高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 5 A delicate world背景图ppt课件

课时素养检测  十九　Unit 5　Period 3

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

A 23-year-old British woman has invented a product she hopes will one day replace single-use plastic. The new product is made by combining fishing waste and algae (水藻). It could be used to replace plastic bags or containers that people use once and throw away. Lucy Hughes created the material, called MarinaTex, for her final year project at the University.

MarinaTex is edible, to put it in another way, it can be tasted without danger. Hughes says it is also strong and stable. But unlike plastic, MarinaTex biodegrades (生物降解)in four to six weeks under normal conditions and does not pollute the soil. The inventor said she is concerned about the growing amount of plastic in ocean waters. She noted one report that there would be more plastic than fish in the world’s oceans by the year 2050. The United Nations estimates that 100 million tons of plastic waste has already been left in the oceans. Hughes also was investigating ways to reduce the amount of waste from the fishing industry. The industry produces an estimated 50 million tons of waste worldwide each year, UN officials say.

Examining fish parts left over from processing helped to give her the idea for a material that was useful and did no harm to the environment. “Why do we need to have hundreds of man-made polymers (聚合体)when nature has so many already available?” she asked. After months of testing, Hughes produced a strong, flexible sheet that forms at temperatures below 100 degrees Celsius. Inventor James Dyson said that MarinaTex is stronger, safer and much more sustainable (可持续的)than plastic. It is also easier to break down. Hughes will receive about $ 41,000 prize money as the first-place winner of the James Dyson Award. She plans to use the money to further develop the product and ways to mass produce it. “Further research and development will ensure that MarinaTex evolves further, and becomes part of a global answer to the abundance of single-use plastic waste,” Dyson said.

【语篇概述】一名23岁的英国女生发明了一种有望替代一次性塑料的材料—MarinaTex。

1. What do we know about MarinaTex?

A. It is a kind of safe seafood.

B. It is a kind of waste.

C. It is a kind of new plastic.

D. It is a kind of safe material that can replace plastic.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容可知。

2. What does the underlined word “edible” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Useful. 　　　　　　　 B. Eatable.

C. Replaceable.     D. Delicious.

【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“it can be tasted without danger”可知,这种材料可以食用。

3. What gets Hughes to create MarinaTex?

A. Her concern about the growing amount of plastic in ocean waters.

B. Her occupational habit of trying out new things.

C. Her hope to help develop the fishing industry.

D. Her desire to win the prize money.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二、三段可知,这个女生是因为关心海洋中的塑料垃圾问题,进而研究新材料的。

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. We need to have hundreds of MarinaTex available.

B. Hughes produced MarinaTex without much effort.

C. MarinaTex will be a good solution to plastic waste.

D. Hughes is the first winner of the James Dyson Award.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章中心可知,MarinaTex这种新材料是解决塑料垃圾的一个好方法。

B

Some scientists believe that one of the most intelligent beings on Earth is in fact the octopus (章鱼).

Octopuses usually live at the bottom of river mouths and seas-areas which are not attractive to researchers. They are not social animals so it can be hard to study their interaction with others. And the octopus’ intelligence is not easy for humans to understand. When we observe some animals such as rats or dogs, we can often understand their behavior. Octopuses,however can seem like aliens (外星人). Scientists need to have a lot of imagination to understand what an octopus is thinking!

In the 1950s, the US Air Force sponsored scientists to study the way octopuses use their brains. They hoped that they could use this knowledge to help them build better computers. However, their brains were so complex that the scientists felt it of no significance to continue with it. Octopuses have a very complex nervous system and recent research suggests that they have some of their intelligence inside each arm, which means that each arm can “think” for itself. It also appears that they have a good memory, perhaps similar to a cat’s.

Perhaps the most striking thing about octopuses is their ability to change their color and body pattern. They do this to camouflage themselves to avoid their enemies and also to communicate with others. They can completely change their appearance in less than a second. It can change its skin to look like rocks, sand or plankton (浮游生物).

Some scientists have even suggested that these different patterns and colors are in fact a very hard language and that each design is a different verb,adjective or noun. But nobody has been able to work out what they might be saying. There’s a long way to go to get to know the octopus completely.

【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文。一些科学家认为,地球上最聪明的生物之一就是章鱼。到目前为止,人们对章鱼也是知之甚少。

5. What can we infer about the octopus’ intelligence from Paragraph 2?

A. It does not attract scientists.

B. Little has been known about it.

C. It is equal to the cat’s or dog’s.

D. Much has been done about it.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。第二段谈到: 章鱼通常生活在河口和海洋的底部,这些地方对研究人员没有吸引力。它们不是群居动物,因此很难研究它们与其他动物的互动。而且章鱼的智力也不容易被人类理解。章鱼看起来像外星人。科学家需要有丰富的想象力才能理解章鱼在想什么!由这些可推知,人们对章鱼的了解很少。

6. What can we say about scientists’ study on the octopus in the 1950s?

A. They had to give it up eventually.

B. They used computers to help.

C. They found its arms could think.

D. They judged it lived like a cat.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段“However, their brains were so complex that the scientists felt it of no significance to continue with it. ”信息可知,科学家发现章鱼的大脑是如此复杂,他们觉得继续研究下去是没有用的。由此可知他们最终放弃了研究。

7. What does the underlined word “camouflage” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Relax. 　　　　　　　 B. Strengthen.

C. Hide.       D. Express.

【解析】选C。词义猜测题。本句前面谈到: 章鱼最惊人的地方在于它们改变颜色和身体形态的能力;由本句后面的“to avoid their enemies(以逃避敌人)”可知,它们这样做是为了伪装自己以躲避敌人。

8. What does the author think of the octopuses?

A. They are the smartest animals.

B. They’re easy to be seen in the sea.

C. It is useful to copy their language.

D. It is difficult to understand them.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。最后一段作者谈到 “There’s a long way to go to get to know the octopus completely. (完全了解章鱼还有很长的路要走)”,可知作者认为要了解章鱼不容易。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

Exam anxiety is something that almost every person experiences during his or her student life. Little anxiety actually helps one 　1　 and work hard for the exams. However, 　2　students spend all their time feeling anxious, a lot of valuable time would be wasted.  

In this competitive world,　3　 caused a lot of nervousness in students. For some, exam anxiety 　4　 them to work harder, while for others it may be the root cause for poor performance, leading to 　5　 in exams and lack of confidence. In fact, some students are anxious by nature and easily get nervous when they are under great 　6　. They will have a low opinion of themselves even if they have prepared 　7　. They fear that they may forget 　8　 they have studied, and when it is too much, their fear is likely to come true.  

One of the most important methods of　9　 exam anxiety is to prepare well in advance. If students are not able to 　10　 anxiety or nervousness, they could talk to their teachers, parents, friends and instructors to relax themselves. 　11　also avoid putting pressure on their kids to do well. Creating a peaceful and　12　 atmosphere at home can be greatly helpful.  

To sleep and eat well is also important. Students tend to avoid sleep　13　they don’t have meals due to anxiety, but it’s harmful to their study and health. Students should 　14　their time reasonably and take proper breaks between studying. They should always remember to set aside some time for their　15　since some entertainment helps them relax and focus.  

【语篇概述】本文介绍了考试焦虑症的成因及影响,并且提出了考试焦虑症的应对方式。

1. A. concentrate　  B. succeed　   C. relax　　  D. experience

【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。 由and work hard for the exams可知,考试前有少许的焦虑有助于学生集中精力(concentrate)。

2. A. while     B. whether    C. if    D. so

【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。如果学生过度焦虑,他们宝贵的时间就会被白白浪费掉。

3. A. jobs     B. plans   C. breaks   D. exams

【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据下一句For some, exam anxiety. . . 可知此处想表达的是考试给学生带来的紧张情绪。

4. A. demand    B. suggest

C. order     D. encourage

【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。此题可用排除法,demand“要求”,order“命令”和suggest“建议”都不符合语境,只有encourage“激励;鼓舞”合适。

5. A. achievement   B. failure

C. progress    D. preparation

【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。考试焦虑症是表现不佳,考试不及格及缺乏自信心的根本原因。

6. A. pressure    B. control

C. discussion    D. construction

【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。有的学生天生容易焦虑,当他们在重压之下(under great pressure)的时候,他们就会紧张。

7. A. good   B. well     C. worse   D. bad

【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。有的考生即使考试前准备很好,但还是显得底气不足。

8. A. which  B. when   C. that　   D. what

【解析】选D。词义辨析题。他们害怕自己(在考试中)会忘记所学过的知识,此处是宾语从句。

9. A. avoiding    B. feeling

C. increasing    D. producing

【解析】选A。词义辨析题。 纵观全文,第三、四段讲的都是应对考试压力的方法,因此该处用avoiding(避免)最贴切。

10. A. explain    B. devote

C. handle     D. discover

【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。建议学生找老师,家长或朋友等的原因是学生应付(handle)不了所面临的焦虑或紧张情绪。

11. A. Teachers   B. Parents

C. Friends     D. Tutors

【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据their kids和at home可知,此处选parents(家长)。

12. A. exciting    B. boring

C. relaxing　     D. worrying

【解析】选C。词义辨析题。要缓解孩子的焦虑和紧张情绪,在家里创建一种平和、令人放松的(relaxing)氛围是极其有帮助的。

13. A. and   B. so   C. if    D. or

【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。学生因为焦虑而失眠或者饿肚子。

14. A. choose    B. divide

C. plan      D. calculate

【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。学生应该合理地安排(plan)好时间,并且在学习过程中适当休息。

15. A. hobbies    B. meals

C. studies     D. situations

【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。娱乐活动帮助学生放松心情,从而专注于学习。因此,学生应该抽出些时间来参与娱乐活动,最适合语境的是hobbies(爱好)。

Ⅲ. 语法填空

In September, in Britain, you may see a lot of swallows. They are gathering together because, very soon, they will be flying south to much 1. _________ (warm) lands, where they will find plenty of small flying insects on 2. _________ they feed. There are no such insects in Britain during the winter, as it is too cold 3. _________ them.  

The swallows settle, fly off, dash, and settle again.  They do this many times, for they are making short practicing 4. _________ (flight) in order to be fit for the long journey ahead of them.  

Flocks of these 5. _________ (migrate) birds leave Britain in the autumn. They fly 6. _________ (steady) for hundreds of miles before they reach the warm lands of Africa. But not all the birds get there, for many of them die in the 7. _________

(storm) weather they meet with on the way.  

In the spring of the following year they make the long and tiring journey back to Britain. They get 8. _________ (settle) on the same barn or tree in the same district which they 9. _________ (leave) the previous autumn.  

Nobody knows exactly how these birds find their way there and back over such vast distance, but it has something 10. _________ (do) with winds and air currents.  

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了英国燕子的迁徙。

1. 【解析】warmer。考查形容词比较级。它们聚集到一起是因为不久之后它们将飞往南方比较温暖的地方。根据语境可知此处应用形容词的比较级。

2. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。在那里,它们会发现大量的小飞虫,它们以此为食。根据语境及句型结构可知,此处应用on which引导定语从句,which代指上文提到的insects。

3. 【解析】for。考查介词。因为对它们来说,英国的冬天太冷了。此处用介词for表示“对……来说”。

4. 【解析】flights。考查名词复数。它们正在做短程的飞行训练。根据语境可知,此处飞行不止一次,所以应填名词的复数形式。

5. 【解析】migrating。考查非谓语动词作定语。在秋天的时候,这些候鸟离开英国。根据句意可知,birds与动词migrate之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用现在分词作定语。

6. 【解析】steadily。考查副词。在它们到达非洲温暖的地方之前,它们要平稳地飞行数百英里。此处应用副词修饰动词。所以要填副词steadily。

7. 【解析】stormy。考查形容词。但是并不是所有的鸟儿都会到达那里,因为途中有许多鸟儿在遇到的暴风雨天气中死去。根据空前的the以及空后的weather可知,此处修饰名词应用形容词。

8. 【解析】settled。考查被动语态。空处位于系动词get后,应用过去分词形式,get settled意为“定居下来”。

9. 【解析】left。考查动词的时态。它们在同一地区相同的谷仓或树上定居下来,那是它们前一年秋天离开的地方。根据句意可知,此处“离开”是过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。

10. 【解析】to do。考查固定短语。句意: 但是,这和风以及气流有关。句中动词短语have something to do with. . . 意为“与……有关”,为固定短语。