高考必考语法精讲精练专题十：名词性从句 Word版含解析

这是一份高考必考语法精讲精练专题十：名词性从句 Word版含解析，共7页。试卷主要包含了 主语从句， 宾语从句，由连接词that引导的宾语从句， 表语从句， 同位语从句，同位语从句与定语从句的区别等内容，欢迎下载使用。

名词性从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查从句引导词的用法。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查名词性从句。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第71题（短文改错）考查了宾语从句的引导词，My uncle is the wner f a restaurant clse t that I live.本句中须将that改为where。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查了名词性从句。
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此，名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①What was mst imprtant t her was her family.(主语从句)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I dn’t knw what yu want t say.(宾语从句)
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The gd news is that we have wn the game.(表语从句)
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④The news that we have wn the game is true.(同位语从句)
引导名词性从句的关联词：
注意：连词that在引导名词性从句时无词义，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略，在引导宾语从句时，口语或非正式的文体中常被省去；疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。名词性从句一般都用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The prblem is what he has dne t the little by.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We all dn’t knw when he will cme.
1. 主语从句
在复合句中作主语的句子叫主语从句
主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, wh,which,whatever, whever以及连接副词hw,when,where, why等词引导。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①That he stle a bike was true.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②What he wants t tell us is nt clear.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Wh will win the match is still unknwn.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Where the English evening will be held has nt yet been annunced.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Whether he can pass the exam depends n whether he study hard r nt.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥Whatever yu d is nne f my business.
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦Whever cmes t ur library will be welcme.
单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Where and when he was brn has nt been fund.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②When the persn was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknwn.
主语从句比较长的时候，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
（1）It + be + 名词 + 主语从句。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It is a fact that he has gne abrad.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It is a pity that yu missed the sprts meeting last week.
（2）It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It is bvius that he tld a lie.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It is certain that he will win the game.
（3）It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It is said that she will cme t the party tmrrw.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It has nt been annunced when the plane are t take ff.
（4）It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It happened that the meeting was canceled that day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It ccurred t me that I had frgtten t bring my wallet.
注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 (shuld) +d，常用的句型是：
It is necessary/imprtant/natural/strange/essential, etc.) that … 例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It’s necessary that yu shuld study hard.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It is strange that he shuld say that.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③It is essential that a cllege student shuld master at least a freign language.
2. 宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I want t knw what he has tld yu.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She always thinks f hw she can wrk well.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③She will give whever needs help a warm supprt.
1).由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has tld me (that) he will leave Wuhan and that he will g t Shanghai tmrrw.
注意:在insist,suggest, advise,decide, demand, desire,require, request,rder, cmmand等表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等意义的动词后，宾语从句中谓语部分常用 虚拟语气，即shuld+ 动词原形。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The cmmander rdered that trps (shuld) set ff at nce.
但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中用陈述语气。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The smile n his face suggested that he had passed the examinatin.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The by insisted that he had nt stlen the mney.
2).用whether或if引导的宾语从句
whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有r nt时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中表示“是否”只用whether. 介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I dn’t care abut whether yu have mney r nt.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Everything depends n whether we have enugh mney.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③He seldm lses his temper except that yu make a fl f him.
3).宾语从句中的时态呼应
宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态。 例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I knw that he studies English every day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I knw that he studied English last term.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③I knw (that) he will study English next year.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④We all knw that he has studied English since 1998.
如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等。 例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①We believed that he had earned enugh mney t build a huse.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The teacher tld us that Tm had left us fr America．
当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。 例如：
The teacher tld us that the sun rises in the east.
4).当主句是I/ We think (suppse, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词nt从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①We dn’t believe that he will win the game.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I dn’t think he will d s.
注意：dubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I dubt whether he will cme tmrrw.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②There is n dubt that he will cme tmrrw.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③I am sure that he will win the game.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④I am nt sure whether he will win the game.
3. 表语从句
在复合句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。表语从句常放在系动词之后。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if, because引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句 。 例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The fact is that we have lst the game.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②That’s just what I want.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③This is where ur prblem lies.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④That is why he didn’t cme t the meeting.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤It lks as if it is ging t rain.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥This is because he missed the train by ne minute.
注意：当主语是reasn 时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：
The reasn why he was late was that he missed the train by ne minute this mrning.
4. 同位语从句
在复合句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句用于解释说明其前面的名词的具体内容。
同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后,如 news, idea, infrmatin, fact, hpe,thught, belief 等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, hw；连接代词wh，what，whse，which也可以引导同位语从句。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The news that he wn the first place was true.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It is a questin hw he did it.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The prblem whether we shuld cntinue t d the experiment has been slved.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④We haven’t settled the questin where we are ging t spend ur summer vacatin.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤I have n idea when she will be back.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥The questin wh shuld d the wrk requires cnsideratin.
同位语从句一般紧跟在被解释的名词之后，但有时候也可以分开，将从句放在句末。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The suggestin came frm the chairman that the new rule shuld be adpted.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Wrd came that Mr. President wuld cme and inspect ur schl.
5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
（1）定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句解释说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The plane that has just taken ff is fr Paris. （定语从句）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The fact that he has died is quite clear. （同位语从句）
（2）定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中不充当句子成分；where, when, hw, wh, whether, what 等连词也可以引导同位语从句，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The news that he tld me is true. （定语从句）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The news that he has just died is true. （同位语从句）
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The prblem that we’re facing nw is hw we can cllect s much mney. (定语从句)
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④The prblem hw we can cllect s much mney is hard t slve. （同位语从句）
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤The questin that he raised puzzled all f us. （定语从句）
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥The questin whether he is sure t win the game is hard t answer.（同位语从句）
（3）同位语从句与先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The idea that we can ask the teacher fr advice is wnderful.
（同位语从句）
→The idea is that we can ask the teacher fr advice.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The fact that the earth mves arund the sun is knwn t all. （同位语从句）
→The fact is that the earth mves arund the sun.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Pay attentin t the prblem hw we can prtect the wild
animals. （同位语从句）
→The prblem is hw we can prtect the wild animals.
高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·名词性从句
考点规律分析:名词性从句短文改错改错考点主要涉及从句引导词的误用、缺失以及多余。语法填空主要涉及从句引导词的选择。
名词性从句单句改错之真题训练：
1.…but it didn’t matter that I wuld win r nt. (全国卷)
2..(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the wner f a restaurant clse t that I live
3.(2016·全国Ⅱ)The summer hliday is cming.My classmates and I are talking abut hw t d during the hliday.
4.Besides, I have few friends, I dn’t knw that they dn’t like t talk with me. (全国卷)
名词性从句单句改错之提升训练：
1. It’s uncertain that the experiment is wrth ding.
2.That is hard is t d gd all ne's life and never d anything bad. 3.What the by didn't take medicine made his mther angry.
4.What he really means is what he disagrees with us.
5.If we can finish translating the bk depends n the time.
6.That is that Lu Xun nce lived.
7. The fact which she had nt said anything surprised all f us.
8. There is n dubt whether he will cme tmrrw.
9. The reasn why he was late was because he missed the train by ne minute this mrning.
10.That he wants t tell us is nt clear.
名词性从句单句语法填空之真题训练：
1.(2016·全国Ⅰ，阅读B)We nw realize ________ imprtant family is and hw imprtant t be near them, especially when yu’re raising children.
2.(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读B)Members leave bks n park benches and buses, in train statins and cffee shps.________ finds their bk will g t the site and recrd where they fund it.
3.(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读D)The jurney was intended t achieve mre than ________Captain Rbert Falcn Sctt had dne.
4.(2016·北京，29)The mst pleasant thing f the rainy seasn is________ne can be entirely dust.
5.(2016·四川，七选五)Scientists are still nt exactly sure ________genes influence aging, but they believe that they d.
6.(2016·江苏，21)It is ften the case________anything is pssible fr thse wh hang n t hpe.
7.(2015·湖南，26)Yu have t knw ________ yu're ging if yu are t plan the best way f getting there.
8.(2015·北京，33)I truly believe ________ beauty cmes frm within.
9.(2015·重庆，8)We must find ut ________ Karl is cming, s we can bk a rm fr him.
10.(2015·四川，8)The exhibitin tells us________we shuld d smething t stp air pllutin.
11.(2015·安徽，25)A ship in harbr is safe, but that's nt________ships are built fr.
12.(2014·大纲全国，24)Exactly ________ the ptat was intrduced int Eurpe is uncertain，but it was prbably arund 1565.
学习札记：
参考答案及解析
名词性从句单句改错之真题训练：
1.that 改为 whether，whether 与 r nt 搭配，表示“是否”
2.that－where 考查从句连词。该句是宾语从句，意为“靠近我住的地方”，that改为where。
3.hw→what 考查疑问词的用法。我和同学们正在谈论假期里做什么。固定表达what t d，如何用hw结构为hw t d sth。
4. that 改为 why，why 引导宾语从句，表示原因
名词性从句单句改错之提升训练：
1.that改为whether 考查宾语从句引导词，whether表示“是否”
2.That改为What，表示“的事情”，引导主语从句
3.What改为that，引导主语从句，不翻译，无实际意义.
4.第二个what改为that，引导表语从句
5.If改为whether，表示“是否”，引导主语从句
6.第二个that改为where，引导表语从句，其中where作从句的地点状语。
7.which改为that，引导同位语从句。
8.whether改为that，There is n dubt 意为“毫无疑问”，用that引导同位语从句。
9.because改为that，that引导表语从句。The reasn why that...为固定句式，意为“的原因是”
10.That改为What，引导主语从句，表示“的事情”
名词性从句单句语法填空之真题训练：
1．hw [考查宾语从句的连接词。根据后面的hw imprtant可以看出此处也是填hw。]
2．whever [考查名词性主句中的主语从句。句意：无论是谁发现了他们的书，都去那儿，并记录下他们是在哪儿发现的书。]
3．what [考查名词性从句，引导词在从句中做had dne的宾语，故用what。]
4．that [考查名词性从句。句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全免于尘埃。分析句子结构可知is后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选D ]
5．hw [句意：科学家仍然不确定基因是如何影响人的年龄的，但是他们相信会影响。用hw最为贴切。]
6．that [考查主语从句的引导词。句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分也不缺意义，故要用that引导。]
7．where [句意：如果你要计划到达某地的最佳路线，你必须首先知道你想要去哪？where引导宾语从句，在从句中用作地点状语。]
8．that [句意：我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词，故用that。]
9．when [句意：我们必须知道他什么时候来，以便我们能给他预定房间。根据后面的s we can bk a rm fr him可知这里指时间，故用when引导。]
10．why [考查宾语从句。句意：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语，根据意义为why。]
11．what [句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。该题考查表语从句。isn't后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的fr后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与fr连用，表示目的。What在句中既作连接词又作从句的中fr的宾语。]
12．when [考查名词性从句。句意：马铃薯被引入欧洲的确切时间是不确定的，但是大约是在1565年。根据句意when引导一个主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。故填when。]
从属连词
that, because
疑问代词
wh, whm, whse, which, what,whether,if
疑问副词
when, where ,why,hw,
缩合连接词
whatever,whever,whmever,whichever,hwever, whenever,wherever
关联短语
as if ,as thugh