高考必考语法精讲精练专题十三：虚拟语气与情态动词 Word版含解析

这是一份高考必考语法精讲精练专题十三：虚拟语气与情态动词 Word版含解析，共7页。试卷主要包含了时态后退型，shuld+动词原形型，culd have dne，wuld have dne 等内容，欢迎下载使用。

情态动词和虚拟语气是高考重要考点，《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中列出了虚拟语气以及情态动词。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第79题（短文改错）考查了情态动词must后面接动词原形。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。
知 识 框 架
虚拟语气
三大板块
含有条件状语从句的复合句
名词性从句
宾语从句
S.+wish（wuld rather）+宾语从句
S.+suggest（demand …）+宾语从句
主语从句
It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (shuld) +d
表语从句
S.+ is that +s. + (shuld) +d
同位语从句
S.+that +s. +(shuld) +d
定语从句
It is high/abut time that +s.+ shuld d sth.(did sth)
两种形式
1.时态后退型
用一般过去表示现在
用过去完成表示过去
用过去将来表示将来
2.shuld+动词原形型
一. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以d为例;S=主语)
例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①If I were yu, I wuld apply fr the jb.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②If I had the mney, I wuld buy it.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③If I were given anther chance，I wuld d it better.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④If I had taken yur advice, I wuld have made great prgress.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤If it had nt been fr yur help, I wuldn’t have finished the wrk s easily.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥If it shuld rain tmrrw,I wuld stay at hme all day.
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦If yu were t cme tmrrw,I culd wait fr yu at hme.
注意：在书面语中，条件从句可以不用连词if，而将谓语中的were，had或 shuld 等移至主语之前构成倒装句。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Were I yu, I wuld apply fr the jb.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Had I taken yur advice, I wuld have made great prgress.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Shuld it rain tmrrw,I wuld stay at hme all day.
二、错综时间的条件句
虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①If yu hadn't watched TV yesterday, yu wuldn't be s sleepy nw. （从句yesterday说明过去，主句nw说明现在）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②If they had left hme early this mrning, they wuld arrive in half an hur. （从句说明过去，主句说明将来。）
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③If yu hesitated this mment, yu might suffer in the future. （从句说明现在，主句说明将来）
三、含蓄条件句
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句有三种情况：
1．条件暗含在单词短语中：常见介词有with假如有, withut假如没有, but fr要不是因为； 连词有r/ therwise（前句用陈述语气，后句用虚拟）；but（前句为虚拟，后句陈述）例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He wuld nt get such a result withut yur help. (条件暗含在介词短语withut yur help= if yu hadn’t helped him中)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②But fr yu, I culd nt be recvered s sn. (条件暗含在But fr yu= If yu hadn’t helped me中)
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③He must have been there, r he never culd knw the place s well.(暗含条件是连词r；后句为虚拟)
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④I wuld have been t yur place, but I was really t busy.
=I was really t busy, r/ therwise I wuld have been t yur place.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤She was ill, therwise she wuld have been present at the meeting. （条件通过连词therwise/ r表示出来 If she had nt been ill...）
2．条件可根据上下文推理出
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①They culd have wn.(条件可能是if they had been patient )
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Such mistakes culd have been avided.（条件可能是if yu had been mre careful ）
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Why didn't yu tell me abut it I shuld have helped yu.（条件可能是if yu had tld me abut it）
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④-- Did yu g t see him yesterday?
-- I wuld have, but smene cme t visit me.（条件是if n ne had cme t visit me）
3．条件用其他形式来表示
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Suppse yu were in my shes, what wuld yu d? （用suppse/ suppsing/ prviding等词表示if）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②T talk with her, yu wuld knw she culd nt hear well.（不定式有假设的意思，相当于If yu shuld talk with her...）
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Left t himself, he culd nt have finished the wrk.（动词的-ed形式表示条件 If he had been left t himself...）
二. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
sb. did（were）…（表现在）
1. wish+that sb. had dne… （表过去）
sb. wuld/culd d…（表将来）
例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I wish I knew his address.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I wish he hadn’t been rude t his parents.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③He wishes we wuld g with him.
2.wuld rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。
例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I’d rather yu psted the letter right away. (现在)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I’d rather I hadn’t said such unkind things t yu.（过去）
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③I'd rather yu came here fr the answer tmrrw .（将来）
3. 表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用shuld＋d，shuld可省略(注意：被动语态用shuld+be+dne)。这类词有：insist，suggest，advise，recmmend，prpse，decide，determine，demand，request，require，desire，rder，cmmand等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The expert prpsed that TV shuld be turned ff at least ne hur every day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Experiments demand that accurate measurements be made.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③She insisted that we shuld take up the matter at the meeting.
注意：
1. suggest 表示“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气。
2. insist 表示“坚持说、坚持认为（某个事实）”时，用陈述语气。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Yur pale face suggests that yu are ill.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He insisted that he hadn’t stlen the mney.
三. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用shuld d，shuld 可省略。
(注意：被动语态用shuld+be+dne)。
例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It is required that the students shuld nt use mbile phnes in their schl.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It’s necessary that cllege students shuld master at least ne freign language.
四．虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。
表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为shuld ＋d，shuld可以省略(注意：被动语态用shuld+be+dne)。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestin，prpsal，rder， demand，desire，request，requirement，recmmendatin等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He gave rders that the wrk (shuld) be started at nce.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We are all fr yur prpsal that the discussin ( shuld ) be put ff．
五． 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。
表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等主观意向的的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为shuld ＋d，shuld可省略(注意：被动语态用shuld+be+dne)这类名词主要有：advice, suggestin, rder, prpsal,demand,desire, request, requirement, recmmendatin等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①My suggestin is that the mayr (shuld) present the prizes.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②His plan is that he shuld pass the exam first.
六． 虚拟语气用在定语从句中
It is（abut/high）time＋that sb.did sth/shuld d sth. （注意：本句型中shuld不可省略）例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It's abut time that we went hme.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It’s high time that we shuld g hme.
注：在It/This/That +be+ the first time／secnd time that．．．句型中，从句中谓语动词用完成时态。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①This is the first time that I have visited Hngkng.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②That was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
七. 虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的、不用if的条件状语从句中
1．在带有even if/ even thugh引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Even if he had been ill, he wuld have gne t his ffice.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I wuldn’t buy it even thugh I had mney.
2.由as if或as thugh引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He treated me as if I were a stranger.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She talked abut the film as if she had really seen it.
3．虚拟语气用在lest（唯恐、免得），fr fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中。 在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由“shuld ＋动词原形”构成，shuld也可省略。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He was punished lest he shuld make the same mistake again．
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He handled the instrument with care fr fear (that) it shuld be damaged.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Take sme mre mney with yu in case yu shuld need it.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④He can use the car n cnditin that he shuld return it tmrrw.
八．虚拟语气用情感语言中
If nly sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①If nly yu were here nw.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②If nly I had knwn the result f the examinatin.
九．情态动词+have dne的其他用法
1.must have dne ：肯定/一定做过（某事）。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It must have rained last night, fr the grund is wet.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Yu must have been mad t speak t such a fl.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③His i-phne must have been stlen by smene,he culd’t find it anywhere.
2.can’t/culdn’t have dne:不可能做过（某事）；一定没做过（某事）。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I didn’t see her in the meeting rm this mrning. She culdn’t have attended the meeting.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He can’t have gne abrad，I saw him a mment ag.
3.may/might /culd have dne:可能做过（某事）。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He may/culd have brken up with his girlfriend.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He might have given yu help, even thugh he was busy.
4.may/might nt have dne：可能没做过（某事）。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He may nt have seen that film.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②They may nt have knwn it befrehand.
5.shuld have dne/ught t have dne：本来应该做某事（而没做）。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Yu shuld have finished yur wrk n time.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I ught t have gne hme last Sunday.
6.shuld’t have dne/ught’t t have dne：本不应该做某事（而做了）。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Yu shuldn’t have put yur bk n the bed.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He ught’t t have blamed yu,it’s nt yur fault.
7.culd have dne：本来可以做某事（而没做）。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Yu culd have passed the exam,yu were t careless.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He culd have wrked in Wuhan after graduatin,but he decided t wrk in the remte cuntryside.
8.needn’t have dne：本来没必要做某事（而做了）。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Yu needn’t have cme s early.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Yu needn’t have taken my umbrella n such a fine day.
9.wuld have dne ：本来会做某事；就已经例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He wuld have cme t help me ,but he was t busy then.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②If I had taken yur advice, I wuld have made great prgress.
高考短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·虚拟语气与情态动词
考点规律分析：短文改错及语法填空对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查主要涉及情态动词的选择、情态动词的否定表达、情态动词后面接动词原形、shuld+动词原形构成的虚拟语气以及时态后退型的虚拟语气。
虚拟语气短文改错及语法填空真题训练：
1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，阅读A)When Sandra Day O’Cnnr finished third in her class at Stanfrd Law Schl in 1952, she ________nt find wrk at a law firm because she was a wman.
2．(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)We can chse between staying at hme and taking a trip.
3．(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)Sme classmates suggest we can g t places f interest nearby.
4．(2016·北京，31)I lve the weekend, because I________get up early n Saturdays and Sundays.
5．(2016·浙江，17)Gerge ________(g) t far .His cffee is still warm.
6．(2015·北京，29)—Can't yu stay a little lnger?
—It's getting late.I really ________ g nw.My daughter is hme alne.
7．(2015·浙江，4)It was s nisy that we ________ nt hear urselves speak.
8．(2015·重庆，12)Yu ________ be Carl.Yu haven't changed a bit after all these years.
9．(2015·陕西，21)Yu ________feel all the training a waste f time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later yu'll be grateful yu did it.
10．(2015·四川，2)Yu ________ be careful with the camera.It csts!
11．(2015·福建，27)—Srry, Mum! I failed the jb interview again.
—Oh, it's t bad.Yu ________ have made full preparatins.
12．(2015·天津，7)I ________have wrried befre I came t the new schl, fr my classmates here are very friendly t me.
13．(2014·北京，27)________ I have a wrd with yu? It wn't take lng.
14．(2014·湖南，25)—I've prepared all kinds f fd fr the picnic.
—D yu mean we________ (nt)bring anything with us?
15．(2014·江苏，31)It was sad t me that they，s pr themselves，________bring me fd.
16．(2014·江西，30)Life is unpredictable；even the prest ________becme the richest.
虚拟语气短文改错专项训练：
1. It is high time that yu leave fr Shanghai.
2. She suggests that her brther nt ges t cllege.
3. The judge insisted that the spy was put in prisn.
4. Hw I wish I am as strng as yu.
5. It is necessary that the patient is sent t hspital right away.
6. If he hadn’t been caught in the strm yesterday, he will nt be ill nw.
7. If I am yu, I wuld give him a gd beating.
学习札记：
虚拟语气短文改错及语法填空真题训练：
I.1．culd [根据句意：当桑德拉在法律学习毕业之后，因为她是女人，没能在法律公司找到工作。]
2．chse→chse [考查动词原形。根据语法知识可知，情态动词can后要用动词原形。]
3．去掉can或can→shuld [考查固定表达。suggest表示“建议”，后面的宾语从句要用shuld d形式，shuld可以省略，故答案有两种改法。]
4．needn’t [考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。]
5．can’t have gne [考查情态动词。句意：乔治不可能已经走得太远。他的咖啡温乎。can’t have dne表示对过去否定的推测，意为“不可能做了……”。]
6.must [句意：——你不能再多待一会儿吗？——天要黑了，我真的现在必须走了，我的女儿独自呆在家里。must必须。]
7．culd [句意：太吵闹了，我们连自己说的话都听不到。can/culd表示“能力，能够”。根据前面的was可知，此处要用过去时culd。]
8．must [句意：你一定是Carl，这些年以来你一点都没变。must一定，表示推测，符合句意。]
9．may [句意：你也许会认为所有的培训都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百的保证你以后会感激你所做的事情。考查情态动词。根据后文的描述可以看出此处培训还没有结束，是一种不肯定的推测语气。]
10．must [考查情态动词。句意：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。此处表示命令语气。]
11．shuld [句意：——很抱歉，妈妈，我的面试又失败了。——噢，真是太糟糕了，你本应该做好充分准备的。考查情态动词＋have dne的意义。根据上句的面试又失败了，可知是对过去事实的虚拟。shuld have dne本应该做但是没有做。]
12．needn't [句意：在来到新学校前我本不必担心，因为在新学校我的同班同学对我很友好。考查情态动词。needn't have dne...本不必做的事做了。]
13．Can 14.needn't 15.shuld 16.might
虚拟语气短文改错专项训练：
1. leave改为left。It is time后面的从句动词要用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式。
2. ges改为g。suggest表示“建议”，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气。谓语动词用原形。
3. was改为be。宾语从句要用虚拟语气。
4. am改为were。wish后面的宾语从句需用虚拟语气。
5. 第二个is改为be。主语从句要用虚拟语气。
6. will 改为wuld。此处要用虚拟语气。
7. am 改为were。这是一个与现在情况相反的一个假设，要用虚拟语气。

时间
条件状语从句
主 句
现在
If +S+did (were)
S+wuld/shuld/culd/might +d
过去
If +S+had dne
S+wuld/shuld/culd/might +
have dne
将来
did(were)
If+S shuld d
were t d
S+wuld/shuld/culd/might +d
时 间
从 句
对现在的虚拟
were, did (一般过去时)
对过去的虚拟
had dne (过去完成时)
对将来的虚拟
were, did (一般过去时)
It +be
可用的词有三类
that
S+(shuld) d
suggested，rdered，required，prpsed，demanded,requested，insisted等（“坚决要命”）
imprtant, necessary, natural, strange等
a pity, a shame, n wnder等