高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage优秀导学案

Period Five　Writing—A news report

新闻是对新近发生的事实的报道。新闻反映新发生的、重要的、有意义的、能引起广泛兴趣的事实，具有迅速、明了、简短的特点。

一、新闻报道写作的语言特点

1．具体。新闻用事实说话，五个W和一个H (when，where，who，what，why和how)是构成一则完整消息不可缺少的要素，这就需要记叙具体的时间、地点、人、事、经过、因果等。

2．准确。新闻语言不能含糊其词、模棱两可，也不能夸大或缩小事实。

3．简练。新闻语言要简明扼要、直截了当。

二、新闻写作的结构

新闻文体的主体结构主要由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。

标题(headline)：标题是文章的眼睛，浓缩概括全文的中心问题，要简洁、生动、具有概括性。

导语(lead or introduction)：导语是新闻的开头，通常为文章的第一段。要求用极简明的文字概括新闻的主要事实。

正文(body)：在导语的基础上，引入更多的与主题相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论，进而得出结论。

1．The accident occurred shortly after the plane took off.

2．Authorities in Northeast China’s Jilin Province have announced a new target for improving the water quality of the Songhua River，one of the most heavily polluted rivers in the country.

3．According to a new survey，Moscow is the world’s most expensive city for the second year in a row.

4．As the summer vacation is coming，many students in Xiamen are planning to go traveling，while other students are going to take training courses for different reasons.

5．With the rapid increase of China’s population，the housing problem is becoming more and more serious.

6．The two countries agreed to reach a final agreement on the travel restrictions.

7.If you are to get to Sydney by five，you must start at once.

请根据下面的信息写一篇80词左右的新闻报道。

四月十二日北京遭遇沙尘暴，当天交通事故比平时多出二十余起，人们开始关注这一灾害性天气。下面为专家得出的结论：

频发时间：3、4月份

危害：交通事故；土壤沙漠化；肺部疾病

直接原因：天气干燥；气温骤变

根本原因：人类活动，如过度用水，有些地方草原退化；人口增长

解决方法：国家应鼓励科学利用资源等

参考词汇：sandstorm沙尘暴；desertification土壤沙漠化

审题

1．确定文体：这是一篇新闻报道，属于应用文，内容是报道发生在北京的沙尘暴，主体部分要写清楚沙尘暴带来的危害以及解决方案。

2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。

3．主体人称：以第三人称为主。

谋篇

第一段：交代沙尘暴发生的时间、地点、过程以及所带来的危害；

第二段：解释原因；

第三段：提出解决办法。

核心词汇

1．由于可怕的沙尘暴owing to the terrible sandstorm

2．把人们的注意力转向turn people’s attention to

3．对交通安全构成威胁a threat to traffic safety

4．与土壤沙漠化密切相关be closely related to desertification

5．导致result in

连词成句

1．沙尘暴对交通安全构成威胁，因为沙尘暴会让驾驶员的眼睛难以看清楚。(原因状语从句；it充当形式宾语)

Sandstorms are a threat to traffic safety because they make it difficult for drivers to see clearly.

2．在中国北方，沙尘暴经常发生在3月到4月之间。(主谓结构)

Sandstorms frequently occur in Northern China between March and April.

3．更糟糕的是，空气质量差会导致人们患肺癌。

What is worse，the bad air quality can cause people to develop lung cancer.

4．沙尘暴会造成空气质量差。

Sandstorms can produce the bad air quality.

5．人类活动是沙尘暴的罪魁祸首。(responsible)

Human activities are responsible for sandstorms.

6．专家说，中国应该鼓励明智和科学地利用资源。(宾语从句)

Experts say China should encourage wise and scientific use of resources.

句式升级

1．用定语从句把1、2句连接起来

Sandstorms，which frequently occur in Northern China between March and April，are a threat to traffic safety because they make it difficult for drivers to see clearly.

2．用过去分词作定语连接3、4句

What is worse，the bad air quality produced by sandstorms can cause people to develop lung cancer.

3．用with复合结构连接5、6句

With human activities being responsible for sandstorms，experts say China should encourage wise 

and scientific use of resources.

用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。

参考范文

Hit by Troublesome Sandstorms Again

April 12th—Twenty more traffic accidents than usual happened in Beijing today owing to the terrible sandstorm.This has suddenly turned people’s attention to the causes of such disastrous weather.Sandstorms，which frequently occur in Northern China between March and April，are a threat to traffic safety because they make it difficult for drivers to see clearly.Also，according to scientists，they are closely related to desertification.What is worse，the bad air quality produced by sandstorms can cause people to develop lung cancer.

What are the causes of sandstorms? Dry weather and sudden changes in temperature can result in the widespread dust.However，some scientists believe that the root cause of sandstorms lies in human activities.

With human activities being responsible for sandstorms，experts say China should encourage wise and scientific use of resources.