牛津译林版Unit 2 Travelling教学设计

Grammar

Teaching aims:

1.掌握“have/has been to” 和 “have/has gone to”的用法。

2.理解短暂性动词和延续性动词的不同用法，以及它们之间的转换。

Teaching steps:

Step 1 Revision

Answer the questions.

1. Where has Kitty been?

2. How did she feel on Space Mountain?

3. What were they doing through the ride?

4. What did she meet on the way to the restaurant?

5. What was the best part of her day?

6. What did they do after the parade?

7. Did she buy any gifts?

8. When did they watch the fireworks?

Step 2 Study Grammar A: Using have/has been 和 have/has gone

We use have/has been to express the idea that someone went to a place and has already come back. It refers to an experience.

e.g. Mille and Amy have been to South Hill. They want to go there again.

       Sandy has never been to South Hill. She wants to go with them.

We use have/has gone to express the idea that someone went to a place but has not yet returned.

e.g. Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong. They will come back next week.

      Suzy is not at home at the moment.

      She has gone to the bookshop.

Step 3 Summary

    have/has been和have/has gone的用法

    让我们一起来观察下面的句子并分析总结它们的用法!

① I have been to America many times. It’s really a modern city.

② Millie has gone to America with her family. I hope they have a great time

     there.

【区别一】

通过分析上面两个例句, 你能得出什么结论呢?

___________ 表示曾经去过某地, 已经回来; 而 ___________表示说话时已经去了某地, 可能在途中, 也可能到达目的地。

③ Have you ever been to the supermarket to buy grapes?

④ Minnie and her father have been to the supermarket to buy grapes twice this

month.

⑤ Minnie and her father have gone to the supermarket to buy grapes.

【区别二】

通过分析上面三个例句, 你能得出什么结论呢?

含 ___________ 的句子中可以加 once, twice, ever, never等时间状语; 而含 ____________ 的句子中不能加此类时间状语。

【区别三】

综合分析上面五个例句, 你还能得出什么结论呢?

含 ___________ 的句子中主语的人称一般为第三人称形式; 而含 ___________ 的句子中对主语的人称没有限制。

Step 4 Practice

Finish the exercises on pages 26 & 27.

A1 The Class 1, Grade 8 students are talking about their classmates and families. Help them complete the sentences with have/has been or have/has gone.

1. Millie isn’t here. She _________ to the library.

2. Peter and Simon ____ just _____ to the library. They borrowed some interesting books.

3. My cousin __________ to Xi’an twice.

4. My parents __________ to Xi’an and they’ll stay there for a week.

5. Daniel won’t be with us at the party. He _________ to Shanghai.

A2. Daniel and Millie are chatting. Complete their conversation. Use the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

Daniel: I haven’t seen Mr Wu for days. Where ____ he _____(go)?

Millie:  He __________ (go) to Tianjin to attend a meeting.

Daniel: _____ you _____ (be) anywhere recently?

Millie: Yes, I __________ to Hainan with my parents.

Daniel: Oh, that’s great! ______ you ______ to Sanya?

Millie: Sure, we _________(be) to the beach there. Look at these photos.

Daniel: The beach is beautiful. I see Andy playing on the sand too.

Millie: Yes, We went there with his family.

Daniel: I see. By the way, shall we invite Andy to go for a picnic tomorrow?

Millie: Andy isn’t here this weekend. He and his parents __________(go) to countryside. They’ll be back tomorrow afternoon.

Step 5 Study Grammar B: Verbs with for and since

We use for when we talk about a period of time, and we use since when we talk about a time point in the past.

e.g. Mr Dong has lived here for many years.

       Mr Dong has lived her since he was born.

Some verbs, such as come, go, buy and leave, can be used in the present perfect sense, but they cannot be used with for or since in positive statements.

 Step 6 Summary

   since和for的用法

现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始, 一直持续到现在, 多与“since +点时间”或“for +段时间”连用。for表示“经过(一段时间)”, 而since表示“自从(……以来)”。

常见结构如下：

for    +     表示一段时间的状语

               一段时间+ ago

since +      表示过去的某一时间点

               从句

e.g. He has lived here for 16 years.

他住在这里有十六年了。

He has lived here since 16 years ago.

他从十六年前起就住在这里了。

He has lived here since 1991.

他从1990年起就住在这里了。

He has lived here since he was born. 

他从出生起就住在这里。

If we want to express a continuous state, we can use another way like this.

Step 7 Practice

Kitty is telling Millie about her holiday in Hong Kong on the phone. Complete what she says with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

My parents and I _________(arrive) in Hong Kong on the first day of the winter holiday. We _________(be) here for three days.

I __________(borrow) a book about Hong Kong a week ago. It’s very useful. I ____ ____ (keep) it with me for a few days. It helps me learn more about Hong Kong.

Now it’s noon and we’re in Ocean Park. The first dolphin show ______(begin) at 11:30 a.m. It ________(be) on for about half an hour. The show is really exciting.

Step 8 Do some exercises.

I. 慧眼识错。

1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.

2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.

3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5 years.

4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.

5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold?

6. His grandfather has been died for two years.

7. Jim has gone to Beijing for ten years.

8. What time have the factory opened?

9. I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice.

II. 同义句转换。

1. The class was over ten minutes ago.

     The class _____________ for ten minutes.

2. His grandpa died in 2004.

     His grandpa ______________ for ten years.

3. The exhibition has been on for three 

    days.

    The exhibition ____________ three days ago.

4.  My parents got married 25 years ago.

    My parents __________________

    since 25 years ago.

5. I bought the MP3 last week.

     I __________ the MP3 for a week.

6. Kitty joined the Reading Club last year.

     Kitty _____________________ the Reading Club since last year.

III. 翻译下列句子。

1. 这些日子你去哪里了？

2. 我父亲已经去上海出差了。

3. 他离开家已经10年了。

4. 篮球赛已经开始15分钟了。

5. 20分钟前会议就已经结束了。

6. 我两年前来到了这个学校。

7. 她已经到达公司半个小时了。

8. A: Tony曾经去过法国吗？B: 是的。

  A: 他去过埃菲尔铁塔吗？ B: 没有。

9. A: 我昨天没看见你。你去哪儿了？  

  B: 我去电影院了。

  A: 你什么时候去电影院的？

  B: 昨天下午。

10. A: 你爸爸去哪儿了?

   B: 他去美国了。他下周回来。

11. A: 他们去印度了吗?

   B: 不，没有。他们明天走。

Step 9 Homework

   1. 复习for和since的用法。

2. 复习延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法。