初中英语牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 1 Past and Present教案设计

Grammar

Teaching Aims:

Learn the use of the present perfect tense.

Step 1 Revision

Answer some questions about the conversation between Mr Chen and Millie.

Model 1:

Has Sunshine Town changed a lot? Yes, it has.

Model 2:

Have Mr Chen and his wife moved out of the town?  No, they haven’t.

1. Has the government built a new park?

2. Have most of Mr Chen’s old friends moved away?

3. Has it become impossible for them to see each other as often as before?

4. Have Mr Chen and his wife decided to move out of the town?

Step 2 The present perfect tense

1. We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that started in the past and continue to the present.

e.g. I have lived here since I was born.

She has worked in this factory for nine years.

2. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and have a connection with the present. 

e.g. Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food.

（Eddie ate the food, and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)

I have already seen the film?

(I saw the film in the past and now I still remember something about the film.)

3. We also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now.

e.g. I have already read this book many times. 

Mr Chen has been to the USA twice.

4. We make positive statements in the present perfect tense like this:

5. We make negative statements in the present perfect tense like this:

6. We ask and answer questions using the present perfect tense like this:

7. We form the past participles of some regular verbs by adding –ed, just as what we do to form the simple past tense of these verbs:

8. We form the past participle of irregular verbs differently. Here are some examples:

Step 3 A short test

Write the past participles of the verbs below.

borrow              plan               say

hope                 cry              grow

make                send              hit

get                 watch             enjoy

Complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense.

1 They ___________ (finish) their homework already.

2 John ____ never ______ (visit) China.

3 Mr Li ___________ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.

4 We ____________ (not see) each other for years.

5 My parents ___________ (not come) back yet.

6 Our teacher __________ (teach) us a lot about the history of China.

Complete the conversation. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Millie: ______ you _____ (see) any films recently, Sandy?

Sandy: No, I haven't. What about you?

Millie: I _____ (see) one last Saturday.

Sandy: What's it about?

Millie: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the past century. From this film, I ____________ (learn) more about Beijing’s past and present.

Sandy: Oh, I think I _________ (hear) about the film. Do you plan to see

       it again?

Millie: Yes, I’d like to.

Step 4 Summary

一、现在完成时的构成：
1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型：

   主语 + have /has +过去分词…
e. g. He has lived in Beijing for ten years.
    I have finished my homework.

2. 现在完成时的否定句句型：

  主语 + have/has+ not+过去分词…

  e.g. I have not seen the movie yet.

   He hasn’t been to Beijing since then.

3. 现在完成时一般疑问句的构成：

   Have/ Has + 主语+ 过去分词…?

   Yes, 主语+ have/ has.

   No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t.

 e.g. Have you finished your homework yet?

     Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. 

★ haven’t =have not     hasn’t = has not

     I’ve = I have        He’s = He has

二、用法：以下两种情况应用现在完成时：
1. 过去发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在。

  He has lived here since he came to Nanjing.

2. 过去完成的动作，但强调这个过去完成的动作对现在有一定的影响或产生某种结果 ：

  I have seen that film already.

   (I saw it in the past and now I can still remember something about the film.)

★ 一般过去时只用来表示过去发生了某事，并不能表明对现在产生了什么影响。

e.g. He lost his mobile phone yesterday. 他昨天丢失的手机。

(We don’t know whether he has found it or not.) 

He has lost mobile phone already. 他已经把手机丢失了。

（He can’t use it right now.)

三、判断方法：

1. 依据用法，结合句意判断。如：

    他在这所学校教书有三年了。

    He has taught at this school for 3 years.

2. 依据一些副词或时间状语判断。

    现在完成时常和already, ever, just, never, recently, yet 等副词，以及since, for 引导的时间状语连用。

   Have they arrived yet?

★ already “已经”常用于肯定句中，yet “还，仍然，已经”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。

Homework

1. Review the summary on present perfect tense.

2. Finish the exercises on workbook.