初中英语牛津译林版九年级下册Unit 2 Great people教案设计

Grammar

Teaching aims:

1. Revise the simple present tense, the present continuous tense, the simple past tense, the past continuous tense and the present perfect tense.

2. Sum up the differences between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense.

Teaching procedures:

Step 1 Revision

Translate the following sentences and tell what tense is used in each sentence.

1. 他总是设法独自做每一件事。

   He always manages to do everything by himself.   (时态：一般现在时)

2. 宇航员们目前为下一次飞行做准备。

   The astronauts are preparing for the next flight at present. 

 (时态：现在进行时)

3. 在返回地球的途中，宇宙飞船开始旋转，失去了控制。

   On their way back to the Earth, the spacecraft began spinning out of control

.   (时态：一般过去时)

4. 那一刻，全世界都在等待着向他们问候。

  At that moment, the whole world was waiting to greet them. (时态：过去进行时)

5. 在太空中，阿姆斯特朗接到缩短航程的命令。

   In space, Armstrong received the order to cut the flight short.  

(时态：一般过去时)

6. 因为他的出色表现，迄今他已经被授予了五个奖项。

 Because of his excellent service, he has been presented five awards so far.  

(时态：现在完成时)

Step 2 Simple present tense and present continuous

1. Simple present

Used for:

1. a present state

    e.g. John lives in New York.

2. daily routine and habits

    e.g. I always go to bed at 140 p.m.

  3. present actions that happen one after another

    e.g. School is over and the students go home.

4. actions set by a timetable or schedule

    e.g. The talk show starts at 7 p.m.

2. Present continuous

Used for:

1. actions that happen right now

    e.g. Look! The reporter is interviewing the astronaut.

2. actions that happen at the same time

    e.g. Mum is doing the housework and Dad is working on the computer.

  3. actions in a limited period of time

    e.g. I am working on a history project this week.

4. arrangements for the near future

    e.g. I am leaving for Shanghai tonight.

e.g. I often go to school at 7 a.m.

     我经常七点上学。

     He is watching TV.

     他正在看电视。

     I like collecting stamps.

     我喜欢集邮。

     This month, they are preparing for the exam.

     这个月他们正在准备考试。

3. Millie is writing about what her family members are doing. Help her complete her article with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.

  I (1) _______ (have) a day out with my classmates this Saturday, so I (2) ____ (need) a pair of trainers. Mum (3) _________ (shop) online for me now. She often (4) _____ (shop) online. Dad (5) __________ (search) for information on the Internet. He (6) _______ (visit) Japan next week. Grandpa (7) ________ (read) the newspaper and Grandma (8) _________ (watch) TV. I (9) _____ (want) to write an email to Wendy before I (10) ____ (go) to bed.

  Keys: will have, need, is shopping, shops, is searching,

will visit, is reading, is watching, want, go

Step 3 Simple past tense and past continuous

1. Simple past

Used for:

1. Actions that happened in the past.

    e.g. Simon played football yesterday.

2. Actions that happened one after another in the past.

    e.g. Simon came home, turned on the computer and checked his email.

2. Past continuous

Used for:

1. actions that were in progress at a certain time in the past

    e.g. Yesterday at 4 p.m., Simon was playing football.

2. actions that happened at the same time in the past

    e.g. Simon was playing computer games while Millie was watching TV.

3. actions that lasted for some time in the past

    e.g. We were having a meeting from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. yesterday.

e.g.

Two months ago, I flew to London with my mother.

两个月前，我和妈妈一起坐飞机到伦敦。

She was reading while her mother was talking on the phone.

当她妈妈在打电话时，她在看书。

She was shopping at 10 a.m. yesterday.

昨天上午十点时她正在购物。

3. Simon and his friends are talking about what they did after dinner last night. Complete their conversation with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.

  Simon: I (1) ____________ (watch) a wonderful football match from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. yesterday. My favorite team (2) _____ (win) the match.

Millie: I (3) __________ (write) an email to Wendy at 7 p.m. yesterday. She (4) ____ (send) me an email last week.

Sandy: I (5) _____________ (practise) playing the piano the whole night. I (6) ____ (take) part in a competition this morning.

  Peter: Last night, I (7) ______ (find) a website about travelling in space. I (8) ___________ (read) passages on the website while you (9) ___________ (play) the piano, Sandy.

Daniel: I (10) __________ (talk) to Aunt Jane on the phone at 7:30 yesterday evening. She (11) ______ (call) me the day before yesterday, but I (12) _______ (be not) at home then.

  Keys: was watching, won, was writing, sent, was practising, took,

       found, was reading, were playing, was talking, called, was not

Step 4 Simple past and present perfect

1. Simple past

Used for:

1. actions that happened in the past

    e.g. I bought a new bicycle yesterday.

2. actions that happened at a certain time in the past

    e.g. Kitty wrote an email to Linda an hour ago.

2. Present perfect

Used for:

1. emphasizing the result of a past action

    e.g. I have bought a new bicycle, so I can ride to school now.

2. telling how many times an action has happened till now

    e.g. She has been to the USA twice.

3. Durative and non-durative verbs

e.g. I lived in Sunshine Town three years ago.

    （一般过去时不强调现在的情况）

      我三年前住在阳光镇。

      He has lived in Sunshine Town since he was born.

     （表示他现在还住在阳光镇）

      他自出生就生活在阳光镇。

The film has started for over ten minutes. （误）

The film has been on for over ten minutes. （正）

（与for, since等表示从过去到现在的时间段连用时，肯定句中要用延续性动词）

电影已经开始十多分钟了。

4. Millie is writing about some modern inventions that have changed the way we live. Help her choose the correct words in brackets to complete her article.

  Many modern inventions (1) __________ (make/ have made) a great difference in out life. They (2) ____________ (changed/ have changed) the way we live.

In ancient times, people (3) _____ (used/ have used) salt to help them keep fish or meat for a longer time. Fresh food would go bad in summer in a few hours. The invention of fridge (4) _________ (solved/ has solved) this problem.

  In the past, people (5) _______ (washed/ have washed) their clothes by hand. It (6) ____ (was/ has been) tiring, and it (7) _____ (took/ has taken) a lot of time. With the invention of the washing machine, people (8) _________ (had/ have had) more time to relax.

In the old days, people (9) ________ (traveled/ have traveled) by ship. Now planes (10) _________ (made/ have made) journeys more comfortable. 

  Keys: have made, have changed, used, has solved,

       washed, was, took, have had, traveled, have made

Step 5 Homework

Remember the use of the six tenses in this lesson.