2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密16阅读理解之主旨大意题含解析

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密16阅读理解之主旨大意题含解析，共29页。

解密16 主旨大意题
序号
题型
真题
Part 1
解密高考
考点综述 备考建议
Part 2
对点解密
考点精准说1... 真题对点析1... 对点模拟练1...
Part 3
强化集训
真题模测、典题模测




Part 1解密高考
【考点综述】
主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一， 旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占2-3个。
1. 从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种
①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻
找或总结。
2. 考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种
①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；
②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；
③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
【备考建议】
根据高考对其考查点，在做题时，应该注意其设问特点和常考问题，并且以高度概括法给阅读文章整体加注标题。对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？
首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。
其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。
最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句为：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names on Thursday Nov. 18th 2004 in Beijing.
话题：Stamps
控制性概念：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names
标题：China issued 1st set of stamps on family names
Part 2对点解密
【考点精准说】1----→中心主题句出现在文首
开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。
新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。
【真题对点析】1
【2020·全国新课标IIIC】
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.318
28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn D. The daughters.
29. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?
A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling.
30. What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?
A. Family traditions. B. Financial reports. C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations.
C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK.
【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
28.细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。
29.推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。
30.细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。
31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。
【对点模拟练】1
When I recently revealed to my friends, colleagues, and family members that I would be moving my family to Israel, the reactions were numerous and varied. Some people said it was an expected thing while others asked: Why now? What will you do?
For me, making the move to Israel is the fulfillment of a dream that has lasted for my 47 years of life. I have always known that Israel is my home. Over the years Israel has been in my heart, but I have found a number of reasons to put off making it my permanent residence: kids, the economy, education… you name an excuse, and at some point I have probably used it.
Truthfully, I believe that I was always just a little bit scared. And of course I still am, with the fear factor that is reported by the press surrounding the Israeli military and economy. However, it has come to the point when I have realized that for over 2000 years we have longed for this land, and that for 47 years I have denied the opportunity to make it my home. I am finally ready to fully grasp this opportunity.
Over the years, I have always loved visiting Israel. I have traveled there with my family, and enjoyed introducing thousands of travelers to the country. I have come to love all of these things about Israel as a tourist because I get to love my home. And as far as waiting for the “perfect” condition under which to make aliyah, I believe the time is now!
I have been asked many times if I am nervous about moving to Israel. Before I answer, I remember that we have overcome the Greeks, the Romans, the Russian killings, Hitler and the Holocaust(大屠杀)，and the armies of seven countries.
How can I not feel confident that I , and my family, will overcome any difficulties that may come our way? I am not worrying, complaining, crying, or fearing as I prepare to make aliyah. I am proud and excited to say that I am fulfilling a 47-year-old dream: I am going home.
4．What does the author want to say in the passage?
A．His dream is to come true after 47 years.
B．It is a dilemma for him to return to Israel.
C．He didn’t live a happy life in Israel.
D．It is a latest trend to fulfill everyone’s dream.
5．The author didn’t return to Israel before because_________.
A．his children mainly held him back
B．he failed to get determined
C．he didn’t save enough money
D．he hoped to finish his education
6．What does the underlined part “make aliyah” mean in the passage?
A．To return to Israel.
B．To make a decision.
C．To live happily.
D．To catch a chance.
7．It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．the author will be happy to meet his relatives in Israel
B．Israel is a familiar word but a strange place for the author
C．the Israeli suffered a lot in the history
D．Israel is still a place between wars and chaos
【答案】4．A5．B6．A7．C
【解析】作者在文中叙述了自己经历了在外流浪的47年后，决定带着家人回到以色列, 使自己多年的梦想得以实现的故事。
4．主旨大意题。作者在文中叙述了自己经历了在外流浪的47年后，决定带着家人回到以色列, 使自己多年的梦想得以实现的故事，选A。
5．细节理解题。由but I have found a number of reasons to put off making it my permanent residence: kids, the economy, education… you name an excuse, and at some point I have probably used it.可知以前作者没有做出回以色列的决定是因为找了种种借口,也就是说作者自己没有下定决心。选B。
6．词义猜测题。通过阅读全文可知作者带着家人回到以色列的梦想马上就要实现，所以“make aliyah” 指的是回到家乡以色列，选A。
7．推理判断题。由Before I answer, I remember that we have overcome the Greeks, the Romans, the Russian killings, Hitler and the Holocaust(大屠杀)，and the armies of seven countries.
可知以色列人在历史上遭受了很多苦难，选C。
【考点精准说】2--→主题句出现在文尾
在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。
【真题对点析】2
【2020·全国新课标ID】
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.316
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．A new study of different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Employees from various workplaces.
D．Benefits from green plants.
33．What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A．To detect plants’ lack of water
B．To change compositions of plants
C．To make the life of plants longer.
D．To test chemicals in plants.
34．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A．They will speed up energy production.
B．They may transmit electricity to the home.
C．They might help reduce energy consumption.
D．They could take the place of power plants.
35．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Can we grow more glowing plants?
B．How do we live with glowing plants?
C．Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D．How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【答案】32．D33．A34．C35．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。
35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
【对点模拟练】2
Vinegar makes salad，fries and dumplings taste better， and you can even use it to clean your windows． And now， according to scientists， it may even the planet's population survive climate change．
Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science （CSRS） in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts． This could mean that in the future， worries about climate change affecting the world's supply of food will be much lower． The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis， a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather． It was found that when the plant was placed in drought﹣like conditions， it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸盐）﹣the main component of vinegar．
After discovering this， the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants， before they stopped giving them water completely． After leaving the plants for 14days， they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived， while the untreated plants had dried up and died．
It's hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive． "In the experiment， we targeted the staple foods of the world﹣rice， wheat and maize﹣and the basic plant of breeding species， rapeseed（油菜籽），" Jong Myong Kim， co﹣author of the study， told Popular Science magazine．
Kim also told the magazine he's already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost﹣effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners． Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isn't as easy as just pouring vinegar over them， Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible． "Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers， and also some companies， to make a method to apply this system， "he said． And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we goaway， hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died．
8．What is the article mainly about？
A．The world's food supply will be increased．
B．Plants better survive droughts．
C．The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts．
D．Vinegar could be used to fight droughts．
9．It was discovered that acetate can　 　．
A．be used by farmers to replace soil
B．only be produced by the Arabidopsis
C．help plants survive dry conditions
D．be used to improve poor soil
10．What are the target plants of the experiment？
A．all breeding species．
B．wheat and Arabidopisis．
C．rice and maize．
D．rapeseed and Arabidopisis．
11．Jong Myong Kim's experiment of trying out the method　 　．
A．can make people's trips pleasant
B．turned out a worldwide success
C．is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plants
D．appeals to many flower growing companies
【答案】8．D9．C10．C11．D
【解析】本文属于科普类文章。醋不仅使食物味道更好，还可以用它来清洁你的窗户。研究发现醋中生长的植物，使它们更耐干旱。
8．D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存，即能抗击干旱，故选D。
9．C推理判断题。根据第二段最后“The discovery was …the Arabidopsis,a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather.It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions,it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸盐）—the main component of vinegar.”及第三段“by adding acetate to the soil of other plants,… had survived,”分析可知研究人员发现Arabidopsis中的主要成分Arabidopsis能让植物在干旱的条件下生存，故选C。
10．C. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the experiment,we targeted the staple foods of the world—rice,wheat and maize—and the basic plant of breeding species,rapeseed,”可知在实验中，主要针对大米，小麦和玉米等。故选C。
11．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句“Kim…he's already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知Kim已与对此感兴趣的花卉种植公司联系，也就是吸引这些公司。故选D。
【考点精准说】3----→首尾呼应的写作方法
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
【真题对点析】3
（2020·天津高考真题） After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
1．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.
A．propose a definition
B．make a comparison
C．reach a conclusion
D．present an argument
2．What does the example of Galileo tell us?
A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
B．Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C．Creativity results from challenging authority.
D．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
3．What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?
A．Observe the unknown around you.
B．Develop a questioning mind.
C．Lead a life of adventure.
D．Follow the fashion.
4．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A．Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B．The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D．You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
5．What could be the best tile or the passage?
A．Curious Minds Never Feel Contented
B．Reflections on Human Nature
C．The Keys to Achievement
D．Never Too Late to Learn
【答案】
1．D2．D3．B4．C5．C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
1．
推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
2．
推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。
3．
细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。
4．
推理判断题。根据第六段中的How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.及第七段中的You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.以及列举了Thomas Costain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Moses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。
5．
主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys to Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。

【对点模拟练】3
Lacrosse (曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.
People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is a net. There are ten players on each team. Each player has a stick called “ cross”. The player hit a ball into the net as many times as possible. Lacrosse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks. Players often get great fun it playing lacrosse.
There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.
At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.
1.The passage is mainly about ___________.
A. How to Play Lacrosse
B. Lacrosse in Canada
C. The History of Lacrosse
D. Lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada
【答案】D
【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。
【考点精准说】4---→中心主题在文章中或隐含在全文之中无明确的主题句
通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
【真题对点析】4
【2020全国卷2D】
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.335
32．Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A．Cooperative. B．Uneasy. C．Inseparable. D．Casual.
33．What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Pleasure from working in the library.
B．Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C．Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D．A closer bond developed with the readers.
34．What does the author call on other writers to do?
A．Sponsor book fairs. B．Write for social media.
C．Support libraries. D．Purchase her novels.
35．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B．My Idea about writing
C．Library: A Haven for the Young
D．My Love of the Library
【答案】32．C33．B34．C35．D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33．词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可推断，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
35．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
【对点模拟练】4
Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.
Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No. Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or-her. Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly. There is generally a misunderstanding (误解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.
65. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A. where handshaking was first practised
B. how handshaking came about
C. about the relationship between handshaking and trade
D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。在文章第一段说明了握手的来历。实际上也就是谈论握手是怎样产生的。
67. The main purpose of the text is ______.
A. to tell us some differences between the East and the West
B. to offer us some important facts about handshaking
C. to introduce us to some different customs in the West
D. to give us some advice before we travel abroad
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。本文没有明确主题句，中心主题隐含在全文之中。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了握手的一些具体情况。
Part 3强化集训
【真题模测】
Passage1
(2020·新课标II卷B)
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.242
24．In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A．Building confidence. B．Developing spatial skills.
C．Learning self-control. D．Gaining high-tech knowledge.
25．What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？
A．Parents’ age. B．Children’s imagination.
C．Parents’ education. D．Child-parent relationship.
26．How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?
A．They play with puzzles more often.
B．They tend to talk less during the game.
C．They prefer to use more spatial language.
D．They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
27．What is the text mainly about?
A．A mathematical method. B．A scientific study.
C．A woman psychologist D．A teaching program.
【答案】24．B25．C26．D27．B
【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中…found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。
26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
Passage2
(2017·新课标II卷，C)
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle —named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.
28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The basic data of the Transition.
B. The advantages of flying cars.
C. The potential market for flying cars.
D. The designers of the Transition.
29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?
A. It causers traffic jams.
B. It is difficult to operate.
C. It is very expensive.
D. It burns too much fuel.
30. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?
A. Cautious B. Favorable.
C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
31. What is the best title for the text?
A. Flying Car at Auto Show
B. The Transition’s First Flight
C. Pilots’ Dream Coming True
D. Flying Car Closer to Reality
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Terrafugia公司研制出了飞车，试飞成功，预计将于明年进行销售。本文主要对飞车的历史由来及其构架进行了介绍。
28.A 【解析】段落大意题。根据“The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.”可知选A。
29.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost
$279,000”可知，因为Transition 的价格较高，所以不太可能在太多的马路上出现。故选C。
30.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“he government has already permitted the company to use special materials to
make it easier for the vehicle to fly”以及“Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraf”可知，政府对于飞车的研发是比较支持的。故选B。
31.D 【解析】标题归纳题。浏览全文，主要从飞车的试飞成功、飞车的构架以及多年以前人们对飞车的
设想至今成为现实展开说明。故选D。
Passage3
（2018·全国新课标卷II，D）
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.
32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addiction to smartphones.
B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C. Absence of communication between strangers.
D. Impatience with slow service.
33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?
A. Showing good manners. B. Relating to other people.
C. Focusing on a topic. D. Making business deals.
34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?
A. It improves family relationships. B. It raises people’s confidence.
C. It matters as much as a formal talk. D. It makes people feel good.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small Talk
C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。
32. C 【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。
33. B 【解析】推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故选B项。
34. D 【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。
35. C 【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。
【典题模测】
Passage1
For some people, walking or running outdoors is a great way to work out. What may not be so pleasant is seeing trash all over the ground. Well, some people are doing something about it. They are plogging!
“Plogging” began in Sweden. The name combines the Swedish word “plocka,” which means to pick up, and the word Jogging, which means to run slowly. A Swedish man named Erik, started the movement in 2016. On the World Environment
Day website, Erik says that he moved to Stockholm from a small community in northern Sweden each day he would ride his bike to work. Concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work, he took matters into his own hands.
Plogging, by that term, may have officially begun in Sweden. But many people who exercise outdoors have been doing this for years. Take Jeff Horowitz for example. He is a personal trainer in Washington, D．C．He often picks up trash while running outside. He even has turned it into a game; he will try to pick up the trash without stopping. “I didn’t know it was a thing really. This is just my personal ethics (道德标准), where I go for a run and if I happen to see a piece of garbage lying around and it’s within reach — it is a kind of a little test for me to see if I can grab it and throw it in a near trash can without stopping. And that way, I think, it gives me a little exercise and a little focus for my run. And it helps clean up the neighborhood,” he announced.
Today, plogging is an official activity, one that is becoming increasingly popular. Cities around the world now hold logging events, “I would just hope people would think twice before dropping a garbage on the ground. We have containers seems on every block. So, it’s easy to put your garbage in the trash cans. I just think people should think about it a little bit more. I do hope one day there will not be a need for plogging.” said an interviewee.
6．Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “took matters into his own hands”?
A．called on people to join him. B．appealed to people to go green.
C．began to pick up the trash. D．had the collected trash recycled.
7．What does the example of Jeff Horowitz tell us?
A．Plogging comes naturally to joggers who care about the environment.
B．Plogging is an easy way to clean the environment.
C．It doesn’t make any sense to joy without picking up trash.
D．It is better to clean up the neighborhood by plogging.
8．What is the idea that Logging events are meant to promote?
A．Jogging is truly beneficial. B．Trash cans should be within reach.
C．Littering is not acceptable. D．Communities should be kept clean.
9．What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A．New Exercise Enjoys unbelievable popularity
B．New Exercise Trend Also Helps Environment
C．Plogging — a Fashionable Way to clear waste
D．Plogging — an Exercise Originating in Sweden
【答案】
6．C7．A8．C9．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项新型户外运动拾荒慢跑。此运动开始于瑞典，参加运动的人边慢跑边捡起地上的垃圾，意在倡导人们保护环境，养成不乱扔垃圾的好习惯。如今它已是一项官方运动。
6．
词义猜测题。根据前文“Concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work”（Erik 担心他每天上班路上看到的垃圾和垃圾的数量。）可知，此处的“he took matters into his own hands.”应表示他自己来处理这件事，即开始捡垃圾。故C项“他开始捡起垃圾”符合题意。故选C项。
7．
推理判断题。根据第四段“I didn’t know it was a thing really. This is just my personal ethics (道德标准), where I go for a run and if I happen to see a piece of garbage lying around and it’s within reach — it is a kind of a little test for me to see if I can grab it and throw it in a near trash can without stopping.”（我不知道这是真的。这只是我的个人道德，我去跑步，如果我碰巧看到一块垃圾躺在周围，而且它就在我的触手可及的地方——这对我来说是一个小小的考验，看看我是否能不停下来地捡起它，并把它扔到附近的垃圾桶里。）可知捡起垃圾已经成为 Jeff Horowitz 一件无意识的，习以为常的事情。故选A 项。
8．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“I would just hope people would think twice before dropping a garbage on the ground.”（我只希望人们在扔垃圾之前三思而后行。）可知，拾荒慢跑者旨在促进乱丢垃圾是不可接受的这一想法，故选C项。
9．
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Today, logging is an official activity, one that is becoming increasingly popular.”（如今，拾荒慢跑已成为一项官方活动，而且越来越受欢迎。）再结合文章主要内容为拾荒慢跑这种新的运动趋势不仅能使锻炼高效，同时有助于保护环境。故选 B项。
Passage2
Students are sitting in a classroom at P.S.54, a public elementary school in Brooklyn, New York. When their teacher, Adrienne Heim, strikes a bell, they take a deep breath.
The kids are practicing mindfulness. That means they are learning to pay attention to the present moment. Why?
Being mindful can help people stay calm and focused, according to Heim. She is the founder of Green Generations. The organization brings mindfulness classes to eight schools in New York City.
Isafye Lewis, 10, has been taking in the class at P.S.54 for two years. "Mindfulness teaches me to relax, " he told TFK. "It really helps me feel better when I'm sad or angry."
At P.S.54, students practice mindfulness through deep breathing, movement, and relaxation exercises. But Heim says that mindfulness is about more than just staying calm. It also boosts confidence. "It helps children have a right attitude, " She says, "so they can make healthy decisions."
Recent research published in Developmental Psychology supports this view. The study also found that mindfulness training can help kids succeed in school. That's because it trains the brain to pay attention and manage stress.
"It doesn't solve math equations for kids," Mariam Gates, author of This Moment Is Your Life, told TFK. "But what mindfulness does for all of us is help us focus on the moment we're in, which is the only place we can learn, change, or grow."
But you don't have to be in a classroom to practice mindfulness. Gates says, "You can always bring your attention to this moment and change how you experience it."
1．Why do the students take a deep breath when the teacher strikes a bell?
A．They are afraid of the teacher. B．They are practising mindfullness.
C．They are taking an exam. D．They are having singing class.
2．What does Isafye learn from mindfulness?
A．How to take it easy. B．How to stay focused.
C．How to stop being sad. D．How to get high grades.
3．What does the underlined word "boosts" in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．shakes. B．studies. C．raises. D．requires.
4．What did Mariam Gates say about mindfulness?
A．It does litle to help kids' studies. B．It helps kids make decisions.
C．It makes kids less stressful. D．It helps kids pay attention.
5．What is this text mainly about?
A．An organization centered on mindfulness. B．A new study on mindfulness.
C．An introduction to mindfulness. D．The influences of mindfulness.
【答案】
1．B2．A3．C4．D5．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章通过几个例子讲述了，练习正念的好处。
1．
细节理解题。由第二段中的“The kids are practicing mindfulness.”（孩子们正在练习正念减压法。），可知老师打铃时，学生们要深呼吸是因为他们正在练习正念。故选B项。
2．
细节理解题。由第四段中的“Isafye Lewis, 10, has been taking in the class at P.S.54 for two years. "Mindfulness teaches me to relax, " he told TFK.”（10岁的Isafye Lewis已经参加了两年的P.S.54课程。”“正念教会我放松，”他告诉TFK。），可知Isafye从正念中学到了如何放松。故选A项。
3．
词义猜测题。由第五段中的“At P.S.54, students practice mindfulness through deep breathing, movement, and relaxation exercises. But Heim says that mindfulness is about more than just staying calm.”（在P.S.54，学生们通过深呼吸、运动和放松练习来练习正念。但海姆说正念不仅仅是保持冷静。）和“"It helps children have a right attitude, " She says, "so they can make healthy decisions."”（她说：“这有助于孩子们树立正确的态度，这样他们才能做出健康的决定。”），可知本段主要讲正念的好处，可知boosts在此处意为“raises（提升）”，“It also boosts confidence.”（正念也提升了信心）。故选C项。
4．
细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“But what mindfulness does for all of us is help us focus on the moment we're in, which is the only place we can learn, change, or grow.”（但是正念对我们所有人的作用是帮助我们专注于我们所处的那一刻，这是我们唯一可以学习、改变或成长的地方。”），可知Mariam Gates认为正念能帮助我们所有人专注于我们所处的那一刻，即帮助我们所有人（包括孩子们）集中注意力。故选D项。
5．
主旨大意题。第一二段通过纽约布鲁克林的一所公立小学P.S.54的教室里的学生活动导入“正念”这个话题，第三段介绍了在八所学校开设正念课程的海姆，第四五六七段讲练习正念的好处，最后一段讲练习正念的方法，本文主要是对正念的介绍。故选C项。

Passage3
Music icon Bob Dylan will not attend the Nobel ceremony in December because he has other commitments, the Swedish Academy said on Wednesday.
"The Swedish Academy received a personal letter from Bob Dylan yesterday where he explained that he could not make himself available in December...," it said in a statement.
"He wishes that he could accept the award personally, but other commitments make it unfortunately impossible. He underlined that he felt incredibly honored by the Nobel Prize," it added. The Swedish Academy said it respected Dylan’s decision, but that it was "unusual" for a Nobel laureate not to come to Stockholm to accept the award in person. Nobel laureates are honored every year on December 10 — the death anniversary of the prize’s founder Alfred Nobel, a Swedish industrialist, inventor and philanthropist.
Several other literature prize winners have skipped the Nobel ceremony in the past for various reasons — British writer Doris Lessing on grounds of ill health, British playwright Harold Pinter because he was hospitalized and Austrian playwright and novelist Elfriede Jelinek due to social phobia.
"We look forward to Bob Dylan’s Nobel lecture, which he must carry out — it is the only requirement — within six months starting from December 10, 2016," the academy said.
1．What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.receiving a personal letter B.expressing himself in a statement
C.feeling honored by the award D.accepting the award personally
2．What is the Swedish Academy's attitude towards Bob Dylan’s decision?
A.supportive B.opposite C.indifferent D.tolerant
3．What is the best title of the passage?
A.The Nobel Prize Goes to Music Icon Bob Dylan
B.Laureate Bob Dylan Will Be Absent for the Nobel Ceremony
C.Bob Dylan — a Music Icon Who Won the Nobel Prize
D.A Great Anniversary Event — the Nobel Ceremony
4．According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A.Bob Dylan informed the Swedish Academy of his absence by telephone.
B.The Nobel ceremony is in memory of the birth of the prize’s founder.
C.Elfriede skipped the Nobel ceremony because of physical illness.
D.According to the Swedish Academy, the deadline of Dylan’s lecture is June 10, 2017.
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了2016年诺贝尔文学奖的获得者Bob Dylan缺席颁奖仪式的故事。
1．D 【解析】代词指代题。根据第三段的"He wishes that he could accept the award personally"可推知,此处的it代指的是亲自去领奖。
2．D 【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段的"The Swedish Academy said it respected Dylan’s decision, but that it was ‘unusual’ for a Nobel laureate not to come to Stockholm to accept the award in person."可知,瑞典文学院对Dylan的缺席表示尊重。A项意为"支持的",B项意为"相反的",C项意为"漠不关心",均与文章中瑞典文学院对Dylan缺席领奖的态度不符,故排除。
3．B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段"Music icon Bob Dylan will not attend the Nobel ceremony in December because he has other commitments, the Swedish Academy said on Wednesday."可推知,本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍了2016年诺贝尔文学奖获得者Bob Dylan缺席颁奖仪式的事件。
4．D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段"‘We look forward to Bob Dylan’s Nobel lecture, which he must carry out — it is the only requirement — within six months starting from December 10, 2016,’ the academy said."可知，Bob Dylan演讲的最后期限是2017年6月10号。根据第二段的"The Swedish Academy received a personal letter from Bob Dylan yesterday"可知，Bob Dylan是通过信件来告知瑞典文学院自己将缺席颁奖仪式的，而不是电话；根据第三段的"Nobel laureates are honored every year on December 10 — the death anniversary of the prize's founder Alfred Nobel"可知，诺贝尔奖颁奖仪式的举行日是Alfred Nobel逝世的日子，而不是诞辰；根据第四段的"Austrian playwright and novelist Elfriede Jelinek due to social phobia"可知，Elfriede Jelinek缺席是因为社交恐惧症，这是一种精神疾病，而不是身体疾病。