2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密14阅读理解之推理判断题含解析

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密14阅读理解之推理判断题含解析，共35页。

解密14阅读理解之推理判断题
序号
题型
真题
Part 1
解密高考
考点综述 备考建议
Part 2
对点解密
考点精准说1... 真题对点析1... 对点模拟练1...
Part 3
强化集训
真题模测、典题模测




Part 1解密高考
【考点综述】
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有：
1. It can be inferred from the text that…
2. We can conclude that…
3. When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that…
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
【备考建议】
从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7％-10％，根据高考对阅读理解之推理判断题的考察，在复习备考中，考生应该从以下五大题型注意复习：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。
Part 2对点解密
【考点精准说】1----→细节推断题
常见的设问方式：
It can be inferred from the passage/text that_________.
The author mainly suggests that ________.
It can be concluded from the passage that_______.
The writer implies but not directly states _______.
What does the author imply about newspapers?
细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
干扰项特点：
1. 文章中直接用于表达细节的信息
2. 文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论
3. 与文章内容完全相反的结论
4. 不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。
解题技巧
1. 要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
2. 要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。
3. 注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。
【真题对点析】1
（2020·全国卷1，B）
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24．Why does the author like rereading?
A．It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B．It’s a window to a whole new world.
C．It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding of oneself.
25．What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?
A．It’s a brief account of a trip.
B．It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C．It’s a record of a historic event.
D．It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26．What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Debt
B．Reward.
C．Allowance.
D．Face value.
27．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He loves poetry.
B．He’s an editor.
C．He’s very ambitious.
D．He teaches reading.
【答案】24．D25．B26．B27．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
26．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。
【对点模拟练】1
The bus screamed to a stop in Nazareth, Israel. Five Australian backpackers boarded and struck up a conversation with me. They asked typical travelers’ questions—where was I going and why was I traveling alone? My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn’t pick up and I had no other way to reach her. My stomach was in knots, but I decided to head out anyway, thinking I might run into her if I traveled to Tiberius, where we had planned to go together.
“Why don’t you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered. They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, then travel for as long as they could. Their current plan was to explore the Middle East and Europe in three months while working in London.
It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes. For the next two weeks, I explored Israel with the backpackers and learned to trust my instincts in all types of new and interesting situations. When they hook a ride, I took the bus, but when they wanted to steal into the King David Hotel’s swimming pool, I led the way. The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone. I joined complete strangers, who become close friends. Years later, one couple from the backpacking group even flew from Sydney to Phoenix to be in my wedding. The trip was such a special experience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life. Since then, I’ve backpacked alone across South Africa, sky-dived from 12,000 feet in New Zealand and even moved across the U.S. with no job lined up.
On my third day wandering in Israel with my new friends, I bumped into the woman I was supposed to meet. Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadn’t picked up the phone.
1. By “My stomach was in knots” (in paragraph 1), the author most likely means that she was ______.
A. sick of riding on a bumpy bus B. nervous of meeting strangers
C. upset about the sudden change D. sorry about the impractical plan
2. Which of the following best describes the backpackers the author met?
A. Courageous but disrespectful. B. Jobless and poorly educated.
C. Warmhearted and trustworthy. D. Homeless but lighthearted.
3. The author’s sixth sense told her that ______.
A. she would get along with the backpackers
B. it might cause trouble to have a swim
C. she ought to stay away from the backpackers
D. it could add excitement to get a free ride
4. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Most of the backpackers became the author’s lifelong friends.
B. The author gathered the courage to be a fulltime backpack traveler.
C. The woman missed the phone call with the purpose of traveling alone.
D. The author considered it the best decision of her life to travel on her own.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者原本与朋友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子，她决定一个人去。途中她遇见了五个背包客，这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游，她和这些人一起经历了美好的几天，并和他们成了好朋友。
1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据前文“My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn’t pick up and I had no other way to reach her.”可知作者被朋友放鸽子了，被放鸽子肯定是失望的，C项（因为突然的变化而感到沮丧的）最符合作者此时的心情，所以选C。
2.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据““Why don’t you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游，说明他们很热心；根据“ They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, then travel for as long as they could”可知这些背包客旅游经验很丰富，所以是值得信任的，综合选C。
3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据“It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes.”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游时，她的本能（instinct）也就是第六感说了“好”，也就是说她的第六感让她相信她能和这些背包客相处的很好，才会答应他们的邀请，故选A。
4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据“The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone.”可知作者觉得自己选择一个人旅游让自己看到了更大的世界，再结合最后一句“Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadn’t picked up the phone.”可知作者庆幸她的朋友没有接她的电话。由此可以判断作者认为自己选择一个人去旅行是一个很好的决定，故选D。
【考点精准说】2--→预测推断题
常见的设问方式：
What do you think will happen when/if…?
At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write _______.
The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about_______.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph?
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，这就要求考生根据语篇内容，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推断。作这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较准确的、合情合理的猜测。
解题技巧
做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。







【真题对点析】2
（2018﹒新课标全国卷Ⅱ，B）
Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.
When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.zx.x.k
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxidants.
25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?
A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.
C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.
26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert. B. A drink.
C. A container. D. A machine.
27. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。
24. C 【解析】细节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜欢樱桃什么。根据第二段中As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?（至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。

26. D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出a juicer就是一台机器。故选D。
27. B 【解析】文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以用a juicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A项意为：生物教科书；B项意为：一本健康杂志；C项意为：一篇研究论文；D项意为：一本旅游手册。故选B。
【对点模拟练】2
In 1971 we were living in Wichita, Kansas — Lincoln was about seven, Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby. Mom was staying with us during the holidays. On Christmas Eve I stayed up very late. I was totally alone with my thoughts, alternating between joy and sorrow, and I got to think about my paper route(送报), that tree, what my mother had said to me and how dad had tried to make things better.
I heard a noise in the kitchen and discovered that it was Mom. She couldn’t sleep either and had gotten up to make herself a cup of hot tea which made her feel better. As she waited for the water to boil, she walked into the living room and discovered me there. She saw my open Bible and asked me what I was reading. When I told her, she asked if I would read it to her and I did.
When the kettle began to whistle, she went and made her tea. She came back. I told her how happy I was that she was with us for Christmas and how I wished that Dad could have lived to see his grandchildren and to enjoy this time because he always loved Christmas so much. She went very quiet for a moment and then she said,"Do you remember that time on Twelve Mile Road when you bought that tree with your paper route money?"
"Yes,"I said,"I’ve just been thinking about it you know."
She hesitated for a long moment, as though something was bottled up so deeply inside her soul that it might take courage to get it out. Finally, great tears rolled down her face and she cried,"Oh, son, please forgive me. That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twenty-five years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said."
What is likely to be described in the next paragraph?
A. How they would celebrate the Christmas.
B. How the author’s father supported the family.
C. What happened to the author’s parents in the past.
D. The reason for the author’s parents’ divorce.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。我和三个孩子以及我的母亲居住在一起。圣诞前夜,我熬夜未睡,意外发现母亲也未入睡,当我们回忆往事时,她失声痛哭。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段母亲所说的话" That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twenty-five years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said"可推知,母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事,对自己所做的事感到难过;据此可以判断,下文将叙述发生在作者父母身上的故事,故C项正确。
【考点精准说】3----→文章来源或读者对象题
常见的设问方式：
This passage would most likely be found in _______.
The passage is probably taken out of ________.
Where is the passage most likely from?
文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出答案。
【真题对点析】3
（2019·全国卷I ，C）
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。
31.D 【解析】推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选D。
【对点模拟练】3
When 6-year-old Tarryn Henkelman walked through a giant blue box filled with toys, she knew exactly what she wanted. When she and her parents walked out of the Goodwill on Pavilion Lane, she held a fold-up blue minibike tightly to her chest. Her old minibike recently broke, and she wanted to move around her neighborhood on two wheels once again.
She hadn’t walked into the store expecting a present, but as she and her family walked past the counter they got a holiday surprise when Todd Wakefield, Goodwill’s Senior Director of Retail, delivered some good news. "All kids today, all day long, you can get one free toy, or free kids’ book," he said, announcing a special treat made possible by an anonymous(匿名的) donor.
Nearly a decade ago, one Fort Collins man cut a check covering the cost of every toy in the store and repeated it every year, so that any child who walks through the front door can pick out something to take home for free.
He said he did not need recognition for his act of kindness, but said that this day had become an important part of his family’s Christmas tradition. As kids crowded around plastic boxes overflowing with toys, he and his wife quietly took in the scene before slipping out the front door, unnoticed. Store staff members set aside extra toys in the day leading up to the surprise giveaway to make sure that no child left empty-handed on Saturday.
Wakefield was the store manager at the Fort Collins Goodwill the first year the anonymous donor walked through the front door and asked to buy up the toy section. Even though Wakefield has since taken a job at Goodwill’s corporate office, he made a point of coming to this yearly event. "We’ve got some amazing people throughout our community," he said. "This is what our business runs on, people willing to give and help their community."
1．Why did Tarryn Henkelman want a minibike?
A.To learn to ride it. B.To surprise her neighbors.
C.To show it off before her family. D.To bike around her community.
2．What was a holiday surprise for Tarryn Henkelman?
A.A donor gave money to her.
B.A stranger treated her to a present.
C.The store donated a toy to her.
D.Her parents bought a minibike for her.
3．Which words can describe the Fort Collins man?
A.Considerate and smart. B.Helpful and optimistic.
C.Generous and kind-hearted. D.Sympathetic and easy-going.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位匿名的捐赠者把Goodwill商店玩具区里的所有物品购买下来，然后作为礼物赠送给孩子们的故事，展现了捐赠者慷慨善良的高尚品质，弘扬了社会正能量。
1．D 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的最后一句"Her old minibike recently broke, and she wanted to move around her neighborhood on two wheels once again"可知，她原来的车坏了，所以她想得到一辆新车，然后再绕着她居住的社区骑行。故选D。
2．B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的最后一句"‘All kids today, all day long, you can get one free toy, or free kids’ book,’ he said, announcing a special treat made possible by an anonymous(匿名的) donor"及最后一段中的"asked to buy up the toy section"可知，一位匿名的捐赠者买下了Goodwill商店玩具区里的所有物品，并将其中的玩具和儿童读物免费赠送给来到店里的孩子们，故Tarryn Henkelman的节日惊喜是得到了捐赠者送的礼物，故选B。
3．C 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"one Fort Collins man cut a check covering the cost of every toy in the store... for free"可知，这个匿名的捐赠者开出了支票来购买Goodwill商店玩具区里的所有物品，以让每一个来到商店的孩子都能够免费得到一个礼物，故可推知这个匿名的捐赠者是慷慨的、善良的。
【考点精准说】4---→写作意图推测题
常见的设问方式：
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.
The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.
The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________.
The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。
【真题对点析】4
（2019·北京卷·D）
By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物)called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”
42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
43. What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial C. Significant D. Unnoticeable
44. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
45. What is the main purpose of the passage？
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。
42. B 【解析】段落大意题。第一段“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合第二段“At the heart phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。
43. A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunshine and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s wamning trend”可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。可知A项正确。
44. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters ,such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener”,可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。分析选项可知D项符合题意。
45. C 【解析】目的意图题。第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warning trendWarming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, …”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋的影响。故选C。
【对点模拟练】4
Jamey Turner often performs to large crowds in Old Town Alexandria, Virginia. You can find him playing an unusual musical instrument, the glass harp(竖琴),near Alexandria’s historic waterfront.
A glass harp is made up of different-sized drinking glasses, each containing water. Turner makes music by running his fingers over the tops of the glasses. By doing so, each glass makes a different musical sound.
Turner is 78 years old now. He became interested in playing the glass harp at the age of six, when he heard his father playing with a glass of water at the dinner table. He has been playing it for 50 years.
Today Turner puts together his instrument by placing 60 different glasses on a wooden soundboard. He holds the glasses in place with rubber bands, which keeps them from breaking. He then adds different amounts of water to each one to create different musical notes. Adding or taking away just a little water will change the sound. Adding water to a glass will make a lower sound. The smaller bowls of water produce a higher sound, while the larger ones produce a lower, deeper sound.
Turner always uses low-priced glass because it sounds better than costly crystal(水晶)and he has more control over the sound. Before buying new glasses, he will test them in stores.
The glass harp was popular 300 years ago when composers like Wolfgang Mozart wrote music for the instrument. There have been about 400 pieces of music written just for the glass harp. But Turner plays all kinds of music, even popular music from China. Few people play the glass harp these days, but Turner says he sees videos of people experimenting with the instrument on the Internet. He hopes the next generation will continue making their music.
1．What do we know about Turner?
A.He began playing the glass harp at six.
B.He often teaches glass harp lessons online.
C.He is a great master of the Chinese language.
D.He was inspired by his father to learn the glass harp.
2．What does the author say about the glass harp?
A.Its inventor is Wolfgang Mozart.
B.It is made up of glasses of the same size.
C.It appears to be gaining in popularity today.
D.Its sounds are affected by the amount of water in the glasses.
3．Why does Turner prefer to use cheap glass?
A.To save money. B.To produce better sounds.
C.To help recycle drinking glasses. D.To increase difficulty in performing.
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A.A Musician Pleases Crowds by Playing Glasses
B.Playing the Glass Harp: a New Trend
C.Jamey Turner’s Dream Coming True
D.Wonderful Music Has No Borders
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文，杰米·特纳经常在弗吉尼亚州亚历山大人群密集的地方演奏玻璃竖琴音乐:敲击不同大小的盛水的玻璃杯,发出动听的乐声。他不仅能演奏玻璃竖琴专门乐曲,还能用它演奏中国流行音乐。
1．D 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句"He became interested in playing the glass harp at the age of six, when he heard his father playing with a glass of water at the dinner table"可知,在六岁时,杰米·特纳听到父亲在餐桌上用一玻璃杯水演奏音乐,开始对玻璃竖琴产生兴趣;据此可知,D项正确。
2．D 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段第三、四句"He then adds different amounts of water to each one to create different musical notes. Adding or taking away just a little water will change the sound. "可知,杯子中水的量不同,产生的音调也不同;添加或去掉少量水就会改变声音。据此可知,玻璃竖琴的声音受杯子中水的量的影响,故D项正确。
3．B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句"Turner always uses low-priced glass because it sounds better than costly crystal(水晶)and he has more control over the sound"可知,特纳总是使用低价玻璃杯是因为其声音听起来比昂贵的水晶杯好听,故B项正确。
4．A 【解析】考查标题判断。根据第一段第一、二句"Jamey Turner often performs to large crowds in Old Town Alexandria, Virginia. You can find him playing an unusual musical instrument, the glass harp(竖琴),near Alexandria’s historic waterfront"并结合全文内容可知,本文主要讲述了一位音乐家为人群演奏玻璃竖琴的故事。故A项最适合作本文标题。

【考点精准说】5---→人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题


高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。
（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
干扰项特点：
1. 是自己的某种看法或观点
2. 是社会的一种普遍种倾向
3. 是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等
解题技巧：
1. 问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中表达感情色彩的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；
2. 如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。
【真题对点析】5
（2019·北京卷·C）
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately，it's too little，too late. By the time these “solutions"(解决方案)become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future，it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.
That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 处理 ) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human –sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches(数据侵入)of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother 's name ，and far more. Armed with this knowledge. they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means. for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller 's，ricking you into "confirming " your address，mother's name，and card number. Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by. or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.
38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robecalls?
A. Panicked. B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.
39. taking advantage of the new technologies，scammer can______.
A. aim at victims precisely B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly D. spread information widely
40. What does the passage imply?
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edited.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Roboealls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。
38. D 【解析】观点态度题。根据第一段中的“We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto clever means”可知，最后，我们通过支持和开发一组旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，认识到了问题的严重性。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D选项正确。
39.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number”可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的运动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故A选项正确。
40.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的作用，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故B选项正确。
41.C 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话: 自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故C选项适合作标题。
【对点模拟练】5
As more Europeans arrived in America 500 years ago, they were in such great need of the land that they and the native American Indians battled constantly. By the end of the 19th century, most Indian tribes(部落)were moved to reservations. A lot of their children were taken away to boarding schools to learn to speak English. By the end of the 20th century, more than half of the Native Americans in the US were living in cities. They gave up speaking their old tribal language and only used English. As a result, many Native American languages disappeared and with that their culture.
Today some American Indian languages are usually spoken by the older members of the tribes who still live on the reservations. In North America there are 150—170 languages that have at least one speaker. One ancient language spoken by the Northern Paiute tribe has over 100 speakers.
But the good news is that some of these people are keeping their culture and language alive. They are also receiving help from the National Geographic Society’s Enduring Voices project, whose aim is to help languages around the world which are dying out. The team meets these "last speakers". The experts interview them and they are recorded with video, pictures and so on.They also tell old stories which are written down in English so people can learn more about the cultures.
Recording the language and culture is only part of the project. The next stage is to pass on the language to the next generation. The Salish tribe is an excellent example of how schools can help. The tribe lives on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. Their language is spoken by about 50 people aged over 75. So now, the local people have set up a school. It has 30 students aged two to twelve during the day and there are also courses for adults in the evening.
1．Why did Europeans fight with the American Indians?
A.To live in American cities. B.To occupy more living space.
C.To have Indians speak English. D.To make Indian cultures disappear.
2．What does the underlined word "They" refer to in Paragraph 3?
A.The experts. B.The recordings.
C.The Indian cultures. D.The last speakers.
3．What can we know about the Salish tribe?
A.It has its own language school. B.It has given up speaking English.
C.Its next generation speaks English. D.Its language is only learnt by adults.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Learning American Indian Languages
B.Researching on American Indian Languages
C.Saving American Indian Languages
D.Finding Lost American Indian Languages
【语篇解读】本文属于说明文,介绍了美洲印第安人的语言和文化正在逐渐消失,为了传承这些语言和文化,专家们和印第安人部落正在采取措施,比如将印第安人语言录制下来,开办学校教授这些语言等。
1．B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"As more Europeans...they were in such great need of the land that they and the native American Indians battled constantly"信息可知,欧洲人是为了获得更多的生存空间,才会不停地与美洲印第安人打仗。
2．D 【解析】考查代词指代。本句前面谈到能讲美洲当地语言的人很少了,专家们就采访能说这些语言的人,并录像或拍照保存下来;本句是说"这批最后的语言使用者"还讲述自己文化中古老的故事,这些故事被用英语记载下来,以便让更多的人了解他们的文化。可见这里的"They"指代的是前面谈到的"last speakers"。
3．A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Their language is spoken by about 50 people aged over 75. So now, the local people have set up a school"信息可知,Salish 部落现在有自己的语言学校,教孩子们学习自己的部落语言,还给成年人提供夜校语言课程,故选A。
4．C 【解析】考查标题判断。本文主要谈到了美洲印第安人的语言在逐渐消失,专家们和印第安人部落正在采取措施保护这些语言。故选C。
Part 3强化集训
【真题模测】
Passage1
(2020全国卷2C)When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.318
28．What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A．To promote guilt-free fur.
B．To expand the fashion market.
C．To introduce a new brand.
D．To celebrate a winter holiday.
29．Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A．Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B．Nutria are an endangered species.
C．Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D．Nutria are illegally hunted.
30．What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Boomed. B．Became mature. C．Remained stable. D．Crashed.
31．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A．It’s formal. B．It’s risky. C．It’s harmful. D．It’s traditional.
【答案】28．A29．A30．D31．B
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
30．词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。

Passage2
（2020·全国卷·D）
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.335
32．Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A．Cooperative. B．Uneasy. C．Inseparable. D．Casual.
33．What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Pleasure from working in the library.
B．Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C．Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D．A closer bond developed with the readers.
34．What does the author call on other writers to do?
A．Sponsor book fairs. B．Write for social media.
C．Support libraries. D．Purchase her novels.
35．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B．My Idea about writing
C．Library: A Haven for the Young
D．My Love of the Library
【答案】32．C33．B34．C35．D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33．词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可推断，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
35．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。

Passage3
（2017·新课标全国卷Ⅲ·D）
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
9. What is the purpose of the Drivel AB?
A. To explore new means of transport.
B. To design new types of cars.
C. To find out older driver`s problems.
D. To teach people traffic rules.
10. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A. It keeps them independent.
B. It helps them save time.
C. It builds up their strength.
D. It cures their mental illnesses.
11. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A. Improve their driving skills.
B. Develop driver-assist technologies.
C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D. Organize regular physical checkups.
12. What is the best title for the text?
A. A New Model Electric Car
B. A Solution to Traffic Problem
C. Driving Service for Elders
D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
9. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章首段内容可知，研制DriveLAB的目的是为了更好地了解老年司机所面 临的挑战，从而发现关键的压力承受点。学@科网

11. B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后三段内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术来 帮助老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多独立的生活。
12. D【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款 “DriveLAB”来研究如何帮助 解决老年司机在开车时候遇到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。

【典题模测】
Passage1
Many students study with little thought about what comes after a period of study. But what you do after study could have an effect on how well you learn and remember new information. Today on Education Tips, we will explore two no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep.
When many students finish study, they often go straight to other activities such as looking at their phones or computers, playing video games or watching TV. But researches suggest that resting after you study may help you remember what you have studied. By reducing your activity after a study period, your brain gets a chance to rest. Resting is difficult when you have too much stimulation from electronic devices, games, lights and so on. While this might sound unusual to you, many studies have explored the benefits of what is called “wakeful rest”.
A 2019 study found that both young and older adults were able to better remember or recollect information from passages after doing wakeful rest. The findings appeared in Neuroscience Letters. This study involved 45 younger people and 40 elderly adults. “Wakeful rest led to higher overall recollection in both age groups,” the researchers noted. If you want to give it a try, here are a few simple things to do. Rest quietly for five to ten minutes. Do not look at your phone, read stories or play games.
In addition to wakeful rest, sleep is also important for learning. The Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School notes that sleep helps people to learn in two ways. A report on the school's website explains that “a person who doesn't have enough sleep cannot focus attention and therefore cannot learn well.” It also says, “Sleep itself has a role in improving memory, which is important for learning new information.”
1．What should students do after study according to the passage?
A．Play video games. B．Watch TV.
C．Look at their phones. D．Rest for a while.
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．A phone. B．A game. C．Wakeful rest. D．Some information.
3．What will happen to the people without enough sleep?
A．They cannot concentrate attention.
B．They are likely to lose interest in games.
C．They become more interested in new information.
D．They can remember new information more quickly.
4．Who will most probably be interested in the text?
A．Actors. B．Drivers. C．Students. D．Engineers.
5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Findings on Sleep B．Things to Do after Study
C．Suggestions on Education D．Activities to Stay Energetic
【答案】
1．D2．C3．A4．C5．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为“清醒式休息”的休息方式，指在学习后停止活动，让大脑有机会休息，从而能更好地记住所学知识。文章还介绍如何进行清醒式休息，指出除了清醒式休息，睡眠对学习也很重要，介绍了睡眠对人们的影响。
1．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But researches suggest that resting after you study may help you remember what you have studied.(但是研究表明，学习后休息可以帮助你记住所学的知识)”可知，文章中指出，学生学习后应该休息一会儿。故选D。
2．
词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Wakeful rest led to higher overall recollection in both age groups(在两个年龄组中，清醒式休息能提高整体记忆力)”可知，画线词所在句意思是：如果你想尝试一下清醒式休息，这里有一些简单的事情可以做。即it指的是“清醒式休息”。故选C。
3．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A report on the school's website explains that ‘a person who doesn't have enough sleep cannot focus attention and therefore cannot learn well.’(该校网站上的一份报告解释说：‘睡眠不足的人无法集中注意力，因此学习不好。’)”可知，那些睡眠不足的人不能集中注意力。故选A。
4．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Many students study with little thought about what comes after a period of study. But what you do after study could have an effect on how well you learn and remember new information.(很多学生学习时很少考虑学习一段时间后会发生什么。但是你在学习后所做的事情会对你学习和记忆新信息的能力产生影响)”结合文章主要介绍的是一种有助于学习的休息方式，可推知，学生最有可能对这篇文章感兴趣。故选C。
5．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many students study with little thought about what comes after a period of study. But what you do after study could have an effect on how well you learn and remember new information. Today on Education Tips, we will explore two no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep.(很多学生学习时很少考虑学习一段时间后会发生什么。但是你在学习后所做的事情会对你学习和记忆新信息的能力产生影响。在今天的教育小贴士中，我们将探索两种免费的方法来帮助你提高你的学习:清醒的休息和睡眠)”结合文章主要介绍了一种名为“清醒式休息”的休息方式，指在学习后停止活动，让大脑有机会休息，从而能更好地记住所学知识。文章还介绍如何进行清醒式休息，指出除了清醒式休息，睡眠对学习也很重要，介绍了睡眠对人们的影响。可知，B选项“学习后要做的事情”最符合文章标题。故选B。
Passage2
U. S. cherries, watermelons and some other summertime favorites may depend on wild bees more than previously thought.
Many farms in the United States use managed honeybees to pollinate (授粉) crops and increase the total amount of crops, sometimes trucking beehives (蜂箱) from farm to farm. Now an analysis of seven crops across North America shows that wild bees can play a role in crop pollination too, even on conventional farms with managed honeybees. Wild volunteers add at least $1.5 billion in total to the harvest for six of the crops, a new study estimates.
“To me, the big surprise was that we found so many wild bees even in intense production areas where much of the produce in the USA is grown, says Rachael Winfree, a pollination ecologist at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N. J.
That means threats to wild bees could deplete profits even when farms raise honeybees, the researchers reported on July 29 in Proceedings of the Royal Society. Both honeybees, which aren’t native to the United States, and wild pollinators such as bumblebees face dangers including pesticides (杀虫剂).
To see what, if anything, wild native bee species contribute, researchers checked bee visits to flowers at 131 commercial farm fields across the United States and part of Canada. On the other hand, the researchers also calculated to what extent the number of bee visits limited production. These intensive farms with plenty of fertilizer, water and other resources often showed signs of reaching a pollinator limit, meaning fields didn’t have enough honeybees to get the maximum production, and volunteer wild bees were adding to the total. Then the team estimated what percentage of the production native bees were adding — versus just doing what honeybees would have done anyway.
“Wild bees don’t seem to help California’s orchards (果园)，but based on orchards in Michigan and Pennsylvania, some $ 1. 06 billion of apples depends on native pollinators,” the researchers say. Watermelons, particularly in Florida, get an estimated $146 million benefit, and sweet cherries $ 145 million.
6．Why are the wild bees important to the crops according to the text?
A．It helps to pollinate and improve the crops output.
B．It is helpful to raise managed honeybees.
C．It is helpful to maintain healthy ecosystem.
D．It helps to protect native bee species.
7．What does the underlined word “deplete” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Pursue. B．Make. C．Keep. D．Reduce.
8．Why did researchers check bee visits to flowers?
A．To work out the number of wild native bees.
B．To make it clear why fields don’t have enough bees.
C．To show how important the managed bees are to intensive farms.
D．To figure out what wild native bees benefit farm output.
9．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To draw people’s attention to farm output.
B．To discuss why bees can increase the harvest.
C．To show wild bees may contribute to the crop harvest.
D．To introduce how honey bees and wild bees pollinate crops.
【答案】
6．A7．D8．D9．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过研究野蜂对农作物授粉和提高作物产量方面的信息，试图找出野蜂是否对农作物收成有贡献。
6．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now an analysis of seven crops across North America shows that wild bees can play a role in crop pollination too, even on conventional farms with managed honeybees. Wild volunteers add at least $1.5 billion in total to the harvest for six of the crops, a new study estimates.（现在，一项对北美七种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的研究估计，它们为六种作物的收成至少增加了15亿美元。）”可知，野蜂对农作物很重要，因为它有助于授粉和提高作物产量。故选A项。
7．
词句猜测题。第二段说一项对北美七种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的研究估计，它们为六种作物的收成至少增加了15亿美元，再根据画线词后的“ Both honeybees, which aren’t native to the United States, and wild pollinators such as bumblebees face dangers including pesticides (杀虫剂).”可知，非美国本土的蜜蜂和大黄蜂等野生授粉者都面临着包括杀虫剂在内的危险，由讲述非美国本土的蜜蜂和野生传粉者面临杀虫剂在内的危险，这种威胁自然会减少利润，由此可知画线词词义为为“减少，消耗”。故选D项。
8．
细节理解题。根据第五段中“To see what, if anything, wild native bee species contribute, researchers checked bee visits to flowers at 131 commercial farm fields across the United States and part of Canada.（为了了解野生本土蜜蜂是否有贡献，研究人员在美国和加拿大部分地区的131个商业农场中检查了蜜蜂到访花卉的情况。）”可知，研究人员要检查蜜蜂到访花丛的情况，是想找出野生本地蜜蜂对农场产出有什么好处。故选D项。
9．
推理判断题。根据第二段中“ Now an analysis of seven crops across North America shows that wild bees can play a role in crop pollination too, even on conventional farms with managed honeybees. Wild volunteers add at least $1.5 billion in total to the harvest for six of the crops, a new study estimates.（现在，一项对北美7种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的研究估计，它们为六种作物的收获至少增加了15亿美元。）可知，文章介绍了研究人员通过研究野蜂对农作物授粉和提高作物产量方面的信息，试图找出野蜂是否对农作物收成有贡献，因此文章的目的是展示野蜂可能对农作物收成有贡献。故选C项。
Passage3
What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed at the entrance? Or the soft background music?
But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.
A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’ intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.
When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.
Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce)has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar shops(实体店)can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.
Now, a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.
12. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?
A.Friendly assistant.
B.Unique scents.
C.Soft background music
D.Attractive window display.
13. E-shops are mentioned in the passage to _______ .
A. show the advantages of brick-and-mortar stores
B. urge shop assistants to change their attitude
C. push stores to use sights and sounds
D. introduce the rise of e-commerce
14. Which statement would the writer agree with?
A.Put different shop on the products on display.
B.Ask every shop assistant to wear light perfume.
C.Place fragrant flowers in the shop
D.Expose some coffee bean to air inside a coffee shop.
15. The main purpose of the passage is to ______ .
A. compare and evaluate
B. examine and assess
C. inform and explain
D. argue and discuss
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了采用香味提高销售量的理念。文章讲述了香味对于传统实体店的影响。各大品牌店都加强了味觉对顾客消费欲求的刺激，并根据商品不同调节香味。

13. A【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段的句子＂But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar shops(实体店)can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.＂可知，作者认为实体店能提供完全的购物体验，即强调传统实体店的优势。 故选A。
14. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的句子＂A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air.＂可知，作者认为气味在商店的成功方面起着重要的作用，所以他 认为咖啡店应该将咖啡豆暴露于空气中。故选D。
15. C【解析】主旨大意题。这篇文章主要是告诉读者香味对购物心理的影响，所以重在介绍和解释香味对 于实体店的影响。故选C。