统考版2021届高考英语二轮复习备考提升指导与精练12阅读理解_主旨大意题含解析2021033114

阅读理解——主旨大意

（2020·全国III卷，C）

With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.

The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, who lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.

Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.

“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”

And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”

It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.

Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.

Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.

28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?

A. Nick.   B. Rita.   C. Kathryn   D. The daughters.

29. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?

A. Positive.   B. Carefree.  C. Tolerant.   D. Unwilling.

30. What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?

A. Family traditions.     B. Financial reports.

C. Published statistics.    D. Public opinions.

31. What is the text mainly about?

A. Lifestyles in different countries.

B. Conflicts between generations.

C. A housing problem in Britain.

D. A rising trend of living in the UK.

【答案】28-31 BACD

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又甚感孤独，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。

28.细节理解题。根据第三段“but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中占用一楼。故选B项。

29.推理判断题。根据第五段““From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.””可知，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。

30.细节理解题。第六段提到官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。第七段则说25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述是基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。

31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又甚感孤独，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国该种生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。

（2020·浙江卷7月，C）

Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.

Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.

Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.

“This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work, sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”

It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调),” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”

Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons—including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.

28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?

A. To assess their health status.     B. To evaluate their work habits.

C. To analyze their personality.     D. To measure their mental ability.

29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?

A. By using an expert’s words.     B. By making a comparison.

C. By referring to another study.     D. By introducing a concept.

30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills

B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs

C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp

D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age

【答案】28-30 DBC

【解析】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析能力、计划能力和其他管理技能的有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。

28.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句（来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。）可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。故选D项。

29.推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This works just like physical exercise”（这就像体育锻炼一样有效）及接下来进一步的解释（长跑后人会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态。）可知，Francisca Then是通过与身体锻炼作比较来解释他的发现的。故选B项。

30.主旨大意题。第一段是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项（困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷）适合作本文标题。故选C项。

（2020·天津卷，D）

After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.

Together, these deep human urges(驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”

Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.

“The great man,” said Mencius(孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.

Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.

How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.

One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.

However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.

51. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.

A. propose a definition      B. make a comparison

C. reach a conclusion       D. present an argument

52. What does the example of Galileo tell us?

A. Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.

B. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.

C. Creativity results from challenging authority.

D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.

53. What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?

A. Observe the unknown around you.   B. Develop a questioning mind.

C. Lead a life of adventure.      D. Follow the fashion.

54. What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?

A. Gaining success helps you become an expert.

B. The genius tends to get things done creatively.

C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.

D. You should remain modest when approaching perfection.

55. What could be the best tile or the passage?

A. Curious Minds Never Feel Contented

B. Reflections on Human Nature

C. The Keys to Achievement

D. Never Too Late to Learn

【答案】51-55 DDBCC

【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素：好奇心和不满足。

51.推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和永不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。

52.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?””可知伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。

53.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?””及第四段中的““The great man,” said Mencius, “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.”可知，历史上所有的伟人都有好奇心，比如伽利略。而孟子认为不失去童心的人，就是伟大的人。然而，我们大多数人却失去了它。我们不再问问题，不再挑战习俗，而只是随波逐流。由此可知，你可以通过培养一个善于提问的头脑，找回好奇心和永不满足这两种品质。故选B。

54.推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.”及第七段中的“You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.”以及列举了Thomas Costain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Moses在78岁时展出了她的第一批画作。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们缺乏天赋和时间不是不行动的理由。故选C。

55.主旨大意题。根据第一段内容及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素：好奇心和永不满足。由此可知，C项（有所成的关键）适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。

（2019·全国II卷，C）

Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.

A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together,74 percent, according to statistics from the report.

“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone,but together,you know?”Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach,has lunch with coworkers sometimes,but like many of us,too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,”she said.

Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection, you return to work recharged and with a plan.”

That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.

28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?

A. Food variety.         B. Eating habits.

C. Table manners.        D. Restaurant service.

29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?

A. To meet with her coworkers.      B. To catch up with her work.

C. To have some time on her own.     D. To collect data for her report.

30. What do we know about Mazoleny?

A. He makes videos for the bar.      B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.

C. He interviews customers at the bar.    D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.

31. What is the text mainly about?

A. The trend of having meals alone.

B. The importance of self-reflection.

C. The stress from working overtime.

D. The advantage of wireless technology.

【答案】28-31 BCDA

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。据一份报告显示，越来越多的美国人喜欢独自用餐，并通过两个实例加以说明，文章总结了人们喜欢独自用餐的原因。

28.推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。

29.细节理解题。根据第三段“A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.”可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的注意力，给自己一些自由的时间，故选C。

30.推理判断题。根据第四段“He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.”可知Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，安静地看手机，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。

31.主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。

Passage 1

Emoji might not be your first choice of communication in a disaster, but researchers feel they could make a difference during emergencies, where every second counts. Now, the Emoji-quake campaign is lobbying for an earthquake emoji to be accepted into the Unicode—the standard group of icons(图标) available on digital devices worldwide. The campaign aims to find an earthquake-appropriate design to be admitted to Unicode.

“Approximately up to one third of the world’s population are exposed to earthquakes,” explains University of Southampton seismologist(地震学家) Dr. Stephen Hicks, a founder of the campaign. “So we really want to be able to communicate to all of those regions, all of those different languages, and an emoji is an amazing way of doing that.”

Unlike many other weather and climate related events, where longer warning times or visible signs are available, earthquakes move incredibly quickly and are difficult to measure while they are still occurring. Populations in areas like Japan and Mexico are dependent on earthquake early warning technology, which issues an alert on digital devices and broadcast media. “You may have seconds to get under a table or to protect yourself,” explains Dr. Hicks. “That can be life-saving in many cases. Naturally you don’t want too much wording in the warning message.”

Pictographs(象形文字) and other visuals like emoji have a track record of being faster and easier to understand than written information. Dr. Sara McBride, a communications specialist, who is also part of the campaign, told BBC News, “Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages, helping communicate valuable information to people who may struggle to read a certain language.”

The potential usefulness of emoji in emergencies could extend well beyond earthquakes. A team of designers also came up with emerji—an entire set of emoji for climate and environmental events.

1. What was the aim of the Emoji-quake campaign?

A. To add an earthquake emoji to the Unicode.

B. To attract people’s attention to earthquakes.

C. To reduce the damages by earthquakes.

D. To help communicate in earthquakes.

2. What may be the relationship between emoji and emerji?

A. Emerji is part of emoji.

B. Emoji is included into emerji.

C. They are two independent systems.

D. Emerji is for events beyond earthquakes.

3. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?

A. Could an emoji save our life?

B. What can emoji do in our life?

C. How is emoji changing our life?

D. Do we really know about emoji?

【答案】1-3 ABA

【解析】本文为应用文。主要叙述了一场以添加地震表情符号为目标的运动。该运动的创始人对此做出了解释，试图说明地震表情是一种通用的语言交流工具，有助于挽救生命。

1.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Emoji might not be your first choice of communication in a disaster, but researchers feel they could make a difference during emergencies”和第三段中“earthquakes move incredibly quickly and are difficult to measure while they are still occurring.”可推断出这是因为地震来得快，让人来不及反应。故选A项。

2.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A team of designers also came up with emerji—an entire set of emoji for climate and environmental events.”可知，表情符号也包含在emerji中。故选B。

3.主旨大意题。第一段说表情符号可能不是你在灾难中沟通的第一选择，但研究人员认为还是会有作用的，接着下面讲述了一场以添加地震表情为目标的运动。下面的地震博士Dr. Hicks为此做出了很多解释，想让人们相信表情符号能挽救生命。故选A项。

Passage 2

There is now a museum for pizza lovers in America’s pizza capital, New York City. The Museum of Pizza is devoted to pizza, cheese and sauce, but there’s more to it than meets the tongue.

“It’s often that the simplest ideas are the best. And we wanted to use pizza’s appeal to get people through the door and to look at art and hear about history in a different forms,” said Alexandra Serio, Chief Content Officer at Nameless Network, the group that baked the Museum of Pizza idea. Another instantly recognizable characteristic of the space is the bright colors that are weaved(穿行) throughout the exhibits—perfect for taking social media-ready pictures.

Located on the street level of Brooklyn’s William Vale hotel, the museum is a large, one-floor space that houses a wide variety of art, from giant photographs to sculptures that surround visitors.

Serio said exhibits of this kind are becoming an advantage for museums as they try to get younger legs to walk through their doors. “It’s a kind of change,” she said. “You’ll see it in the next few years because of museums like the Museum of Ice Cream, and multiple pop-ups(出现) of this kind of museums suiting a younger audience and seeing how they can make their exhibitions more attractive, touch and photography friendly.”

“Honestly, I thought it would be like more of a museum in the beginning, with the pizza boxes and it tells you when it was developed and things like that,” said Nene Raye, visitor from New Jersey.

Lydia Melendez, a self-described “pizza fan”, bought her tickets in April and for her, this experience was worth the wait. “I thought it was going to be kind of boring, like I’m going to walk in and there’s just going to be a book about pizza and how to make it, but this is definitely one for the books.” she said.

4. What’s a noticeable attraction of the pizza-themed museum according to Serio?

A. It covers a large area.

B. Visitors can bake pizza in it.

C. It’s perfect for taking amazing pictures.

D. Its exhibits are arranged in the simplest way.

5. Who is the museum targeted at?

A. Younger audience.       B. Ice cream lovers.

C. Artists and sculpturers.      D. Professional photographers.

6. What does Lydia Melendez think of the museum?

A. It is kind of disappointing.     B. It is surprisingly wonderful.

C. It is definitely a dull museum.    D. It looks like a traditional museum.

7. Which can be the best title for the text?

A. Small Pizza, Huge Influence

B. New York City, Pizza Capital

C. Fashionable Museums Appear in America

D. Pizza Museum Meets More Than the Tongue

【答案】4-7 CABD

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道类记叙文。短文介绍了美国纽约的快闪披萨博物馆及游客对它的评价。

4.细节理解题。由第二段“Another instantly recognizable characteristic of the space is the bright colors that are weaved throughout the exhibits—perfect for taking social media-ready pictures.”可知，展品间明亮的光照非常适合拍摄社交媒体上的照片。所以根据Serio所说，这家披萨主题博物馆最引人注目的地方是其灯光布置能拍出令人惊喜的照片。故选C项。

5.细节理解题。由第四段可知，披萨博物馆是一种趋势，和冰激凌博物馆及其他很多这样的博物馆一样，更适合年轻人的需求。所以博物馆针对的对象是年轻的观众。故选A项。

6.推理判断题。由最后一段Lydia Melendez所说的话可以判断出，Lydia Melendez原以为这个披萨博物馆会比较枯燥乏味，但是走进去却发现这个博物馆并不枯燥，相反让人惊艳，因此她对此感到非常吃惊。故选B项。

7.主旨大意题。由第一段“The Museum of Pizza is devoted to pizza, cheese and sauce, but there’s more to it than meets the tongue.”可知，披萨博物馆专门展出披萨、奶酪和酱料，但它满足的不仅仅是你的味觉。根据下文对快闪披萨博物馆的具体介绍以及游客对于它的积极评价可知，短文主要介绍新型博物馆——披萨博物馆。故短文的最佳标题为：披萨博物馆——满足你的不仅仅是味觉。故选D项。

Passage 3

Do you have imagination? Do you like to solve problems? If so, you could be the next great inventor. “But I’m just a kid,” you might say. Don’t worry about a little thing like age. For example, one famous inventor—Benjamin Franklin—got his start when he was only 12. At that young age, he created paddles for his hands to help him swim faster. Eventually, his creation led to what we now call flippers!

So you don’t have to be an adult to be an inventor. One thing you do need, though, is something that kids have plenty of: curiosity and imagination. Kids are known for looking at things in new and unique ways.

Jeanie Low invented the Kiddie Stool when she was just 11. It’s a folding stool that fits under the kitchen sink. Kids can unfold it and use it to reach the sink all by themselves.

At the age of 15, Louis Braille invented the system named after him that allows the blind to read.

Chelsea Lannon received a patent(专利) when she was just 8 for the “pocket diaper”, a new type of diaper that includes a pocket for holding baby wipes and powder.

8. By saying “But I’m just a kid”, you probably mean you .

A. are too young to achieve anything

B. can do anything though you are young

C. are old enough to become an inventor.

D. have to learn knowledge from other people.

9. Kids are most likely to be inventors probably because they

A. would like to make friends with others.

B. think about things in quite different ways.

C. like playing all kinds of toys at home.

D. usually work hard at their lessons at school.

10. Who invented something that helps the blind to read?

A. Jeanie Low       B. Benjamin Franklin

C. Chelsea Lannon      D. Louis Braille

11. Which of the following can be the main idea for this passage?

A. Kids have curiosity and imagination.

B. There are some world famous inventors.

C. It is possible for kids to be inventors.

D. Kids are exactly like adults in a way.

【答案】8-11ABDC

【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述的是孩子们有足够的好奇心和想象力，他们以新颖独特的方式看待事物，有可能成为发明家。

8.推理判断题。根据第一段中说不要担心年龄这样的小事和第二段强调说你不一定长大了才能成为一个发明家。你所需要的是孩子们足够的好奇心和想象力。我们都知道孩子们看待事物的方式新颖独特。由此推知，通过说“但我只是个孩子”，你可能是想说自己太年轻了，什么事也做不成。故选A。

9.细节理解题。根据第二段中说你不一定长大了才能成为一个发明家。你所需要的是孩子们足够的好奇心和想象力。我们都知道孩子们看待事物的方式新颖独特。由此可知，孩子们最有可能成为发明家，可能是因为他们以不同的方式思考问题。故选B。

10.细节理解题。根据第四段“At the age of 15, Louis Braille invented the system named after him that allows the blind to read.”可知15岁时，路易斯·布莱叶发明了一种以他的名字命名的盲人阅读系统。故选D。

11.主旨大意题。根据全文所举例子和第二段：所以你不必长大了才能成为一个发明家。你所需要的是孩子们足够的好奇心和想象力。我们都知道孩子们看待事物的方式新颖独特。由此可知，文章讲述的是孩子们有可能成为发明家。故选C。

Passage 4

Western conservation groups are seeking stricter laws to deal with trade in endangered wildlife, but Dr. Paul Jepson warns that this isn’t the best solution. He highlights the case of the Bali starling(八哥). Bringing in tougher laws created unexpected outcomes, which contributed to the bird’s extinction in the wild in 2006.

He said that the traditional law enforcement(执行) approach that outlawed(宣布……非法) ownership of the Bali starling in the 1980s and 1990s increased rather than reduced the demand for wild-caught Bali starlings. The bird has become a popular gift among the rich of Indonesia, who can gain more status by owning one.

Instead, a case-by-case analysis might be needed. Last year, he said, a bird association set up a network of breeders(饲养者) among the owners of Bali starling on the island of Java. By introducing a “crowd-breeding” model, it transformed the bird into a species whose price and source of supply were publicly known. This lessened the status of keeping such birds and thereby reduced their profitability to black market suppliers.

Another case was on Nusa Penida, an island southeast of Bali. A Balinese conservation group planned to release starlings on the island. Critics tried to block the plan, saying the island was outside the birds’ native zone. Eventually, the Governor of Bali came up with a proposal. The starlings were given to a local temple as a ceremonial offering before they were released. This gave the Bali starling status as a “sacred bird”, giving them protection under customary laws. Now the released starlings established a breeding population on Nusa Penida.

Dr. Jepson commented, “I do not want to criticize the international approach seeking tighter law enforcement, but this case study shows we should not oversimplify how we respond to the problem of the wildlife trade. There is a growing body of evidence that shows more different approaches are sometimes needed to fit with the local social and political realities. We should tailor solutions on more of a case-by-case basis.”

12. What might speed up the wild Bali starling’s extinction in 2006?

A. The bad natural environment.

B. The side effect of strict protection laws.

C. The debate over the wildlife trade.

D. The popularity of the bird in the world.

13. Why was the “crowd-breeding” model introduced?

A. To block the strict laws passed by the government.

B. To cut off the supply to the black market.

C. To make the Bali starling less profitable.

D. To increase the demand for the Bali starling.

14. What can we know about the case-by-case analysis?

A. It implies there’s more than one way to solve a problem.

B. It advocates stricter law enforcement.

C. It has attracted close attention of conservation groups.

D. It is acknowledged as the best solution to illegal wildlife trade.

15. What is the best title for the text?

A. Stricter enforcement is needed for the biodiversity of Indonesia

B. The Bali starling comes back to Nusa Penida

C. Cutting off the market for the illegal wildlife trade

D. Tougher laws to reduce wildlife trade are not enough

【答案】12-15 BCAD

【解析】本文为说明文。主要内容是在保护濒临灭绝的动物方面，制定严厉的法律并不一定最有效，Dr. Jepson主张灵活的保护措施。

12.细节理解题。根据第一段的“Bringing in tougher laws created unexpected outcomes, which contributed to the bird’s extinction in the wild in 2006.”可知，Dr. Jepson认为严厉的法律制裁会有副作用，2006年野生八哥的灭绝就与这个有关。故选B。

13.推理判断题。根据第三段的“...it transformed the bird into a species whose price and source of supply were publicly known. This lessened the status of keeping such birds and thereby reduced their profitability to black market suppliers.”可知，引进此种“群体繁殖”模式意味着公开了巴厘的售价与来路，减少了巴厘八哥在黑市上的盈利空间，故选C。

14.推理判断题。根据最后一段“There is a growing body of evidence that shows more different approaches are sometimes needed to fit with the local social and political realities. We should tailor solutions on more of a case-by-case basis.”可知，有时需要采用更多不同的方法来适应当地的社会和政治现实。我们应该根据具体情况量身定制解决方案。这也是Dr. Jepson一直强调的观点，故选A。

15.主旨大意题。通读全文以及第一段第一句可知，本文旨在通过巴厘八哥的例子阐述在减少野生动植物非法贸易方面，制定严厉的法律并不是最有效的措施，D项（通过更严格的法律来减少野生动物贸易是不够的）适合作为标题。故选D。