初中英语简易实用语法导学练1：句子成分和基本句式
展开初中英语简易实用语法导学练1：句子成分和基本句式
- 句子的成分
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
主语(subject)
表示句子叙述的主体是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句等充当。eg.
I’m from Australia.
Friends are very important to me.
谓语(predicate)
说明主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语由动词或动词短语充当。eg.
My name is Jenna.
I’m beginning senior high school this year.
表语(predicative)
说明主语的身份、特征或状态，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或从句等充当，与系动词一起构成谓语。eg.
Melbourne is a very beautiful city.
Her interests are similar to mine.
You look nice today.
宾语(object)
表示动作、行为的对象或承受者，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当。eg.
I love tennis and badminton.
I might even visit you one day.
I don’t think he will come today.
定语(attribute)
用来修饰名词或代词，由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词、短语或从句等充当。
What is your school like?
I’ll make a lot of new friends over
the next three years.
I value friends who are honest.
状语(adverbial)
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词、短语或从句等充当。
I live in the city of Melbourne.
I can actually see the ocean from my home.
Please reply if you have time.
- 简单句的五种基本句型 (FIVE KINDS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES)
1) S + V
We exercise.
Birds can fly.
2) S + V + O
He loves sports.
Turning to the right, you will find the school.
- 思考：句型1与句型2中的动词有什么区别？_____________________
3) S + V + P
Friends are important.
He became a teacher when he was 21.
- 思考：常见的系动词有哪些？____________________________________
4) S + V + IN O + D O
She wrote me a letter.
Lucy lends Lily some money.
5) S + V + O + OC
Jenna wants Cheng Hui to reply to her letter.
He made her happy.
- 思考：通常用什么词作宾补？__________________
- 对句子的基本理解：
一个句子只有一个主句。
改错：We are Chinese, we love China. _________________________
一个主语有且仅有一个动词（除非中间有连词连接）
指出以下句子的错误并改正：
1) He at home. ________________________
2) I am like apples. ____________________________
3) Some people hate get up early. ___________________________
4) There are some people think that it not always wrong to tell lies. ________________
【预习检测】
标出以下句子的基本成分及修饰成分：
- The birds in the cage can fly high in the sky.
- The airplane which started from Hongkong at noon arrived here at four p.m.
- The man who came here yesterday asked me the way to the station.
- They didn’t find it so easy
- They didn’t find it so easily
- She will make him a new dress.
- She will make him a good husband.
【当堂训练】
Read the following passage carefully and see if you can identify the parts of each sentence: subject, object, predicate, predicative, attribute and adverbial.
He is a world-famous professor. Everybody knows his name. He lives peacefully in London. He always stays at home, in his study, together with his lovely books. He seldom goes out. He seldom visits people in the city. He hardly goes shopping since his wife can do all the housework. He knows few people around his house. He knows little about his community. He never watches TV or goes to the cinema. He just enjoys doing his research work.
【课后巩固提升】
Study the sentence structure and decide what kind of simple sentence each one is.
1. He likes to read all kinds of newspapers and magazines in his spare time. ________________
2. The old house is located in the middle of the mountains. _______________
3. Karl is introducing his wife to his friends. _______________
4. His views on childhood education are similar to mine. _______________
5. I really want my children to learn more about the culture of other countries. ______________
6. I do not consider Lucy my friend. _______________
7. You must promise me to get some rest. _______________
8. Tom is looking forward to seeing his friends. _______________
9. The snowstorm continued for several days. _______________
10. He is easy-going, humorous and warm-hearted in his daily life. _______________
