2021届高考英语一轮复习考点15非谓语动词二考点归纳 试卷
展开考点15 非谓语动词（二）
高考频度：★★★★★
考向四 非谓语动词作定语
1） 不定式作定语
- 不定式作定语表示未做的事情。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
- 不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。
I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）
He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）
He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）
He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）
（1）不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。 ☞Do you have anything else to say? （2）如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。 ☞I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) 我需要一支钢笔写字。 ☞I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) 我有一个婴儿要照看。 |
2）V-ing形式作定语
1. 单独作定语，常放在被修饰的名词之前。
touching story /coming week /skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water
Barking dogs seldom bite. 乱叫的狗不咬人。
但某些V-ing（如concerned关切的/有关的，used旧的/用过的，given特定的/给予的，involved复杂的/涉及的）置于名词前后其意义不同。
☛a concerned look/the students concerned/
☛a used car/the textbook used.
2. V-ing作定语，分词应放在被修饰的名词之后；表示正在进行的动作时,变为从句时要用进行时态和表示经常性的动作或现在的状态时，变为从句时要用一般时态；同被修辞的词（先行词）有逻辑上的主谓关系，在意义上相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。
☛Who is the man standing （= who is standing） by the door?
站在门边的人是谁。
☛They built a highway leading （= that/which leads） into the mountains.
一条通往山里的高速路。
3.V-ing作定语时，分词应放在被修饰的名词之后；表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前/不确定；同被修辞的词（先行词）有逻辑上的动宾关系，在意义上相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
☛The meeting held（=that/which was held） last week is very important.
上周举行的回忆是非常重要的。
4. 其他应注意：
① 若表示的动作此刻正在进行或同时进行，可用被动语态的进行时态（现在分词的被动语态）表示。
☛We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须保守正在讨论的事情。
② 若表示的是一个未来的动作，可用不定式的被动语态表示。
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. 请告诉我在下次会议上讨论的主题。
③ V-ing还可作非限制性定语（相当于非限制性定语从句），此时须和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，试比较：
☛All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists.=All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists.
居住在上海的所有兄弟是科学家。
④ V-ing短语作定语时，表示的动作不能先于谓语动作，也不可表示将来；一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，故下列句子是错的：
☛Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. （应改为who has come from Beijing）
他是来自北京的李先生。
☛Those having finished their work can go home now. （应改为who have finished）
已经完成家庭作业的现在可以回家。
⑤ 系动词的-ing形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示。
☛Those being busy don’t have to go. （应改为Those who are busy don’t have to go.）
正在忙的人不必离开。
⑥ 不及物动词的V-ing不可用作后置定语，若要表示这个意思要用从句。
☛The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. （应改为which/that died）
前天死在公园的狮子是头母狮。
3) V-ed形式作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两种情况。
1．前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。由及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，表示＂被动和完成＂含义，或只具有＂被动＂含义；由不及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，只表＂完成＂含义。
（1）被动和完成含义：
☞We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
（2）被动含义：
☞She is a respected teacher.她是一位受人尊敬的老师。
（3）完成含义：
☞They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2.后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
☞This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (＝that has ever been written).
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
☞Who were the socalled guests invited (＝who had been invited) to your party last night？
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
☞Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
昨天我买了一本外语教学与研究出版社出版的书。
【易混辨析】 (1)过去分词如果表示一种强烈的动作含义，单独使用也可以放在名词的后面。 ☞The experience gained will be of great value to us. 取得的经验对我们很有价值。 ☞By the end of the year，the total money collected had come to 92 million dollars， all of which were sent to Africa. 到年底为止，筹集到的全部资金达到了9,200多万元，所有这些钱全都送往非洲了。 (2)由过去分词构成的合成词也可作定语。 ☞The air-conditioned rooms are very comfortable in hot summer. 在炎热的夏天，装空调的房间非常舒服。 ☞The newly-built building is our office building. 这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。 (3)过去分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 ☞The funds (which/that have been) raised are mainly used for helping the homeless. 筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。 ☞This book，(which is)written in simple English，is suitable for beginners to read. 这本书是使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。 ☞The concert (which/that was) given by their friends was a success. 他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。 ☞The meeting，(which was) attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 (4)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽 不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人有关。 ☞The boy looked up with a pleased expression.那男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 ☞He spoke with a frightened look.他说话时显得非常恐惧。 |
【易混辨析】 (1)动名词作定语，说明所修饰的名词的用途。 ☞No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准大声说话。 ☞There is a swimming pool in our school.我们学校有一个游泳池。 (2)现在分词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 ☞He is a promising young man.他是一个很有前途的青年。 ☞Do you know the woman(who is)sitting at the end of the room？ 你认识坐在房间后面的那位妇女吗？ ☞We must keep a secret of the things (which/that are) being discussed now. 对于现在所讨论的事情，我们必须保守秘密。 (3)不定式作定语，位于所修饰的词后，通常表示将来发生的动作。当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能采用不定式作后置定语。此外，作定语的不定式与所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的＂主谓＂、＂动宾＂或＂同位＂三种关系。如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。 ☞Our monitor is the first to arrive.我们的班长是第一个到达的人。(主谓关系) ☞The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is of great importance. 明天会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。(动宾关系) ☞I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。(动宾关系) ☞Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us. 他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊。(同位关系) ☞They have no happiness to speak of.他们没有什么幸福可言。 |
1.（（2020·新课标I卷短文改错））I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
【答案】 frying改为fried
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
2.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
【答案】marked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
考向五 非谓语动词作主语和表语
1）不定式作主语
谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。
It took us two hours to finish the job.
（1）其他系动词如look，appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is ...to...句型。试比较： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb to do sth结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of，否则用 for。 |
2）v-ing作主语
1. 谓语动词应用第三人称单数。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
3. 作主语动名词与不定式的区别：
① 动名词作主语表示抽象的动作，不与特定的动作执行者有关；不定式作主语表示具体的动作或行为，与特定的动作执行者有关。
☛He realized that to go on like this was no use.（具体）
他意识到像这样继续没用。
☛It’s no use crying over split milk.（抽象）
因抛洒的牛奶哭泣没用。
3）. 作表语
（1）V-ing 作表语用来解释说明主语的内容。
☛Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是建房子。
（2）V-ing与不定式作表语的区别：
V-ing作表语表示抽象的行为,习惯；不定式作表语表示具体的特别是动作。
☛My favourite sport is swimming.
☞Our job is playing all kinds of music.
我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
☞His ambition is to go to Harvard University.
他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。
3．下列句型中常用动名词作主语：
☞It’s no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
(2018·北京卷·单项填空） _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling
C. Having traveled D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。
题组一 基础过关
1.Sherry used a piece of bread _______________ (tempt) the rat into her trap.
2.________ (accommodate) the growing number of patients, the clinic has had to extend its service from five days to seven days a week.
3.More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced __________ (raise) people's concern over food safety.
4.George Gould visited the tomb, only ___________ (catch) a high fever the next day.
5.In fact, women are less likely __________ (have) high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
6.The main road ______________ (build) next week is beneficial to our life.
7.This is the only way he thought of _________ (solve) the challenging task.
8.I couldn't afford ________（buy）these books, so I borrowed them from the library.
9.We think it no good ________(talk) about the topic any more.
10.Tom's ________ (punish) by the teacher made him feel lucky.
11.Children _________ (expose) to difficult situations are better at handling those tasks.
12.Little Tom admitted __________(cheat) in the examination.
13.Generally speaking, I can't stand __________(sit) and doing nothing .
14.He became addicted to ________(take) drugs when he was young.
15.Every time you feel like __________(smoke) a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
16.With living standards improving, we should now also attach importance to ________ (have) a balanced diet.
17.In Thailand and other parts of South-East Asia, the normal greeting is a slight bow with the hands __________ (press) together.
18.When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely_______ (absorb) in a magazine.
19.The Internet keeps us _______________ (inform) of what is going on in the world.
20.____________(found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
题组二 能力提升
非谓语动词专项综合训练（本题共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）
There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one __1_______(love) her．
One day, _2_________(feel) very sad and lonely, she was walking through a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly ___3_________(catch) in a bush．The young girl carefully released the butterfly.Instead of ____4________(fly) away , the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.
“In return for your wonderful kindness，” the good fairy said to the girl, “I will give you any wish that you would like __5______( get ).” The little girl thought for a moment and then replied, “I want to be happy.”
Leaning toward her, the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.
With the little girl __6_______(grow) up, there was no one in the land happier than she was.Everyone wanted to make themselves ____7_______(tell) the secret of happiness by her.She would only smile and answer, “The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl.”
When she was dying，the neighbors all gathered around her, ___8_______（fear） that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her.So they begged her ____9______(tell) them what the good fairy said.The lovely old woman simply smiled, ____10______(say), “She told me that everyone, no matter how old or young, how rich or poor, had need of me.”
题组三 体验真题
1.（（2020·新课标I卷短文改错））I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
2. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They represent the earth 63． (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
3.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
4. 【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___a__ joke.
5.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
the future.
A. Learn B. Learned
C. Learning D. Having learned
7.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.
8.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
题组一 基础过关
1.【答案】to tempt
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：雪莉用一片面包引诱老鼠进入她的陷阱。use...to do sth.用......做某事，为固定句型，故填to tempt.
2.【答案】To accommodate
【解析】句意：为了容纳越来越多的病人，这家诊所不得不把服务时间从每周5天延长到7天。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填To accommodate.
3.【答案】to raise
【解析】考查不定式。句意：政府官员表示将会制作更多的电视节目，来提高人们对食品安全问题的关注。分析句意可知，此处需要用动词不定式表示目的。故填to raise.
4.【答案】to catch
【解析】句意：George Gould参观了墓地，结果第二天就发高烧了。根据句意，这里是(only)to do 表示结果状语从句，位于主语后面。故填to catch .
5.【答案】to have
【解析】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：事实上，女性患高血压或死于心脏病的可能性更小。be likely to do sth.“可能会做某事”，固定短语，故填to have.
6.【答案】to be built
【解析】考查不定式的被动式。句意：下周将要被建的这条主路有益于我们的生活。根据句中的时间状语next week确定，本空用不定式表示将要发生的动作，build与road之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故本空用不定式的被动式to be built，故填to be built.
7.【答案】to solve
【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。分析句子结构可知，he thought of是定语从句，修饰名词way，________ (solve) the challenging task是目的状语，应用动词不定式，故填to solve.
8.【答案】to buy
【解析】句意：我买不起这些书，所以我从图书馆借了。 afford to do支付得起，买得起，为固定搭配，故填 to buy.
【答案】talking
【解析】考9.查非谓语动词。句意：我们认为再谈论这个话题没有好处。根据句子结构，本题中it作形式宾语，动词talk引导的部分作句子真正的宾语，因此应用动名词形式talking.故填talking.
10.【答案】not being punished/not having been punished
【解析】考查动名词。根据句子分析可知，本空是句子的主语，要用动词的动名词形式，动词punish和它的逻辑主语Tom是动宾关系，要使用动名词的被动形式，要是考虑已经被处罚过了，也可以使用动名词的完成被动式，结合句意“使他感到幸运”的应该是“汤姆没有被处罚”，动名词要使用否定形式，not置于动名词最前面，故填not being punished/not having been punished.
11.【答案】exposed
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：接触不同困难处境的孩子更善于处理那些任务。由题干可知，这里的动词 expose作后置定语修饰前面的名词Children，两者之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语修饰名词Children。故填exposed.
12.【答案】cheating/having cheated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小汤姆承认考试作弊了。动词admit表示“承认”，后面接动名词作宾语，故本空可填cheating；根据句意，cheat这一动作发生在谓语动词admitted的动作之前，所以本空也可用-ing的完成式。故填cheating/having cheated.
13.【答案】sitting
【解析】考查动名词。句意：一般情况下，我不能忍受坐着，什么也不做。can't stand doing sth.无法忍受做某事，固定搭配。故填sitting.
14.【答案】taking
【解析】考查动名词。句意：当他年轻的时候，他吸毒成瘾。become addicted to是固定搭配，意思是成瘾，沉溺于，to是介词，后面加动名词做宾语，故填taking.
15.【答案】smoking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：每当你想抽烟的时候，提醒自己你是一个不抽烟的人。feel like doing sth.想要做某事，固定短语。smoke抽烟，动词原形；smoking动名词。故填smoking.
16.【答案】having
【解析】考查动名词。此处to是介词，所以空处动词需用动名词作宾语，attach importance to doing sth.对做某事重视。故填having.
17.【答案】pressed
【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：在泰国和东南亚其他地区，通常的问候是双手合十的轻微鞠躬。with复合结构：with+名词+分词，hands和press之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动，故填pressed.
18.【答案】absorbed
【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。be absorbed in全神贯注于，专心致志于,固定短语，空处逻辑主语是my father,过去分词作状语。absorb动词，过去分词形式absorbed.故填absorbed.
19.【答案】informed
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：互联网让我们知道世界上正发生什么事。keep sb. +过去分词，使某人被……，结合题意可知是informed，使某人被告知。故填informed.
20.【答案】Founded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：建立于20世纪初期，这所学校不断激发孩子们对艺术的热爱。根据句意及句子结构，the school与found之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应使用过去分词作状语。found建立，动词原形；founded过去分词。置于句首需大写单词首字母。故填Founded.
题组二 能力提升
1.【答案】to love
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：有一个很棒的故事，关于一个年轻的女孩，她没有家人，也没有人爱她。动词不定式作定语，放在先行词no one后，此时先行词no one 与不定式to love 逻辑上是主谓关系。故填to love.
2.【答案】feeling
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：有一天，由于感觉很伤心很孤独，她穿过一片草原。在此句中was walking是谓语，feel very sad and lonely就是非谓语部分，she 和feel是逻辑上的主谓关系，应该用现在分词。故填feeling.
3.【答案】caught
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：她在穿过一片草地的时候，她注意到一只小蝴蝶被困在在灌木丛中。固定短语notice sth done ，a butterfly与catch在逻辑上是动宾关系，用过去分词作宾补。故填caught.
4.【答案】flying
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：小蝴蝶不是飞走了，而是变成了一个美丽的仙女。介词后面用动名词形式。故填flying.
5.【答案】to get
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：我会给你任何你想得到的愿望。固定搭配would like to do sth想要做某事。故填to get.
6.【答案】growing
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词和with短语的复合结构。句意：随着小女孩长大，这片土地上没有人比她更快乐。本题后面是一个with的复合结构，宾语是the little girl，其与grow之间是主谓关系，所以空处需用现在分词growing作宾补。故填growing.
7.【答案】told
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：每个人都想让她告诉自己幸福的秘密。 空格处在句子中做宾语补足语，tell和themselves是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动，故填told.
8.【答案】fearing
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：当她快死的时候，邻居们都围在她身边，害怕她难以置信的幸福秘密会和她一起死去。主语neighbors与fear是逻辑的主谓关系，用现在分词形式作状语。故填fearing.
9.【答案】to tell
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意： 所以他们求她告诉他们好仙女说了什么。固定搭配短语beg sb to do sth乞求某人做某事。故填to tell.
10【答案】saying
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：这位可爱的老妇人只是笑了笑，同时说，“她告诉我，每个人，无论多大或多小，多么富有或贫穷，都需要我。”现在分词表示和谓语同时发生的动作，作伴随状语。故填saying.
题组三 体验真题
1.【答案】 frying改为fried
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
2.【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
3.【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
4.【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
5.【答案】marked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
6.【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语，故选C。
7.【答案】to get
【解析】考查非谓语。 句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes time to do sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用how long 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to get。
8.【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。
