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初中人教新目标 (Go for it) 版Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?综合与测试精品第2课时2课时学案
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这是一份初中人教新目标 (Go for it) 版Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?综合与测试精品第2课时2课时学案，共14页。学案主要包含了in等内容，欢迎下载使用。
教师辅导讲义
组长审核：
学员姓名： 年 级：八年级 课时数：3课时
辅导科目： 学科教师： 校区名称：
授课类型
T(Unit8 Hw d yu make a banana milk shake?)
C（名词可数/不可数）
T（能力提升）
授课日期
年 月 日
教学内容
课前导入
.
1.Turn n the blender.打开食物搅拌器。
这是一个祈使句，以动词原形turn开头。
辨析: turn n和 pen
turn n 通常只打开自来水、煤气或电视、电灯之类的电器开关，其反义词组是turn ff 。pen 通常只打开窗户、门、书本儿等，其反义词是clse。例如:
Turn n the blender fr tw minutes. 将食物搅拌器打开两分钟。
It's t ht，please pen the windw。太热了，请打开窗户。
2.Frget v. 忘记;忘却
Frget为动词，意为“忘记，忘却”其反义词是remember，意为记得。
辨析: frget t d sth. 与 frget ding sth.
frget t d sth表示，忘记去做某事，此事应该做而没做。例如:
He frgt t clse the dr. 他忘了关门。
Frget ding sth.表示，忘记曾经做过某事，强调的是忘记了已经做过的事情。例如：
I frgt telling her abut it. 我忘记曾经把这件事情告诉他了。
3.finally adv. 最后;最终
Finally意为“最后，最终”;其同义词组是in the end, at last。在句中作状语，通常位于句首句末或实义动词之前；be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，例如:
Finally，they gt t the village。
最后他们到达了那个村庄。
辨析:finally , at last与in the end
三者均可译为最后最终有时可以互换。
finally侧重最后的结果，一般不带感情色彩。例如：
They talked abut it fr hurs，finally they decided nt t g。
他们为此讨论了几小时，最后他们决定不去了。
at last侧重先后顺序带有胶浓厚的感情色彩。例如：
He studied hard, and at last，he gt the first in his class.
他努力学习，终于在班级里取得了第一名。
C) in the end意为最后期中and为名词。例如：
He tried many different jbs , and in the end he became a pstman，
他尝试了许多不同种类的工作，最后当了邮递员。
4.Next , fill the turkey with his bread mix .然后用这些面包混合填充火鸡。
Fill意为“装满，填满”；可作及物动词与不及物动词，常与with连成构成短语fill with意为用…把…填满。例如：
Fill the bttle with the hney. 用蜂蜜把瓶子装满。
“填满”的用法
be filled with是fill …with…的被动语态，表示被……充满。例如：
The bag was filled with fd by him. 袋子里被他装满了食物。
be full f意为“装满填满”，例如:
The classrm is full f students. 教室里坐满了学生。
The cup is full f water.
杯子里装满了水。
5.When it is ready，please the turkey n a large plate and cver it with gravy当火准备好时，把火鸡放在一个大盘子上，并肉汁勾芡一下。
Cver意为“覆盖，遮盖”，既可以表示无意地将某物放在另一物的上面，也可以表示有意地隐藏，遮掩。常用短语cver …with…意为用“用…把…盖起来”。例如：
Mary cvered her face with her hands。玛丽用双手捂住了脸。
Cver的其他用法
cver作及物动词时接名词或代词作宾语，可用于被动结构be cvered with译为被什么什么覆盖。例如：
the highway was cvered with snw.公路被雪覆盖了。
cver作名词时意为盖子覆盖物。某具体事物的掩盖物或外套还可以指书等的封皮封面是可数名词。例如：
On the frnt cver f the magazine is a picture f a by.
杂志的封面是一张男孩子的照片。
6.Anther prn. 另一;又一
anther，意为“另一，又一”。例如：
This hat is t big，please give me anther ne。这顶帽子太大了，请给我另一顶。
辨析:anther与the ther。Anther和the ther可表示，另一个
anther指三个或三个以上中的另一个；the ther表示两者之中的另一个。例如：
I will give yu anther example .我给你举另一个例子。
I have tw sisters. ne is a wrker，and the ther is a teacher.
我有两个姐姐，一个是工人，另一个是教师。
中考真题链接
一、单项选择
（ ）1. In China, there are mre ________ in primary schls than in high schls.
A. wman teacher B. wmen teachers C. wmen teacher D. wman teachers
（ ）2. --Alice, which seasn d yu like best?
--Autumn. The fallen _______ are like a thick blanket n the grund. What beautiful scenery it is!
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves
（ ）3. Many freigners came t ur schl last week, including three _______ and fur ________.
A. German, American B. Germans. American
C. Germans. Americans D. German, Americans
（ ）4. My friend Dave helped me a lt by giving me____ n English learning.
A. advices B. many advice C. sme advice D.an advice
（ ）5. Can yu imagine what life will be like in _time?
A.20 years' B.20 year's C.20-years' D.20-years
（ ）6. —Mre and mre peple cme t visit Jingzhu Ancient City.
—That’s true. It has becme the f Jingzhu.
A. effrt B. praise C. curage D. pride
（ ）7. Mickey muse is ne f the mst famus ______ in American ______.
A. symbl; culture B. symbl; cultures C. symbls; culture D. symbls; cultures
（ ）8. _____ mthers can’t g t the parents’ meeting because they are t busy.
A. Jack’s and Paul B. Jack’s and Paul’s C. Jack and Paul’s D. Jack and Paul
（ ）9.The Three Grges Dam prduces________ fr millins f peple in China.
A. electricity B. influence C. transprt D. technlgy
I. 语法填空
Every year abut 40,000 peple attempt t climb Kilimanjar, the highest muntain in Africa. They bring with them lts f waste. The ___1___ might damage the beauty f the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the _face f Kilimanjar.
（ ）1. A. stries B. buildings C. crwds D. reprters
（ ）2. We can bserve that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________n ur lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact C. impressin D. judgment
（ ）3. Nwadays the ___________ fr travelling is shifted frm shpping t fd and scenery.
A. pririty B. ptential C. prprtin D. pensin
4. Making Chinese (dish)is seen as especially trublesme.
5.This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(医学界）as a methd f fighting heart disease has had sme unintended side (effect) such as verweight and heart disease -the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
II．单句改错
One afternn where I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund. Suddenly ftball fell just in frnt f me and almst hit me. I stpped the ball and kicked it hard back t the playgrund. T everyne`s surprising, the ball went int the net. All the ftball player n the playgrund cheered ludly.
Last winter when I went there again，they had a big separate huse t raise dzens f chicken.
At that mment, I remembered at m' father nce said,“The classrm is a place fr learning and that includes learning frm textbks, and mistake as well.”
一.基础知识梳理
名词
分类
普通名词
个体名词
表示人或物的个体，
如：teacher, pen, hand
集体名词
表示个体组成的集合体，
如：family, team, plice
物质名词
表示无法分为个体的固体、液体、气体等实物，
如：ice, water, gas
抽象名词
表示抽象概念的，如性质、状态、情感等的名词，如：sadness, happiness, wrk
专有名词
人名、地名、机构、事物、组织、概念、节日等。
如：Lndn, Jhn, the Cmmunist Party f China
名词复数构成规律
规则变化
1. 一般情况加s,如：pen—pens, dctr—dctrs,by—bys, 其读音规则是在清辅音后读［s］，在元音和浊辅音后读［z］。
如:map—map ， by—bys.
2. 在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加es。
如：bus—buses,class—classes,其读音为［iz］。
3. 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s，其读音为［iz］。
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要将y变为i再加es，读作［z］，如：factry—factries,cuntry—cuntries, family—families.但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如:by—bys,day—days。
5. 以结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es，但如果前面是元音字母或外来词，缩写词以结尾的则只加s。
如：tmat—tmates,her—heres;pht—phts,radi—radis,pian—pians
6. 以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变为v再加es，如：knife—knives, leaf—leaves, 但有些例外的词如rf的复数形式是rfs。
7. 不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的，它没有规律可循，如:man—men,wman—wmen, child—children, ft—feet,tth—teeth, muse—mice
8. 单复同形的名词有：fish, sheep,deer…
9. 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:peple,plice等。名词还有格的变化，其主格可作主语，宾格可作宾语。还有所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's其复数形式是s'，如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's，如：a student's rm, students' rms, Children's Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家……名词的所有格要用's，如：a twenty minutes' walk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用f结构，如：the capital f ur cuntry, the clur f the flwers
不规则变化
①改变单数名词中的元音字母
②单复数形式相同，如：sheep, deer, fish, means
③表示某国人的名词的复数形式因习惯不同而各异
a.单复数形式相同（多以ese结尾），如：Chinese, , Swiss
b.词尾加-s（多以-an结尾），如：Americans, Kreans, Indians
c.将man变成men，将wman变成 wmen，如：Englishman-Englishmen
④其他形式，如：muse—mice, child- children
名词所有格
加-’s/-s’
①名词单数形式,用-’s,表示,如: the girl’s bks
②复数形式,用s’表示,如Teachers’ bks
注：所有格后所接名词表示地点时候，地点名词可省略。如：the dctr’s
③复合名词在最后的名词后加’s，如brther-in-law’s bks
④表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城市，地点无生命的名词也可用’s形式来表示其所有关系，如：three days walk
借助介词f
无生命的物体的名词所有格常用f表示。如：the cver f the bk
双重所有格
由’s所有格和f所有格组合修饰名词，如：an ld friend f Tm’s
考点敲黑板
1.可数名词的数
(1)单、复数同形。如：means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese，Japanese，sheep，wrks(工厂)，cattle。
(2)合成名词的复数。
如：byfriend→byfriends，gbetween→gbetweens(中间人)，grwnup→grwnups。
(3)有些名词通常只用作复数。
如：glasses眼镜，clthes衣服，gds货物，trusers裤子，belngings所有物，wages工资，riches财富，surrundings环境，ashes灰尘，cmpasses圆规，cattle家畜，cngratulatins祝贺，have wrds with sb.同某人吵架，in high spirits以很高热情地，give ne’s regards t sb.向某人问候，in rags衣衫破烂，It is gd manners t d sth.有礼貌做某事。
(4)集体名词的数。
有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：peple，cattle，plice； 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery，furniture，mankind，jewellery；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。
2.不可数名词的数
高常考的不可数名词 furniture luggage equipment petry jewelry machinery infrmatin scenery knwledge hmewrk evidence air water rice salt infrmatin
一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：
①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。
抽象名词(不可数)
具体化(个体名词，可数名词)
in surprise惊讶地
a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功
a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
win hnr赢得荣誉
an hnr引起尊敬的人(事)
failure失败
a failure失败者
by experience靠经验
an experience一次经历
with pleasure乐意
a pleasure乐事
②抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。
A knwledge f English is a must in internatinal trade.
Wuld yu like t have a walk (swim，bath，talk) with me？
It is a waste f time reading such a nvel.
She made an aplgy t her mther fr her wrng dings.
(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。
物质名词有形或数的相应物体时，有单、复数。如：sme cffee一些咖啡，a cffee一杯咖啡，three cffees三杯咖啡，sme drink一些饮料，a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。
3. 名词作定语
英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。
(1)分类意义。
air pllutin 空气污染 by friend男朋友 cffee cup咖啡杯
bdy language身体语言. rad accident交通事故 the Nbel Prize诺贝尔奖
(2)时间、地点、称呼等。
Dctr Jack杰克医生 Prfessr Li李教授
evening schl夜校 winter sleep冬眠
(3)表目的、手段、来源、所属意义。
receptin desk接待台 sprts field田径场
stne table石桌 clr TV彩电
名词跟踪练习
（ ）1. Dave really likes driving. I think being a _____ is just right fr him.
A. dctrB. teacherC. farmerD. driver
（ ）2. The by has been missing fr five days and his parents are wrried abut his______.
A. attentin B. safety C. actin D. grwth
（ ）3. _____ are planning t g n vacatin.
A. Black’sB. A Black’sC. The Black’sD. The Blacks
（ ）4. Nne f them talked. They finished their meal in _____.
A. silenceB. rderC. placeD. public
（ ）5. Annie has a _____, and she is ging t see her dentist tday.
A. cldB. feverC. cughD. tthache
（ ）6. He has a cllectin f _____. He can nt nly enjy them but als use them t mail letters.
A. stampsB. nvelsC. instrumentsD. magazines
（ ）7. —______ is it frm the schl t the pst ffice?
—It’s abut ten ______ walk.
A. Hw far; minutes’B. Hw far; minutes C. Hw lng; minutes D. Hw lng; minutes’
（ ） 8. —Is the schlbag under the desk yurs?
—N, it’s my______. He left it there just nw.
A. brther B. brther’s C. brthers’ D. brthers
（ ）9. The New Yrk Times is a ppular daily _____.
A. dictinary B. magazine C. newspaper D. guidebk
（ ）10. There are lts f _____ that students have t fllw in schl.
A. exercises B. prblems C. skills D. rules
一．单句语法填空检测题
1． In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunayut _have reprted increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a ______ (believe) that ppulatins are increasing.
2． The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister.
3． The Harry Ptter bks are quite ppular; they are in great________(demanding) in this city.
4． Handle the mst imprtant tasks first s yu’ll feel a real sense f ________(achieve)．
5． Recent________(study) shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt breaks regularly.
6． Visiting an apple event is a gd chance t see, and ften taste, a wide variety f ________(apple)．
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River that are pictured by artists in s many Chinese________(painting)．
My first ________(impress) f him was that he was a kind and thughtful yung man.
9． While there are amazing stries f instant transfrmatin, fr mst f us the________(change)are gradual and require a lt f effrt and wrk, like cleaning up a plluted river.
10． Fr example, we can d reading fr ne and a half ______(hur) and play sprts fr ne hur every day.________
11． Althugh these ________(measure) are nt effective frever, they are vital fr nw.
12. The cllege years are suppsed t be a time fr imprtant ________(grw) in autnmy (自主性) and the develpment f adult identity.
13． The ________(life) f these peple have finally been recrded thanks t the effects f a Frenchman frm Paris called Gin.
14．—Why d yu chse t wrk in an internatinal travel agency?
—Well，yu knw，English is my ________(strng)．S it is my best chice.
15．The weather ________(effect) bth gd and bad, are felt in many places.
16． Sme schls will have t make ________(adjust) in agreement with the natinal sccer refrm.
17． —G and say srry t yur Mm, Dave.
— I’d like t, but I’m afraid she wn’t be happy with my ________(aplgize)．
18． One f the mst effective ways t reduce ________(stressful) is t talk abut feelings with smene yu trust.
19． When he was running after his brther, the by lst his ________(balanced) and had a bad fall.
20． There is n need t tell me yur answer nw. Give it sme________(think) and then let me knw.
21． —Why nt buy a secnd-hand car first if yu dn’t have enugh mney fr a new ne?
—That’s a gd____________(suggest)．
22．While she was in Paris，she develped a ____________(tasty) fr fine art.
23．Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pinted them ut with ________(patient)．
24．I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beynd ____________(recgnize)．
25．The schl advisers help yu talk thrugh yur prblems but they dn’t give yu any direct ____________(slve)．
26．—We’ve been destrying lts f frests every year. —What a shame！We’ll be the __________(victim) f ur wn flish behavir.
27．There are ____________(sign) t shw that a new，different city is cming ut f its dark past.
28．The plan was in ____________(ruin) just because peple were unwilling t cperate.
29．It was a difficult jb fr him .He had tried everything but it made little ____________(different)．
30．The plice fund a few ____________(knife) in the thief’s rm，which were used t pen safes.
31．Her ________(mtivate) fr writing was a desire fr wmen t get the right t higher educatin.
二． 真题模拟训练
（ ）1. The__________ that there is life n ther planets in the universe has always inspired scientists t explre the uter space.
A. advice B. rder C. pssibility D. invitatin
（ ）2. Try t understand what’s actually happening instead f acting n the _______ yu’ve made.
A. assignment B. assciatin C. acquisitin D. assumptin
3. The disappearance f dinsaurs is nt necessarily caused by astrnmical incidents. But alternative _________(explain) are hard t find.
4. It is imprtant t pay yur ________(electric)bill n time, as late payments may affect yur credit.
（ ）5. —Can yu tell us yur recipe fr _________(happy) and a lng life?
—Living every day t the full, definitely.
（ ）6.He gave himself a new name t hide his ____ when he went t carry ut the secret task.
A. emtin B. talent C. identity D. treasure
（ ）7. There is n need t tell me yur answer nw. Give it sme ______ and then let me knw.
A. thught B. supprt C. prtectin D. authrity
（ ）8.—G and say srry t yur Mm, Dave.
—I’d like t, but I’m afraid she wn’t be happy with my ______ .
A. requests B. excuses C. aplgies D. regrets
（ ）9. Sme schls will have t make ______ in agreement with the natinal sccer refrm.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. cmments D. achievements
（）10. The failure was a big __________t him, but he wasn't discuraged and sn gt as enthusiastic as ever.
A. blwB. issueC. excuseD. Factr
三． 单句改错
Accrding t a reprt，the habitat f many wild animals and plant，the Plar Bears included，is threatened.
2. Apart frm ding sme cleaning fr the ld peple，giving sme perfrmance with my friends is anther thing I can d.
3．—Jeremy Lin wrks extremely hard.
—S he des. He is ften seen sweating heavily befre his teammate have even arrived at the gym.
4．I will never sell my furnitures t anyne at any time，whatever he may pay fr it.
5．He lst his way in a small village. Otherwise，he wuld have visited mre places f interests yesterday.
6．My ld classrm was interesting because three side f the classrm were made f glass.
7．Mum taught me sme basic step f baking.
8．We’ve called several time abut Cle’s early mrning barking.
9．If yu want t wn an iPhne 6 ahead，yu’ll have t make a reserve，r yu will wait fr sme time.
10．A new study shws that if yur friends and family get fat，the chance are that yu will t.
11. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Many rare animals are dying ut.
12. Mm has a full-time jb, but she has t d mst f the husewrks.
教师辅导讲义
组长审核：
学员姓名： 年 级：八年级 课时数：3课时
辅导科目： 学科教师： 校区名称：
授课类型
T(Unit8 Hw d yu make a banana milk shake?)
C（名词可数/不可数）
T（能力提升）
授课日期
年 月 日
教学内容
课前导入
.
1.Turn n the blender.打开食物搅拌器。
这是一个祈使句，以动词原形turn开头。
辨析: turn n和 pen
turn n 通常只打开自来水、煤气或电视、电灯之类的电器开关，其反义词组是turn ff 。pen 通常只打开窗户、门、书本儿等，其反义词是clse。例如:
Turn n the blender fr tw minutes. 将食物搅拌器打开两分钟。
It's t ht，please pen the windw。太热了，请打开窗户。
2.Frget v. 忘记;忘却
Frget为动词，意为“忘记，忘却”其反义词是remember，意为记得。
辨析: frget t d sth. 与 frget ding sth.
frget t d sth表示，忘记去做某事，此事应该做而没做。例如:
He frgt t clse the dr. 他忘了关门。
Frget ding sth.表示，忘记曾经做过某事，强调的是忘记了已经做过的事情。例如：
I frgt telling her abut it. 我忘记曾经把这件事情告诉他了。
3.finally adv. 最后;最终
Finally意为“最后，最终”;其同义词组是in the end, at last。在句中作状语，通常位于句首句末或实义动词之前；be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，例如:
Finally，they gt t the village。
最后他们到达了那个村庄。
辨析:finally , at last与in the end
三者均可译为最后最终有时可以互换。
finally侧重最后的结果，一般不带感情色彩。例如：
They talked abut it fr hurs，finally they decided nt t g。
他们为此讨论了几小时，最后他们决定不去了。
at last侧重先后顺序带有胶浓厚的感情色彩。例如：
He studied hard, and at last，he gt the first in his class.
他努力学习，终于在班级里取得了第一名。
C) in the end意为最后期中and为名词。例如：
He tried many different jbs , and in the end he became a pstman，
他尝试了许多不同种类的工作，最后当了邮递员。
4.Next , fill the turkey with his bread mix .然后用这些面包混合填充火鸡。
Fill意为“装满，填满”；可作及物动词与不及物动词，常与with连成构成短语fill with意为用…把…填满。例如：
Fill the bttle with the hney. 用蜂蜜把瓶子装满。
“填满”的用法
be filled with是fill …with…的被动语态，表示被……充满。例如：
The bag was filled with fd by him. 袋子里被他装满了食物。
be full f意为“装满填满”，例如:
The classrm is full f students. 教室里坐满了学生。
The cup is full f water.
杯子里装满了水。
5.When it is ready，please the turkey n a large plate and cver it with gravy当火准备好时，把火鸡放在一个大盘子上，并肉汁勾芡一下。
Cver意为“覆盖，遮盖”，既可以表示无意地将某物放在另一物的上面，也可以表示有意地隐藏，遮掩。常用短语cver …with…意为用“用…把…盖起来”。例如：
Mary cvered her face with her hands。玛丽用双手捂住了脸。
Cver的其他用法
cver作及物动词时接名词或代词作宾语，可用于被动结构be cvered with译为被什么什么覆盖。例如：
the highway was cvered with snw.公路被雪覆盖了。
cver作名词时意为盖子覆盖物。某具体事物的掩盖物或外套还可以指书等的封皮封面是可数名词。例如：
On the frnt cver f the magazine is a picture f a by.
杂志的封面是一张男孩子的照片。
6.Anther prn. 另一;又一
anther，意为“另一，又一”。例如：
This hat is t big，please give me anther ne。这顶帽子太大了，请给我另一顶。
辨析:anther与the ther。Anther和the ther可表示，另一个
anther指三个或三个以上中的另一个；the ther表示两者之中的另一个。例如：
I will give yu anther example .我给你举另一个例子。
I have tw sisters. ne is a wrker，and the ther is a teacher.
我有两个姐姐，一个是工人，另一个是教师。
中考真题链接
一、单项选择
（ ）1. In China, there are mre ________ in primary schls than in high schls.
A. wman teacher B. wmen teachers C. wmen teacher D. wman teachers
（ ）2. --Alice, which seasn d yu like best?
--Autumn. The fallen _______ are like a thick blanket n the grund. What beautiful scenery it is!
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves
（ ）3. Many freigners came t ur schl last week, including three _______ and fur ________.
A. German, American B. Germans. American
C. Germans. Americans D. German, Americans
（ ）4. My friend Dave helped me a lt by giving me____ n English learning.
A. advices B. many advice C. sme advice D.an advice
（ ）5. Can yu imagine what life will be like in _time?
A.20 years' B.20 year's C.20-years' D.20-years
（ ）6. —Mre and mre peple cme t visit Jingzhu Ancient City.
—That’s true. It has becme the f Jingzhu.
A. effrt B. praise C. curage D. pride
（ ）7. Mickey muse is ne f the mst famus ______ in American ______.
A. symbl; culture B. symbl; cultures C. symbls; culture D. symbls; cultures
（ ）8. _____ mthers can’t g t the parents’ meeting because they are t busy.
A. Jack’s and Paul B. Jack’s and Paul’s C. Jack and Paul’s D. Jack and Paul
（ ）9.The Three Grges Dam prduces________ fr millins f peple in China.
A. electricity B. influence C. transprt D. technlgy
I. 语法填空
Every year abut 40,000 peple attempt t climb Kilimanjar, the highest muntain in Africa. They bring with them lts f waste. The ___1___ might damage the beauty f the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the _face f Kilimanjar.
（ ）1. A. stries B. buildings C. crwds D. reprters
（ ）2. We can bserve that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________n ur lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact C. impressin D. judgment
（ ）3. Nwadays the ___________ fr travelling is shifted frm shpping t fd and scenery.
A. pririty B. ptential C. prprtin D. pensin
4. Making Chinese (dish)is seen as especially trublesme.
5.This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(医学界）as a methd f fighting heart disease has had sme unintended side (effect) such as verweight and heart disease -the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
II．单句改错
One afternn where I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund. Suddenly ftball fell just in frnt f me and almst hit me. I stpped the ball and kicked it hard back t the playgrund. T everyne`s surprising, the ball went int the net. All the ftball player n the playgrund cheered ludly.
Last winter when I went there again，they had a big separate huse t raise dzens f chicken.
At that mment, I remembered at m' father nce said,“The classrm is a place fr learning and that includes learning frm textbks, and mistake as well.”
一.基础知识梳理
名词
分类
普通名词
个体名词
表示人或物的个体，
如：teacher, pen, hand
集体名词
表示个体组成的集合体，
如：family, team, plice
物质名词
表示无法分为个体的固体、液体、气体等实物，
如：ice, water, gas
抽象名词
表示抽象概念的，如性质、状态、情感等的名词，如：sadness, happiness, wrk
专有名词
人名、地名、机构、事物、组织、概念、节日等。
如：Lndn, Jhn, the Cmmunist Party f China
名词复数构成规律
规则变化
1. 一般情况加s,如：pen—pens, dctr—dctrs,by—bys, 其读音规则是在清辅音后读［s］，在元音和浊辅音后读［z］。
如:map—map ， by—bys.
2. 在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加es。
如：bus—buses,class—classes,其读音为［iz］。
3. 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s，其读音为［iz］。
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要将y变为i再加es，读作［z］，如：factry—factries,cuntry—cuntries, family—families.但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如:by—bys,day—days。
5. 以结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es，但如果前面是元音字母或外来词，缩写词以结尾的则只加s。
如：tmat—tmates,her—heres;pht—phts,radi—radis,pian—pians
6. 以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变为v再加es，如：knife—knives, leaf—leaves, 但有些例外的词如rf的复数形式是rfs。
7. 不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的，它没有规律可循，如:man—men,wman—wmen, child—children, ft—feet,tth—teeth, muse—mice
8. 单复同形的名词有：fish, sheep,deer…
9. 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:peple,plice等。名词还有格的变化，其主格可作主语，宾格可作宾语。还有所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's其复数形式是s'，如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's，如：a student's rm, students' rms, Children's Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家……名词的所有格要用's，如：a twenty minutes' walk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用f结构，如：the capital f ur cuntry, the clur f the flwers
不规则变化
①改变单数名词中的元音字母
②单复数形式相同，如：sheep, deer, fish, means
③表示某国人的名词的复数形式因习惯不同而各异
a.单复数形式相同（多以ese结尾），如：Chinese, , Swiss
b.词尾加-s（多以-an结尾），如：Americans, Kreans, Indians
c.将man变成men，将wman变成 wmen，如：Englishman-Englishmen
④其他形式，如：muse—mice, child- children
名词所有格
加-’s/-s’
①名词单数形式,用-’s,表示,如: the girl’s bks
②复数形式,用s’表示,如Teachers’ bks
注：所有格后所接名词表示地点时候，地点名词可省略。如：the dctr’s
③复合名词在最后的名词后加’s，如brther-in-law’s bks
④表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城市，地点无生命的名词也可用’s形式来表示其所有关系，如：three days walk
借助介词f
无生命的物体的名词所有格常用f表示。如：the cver f the bk
双重所有格
由’s所有格和f所有格组合修饰名词，如：an ld friend f Tm’s
考点敲黑板
1.可数名词的数
(1)单、复数同形。如：means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese，Japanese，sheep，wrks(工厂)，cattle。
(2)合成名词的复数。
如：byfriend→byfriends，gbetween→gbetweens(中间人)，grwnup→grwnups。
(3)有些名词通常只用作复数。
如：glasses眼镜，clthes衣服，gds货物，trusers裤子，belngings所有物，wages工资，riches财富，surrundings环境，ashes灰尘，cmpasses圆规，cattle家畜，cngratulatins祝贺，have wrds with sb.同某人吵架，in high spirits以很高热情地，give ne’s regards t sb.向某人问候，in rags衣衫破烂，It is gd manners t d sth.有礼貌做某事。
(4)集体名词的数。
有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：peple，cattle，plice； 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery，furniture，mankind，jewellery；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。
2.不可数名词的数
高常考的不可数名词 furniture luggage equipment petry jewelry machinery infrmatin scenery knwledge hmewrk evidence air water rice salt infrmatin
一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：
①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。
抽象名词(不可数)
具体化(个体名词，可数名词)
in surprise惊讶地
a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功
a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
win hnr赢得荣誉
an hnr引起尊敬的人(事)
failure失败
a failure失败者
by experience靠经验
an experience一次经历
with pleasure乐意
a pleasure乐事
②抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。
A knwledge f English is a must in internatinal trade.
Wuld yu like t have a walk (swim，bath，talk) with me？
It is a waste f time reading such a nvel.
She made an aplgy t her mther fr her wrng dings.
(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。
物质名词有形或数的相应物体时，有单、复数。如：sme cffee一些咖啡，a cffee一杯咖啡，three cffees三杯咖啡，sme drink一些饮料，a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。
3. 名词作定语
英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。
(1)分类意义。
air pllutin 空气污染 by friend男朋友 cffee cup咖啡杯
bdy language身体语言. rad accident交通事故 the Nbel Prize诺贝尔奖
(2)时间、地点、称呼等。
Dctr Jack杰克医生 Prfessr Li李教授
evening schl夜校 winter sleep冬眠
(3)表目的、手段、来源、所属意义。
receptin desk接待台 sprts field田径场
stne table石桌 clr TV彩电
名词跟踪练习
（ ）1. Dave really likes driving. I think being a _____ is just right fr him.
A. dctrB. teacherC. farmerD. driver
（ ）2. The by has been missing fr five days and his parents are wrried abut his______.
A. attentin B. safety C. actin D. grwth
（ ）3. _____ are planning t g n vacatin.
A. Black’sB. A Black’sC. The Black’sD. The Blacks
（ ）4. Nne f them talked. They finished their meal in _____.
A. silenceB. rderC. placeD. public
（ ）5. Annie has a _____, and she is ging t see her dentist tday.
A. cldB. feverC. cughD. tthache
（ ）6. He has a cllectin f _____. He can nt nly enjy them but als use them t mail letters.
A. stampsB. nvelsC. instrumentsD. magazines
（ ）7. —______ is it frm the schl t the pst ffice?
—It’s abut ten ______ walk.
A. Hw far; minutes’B. Hw far; minutes C. Hw lng; minutes D. Hw lng; minutes’
（ ） 8. —Is the schlbag under the desk yurs?
—N, it’s my______. He left it there just nw.
A. brther B. brther’s C. brthers’ D. brthers
（ ）9. The New Yrk Times is a ppular daily _____.
A. dictinary B. magazine C. newspaper D. guidebk
（ ）10. There are lts f _____ that students have t fllw in schl.
A. exercises B. prblems C. skills D. rules
一．单句语法填空检测题
1． In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunayut _have reprted increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a ______ (believe) that ppulatins are increasing.
2． The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister.
3． The Harry Ptter bks are quite ppular; they are in great________(demanding) in this city.
4． Handle the mst imprtant tasks first s yu’ll feel a real sense f ________(achieve)．
5． Recent________(study) shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt breaks regularly.
6． Visiting an apple event is a gd chance t see, and ften taste, a wide variety f ________(apple)．
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River that are pictured by artists in s many Chinese________(painting)．
My first ________(impress) f him was that he was a kind and thughtful yung man.
9． While there are amazing stries f instant transfrmatin, fr mst f us the________(change)are gradual and require a lt f effrt and wrk, like cleaning up a plluted river.
10． Fr example, we can d reading fr ne and a half ______(hur) and play sprts fr ne hur every day.________
11． Althugh these ________(measure) are nt effective frever, they are vital fr nw.
12. The cllege years are suppsed t be a time fr imprtant ________(grw) in autnmy (自主性) and the develpment f adult identity.
13． The ________(life) f these peple have finally been recrded thanks t the effects f a Frenchman frm Paris called Gin.
14．—Why d yu chse t wrk in an internatinal travel agency?
—Well，yu knw，English is my ________(strng)．S it is my best chice.
15．The weather ________(effect) bth gd and bad, are felt in many places.
16． Sme schls will have t make ________(adjust) in agreement with the natinal sccer refrm.
17． —G and say srry t yur Mm, Dave.
— I’d like t, but I’m afraid she wn’t be happy with my ________(aplgize)．
18． One f the mst effective ways t reduce ________(stressful) is t talk abut feelings with smene yu trust.
19． When he was running after his brther, the by lst his ________(balanced) and had a bad fall.
20． There is n need t tell me yur answer nw. Give it sme________(think) and then let me knw.
21． —Why nt buy a secnd-hand car first if yu dn’t have enugh mney fr a new ne?
—That’s a gd____________(suggest)．
22．While she was in Paris，she develped a ____________(tasty) fr fine art.
23．Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pinted them ut with ________(patient)．
24．I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beynd ____________(recgnize)．
25．The schl advisers help yu talk thrugh yur prblems but they dn’t give yu any direct ____________(slve)．
26．—We’ve been destrying lts f frests every year. —What a shame！We’ll be the __________(victim) f ur wn flish behavir.
27．There are ____________(sign) t shw that a new，different city is cming ut f its dark past.
28．The plan was in ____________(ruin) just because peple were unwilling t cperate.
29．It was a difficult jb fr him .He had tried everything but it made little ____________(different)．
30．The plice fund a few ____________(knife) in the thief’s rm，which were used t pen safes.
31．Her ________(mtivate) fr writing was a desire fr wmen t get the right t higher educatin.
二． 真题模拟训练
（ ）1. The__________ that there is life n ther planets in the universe has always inspired scientists t explre the uter space.
A. advice B. rder C. pssibility D. invitatin
（ ）2. Try t understand what’s actually happening instead f acting n the _______ yu’ve made.
A. assignment B. assciatin C. acquisitin D. assumptin
3. The disappearance f dinsaurs is nt necessarily caused by astrnmical incidents. But alternative _________(explain) are hard t find.
4. It is imprtant t pay yur ________(electric)bill n time, as late payments may affect yur credit.
（ ）5. —Can yu tell us yur recipe fr _________(happy) and a lng life?
—Living every day t the full, definitely.
（ ）6.He gave himself a new name t hide his ____ when he went t carry ut the secret task.
A. emtin B. talent C. identity D. treasure
（ ）7. There is n need t tell me yur answer nw. Give it sme ______ and then let me knw.
A. thught B. supprt C. prtectin D. authrity
（ ）8.—G and say srry t yur Mm, Dave.
—I’d like t, but I’m afraid she wn’t be happy with my ______ .
A. requests B. excuses C. aplgies D. regrets
（ ）9. Sme schls will have t make ______ in agreement with the natinal sccer refrm.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. cmments D. achievements
（）10. The failure was a big __________t him, but he wasn't discuraged and sn gt as enthusiastic as ever.
A. blwB. issueC. excuseD. Factr
三． 单句改错
Accrding t a reprt，the habitat f many wild animals and plant，the Plar Bears included，is threatened.
2. Apart frm ding sme cleaning fr the ld peple，giving sme perfrmance with my friends is anther thing I can d.
3．—Jeremy Lin wrks extremely hard.
—S he des. He is ften seen sweating heavily befre his teammate have even arrived at the gym.
4．I will never sell my furnitures t anyne at any time，whatever he may pay fr it.
5．He lst his way in a small village. Otherwise，he wuld have visited mre places f interests yesterday.
6．My ld classrm was interesting because three side f the classrm were made f glass.
7．Mum taught me sme basic step f baking.
8．We’ve called several time abut Cle’s early mrning barking.
9．If yu want t wn an iPhne 6 ahead，yu’ll have t make a reserve，r yu will wait fr sme time.
10．A new study shws that if yur friends and family get fat，the chance are that yu will t.
11. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Many rare animals are dying ut.
12. Mm has a full-time jb, but she has t d mst f the husewrks.
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