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英语必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters教案及反思
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这是一份英语必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters教案及反思，共22页。教案主要包含了Unit4，talked等内容，欢迎下载使用。
定语从句（一）
（一）---关系代词的用法
在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常由关系代词或关系 副词引导，说明事物的具体信息，从句位于被修饰词之后 。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词, 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当成分。关系词有两种: 关系代词wh, whm ,whse, that, which, as和关系副词when, where, why。
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一般说来，限制性定语从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，如果省略会影响全句的主要意思，这种定语从句前面不用逗号隔开；而非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明, 通常和主句用逗号隔开, 将从句去掉后句子的意思仍然完整，译成汉语时, 从句常单独译成一句话，除了that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句，其他关系词的用法和限制性定语从句关系词的用法相同。
关系代词的用法
一．判断定语从句的关系代词的方法：
如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该句子就是定语从句。主要按照以下三步来判断：
1.找准先行词（定语从句前的名词或代词）。
2.把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当什么成分。
3.根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的引导词。
如果先行词在从句中作主语，宾语，定语，表语，则用关系代词，关系代词主要有wh, whm ,whse, that, which, as。
二．关系代词的基本用法
三．关系代词易错点：
三．易混的关系代词辨析：
（一）that 和 which
（二）which和 as（引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句内容）
四．as引导的定语从句的用法
（一）as引导的定语从句
（二）易混句式辨析
1. such/ s…as…和such/ s…that…
2. the same…as…和the same…that…
课堂练习
一．名言背诵
1.He wh wuld climb the ladder must begin at the bttm. 千里之行,始于足下。
2.He laughs best wh laughs last. 谁笑到最后,谁笑得最美。
3.Nthing is t difficult t the man wh will try. 世上无难事,只要肯登攀。
4.Gd helps thse wh help themselves. 自助者天助之。
5.Nt all that glitters is gld. 闪光的不都是金子。
二．用正确的关系代词填空
1. The trees ________ stand by the river were planted by us.
2. She never gives in t thse ________ have mney.
3. This is the best film ________ has been shwn s far in the city.
4. February is the nly mnth ________ has fewer than 30 days.
5. My sn made ntes f everything ________ he read.
6. Yesterday I met the teacher ________ nce taught us maths.
7. Will yu shw me the girl ________ name is Wei Fang?
8. The tall girl ________ is standing there is a friend f my elder sister’s.
9.The freigner _____ visited ur class yesterday is frm Canada.
10 Please pass me the bk _____is lying n the table.
11. ---- Class, yu shuld be thankful t thse peple _______ helped and supprted yu.
---- We will. Miss Chen.
12. ----Is this the new dictinary_______ yu gt yesterday?
----Yes. Nw it's very cnvenient fr me t lk up wrds.
13.--D yu knw the student _______gt an A in the English exam?
---Of curse. She is my deskmate, Li Hng
14. I really like the family pht _____ we tk n my grandpa’s 80th birthday.
15. My grandparents like stries ________ endings are happy.
16.Yuan Lngping is a Chinese rice scientist _____ is leading a search t develp “sea rice”.
17.The teacher _______I like best ften encurages me t fight fr my dream.
18. Jack likes being with the classmates __________are utging and kind.
19. A kind f shared bike _____is called bluegg is getting mre and mre ppular in Chengdu.
20. Tu Yuyu is the wman _______ used the plant’s special pwer t save millins f lives.
21.His parents wuldn't let him marry anyne _____ family was pr.
22.It is the third time that she has wn the race, ____ has surprised us all.
23.Can yu remember the scientist and his thery _____ we have learned?
24.Until nw, we have raised 50, 000 punds fr the pr children, _____ is quite unexpected.
25. _____ is reprted , the number f smkers has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
26. Yesterday Mr. Green went t his hmetwn and visited the ld huse in ______ he was brn.
27. The man, frm______ I learned the news, is an engineer.
28. — D yu like the weekly talk shw The Readers n CCTV?
— Sure．It’ s a great TV prgram ______ purpse is t bring the habit f reading back int the public.
29. Children ______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
30. After graduating frm cllege, I tk sme time ff t g travelling, turned ut t be a wise decisin.
三．单项选择
1.----Qingda is the mst beautiful city ____ I’ve ever been t.
----S it is. Many internatinal meetings are held there every year.
A. that B. which C. what
2.----Have yu watched the play “In the name f Peple” ?
---It’s the mst ppular play ______ur Party’s trying t struggle against crruptin（腐败）.
A. where; shw B. which ;shw C. that ;shws D. wh ;shws
3.We are talking abut the pian and the pianist ______were in the cncert last night.
A. that B. which C. wh D. whm
4.一CCTV has prduced a TV shw-Chinese Petry Cmpetitin. Have yu seen it?
一Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, _____studies at the High Schl Affiliated t Fudan, is the winner.
A. which B. where C. wh D. whm
5. Accrding t a survey, peple _______ are able t speak tw languages can manage tw things at the same time mre easily.
A. whichB. whm C. whseD. wh
6.She ften parks her car near the huse ______ she can easily get t.
A. where B. whC. which D. what
7.We shuld lk up t thse scientists sent Tianzhu-1 Carg Spaceship t space.
A. which B. wh C. what
8. I’d like t tell yu abut the table manners ________ yu shuld knw when yu visit France.
A. which B. wh C. what D. hw
9.Rald Dahl was a great children’s writer. His dark past helped him paint a picture was different t mst ther writers.
A. that B. wh C. / D. whm
10. —What kind f mvies d yu prefer?
—I prefer the mvies ________ me smething t think abut.
A. which give B. that gives C. that gives D. wh gives
11. She is the girl ________ brther is studying abrad .
A. that B. wh C. whse D. whm
12. Everyne ______ is a server knws that custmers always cme first.
A. whm B. what C. wh D. which
13. --Only Yu is a TV prgram __is ppular with mst yung peple.--Yes, it is definitely true.
A. thatB. whseC. whatD. wh
14. Yu are talented yung adults______ full f hpe fr the future.
A. wh; isB. whm; isC. whm; areD. wh; are
15. This is a heartwarming stry abut a by_____ saved his mther's life.
A. which B. wh C. whse D. whm
16. I’ve becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl _______ I met in the English speech cntest last year.
A. wh B. where C. when D. which
17. Many children, parents are wrking in big cities, are taken gd care f in the village．
A. their B. whse C. them D. whm
18. As a child, Jack studied in a village schl, ______ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
19. His mvie wn several awards at the film festival, was beynd his wildest dream.
A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it
20. She is ne f the teachers _________ much teaching experience.
A. wh; has B. wh; have C. whm; has D. whm; have
答案：
二．1.that/which 2.wh 3.that 4.that 5.that 6.wh/that 7.whse 8.wh/that
9.wh /that 10. which/that 11. wh 12. that/which 13. wh/that 14. that/which 15. whse
16. wh/that 17. wh/whm/that 18. wh/that 19. that/which 20. wh/that 21. whse 22.which 23. that 24. which 25. As 26.which 27. whm 28.whse 29. whse 30. which
三．1-5 ACACD 6-10 CBAAA 11-15 CCADB 16-20 ABAAB
主题写作--自然灾害
应用文写作 (满分15分)
假定你是李华，你校英语报社将举办主题为自然灾害的征文活动。请你给英国朋友 Alice写一封邮件，邀请她参加。内容包括：
说明缘由；
请她介绍美国的自然灾害并谈谈影响、应对措施等；
告知征文的截稿日期。
注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Alice,
Our schl English paper will hld an essay cmpetitin whse theme is Natural Disasters. I'd like t invite yu t take part in it.
It is well-knwn that many natural disasters happen every year in America, causing great damage. Yu can intrduce the main natural disasters, such as hurricanes and snwstrms and tell sme cmmn knwledge abut them. Fr example, yu can discuss hw they happen, what harm they may cause, and what yu can d in the face f disasters. The measures yu take may benefit us, as we als face many natural disasters.
The deadline is June 8th, 2019. Lking frward t yur article.
Yurs,
Li Hua
课后练习
语法填空
My name is Nra.I live in Mscw nw,but I was brn in Qingda.We 1. (mve) t Mscw fur years ag when my dad gt a new jb here.I didn’t want t leave China 2. I had a great life there.I had lts f friends and everyne gt alng well 3. each ther.We had fun 4. (swim) almst every day after schl.And the weather was always great.At first,I didn’t like the life in Mscw when we arrived.It was still winter, 5. the weather wasn’t very nice.It was 6. (real) cld and it snwed all the time.I didn’t have any friends.I felt sad and 7. (lne) and wanted t g back t China.Things gt 8. (gd) when I started schl.All the kids at schl were 9. (friend) t me.Nw I enjy 10. (live) here.I think Mscw is a great city.
答案：1.mved 2.because 3.with 4.swimming 5.s 6.really 7.lnely 8.better 9.friendly 10.living
完形填空
I shall never frget the day when the earthquake tk place.The time was 5:15 in the afternn and I was driving alng the rad t 1 my daughter frm schl.Our plan was t g 2 tgether.I had finished wrk at abut 4 ’clck and then 3 t the pst ffice.Then I stpped 4 at a shp in rder t get sme fresh 5 .We like t have sme fruit t eat after ur swim.
I was driving alng a high rad n my way t the schl.Over my rad was anther way fr cars cming the ther way.I was 6 s I put the bag f apples in the seat 7 me and started t eat ne.
Suddenly I saw the cars in frnt f me start t mve frm side t side.I slwed dwn.Then 8 started t shake.I didn’t knw what was happening. 9 smething had gne wrng with my car.I drve 10 slwer.I stpped the car and at the same mment the rad fell nt the cars in frnt f me.
I fund myself in the dark.I culdn’t mve.The bttm parts f bth my legs and my 11 were hurting badly and I culdn’t mve them.All arund me was 12 .But belw me I culd hear shuts and a lt f nise.Then I 13 what had happened.I had been in an earthquake.
Fr abut tw hurs nbdy came.Luckily I culd 14 the bag f apples,s at least I had plenty t eat.Then I 15 peple climbing twards me.A team f peple came t see if anyne was under the brken 16 .I called ut “I’m here!” I heard a shut,and sn 17 climbed t the side f the bridge near my car.“Hw are yu ding?” he asked.
“Nt t bad,” I said,“but my feet and legs 18 as if they’re brken.” “We’ll have yu ut f there just as 19 as we can,” he said.They didn’t get me ut 20 the next mrning.I had been in my car fr 14 hurs.
B.bringC.getD.send
B.shppingC.climbingD.skating
B.cameC.reachedD.gne
B.awayC.verD.here
B.fruitC.drinksD.meat
B.excitedC.surprisedD.hungry
B.belwC.besideD.behind
carB.my handsC.my feetD.the rad
B.SurelyC.SuddenlyD.Quickly
B.mreC.evenD.very
B.armsC.handsD.fingers
B.quietC.cldD.nisy
tldB.fund utC.discveredD.remembered
B.hldC.catchD.reach
B.sawC.fundD.recgnised
B.radC.carD.trees
17.A.a strangerB.a friendC.my daughterD.a driver
B.lkC.seemD.appear
B.easyC.snD.pssible
B.tC.untilD.after
答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.C
三、阅读理解
A
Many peple think the dinsaurs were the biggest animals that ever lived.They are wrng.The wrld’s biggest animal is still living and it lives in the cean.It is called the blue whale.Blue whales can be as lng as 30 meters and weigh as much as 1,000 kils.The largest dinsaurs weighted nly 500 kils.
The whale is nt nly the wrld’s biggest animal but als ne f the smartest animals.We knw that whales can cmmunicate with each ther,althugh we d nt knw what they are saying.Perhaps ne day we will learn hw t cmmunicate with whales,and then they will be able t tell us abut themselves.
Althugh they live in the cean,whales dn’t lay eggs like fish d.They are mammals.They give birth t babies and prduce milk inside their wn bdies t feed them.Humans are als mammals.
There are lts f stries abut whales,but perhaps the mst famus stry is Mby Dick,which was written by an American writer named Heman Melville.In the bk,a sailr named Captain Ahab spends a lt f time trying t find and kill an enrmus white whale named Mby Dick.
Sadly,there aren’t many kinds f whales left.Peple have killed them fr fd and ther things fr thusands f years.Hwever,there are nw laws t stp peple killing mst kinds f whales s perhaps there will be mre f them in years t cme.
1.Whales can .
A.tell us abut themselves
B.lay eggs
C.cmmunicate with each ther
D.live n land
2.Mby Dick is .
A.a stry written by Heman Melville
B.a sailr
C.the name f a blue whale
D.a famus dinsaur
3.There are nt many kinds f whales left because .
A.they dn’t lay eggs
B.peple have killed them
C.they live in the cean
D.there are laws against them
4.The passage is mainly abut .
A.the wrld’s biggest animal
B.lts f stries abut whales
C.laws t stp peple killing whales
D.the differences between dinsaurs and whales
B
Sme peple can never be frgtten.That’s because their names becme cmmn wrds.As many as 50,000 wrds in the English language get their meaning frm peple’s names.Sme are real peple,while thers are characters in bks r stries.
Often a new dish is given the name f its inventr.The Chinese dish gngba chicken was created in Sichuan Prvince by Ding Bazhen.He served the ht dish when he was gvernr f the prvince frm 1876 t 1886.After Ding died,peple named the dish fr him.
The fisherman Willem Beukelz began t pickle(腌制) fish in the 14 century.His methd f pickling fish was widely used,but peple didn’t prnunce his name “Beukelz”.Sn “pickles” became ppular in many cuntries.
Granny Smith apples are named fr Maria Ann Smith,a grandmther.Maria was brn int a farm family in Britain in 1799 and married Thmas Smith at the age f 19.Then they mved t Australia.On their farm near Sydney they grew apple trees.Their special kind f apple became knwn in Australia as a Granny Smith.
Mre than just fds take peple’s names.Many peple enjy riding n a Ferris wheel,named fr engineer Gerge designed the first ne fr Chicag’s Wrld Clumbian Expsitin in 1893.
Scientific laws,diseases,sprts terms and places arund the wrld als use peple’s names.Yu can’t escape them.They’re everywhere!
5. Abut 50,000 English wrds get their meanings frm .
A.peple’s interests
B.peple’s names
C.the names f places
D.the names f cuntries
6. The methd f pickling was frm .
A.a farmer B.a gvernr
C.an engineer D.a fisherman
7. Which statement abut Granny Smith apples is TRUE?
A.The name is frm Maria’s grandmther.
B.Maria named the apples befre she gt married.
C.Granny Smith apples became famus in Australia.
D.The Smiths grew apples n their farm in Britain.
答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7.C
四．七选五
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Taking gd ntes is a time-saving skill that will help yu t becme a better student in several ways. 1 Secnd,yur ntes are excellent materials t refer t when yu are studying fr a test.Third,nte-taking ffers variety t yur study time and helps yu t hld yur interest.
Yu will want t take ntes during classrm discussins and while reading a textbk r ding research fr a reprt. 2 Whenever r hwever yu take ntes,keep in mind that nte-taking is a selective prcess. 3
The fllwing methds may wrk best fr yu.
●Read the text quickly t find the main facts and ideas in it.
●Carefully read the text and watch fr wrds that can shw main pints and supprting facts.
● Write yur ntes in yur wn wrds.
● 4
● Nte any questins r ideas yu may have abut what was said r written.
As yu take ntes,yu may want t use yur wn shrthand(速记).When yu d,be sure that yu understand yur symbls and that yu use them all the time. 5
A.Use wrds,nt cmplete sentences.
B.There are three practical nte-taking methds.
C.Yu must write yur ntes n separate paper.
D.Otherwise,yu may nt be able t read yur ntes later.
E.Yu will als want t develp yur wn methd fr taking ntes.
F.That means yu must first decide what is imprtant enugh t include in yur ntes.
G.First,the simple act f writing smething dwn makes it easier fr yu t understand and remember it.
答案：1.G 2.E 3.F 4.A 5.D
指代
关系代词以及在定语从句中充当的成分
例句
1.人
wh(主语、宾语)
whm(宾语)
that(主语、宾语)
The man wh/that is speaking at the meeting is a famus scientist. （作is speaking的主语）
在会上讲话的人是一位著名的科学家。
He wh/that des nt reach the Great Wall is nt a true man. （作des nt reach的主语）
不到长城非好汉。
This is the famus scientist (wh/whm/that) we visited last week. （作visited的宾语）
这就是我们上周拜访的那位著名科学家。
2.物
that(主语、宾语)
which(主语、宾语)
He finally wrked ut the prblem which/ that puzzled him fr a lng time. （作puzzled的主语）
他最后解出了这个令他困惑很久的问题。
The fish (that/which) we bught yesterday were nt fresh. （作bught的宾语）
我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。
3.人的；
物的
whse(定语)
They rushed ver t help the man whse car brke dwn. （whse car=the man’s car，作定语，修饰car）
他们跑过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人。
There is a muntain whse tp is always cvered with snw.( whse tp=the muntain’s tp，作定语，修饰tp)
有一座山顶常年被雪覆盖的山。
4.句子
（在非限制性定语从句中）
which(主语、宾语)
as(主语、宾语)
The weather turned ut very gd, which was mre than we culd expect. （which指代“天气最后晴朗起来”，作was的主语）
天气最后晴朗起来，这是我们没有料到的。
As everyne knws ,China is a beautiful cuntry with a lng histry . （As指代“中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家”，作knws 的宾语）
每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。
1.关系代词的省略
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略；做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中不可省略。
Is he the man wh /that wants t see yu?( 作wants的主语不可省略)
他就是那个想见你的人吗？
Hangzhu is a beautiful city(that/which)I always want t visit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）
杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。
Hangzhu ,which I visited last week, is a beautiful city.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）
杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。
2.从句中代词的重复多余
定语从句中的引导词指代先行词，并在从句中作成分，从句中不能再出现指代该先行词的代词。
The bk that I read it yesterday is very interesting.（×）
The bk that I read yesterday is very interesting.（√）
我昨天读的那本书很有趣。
This is the wman wh I met her last time.（×）
This is the wman wh I met last time. （√）
这就是我上次遇见的妇女。
3.关系代词和代词的误用
定语从句的引导词要用关系代词，而不能用一般代词。
This is the by he tld me a stry yesterday. （×）
This is the by wh tld me a stry yesterday. （√）
这就是昨天给我讲故事的男孩。
This is the by his father is ur headmaster. （×）
This is the by whse father is ur headmaster. （√）
这就是这个男孩，他的爸爸是我们的校长。
4.what不引导定语从句
定语从句中有关系代词that和which ，而没有what ，what 可以引导名词性从句。
All that we need is a supply f il. (that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all)
What we need is a supply f il. (what引导主语从句)
我们需要的是石油供应。
5.that不引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开）
在非限制性定语从句，不能用关系代词that。如果指代“人”，用关系代词wh/ whm，指代“物”，用关系代词which。
The basketball star, wh tried t make a cmeback, attracted lts f attentin. 这位打算复出的篮球明星引起了很多关注。
Beijing, which is the capital f China, is a beautiful city. 中国的首都北京是座美丽的城市。
He has becme a dctr, which he wanted t be.
他成为了一名医生，这是他以前一直梦想的。
6.介词+which/whm
先行词在从句中作介词宾语，若介词提前，指代物时，只能用which，不用that； 指代人时，只能用whm，而不用wh。介词不提前时，用that/which, wh /whm都可以。
I have the bk abut which yu are talking.
= I have the bk (that/ which) yu are talking abut.
我有你现在谈论的那本书。
The man with whm I talked just nw is frm Beijing University.
= The man( wh / whm/that) I talked with just nw is frm Beijing University.
刚才和我谈话的那个人是从北京大学来的。
7.whse+n.
= the+n
+f which
=f which
+the+n.
whse+n.可与the+n +f which
互换，而且f which也可置于名词之前，名词之前必须有定冠词the。
I live in the rm whse windw faces suth.( whse windw=the rm’s windw)
I live in the rm the windw f which / f which the windw faces suth.( the windw f which= the windw f the rm)
我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。
8. 定语从句中的主谓一致:
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句的谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
注意：当先行词为“ne f +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；当先行词为“the (nly/very)ne f +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
He is a gd student wh likes t help thers.
他是一个乐于助人的好学生。
They are gd students wh like t help thers.
他们是乐于助人的好学生。
He is ne f the students wh were praised.
他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。
He is the ne/ the nly ne f the students wh was praised. 他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。
1.用that，不用which的情况
①当先行词为不定代词：everything, anything, nthing, all, any, much, many, sme, few, little, nne等或当先行词被n, sme, any, all, much, little等词修饰时，只能用that。
T get the jb started, all that I need is yur permissin.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。
Is there anything that I can d fr yu?有什么要我做的事吗?
He answered few questins that were asked by the reprters.他几乎没有回答记者提问的问题。
②当先行词被the nly, the very, the same等词修饰时。
That’s the nly thing that we can d nw.目前我们只能这样了。
This is the very pen that I am lking fr. 这正是我找的钢笔。
He still lives in the same huse that we visited ten years ag. 他还住在十年前我们参观的同一座房子里。
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This was ne f the mst interesting bks that were sld in this bk stre.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that shuld be dne is t get sme fd.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。
I’m ging t talk abut the cuntries and peple that I have visited.
我要谈论一下我所访问的国家和人民。
⑤当要避免与疑问词which重复时。
Which is the T-shirt that fits me mst?
那件体恤衫最适合我？
2.用which，不用that的情况
①在非限制性定语从句中
Ftball, which is an interesting game, is played all ver the wrld.
全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。
②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。
This is the rm in which my father lived last year.
= This is the rm (that/ which) my father lived in last year.
这是我父亲去年居住过的房子。
1.位置上的区别：
as引导的从句可放在主句首、句末或句中。而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
As is knwn t us all, the earth turns arund the sun.
The earth, as is knwn t us all, turns arund the sun.
The earth turns arund the sun, as /which is knwn t us all.
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
2.语义的区别：
as有“正如”之意，因此主句和从句语义一致，而which表示“这一点” 在意义上相当于一个并列句，可以用and this代替，在语义上可以不一致。
Mike wn the first prize, as was expected.
正如所料想的, 迈克获得了一等奖。
Mike wn the first prize, which was nt expected.
迈克获得了一等奖，这一点没被料想到。
1. 在限制性定语从句中，先行词有such, s, as, the same修饰时，引导词用as。
比较：
I have never read the bk that yu have talked abut. 我从未读过你谈到的这本书。
I have never read such an interesting bk as yu have talked abut.
= I have never read s/ as interesting a bk as yu have talked abut.
我从未读过像你谈到的这样有趣的书。
2. 在非限制性定语从句中，指代整个主句内容。
As we knw, she is a gd teacher.
我们都知道她是一个好老师。
Lily, as we expected, wn the first prize in the cmpetitin yesterday.
像我们所期望的那样, 莉莉在昨天的比赛中获得了一等奖。
①such/s…as…表“像……这样的……”，用来引导定语从句（as在从句中充当主、宾或表语等）
②such/s…that…表示“如此..以致……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
This is such a heavy stne as n ne can lift.（作lift的宾语，是定语从句）
This is such a heavy stne that n ne can lift it. （不缺成分，是结果状语从句）
这是一块如此重的石头，没人能搬得动。
①the same…as…表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性）
②the same…that…表示“同一个”（同一性）
I have bught the same watch as yu have.
我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）
This is the same watch that I lst.
这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）
定语从句（一）
（一）---关系代词的用法
在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常由关系代词或关系 副词引导，说明事物的具体信息，从句位于被修饰词之后 。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词, 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当成分。关系词有两种: 关系代词wh, whm ,whse, that, which, as和关系副词when, where, why。
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一般说来，限制性定语从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，如果省略会影响全句的主要意思，这种定语从句前面不用逗号隔开；而非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明, 通常和主句用逗号隔开, 将从句去掉后句子的意思仍然完整，译成汉语时, 从句常单独译成一句话，除了that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句，其他关系词的用法和限制性定语从句关系词的用法相同。
关系代词的用法
一．判断定语从句的关系代词的方法：
如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该句子就是定语从句。主要按照以下三步来判断：
1.找准先行词（定语从句前的名词或代词）。
2.把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当什么成分。
3.根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的引导词。
如果先行词在从句中作主语，宾语，定语，表语，则用关系代词，关系代词主要有wh, whm ,whse, that, which, as。
二．关系代词的基本用法
三．关系代词易错点：
三．易混的关系代词辨析：
（一）that 和 which
（二）which和 as（引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句内容）
四．as引导的定语从句的用法
（一）as引导的定语从句
（二）易混句式辨析
1. such/ s…as…和such/ s…that…
2. the same…as…和the same…that…
课堂练习
一．名言背诵
1.He wh wuld climb the ladder must begin at the bttm. 千里之行,始于足下。
2.He laughs best wh laughs last. 谁笑到最后,谁笑得最美。
3.Nthing is t difficult t the man wh will try. 世上无难事,只要肯登攀。
4.Gd helps thse wh help themselves. 自助者天助之。
5.Nt all that glitters is gld. 闪光的不都是金子。
二．用正确的关系代词填空
1. The trees ________ stand by the river were planted by us.
2. She never gives in t thse ________ have mney.
3. This is the best film ________ has been shwn s far in the city.
4. February is the nly mnth ________ has fewer than 30 days.
5. My sn made ntes f everything ________ he read.
6. Yesterday I met the teacher ________ nce taught us maths.
7. Will yu shw me the girl ________ name is Wei Fang?
8. The tall girl ________ is standing there is a friend f my elder sister’s.
9.The freigner _____ visited ur class yesterday is frm Canada.
10 Please pass me the bk _____is lying n the table.
11. ---- Class, yu shuld be thankful t thse peple _______ helped and supprted yu.
---- We will. Miss Chen.
12. ----Is this the new dictinary_______ yu gt yesterday?
----Yes. Nw it's very cnvenient fr me t lk up wrds.
13.--D yu knw the student _______gt an A in the English exam?
---Of curse. She is my deskmate, Li Hng
14. I really like the family pht _____ we tk n my grandpa’s 80th birthday.
15. My grandparents like stries ________ endings are happy.
16.Yuan Lngping is a Chinese rice scientist _____ is leading a search t develp “sea rice”.
17.The teacher _______I like best ften encurages me t fight fr my dream.
18. Jack likes being with the classmates __________are utging and kind.
19. A kind f shared bike _____is called bluegg is getting mre and mre ppular in Chengdu.
20. Tu Yuyu is the wman _______ used the plant’s special pwer t save millins f lives.
21.His parents wuldn't let him marry anyne _____ family was pr.
22.It is the third time that she has wn the race, ____ has surprised us all.
23.Can yu remember the scientist and his thery _____ we have learned?
24.Until nw, we have raised 50, 000 punds fr the pr children, _____ is quite unexpected.
25. _____ is reprted , the number f smkers has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
26. Yesterday Mr. Green went t his hmetwn and visited the ld huse in ______ he was brn.
27. The man, frm______ I learned the news, is an engineer.
28. — D yu like the weekly talk shw The Readers n CCTV?
— Sure．It’ s a great TV prgram ______ purpse is t bring the habit f reading back int the public.
29. Children ______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
30. After graduating frm cllege, I tk sme time ff t g travelling, turned ut t be a wise decisin.
三．单项选择
1.----Qingda is the mst beautiful city ____ I’ve ever been t.
----S it is. Many internatinal meetings are held there every year.
A. that B. which C. what
2.----Have yu watched the play “In the name f Peple” ?
---It’s the mst ppular play ______ur Party’s trying t struggle against crruptin（腐败）.
A. where; shw B. which ;shw C. that ;shws D. wh ;shws
3.We are talking abut the pian and the pianist ______were in the cncert last night.
A. that B. which C. wh D. whm
4.一CCTV has prduced a TV shw-Chinese Petry Cmpetitin. Have yu seen it?
一Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, _____studies at the High Schl Affiliated t Fudan, is the winner.
A. which B. where C. wh D. whm
5. Accrding t a survey, peple _______ are able t speak tw languages can manage tw things at the same time mre easily.
A. whichB. whm C. whseD. wh
6.She ften parks her car near the huse ______ she can easily get t.
A. where B. whC. which D. what
7.We shuld lk up t thse scientists sent Tianzhu-1 Carg Spaceship t space.
A. which B. wh C. what
8. I’d like t tell yu abut the table manners ________ yu shuld knw when yu visit France.
A. which B. wh C. what D. hw
9.Rald Dahl was a great children’s writer. His dark past helped him paint a picture was different t mst ther writers.
A. that B. wh C. / D. whm
10. —What kind f mvies d yu prefer?
—I prefer the mvies ________ me smething t think abut.
A. which give B. that gives C. that gives D. wh gives
11. She is the girl ________ brther is studying abrad .
A. that B. wh C. whse D. whm
12. Everyne ______ is a server knws that custmers always cme first.
A. whm B. what C. wh D. which
13. --Only Yu is a TV prgram __is ppular with mst yung peple.--Yes, it is definitely true.
A. thatB. whseC. whatD. wh
14. Yu are talented yung adults______ full f hpe fr the future.
A. wh; isB. whm; isC. whm; areD. wh; are
15. This is a heartwarming stry abut a by_____ saved his mther's life.
A. which B. wh C. whse D. whm
16. I’ve becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl _______ I met in the English speech cntest last year.
A. wh B. where C. when D. which
17. Many children, parents are wrking in big cities, are taken gd care f in the village．
A. their B. whse C. them D. whm
18. As a child, Jack studied in a village schl, ______ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
19. His mvie wn several awards at the film festival, was beynd his wildest dream.
A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it
20. She is ne f the teachers _________ much teaching experience.
A. wh; has B. wh; have C. whm; has D. whm; have
答案：
二．1.that/which 2.wh 3.that 4.that 5.that 6.wh/that 7.whse 8.wh/that
9.wh /that 10. which/that 11. wh 12. that/which 13. wh/that 14. that/which 15. whse
16. wh/that 17. wh/whm/that 18. wh/that 19. that/which 20. wh/that 21. whse 22.which 23. that 24. which 25. As 26.which 27. whm 28.whse 29. whse 30. which
三．1-5 ACACD 6-10 CBAAA 11-15 CCADB 16-20 ABAAB
主题写作--自然灾害
应用文写作 (满分15分)
假定你是李华，你校英语报社将举办主题为自然灾害的征文活动。请你给英国朋友 Alice写一封邮件，邀请她参加。内容包括：
说明缘由；
请她介绍美国的自然灾害并谈谈影响、应对措施等；
告知征文的截稿日期。
注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Alice,
Our schl English paper will hld an essay cmpetitin whse theme is Natural Disasters. I'd like t invite yu t take part in it.
It is well-knwn that many natural disasters happen every year in America, causing great damage. Yu can intrduce the main natural disasters, such as hurricanes and snwstrms and tell sme cmmn knwledge abut them. Fr example, yu can discuss hw they happen, what harm they may cause, and what yu can d in the face f disasters. The measures yu take may benefit us, as we als face many natural disasters.
The deadline is June 8th, 2019. Lking frward t yur article.
Yurs,
Li Hua
课后练习
语法填空
My name is Nra.I live in Mscw nw,but I was brn in Qingda.We 1. (mve) t Mscw fur years ag when my dad gt a new jb here.I didn’t want t leave China 2. I had a great life there.I had lts f friends and everyne gt alng well 3. each ther.We had fun 4. (swim) almst every day after schl.And the weather was always great.At first,I didn’t like the life in Mscw when we arrived.It was still winter, 5. the weather wasn’t very nice.It was 6. (real) cld and it snwed all the time.I didn’t have any friends.I felt sad and 7. (lne) and wanted t g back t China.Things gt 8. (gd) when I started schl.All the kids at schl were 9. (friend) t me.Nw I enjy 10. (live) here.I think Mscw is a great city.
答案：1.mved 2.because 3.with 4.swimming 5.s 6.really 7.lnely 8.better 9.friendly 10.living
完形填空
I shall never frget the day when the earthquake tk place.The time was 5:15 in the afternn and I was driving alng the rad t 1 my daughter frm schl.Our plan was t g 2 tgether.I had finished wrk at abut 4 ’clck and then 3 t the pst ffice.Then I stpped 4 at a shp in rder t get sme fresh 5 .We like t have sme fruit t eat after ur swim.
I was driving alng a high rad n my way t the schl.Over my rad was anther way fr cars cming the ther way.I was 6 s I put the bag f apples in the seat 7 me and started t eat ne.
Suddenly I saw the cars in frnt f me start t mve frm side t side.I slwed dwn.Then 8 started t shake.I didn’t knw what was happening. 9 smething had gne wrng with my car.I drve 10 slwer.I stpped the car and at the same mment the rad fell nt the cars in frnt f me.
I fund myself in the dark.I culdn’t mve.The bttm parts f bth my legs and my 11 were hurting badly and I culdn’t mve them.All arund me was 12 .But belw me I culd hear shuts and a lt f nise.Then I 13 what had happened.I had been in an earthquake.
Fr abut tw hurs nbdy came.Luckily I culd 14 the bag f apples,s at least I had plenty t eat.Then I 15 peple climbing twards me.A team f peple came t see if anyne was under the brken 16 .I called ut “I’m here!” I heard a shut,and sn 17 climbed t the side f the bridge near my car.“Hw are yu ding?” he asked.
“Nt t bad,” I said,“but my feet and legs 18 as if they’re brken.” “We’ll have yu ut f there just as 19 as we can,” he said.They didn’t get me ut 20 the next mrning.I had been in my car fr 14 hurs.
B.bringC.getD.send
B.shppingC.climbingD.skating
B.cameC.reachedD.gne
B.awayC.verD.here
B.fruitC.drinksD.meat
B.excitedC.surprisedD.hungry
B.belwC.besideD.behind
carB.my handsC.my feetD.the rad
B.SurelyC.SuddenlyD.Quickly
B.mreC.evenD.very
B.armsC.handsD.fingers
B.quietC.cldD.nisy
tldB.fund utC.discveredD.remembered
B.hldC.catchD.reach
B.sawC.fundD.recgnised
B.radC.carD.trees
17.A.a strangerB.a friendC.my daughterD.a driver
B.lkC.seemD.appear
B.easyC.snD.pssible
B.tC.untilD.after
答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.C
三、阅读理解
A
Many peple think the dinsaurs were the biggest animals that ever lived.They are wrng.The wrld’s biggest animal is still living and it lives in the cean.It is called the blue whale.Blue whales can be as lng as 30 meters and weigh as much as 1,000 kils.The largest dinsaurs weighted nly 500 kils.
The whale is nt nly the wrld’s biggest animal but als ne f the smartest animals.We knw that whales can cmmunicate with each ther,althugh we d nt knw what they are saying.Perhaps ne day we will learn hw t cmmunicate with whales,and then they will be able t tell us abut themselves.
Althugh they live in the cean,whales dn’t lay eggs like fish d.They are mammals.They give birth t babies and prduce milk inside their wn bdies t feed them.Humans are als mammals.
There are lts f stries abut whales,but perhaps the mst famus stry is Mby Dick,which was written by an American writer named Heman Melville.In the bk,a sailr named Captain Ahab spends a lt f time trying t find and kill an enrmus white whale named Mby Dick.
Sadly,there aren’t many kinds f whales left.Peple have killed them fr fd and ther things fr thusands f years.Hwever,there are nw laws t stp peple killing mst kinds f whales s perhaps there will be mre f them in years t cme.
1.Whales can .
A.tell us abut themselves
B.lay eggs
C.cmmunicate with each ther
D.live n land
2.Mby Dick is .
A.a stry written by Heman Melville
B.a sailr
C.the name f a blue whale
D.a famus dinsaur
3.There are nt many kinds f whales left because .
A.they dn’t lay eggs
B.peple have killed them
C.they live in the cean
D.there are laws against them
4.The passage is mainly abut .
A.the wrld’s biggest animal
B.lts f stries abut whales
C.laws t stp peple killing whales
D.the differences between dinsaurs and whales
B
Sme peple can never be frgtten.That’s because their names becme cmmn wrds.As many as 50,000 wrds in the English language get their meaning frm peple’s names.Sme are real peple,while thers are characters in bks r stries.
Often a new dish is given the name f its inventr.The Chinese dish gngba chicken was created in Sichuan Prvince by Ding Bazhen.He served the ht dish when he was gvernr f the prvince frm 1876 t 1886.After Ding died,peple named the dish fr him.
The fisherman Willem Beukelz began t pickle(腌制) fish in the 14 century.His methd f pickling fish was widely used,but peple didn’t prnunce his name “Beukelz”.Sn “pickles” became ppular in many cuntries.
Granny Smith apples are named fr Maria Ann Smith,a grandmther.Maria was brn int a farm family in Britain in 1799 and married Thmas Smith at the age f 19.Then they mved t Australia.On their farm near Sydney they grew apple trees.Their special kind f apple became knwn in Australia as a Granny Smith.
Mre than just fds take peple’s names.Many peple enjy riding n a Ferris wheel,named fr engineer Gerge designed the first ne fr Chicag’s Wrld Clumbian Expsitin in 1893.
Scientific laws,diseases,sprts terms and places arund the wrld als use peple’s names.Yu can’t escape them.They’re everywhere!
5. Abut 50,000 English wrds get their meanings frm .
A.peple’s interests
B.peple’s names
C.the names f places
D.the names f cuntries
6. The methd f pickling was frm .
A.a farmer B.a gvernr
C.an engineer D.a fisherman
7. Which statement abut Granny Smith apples is TRUE?
A.The name is frm Maria’s grandmther.
B.Maria named the apples befre she gt married.
C.Granny Smith apples became famus in Australia.
D.The Smiths grew apples n their farm in Britain.
答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7.C
四．七选五
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Taking gd ntes is a time-saving skill that will help yu t becme a better student in several ways. 1 Secnd,yur ntes are excellent materials t refer t when yu are studying fr a test.Third,nte-taking ffers variety t yur study time and helps yu t hld yur interest.
Yu will want t take ntes during classrm discussins and while reading a textbk r ding research fr a reprt. 2 Whenever r hwever yu take ntes,keep in mind that nte-taking is a selective prcess. 3
The fllwing methds may wrk best fr yu.
●Read the text quickly t find the main facts and ideas in it.
●Carefully read the text and watch fr wrds that can shw main pints and supprting facts.
● Write yur ntes in yur wn wrds.
● 4
● Nte any questins r ideas yu may have abut what was said r written.
As yu take ntes,yu may want t use yur wn shrthand(速记).When yu d,be sure that yu understand yur symbls and that yu use them all the time. 5
A.Use wrds,nt cmplete sentences.
B.There are three practical nte-taking methds.
C.Yu must write yur ntes n separate paper.
D.Otherwise,yu may nt be able t read yur ntes later.
E.Yu will als want t develp yur wn methd fr taking ntes.
F.That means yu must first decide what is imprtant enugh t include in yur ntes.
G.First,the simple act f writing smething dwn makes it easier fr yu t understand and remember it.
答案：1.G 2.E 3.F 4.A 5.D
指代
关系代词以及在定语从句中充当的成分
例句
1.人
wh(主语、宾语)
whm(宾语)
that(主语、宾语)
The man wh/that is speaking at the meeting is a famus scientist. （作is speaking的主语）
在会上讲话的人是一位著名的科学家。
He wh/that des nt reach the Great Wall is nt a true man. （作des nt reach的主语）
不到长城非好汉。
This is the famus scientist (wh/whm/that) we visited last week. （作visited的宾语）
这就是我们上周拜访的那位著名科学家。
2.物
that(主语、宾语)
which(主语、宾语)
He finally wrked ut the prblem which/ that puzzled him fr a lng time. （作puzzled的主语）
他最后解出了这个令他困惑很久的问题。
The fish (that/which) we bught yesterday were nt fresh. （作bught的宾语）
我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。
3.人的；
物的
whse(定语)
They rushed ver t help the man whse car brke dwn. （whse car=the man’s car，作定语，修饰car）
他们跑过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人。
There is a muntain whse tp is always cvered with snw.( whse tp=the muntain’s tp，作定语，修饰tp)
有一座山顶常年被雪覆盖的山。
4.句子
（在非限制性定语从句中）
which(主语、宾语)
as(主语、宾语)
The weather turned ut very gd, which was mre than we culd expect. （which指代“天气最后晴朗起来”，作was的主语）
天气最后晴朗起来，这是我们没有料到的。
As everyne knws ,China is a beautiful cuntry with a lng histry . （As指代“中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家”，作knws 的宾语）
每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。
1.关系代词的省略
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略；做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中不可省略。
Is he the man wh /that wants t see yu?( 作wants的主语不可省略)
他就是那个想见你的人吗？
Hangzhu is a beautiful city(that/which)I always want t visit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）
杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。
Hangzhu ,which I visited last week, is a beautiful city.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）
杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。
2.从句中代词的重复多余
定语从句中的引导词指代先行词，并在从句中作成分，从句中不能再出现指代该先行词的代词。
The bk that I read it yesterday is very interesting.（×）
The bk that I read yesterday is very interesting.（√）
我昨天读的那本书很有趣。
This is the wman wh I met her last time.（×）
This is the wman wh I met last time. （√）
这就是我上次遇见的妇女。
3.关系代词和代词的误用
定语从句的引导词要用关系代词，而不能用一般代词。
This is the by he tld me a stry yesterday. （×）
This is the by wh tld me a stry yesterday. （√）
这就是昨天给我讲故事的男孩。
This is the by his father is ur headmaster. （×）
This is the by whse father is ur headmaster. （√）
这就是这个男孩，他的爸爸是我们的校长。
4.what不引导定语从句
定语从句中有关系代词that和which ，而没有what ，what 可以引导名词性从句。
All that we need is a supply f il. (that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all)
What we need is a supply f il. (what引导主语从句)
我们需要的是石油供应。
5.that不引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开）
在非限制性定语从句，不能用关系代词that。如果指代“人”，用关系代词wh/ whm，指代“物”，用关系代词which。
The basketball star, wh tried t make a cmeback, attracted lts f attentin. 这位打算复出的篮球明星引起了很多关注。
Beijing, which is the capital f China, is a beautiful city. 中国的首都北京是座美丽的城市。
He has becme a dctr, which he wanted t be.
他成为了一名医生，这是他以前一直梦想的。
6.介词+which/whm
先行词在从句中作介词宾语，若介词提前，指代物时，只能用which，不用that； 指代人时，只能用whm，而不用wh。介词不提前时，用that/which, wh /whm都可以。
I have the bk abut which yu are talking.
= I have the bk (that/ which) yu are talking abut.
我有你现在谈论的那本书。
The man with whm I talked just nw is frm Beijing University.
= The man( wh / whm/that) I talked with just nw is frm Beijing University.
刚才和我谈话的那个人是从北京大学来的。
7.whse+n.
= the+n
+f which
=f which
+the+n.
whse+n.可与the+n +f which
互换，而且f which也可置于名词之前，名词之前必须有定冠词the。
I live in the rm whse windw faces suth.( whse windw=the rm’s windw)
I live in the rm the windw f which / f which the windw faces suth.( the windw f which= the windw f the rm)
我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。
8. 定语从句中的主谓一致:
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句的谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
注意：当先行词为“ne f +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；当先行词为“the (nly/very)ne f +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
He is a gd student wh likes t help thers.
他是一个乐于助人的好学生。
They are gd students wh like t help thers.
他们是乐于助人的好学生。
He is ne f the students wh were praised.
他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。
He is the ne/ the nly ne f the students wh was praised. 他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。
1.用that，不用which的情况
①当先行词为不定代词：everything, anything, nthing, all, any, much, many, sme, few, little, nne等或当先行词被n, sme, any, all, much, little等词修饰时，只能用that。
T get the jb started, all that I need is yur permissin.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。
Is there anything that I can d fr yu?有什么要我做的事吗?
He answered few questins that were asked by the reprters.他几乎没有回答记者提问的问题。
②当先行词被the nly, the very, the same等词修饰时。
That’s the nly thing that we can d nw.目前我们只能这样了。
This is the very pen that I am lking fr. 这正是我找的钢笔。
He still lives in the same huse that we visited ten years ag. 他还住在十年前我们参观的同一座房子里。
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This was ne f the mst interesting bks that were sld in this bk stre.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that shuld be dne is t get sme fd.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。
I’m ging t talk abut the cuntries and peple that I have visited.
我要谈论一下我所访问的国家和人民。
⑤当要避免与疑问词which重复时。
Which is the T-shirt that fits me mst?
那件体恤衫最适合我？
2.用which，不用that的情况
①在非限制性定语从句中
Ftball, which is an interesting game, is played all ver the wrld.
全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。
②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。
This is the rm in which my father lived last year.
= This is the rm (that/ which) my father lived in last year.
这是我父亲去年居住过的房子。
1.位置上的区别：
as引导的从句可放在主句首、句末或句中。而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
As is knwn t us all, the earth turns arund the sun.
The earth, as is knwn t us all, turns arund the sun.
The earth turns arund the sun, as /which is knwn t us all.
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
2.语义的区别：
as有“正如”之意，因此主句和从句语义一致，而which表示“这一点” 在意义上相当于一个并列句，可以用and this代替，在语义上可以不一致。
Mike wn the first prize, as was expected.
正如所料想的, 迈克获得了一等奖。
Mike wn the first prize, which was nt expected.
迈克获得了一等奖，这一点没被料想到。
1. 在限制性定语从句中，先行词有such, s, as, the same修饰时，引导词用as。
比较：
I have never read the bk that yu have talked abut. 我从未读过你谈到的这本书。
I have never read such an interesting bk as yu have talked abut.
= I have never read s/ as interesting a bk as yu have talked abut.
我从未读过像你谈到的这样有趣的书。
2. 在非限制性定语从句中，指代整个主句内容。
As we knw, she is a gd teacher.
我们都知道她是一个好老师。
Lily, as we expected, wn the first prize in the cmpetitin yesterday.
像我们所期望的那样, 莉莉在昨天的比赛中获得了一等奖。
①such/s…as…表“像……这样的……”，用来引导定语从句（as在从句中充当主、宾或表语等）
②such/s…that…表示“如此..以致……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
This is such a heavy stne as n ne can lift.（作lift的宾语，是定语从句）
This is such a heavy stne that n ne can lift it. （不缺成分，是结果状语从句）
这是一块如此重的石头，没人能搬得动。
①the same…as…表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性）
②the same…that…表示“同一个”（同一性）
I have bught the same watch as yu have.
我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）
This is the same watch that I lst.
这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）
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