2020年初中英语同义句归纳

这是一份人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级上册本册综合精练，共27页。试卷主要包含了Nice t meet yu!，Hw ld are yu?，Can I help yu?等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2020年初中英语同义句归纳
1．Nice to meet you!
Nice to see you!
Glad to meet you!
Glad to see you!
2．How old are you?
What’s your age?
3．Can I help you?
What can I do for you?
May I help you?
回答: [Yes, please.] [No, thanks. \ No, thank you.]
4．That's all right.
You're welcome.
It's my pleasure.
My pleasure.
Don't mention it.
Not at all.
That's OK.
5．Bye. See you. Good-bye. Bye-bye.
6．I'm fine. I'm OK. I'm all right.
7．My name is Green. I'm Green. Green.
8． He is my uncle.
He is my father's brother.
9． Li Long and Liu Wen are his parents.
Li Long and Liu Wen are his father and mother.
10．I have a computer on my table.
There is a computer on my table.
11．My parents are at home.
My father and mother are at home.
12．Jim sits on Mary's left.
Jim sits next to Mary.
13．A week has seven days.
There are seven days in a week.
14．I'm sorry that I am late for class
I'm sorry to be late for class.
15．Our school has twenty classes.
There are twenty classes in our school.
16．I can give her my pencil.
I can give my pencil to her.
17．What time is it?
What's the time?
18．Is it a cat or a hat?
What is it, a cat or a hat?
19．Please give the apple to me.
Please give me the apple.
20．My shoes are black.
The black shoes are mine.
21．Those white clothes are hers.
Those are her white clothes.
22．Li Lei is one of my friends.
Li Lei is a friend of mine.
23．Are these pears yellow?
Are these yellow pears?
24．Lin Tao and Li Lei are nine.
Lin Tao is nine. Li Lei is nine,too.
25．Is everyone here today?
Are we all here today?
26．Your classroom looks like our classroom.
Your classroom and our classroom look the same.
27．What's the cat's name?
What's the name of the cat?
28．These are Jim's picture.
These pictures are Jim's.
29．They are in different schools.
They aren't in the same school.
30．Lin Tao is in Row One. Jim is in Row Three.
Lin Tao and Jim aren’t in the same row.
31．Li Lei is in Class 1. Jim is in Class 1, too.
Li Lei and Jim are in the same class.
32．These bananas are yellow.
These are yellow bananas.
33．Bill is my friend.
Bill is a friend of mine.
34．It's time for school.
It's time to go to school.
35．Alice is a girl, and she is English.
Alice is an English girl.
36．Give me the bottle of orange.
Give the bottle of orange to me.
37．There is an eraser in Bill's hand.
Bill has an eraser in his hand.
38．Her bedroom isn't big.
She has a small bedroom.
39．What's the English for this?
What's this in English?
40．What color is the car?
What's the color of the car?
41. These are our red sweaters.
These red sweaters are ours.
42. What's your name?
May I know your name?
初中英语同义句转换精析
1.同义句转换题是近几年来中考英语试题的常见题型之一。该题型能够全面考查学生灵活运用英语的能力，要求学生反应敏捷，联想丰富，能用不同的句子或短语来表达同一意义。本文就同义句转换题的特点及转换形式进行分析，希望从中帮助同学们找出规律，提高其应试能力。
2. Eg:People were in a hurry to take the sick man to hospital.（写出同义句)
People _______ _______ take the sick man to hospital.
People hurries to take the sick man to hospital.

同义句转换的实质就是替代、合并和改写句子。具体分析如下：
一：替代
1、 用一个新的词、短语替代原句中有关部分。
如：① I received a letter from Lucy .
= I heard from Lucy . (receive a letter from → hear from )
② I often walk to school every day .
= I often go to school on foot . (walk → go on foot )
③ She decided to stop learning English .
= She decided to give up English . (stop doing sth. → give up doing sth. )
2、用反义词来替代。如：
3、④ We are in different rows . = We aren’t in the same row . (different → same )
4、⑤ My bike is cheaper than yours . = Your bike is more expensive than mine . ( cheap → expensive ) 用反义词或反义短语来替换时，一般会有一个否定意义的词，如 not , less , no , never , hardly 等。
二：合并句子
合并句子一般是通过并列连词将两个简单句合并为一句。常见的并列连词有：not only … but also , both … and , neither …nor, either … or 等。例如：
⑥ Mary didn’t go to the park . I didn’t , either .
= Neither Mary nor I went to the park .
⑦ Wei Hua may go to the cinema , or Ann may because there is only one ticket .
= Either Wei Hua or Ann may go to the cinema because there is only one ticket .
⑧ John has got a penfriend . Mike has got a penfriend , too .
= Not only John but also Mike has got a penfriend .
= Both John and Mike have got penfriends .
三：改写句子
通过能够表达同一意义的不同句型、句式、语态的转换，来达到改写句子的目的。具体可分为：
1、复合句改为简单句。含宾语从句的复合句变简单句时，可用不定式改写，将宾语从句中的谓语动词变为不定式。如：
⑨ We all agree that we should leave at once .
= We all agree to leave at once .
⑩ Could you tell me when we will start ?
= Could you tell me when to start ?
含宾语从句的复合句变简单句时，还可用复合宾语，即宾语加宾语补助语来改写。如：
1. I saw he went into the room just now .
= I saw him go into the room just now .
2. Edison’s mother found that he was a clever boy .
= Edison’s mother found him clever .
We heard that she was singing in English .
= We heard her singing in English .
2、含状语从句的复合句变简单句时，常用以下方法：以 so…that　引导的结果状语从句常转换为　too … to 或 enough to 　结构。如：
He is so young that he can’t go to school .
= He is too young to go to school .
= He isn’t old enough to go to school .
另外还可通过结构和语态的转换来改写。如：
I can’t finish the work if you don’t help me .
= I can’t finish the work without your help .
= I can’t finish the work unless you help me .
We use computers in many ways . = Computers are used in many ways .
3、句型间的转换，要求对能够表达同一意义的常用句型结构了解甚透。如：　
It took me two hours to finish my homework .
= I spent two hours in finishing my homework .
If you don’t hurry , you will be late . = Hurry up , or you’ll be late .
4、还可利用词性转换来改写。如：
There was a heavy snow here last night .
= It snowed heavily here last night . Uncle Wang invented the machine .
= Uncle Wang was the inventor of the machine .
同义句转换是句型转换题型中一种非常重要的形式。所谓同义句转换，是指用不同的词汇、短语及句型表示相同或相近的意思。它是中考命题的一大热点。现将常见的同义句转换形式作一归纳，以期对同学们的中考复习有所帮助。
一、用同义词(组)或近义词(组)改写。
1. The children are wearing beautiful clothes.
The children are_________beautiful clothes.
2. Every day,Yao Ming receives E-mails from thousands of basketball fans.
Every day,Yao Ming_________thousands of basketball fans.
3. Mr. Smith is working.
Mr. Smith is__________ __________.
答案：1. in 2. hears from 3. at work
简析：英语中有不少同义、近义词(组)，在平时学习中要注意总结归纳。如：enjoy oneself/have a good time, look after/take care of,difficult/hard, can/be able to,over/more than,receive(get)a letter from/hear from等等。
二、用反义词(组)改写。
4. Chinese is more popular than Japanese.
Japanese is__________popular__________Chinese.
5. The runner couldn't catch up with the others in the race.
The runner_________ __________the others in the race.
6. A computer is more useful than a VCD.
A VCD is not_________useful_________a computer.
答案：4. less, than 5. fell behind 6. as，as
简析：此类转换应注意有时主语位置会改变，并要特别总结归纳反义词(组)。如：new-old, big-small, long-short, more than-less than等。
三、用同义句型改写。
7. Ann spent two weeks getting ready for the exams.
It________Ann two weeks to__________ready for the exams.
8. She spent 30 dollars on the English-Chinese dictionary.
The English-Chinese dictionary__________ ___________30 dollars.
答案：7. took, get 8. cost her
简析：此类转换必须弄清每个句型的构成特点，而且还要注意句中每个句型的固定搭配。如：give sb. sth.与give sth. to sb.的转换，spend some time(in)doing sth.／on sth.与It takes sb.some time to do sth.的转换等等。
四、二句并一句转换为简单句。
9. Jim doesn't like noodles，and Jack doesn't,either.
_________Jim_________Jack likes noodles.
10. Mrs. Smith is my teacher. She is also my good friend.
Mrs. Smith is_________ _________my teacher_________ _________my good friend.
答案：9. Neither,nor 10.not only,but also
简析：英语中常用not only... but also，either... or,neither... nor,both... and等连词把两个意义相关的简单句合并成一个简单句。解题过程中要注意连词的选用和主谓一致原则。除此之外，还可用too... to,enough to等把两个简单句合并成另一简单句。如：Tom is young. He can't go to school.→Tom is too young to go to school.
五、用派生词或多义词改写。
11. The snow was heavy last night.
It_________ _________last night.
答案：snowed heavily
简析：句中名词snow和形容词heavy转换成了动词snowed和副词heavily。
六、并列句与复合句的互换。
12. If you play basketball here，you may break the windows.
_________play basketball here,_________you may break the windows.
13. Go on planting trees for two more years and the hill will be covered with green trees.
If we go on planting trees，the hill will_________ _________in two_________ _________.
答案：12. Don't,or 13. turn green,years' time
简析：含有祈使句的并列句，可转换为含if条件句的复合句。
七、简单句与复合句的互换。
14. Do you know how you can get the kite down from the tree?
Do you know_________ _________get the kite down from the tree?
答案: how to
简析：复合句转换为简单句一般侧重于将从句变化为短语或词组，使其句意简单明了。常见的转换方法有：(1)用不定式替换、用介词短语替换、用名词短语替换、用分词短语替换；(2)将宾语从句简化为"疑问词＋不定式"；(3)将so... that... (such... that... )引导的状语从句简化为含有too... to... (或enough to)的简单句；(4)将if引导的状语从句简化为"祈使句，and(or)＋句子"。
八、综合转换。
15. Something is wrong with that machine.
That machine_________ _________.
答案：doesn't work
简析：综合转换是在整体把握句意的基础上，对原句重新进行概括表达，它在词汇、结构等多方面都有较大的变化。
至于一些特殊形式的变化，同学们在解题过程中要不断归纳总结，彻底掌握它们。下面就请你做几道练习题一试身手吧！
1. Bike is short for bicycle.
Bike is_________ _________ _________saying bicycle.
2. It took Mary an hour to do her homework last night.
Mary_________an hour_________her homework last night.
3. They made him work 12 hours a day.
He_________ _________ _________ _________ 12 hours a day.
4. I am a League member. He is a League member,too.
_________he_________I _________League members.
5. He is so young that he can't join the army.
He is_________young_________the army.
6. The player smiled and jumped into the river.
The player jumped into the river_________ _________ _________.
7. Mr. Brown left London six years ago.
Mr. Brown_________ _________ _________ _________London for six years.
8. The earth is bigger than the moon.
The moon is_________ _________ _________ _________the earth.
9. He is one of my friends.
He is a friend _________ _________.
10. The teacher told us that we should not meet at the school gate.
The teacher told us_________ _________ _________at the school gate.
11. I have something to tell you. It's interesting.
I have_________ _________ to tell you.
12. I saw them playing basketball there.
I saw_________they_________ _________basketball there.
13. Listen carefully,and you'll become more interested.
_________ _________listen carefully, you'll become more interested.
14. She has been a nurse for five years.
It_________ _________ _________ _________she became a nurse.
15. All are here, but our English teacher isn't.
_________is here_________our English teacher.
16. It was so interesting a film that all of us saw it twice.
It was_________ _________interesting_________that all of us saw it twice.
17. Mother was busy with some housework when I got home.
Mother was_________ _________some house-work when I got home.
参考答案：
1. another way of 2.spent;on/doing 3. was made to work 4. Both;and;are 5. too;to join 6. with a smile 7. has been away from 8. not as／so big as 9. of mine 10. not to meet 11. something interesting 12. that;were playing 13. If you 14. is five years since 15. Everyone／Everybody,except／but 16. such an;film 17. busy doing
初中英语重点同义句句型精选50
1.Do remember to lock the door when you leave.
______ _______you lock the door when you leave.
2.The little girl wanted to know when her father could take her to Paris.
The little girl wanted to know______ ______ be taken to Paris.
3.French is not the first language in any of these countries.
French is the first language in ______ _______ these countries.
4.My uncle left the room. he said nothing to us.
My uncle left the room______ _______ anything to us.
5.He wasn＇t good at English. I thought.
I____ _____ ______he was good at english.
6.Both Mike and Mary have been to Beijing.(否定句)
______Mike______Mary______been to Beijing.
7.It took him an hour to write the letter.
He _______an hour_______the letter.
8.We should knock a long stick into the earth.
A long stick _______ ________ _______into the earth.
9.She paid 400 yuan for the new bike.
The new bike_______ ______400 yuan.
10.How about playing basketball with us?
____ ______play football with us?
11. "Will Wang Feng come here in a minute?" she asked.
She asked______Wang Feng______ come here in a minute?
12.Jim didn＇t visit the museum yesterday. He stayed at home.
Jim stayed at home yesterday_______ ______visiting the museum.
13.There are more people in China than in India.
The________of China is________than that of India.
14.The talk is very important.
The talk is_____great______.
15.He can＇t catch the bus if he doesn＇t run fast.
He can＇t catch the bus______ he______fast.
16.You should let someone repair the TV set.
You should______the TV set __________.
17Jim wants to go boatingand his parents want to go boating, too.
Jim wants to go boating and________ _______his parents.
18.The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn＇t skate on it.
The ice on the lake was not ______ enough______people to____ _____.
19.How many people are there in France.
______ _____the population of France?
20.We hold the International Kite Festival in Weifang every year.
The International Kite Festival____ _______in Weifang every year.
21.They say that Mr liu can speak German.
______ ______that Mr Liu can speak German.
22.My sister prefers reading to going shopping.
My sister likes_______ ______than going shopping.
My sister prefers____ _____rather than______ shopping.
23.I feel like going to the zoo with my friends this Saturday.
I_______like to____to the zoo with my friends this Saturday.
24.He doesn＇t do any other things. He is only on internet.
He is always on internet______ _____doing other things.
25.The picture was usually put up in the park near the playground.
The picture was put up in the park____to the playground as_______.
26.It seems that he has had a cold.
He seems_____ ______had a cold.
27.The tree is so tall that we can＇t reach it.
The tree is______tall______us ______ _____.
28.I＇m interested in the old museum in this city.
The old museum in this city______ ______ _____me.
29.They knew everything only after you told him.
They knew______ _______ you told him.
30.There are many trees around the house. It＇s my house.
The house______many trees around is _______.
31.I won＇t pass the exam if you don＇t help.
I won＇t pass the exam ______ your_______.
32.Father Christmas comes from a real person in history.
Father Christmas is ________ ____ a real person in history.
33.He doesn＇t know much Japanese.
He ______ only a______Japanese.
34.If you ask him, he will you tell you the truth.
_______him,______he will tell you the truth.
35.She likes to make her own clothes. She doesn＇t like to buy them in shops.
She prefers making her own clothes_____ _____buying them in shops.
36.Neither Tom nor Jack read yesterday＇s newspaper.
Tom didn＇t read yesterday＇s newspaper,_______ ________Jack.
37.I heard he was singing in the next room.
I heard_______ ______in the next room.
38.Peter is 150 centimeters tall,so is Mike.
Mike is the same_______ ______Peter.
39.The doctor told him to stop smoking.
The doctor told him to _____ _______smoking.
40.Please don＇t make our room dirty.
Please _____ our classroom____.
41.The heavy rain stopped them from leaving home.
The heavy rain_______ them _______ at home.
42.This book isn＇t as interesting as that one.
This book is _______interesting than that one.
43.There are more people in this city than in that city.
The _____ of this city is_______than _____of that one.
44.This book has nothing to do with English.
This book is_____ _______English.
45.Bob had no teacher,but he learned English well at his young age.
Bob________ ______English when he was young.
46.There＇s nobody but a passenger in the bus.
There＇s______ one passenger in the bus.
47.Bob＇s lonely because it＇s difficult for him to make friends.
Bob＇s lonely because he______ ________at making friends.
48.Plant more trees every year and the desert will become green in a few years＇ time.
If you plant more trees every year,the desert will______ ______ with green trees in a few years＇ time.
49.The jacket cost so little that he bought it.
The jacket _____ ______ ______for him to buy.
50.His father is working.
His father is ______ _______
答案：
1.Make sure 2.when to 3.none of 4.without saying 5.didn＇t think that 6.Neither nor has 7.spent writing(on) 8.should be knocked 9.cost her 10.Why not 11.if/whether would 12.instead of 13.population larger 14.of importance 15.unless runs 16.have repaired 17.so do 18.thick for skate on 19.What is 20.is held 21.It＇s said 22.reading better 23.would go 24.instead of 25.next usual 26.to have 27.too for to reach 28.is interesting to 29.nothing before/until 30with mine 31.without help 32.based on 33.knows little 34. Ask and 35.instead of 36.neither/nor did37.him singing 38.heitht as 39. give up 40.keep clean 41.kept staying 42.less 43.population larger that 44.not about 45.taught himself 46.only 47.is bad 48.be covered 49.was cheap enough 50.at work
同义句转换题解题技巧
同义句转换是各类考试中常见的一种题型。该题型要求较高，难度较大，考生容易失分。它主要是考查对句型的活用，同一个内容多种形式表达的能力。下面谈谈同义转换的解题技巧。
①应弄清楚所给句子的内容和句式结构，试题填空部分与原句的对应关系，表达形式。
②根据所给空位，确定同义的句式和恰当的词语。
③对特殊结构的句型和习惯表达要仔细斟酌。

【经典范例引路】
例1 The old man stood there and didn’t know what he should do next.
The old man stood there and didn’t know do next.
简析：下一句要填的两个空与上句的 What he should对应。即用两个词表示上句三个词的意思。上句know后是宾语从句，下句两个空应填what to，是疑问句+动词不定式结构。

例2 Hurry up, or you'll miss the early bus.
we , you’ll miss the early bus.
简析：原句是祈使句，要完成的句子有三个空，且多了一个主语，要用三个空表示“Hurry up, or”的意思。而原句中的or是表示条件的，下一句理应改为条件状语从句：“If we don't hurry”。

例3 Their football team is much stronger than the other two.
Their football team is of the .
简析：本题原句是个比较级句型，而转换后的句型根据“of”的标志应是最高级句型。因为从句意上看是有三个足球队，空格处填the strongest; three, 意思与原句相同。
同义句转换典型例题分析
例 1 （江西省， 2002 ）
在改写后的句子空白处填入一个适当的词，使该句与原句的意思相同或相近。
(1) A: Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to London.
B: Make ________ to give me a ring as soon as you ________ London.
(2) A: Everyone should give back his library books on time.
B: Library books should ________ ________ on time.
(3) A: The factory is not far from here. It only takes you ten minutes by bike.
B: The factory is ________ here. It's only ten minutes' _________.
(4) A: Tom had no time for breakfast. He went to school in a hurry.
B: Tom ________ to school________ breakfast.
(5) A: All the students in our class are Chinese except Peter.
B:________ Peter is a________ in our class.
【分析】
（ 1 ） make sure 表示“务必”， get to = reach = arrive in/at. 根据句意及要求，应填 sure ，reach；
（ 2 ）表示“归还”用 give back 或 return, 且应用被动语态，be returned；（ 3 ） not far 即是 near ，ride 表示“骑自行车等交通工具”，作名词用，填 near ，ride；
（ 4 ） in a hurry “匆忙地”，填 hurried ，without；
（ 5 ） except “除……之外，只有”。填 only，foreigner；
【答案】
(1) sure, reach
(2) be, retuned
(3) near, ride
(4) hurried/ran, without
(5) Only, foreigner
【说明】
多角度地思考问题能达到“曲径通幽”之效果。应从同义词组，语态，时态，句意，句式等各个方面加以分析。
在每一小题的空白处填入一个词使之与原句意思相同。
例 2 　（广州市， 2001 ）
(1) Two years ago we used that machine to make shoes for children.
Two years ago that machine________ ________ ________ ________shoes for children.
(2) My brother went to Beijing last week, and she hasn't come back yet.
My mother________ ________ ________ Beijing.
(3) I don't listen to the radio when I'm spading. My cousin doesn't listen to the radio when he's spading, either.
I don't listen to the radio when I'm spading. _________ ________ my cousin.
(4) The teacher told us that we would not meet at the school gate.
The teacher told us ________ ________ ________ at the school gate.
(5) The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.
The hole ________ ________ ________ ________ such a fat panda to go through.
【分析】
（ 1 ）要变成过去时态的被动语态；
（ 2 ）从原句意义分析我妈妈还没回，是“到北京去了”用完成时态；
（ 3 ）涉及到 neither 的用法问题，要倒装，用助动词 does ；
（ 4 ）将宾语从句转换成不定式 tell sb. not to do sth；
（ 5 ）涉及到 so … that 与 not … enough for 或 too … to 的运用。
【答案】
(1) was used to make
(2) has gone to
(3) Neither does
(4) not to meet
(5) is too small for 或 isn't big/large enough for
【说明】
特定的词组往往有特定的用法，如此题中的 neither，too... to。
09年中考英语备考全攻略：完型填空
http://www.sina.com.cn 2009年05月06日 16:06 新东方
第一篇：完型填空之概述分析
“完型填空”(Cloze)是初中英语试题考察的一种重要题型。事实证明，完型填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一，且失分率较高。它是对学生阅读能力，语法知识，逻辑推理以及分析归纳等综合能力的考查。因此，要做好完型填空，不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识，而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。
中考完型填空从基本设计上来看，原则都是一致的，都是从短文中抽去若干词，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答案(其中包括一个正确答案)，让考生选出正确的答案；“抽词法”可以是有针对性地抽，也可以是随机地抽。但目前主要考查的是学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等，而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。
第二篇：完型填空之命题趋势剖析
完型填空要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。
1. 题材：以故事性题材居多，历年中考故事小品类题材比例超过50%，故事往往具有幽默性或富有哲理，其他还有科普小品、文化体育、风土人情、人物、史地等。
2. 体裁：完形填空选文的体裁也值得一提，以记叙文居多，同样在近年中考考试中记叙文比例超过50%。其他还有说明文应用文、议论文等。
3. 命题形式：完型填空题的两空之间一般相隔7—10个词， 短文首尾句一般不设填空题，每句中只有一个空。
4. 试题特点分析：分析近几年完型填空题可以发现以下一些规律：1)本题型设空以考查文意为主，也就是我们所说的"实词"——名 词、动词、形容词和副词等，比 重极大，且有逐年增加的趋势。2)降低对单词本身词意的考查要求，以突出本题的主要测试目的：理解全文，通篇考虑，掌握大意，注重关联。3)增加了考查连词的题， 涉及考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及文句之间关联的理解。4)注意结合文意考查对词语用法的掌握。 主要涉及两个方面：词义辨析与惯用搭配。同义与近义词的比较分辨应当放到一定的语境之中才有意义。如果只是一一对应地背记单词的中文意思，不注意具体语境中单词的确切含意，是难以分辨一些词汇的细微差异的。
5. 题目的类型可分为：1)语言知识型，如各种语法规则、 句型、句式等； 还包括词汇型，测试单词在一 定语境下的基本用法、习惯用法、常用搭配以及 对其词义的记忆或其特定意义的理解和灵活运用。2)判断推理型，考查对篇章 的整体理解、上下文段落的衔接、逻辑思维与判断推理能力。3)综合型，即对知识和能力综合 运用的考查。
第三篇：完型填空之解题秘笈
考试犹如打仗，方可谓“知己知彼，百战不殆。”在了解了出题的原则和规律后，明白题目的考查点，再配以好的解题方法和思路，做完型填空题就不会再是学生们过不去的槛。那么，做完型填空的解题秘笈和步骤是什么呢？
在做完型填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步：
1。通览全文，掌握大意。做题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完型填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置，"链条"从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达。由于完形填空属障碍性阅读，所以抓住文章的首句(段)和尾句(段)，对 把握文章的主旨和大意很有帮助，因为文章的首句是观察全文的“窗口”，尾句 是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔，会带给我们有益的启示， 因此首先看一下文章的首句和尾句，使自己心中大概有个印象，我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。然后再去通读全文，不失为一个窍门。通读全文的方式也可因文而异，对较易把握大意的文章可采用粗读、速读的方式；而对理解稍有吃力的文章不妨放慢 读速、慎读，但不管怎样读，注意力都应集中在文章的主线(或中心词)、了解文章内容，从而确定进行推断 、选择的基本思路。如果一开始就忙于见一空填一空，势必无法从整体上把握全文概要，造成顾此失彼，既影响准确率，也影响做题速度。
2。先易后难，完成各项。通览全文后，对文章有了整体印象，在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。综合考虑指的是根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则，把上下文的意 思、句法结构、词类和语法功 能、惯用法、逻辑推理常识等各种因素加在一起综合考虑，仔细推敲。要准确判断出题目的类型，语法知识类较多地表现为动词时态、语态的选用或句子成分的辨识；词语知识方面的题目要从词性、词形区分，同义词语 辨析、习惯搭配、习惯用语、结构词选择等方面考虑；情景推理题要注重跳出句子层次，注意句间的结构、意义上的连接和照应关系，有时还应在段与段之间、情节与情节之间或更大范围内上下文照应，因此对短文作“ 全景式"的总体把握对每一空的正确解答非常重要。注意句型、语法、词语搭配和习惯用法。
3。复读全文，消除疏漏。完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，除此之外，复读时对全篇文章的理解，检查全文是否前后贯通 ，再次将不合题意的答案调整或修改；如果实在无法确定，可以作推理性猜测，不可放弃不填。
1.Do remember to lock the door when you leave.
______ _______you lock the door when you leave.
2.The little girl wanted to know when her father could take her to Paris.
The little girl wanted to know______ ______ be taken to Paris.
3.French is not the first language in any of these countries.
French is the first language in ______ _______ these countries.
4.My uncle left the room. he said nothing to us.
My uncle left the room______ _______ anything to us.
5.He wasn't good at English. I thought.
I____ _____ ______he was good at english.
6.Both Mike and Mary have been to Beijing.(否定句)
______Mike______Mary______been to Beijing.
7.It took him an hour to write the letter.
He _______an hour_______the letter.
8.We should knock a long stick into the earth.
A long stick _______ ________ _______into the earth.
9.She paid 400 yuan for the new bike.
The new bike_______ ______400 yuan.
10.How about playing basketball with us?
____ ______play football with us?
11. "Will Wang Feng come here in a minute?" she asked.
She asked______Wang Feng______ come here in a minute?
12.Jim didn't visit the museum yesterday. He stayed at home.
Jim stayed at home yesterday_______ ______visiting the museum.
13.There are more people in China than in India.
The________of China is________than that of India.
14.The talk is very important.
The talk is_____great______.
15.He can't catch the bus if he doesn't run fast.
He can't catch the bus______ he______fast.
16.You should let someone repair the TV set.
You should______the TV set __________.
17Jim wants to go boatingand his parents want to go boating, too.
Jim wants to go boating and________ _______his parents.
18.The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it.
The ice on the lake was not ______ enough______people to____ _____.
19.How many people are there in France.
______ _____the population of France?
20.We hold the International Kite Festival in Weifang every year.
The International Kite Festival____ _______in Weifang every year.
21.They say that Mr liu can speak German.
______ ______that Mr Liu can speak German.
22.My sister prefers reading to going shopping.
My sister likes_______ ______than going shopping.
My sister prefers____ _____rather than______ shopping.
23.I feel like going to the zoo with my friends this Saturday.
I_______like to____to the zoo with my friends this Saturday.
24.He doesn't do any other things. He is only on internet.
He is always on internet______ _____doing other things.
25.The picture was usually put up in the park near the playground.
The picture was put up in the park____to the playground as_______.
26.It seems that he has had a cold.
He seems_____ ______had a cold.
27.The tree is so tall that we can't reach it.
The tree is______tall______us ______ _____.
28.I'm interested in the old museum in this city.
The old museum in this city______ ______ _____me.
29.They knew everything only after you told him.
They knew______ _______ you told him.
30.There are many trees around the house. It's my house.
The house______many trees around is _______.
31.I won't pass the exam if you don't help.
I won't pass the exam ______ your_______.
32.Father Christmas comes from a real person in history.
Father Christmas is ________ ____ a real person in history.
33.He doesn't know much Japanese.
He ______ only a______Japanese.
34.If you ask him, he will you tell you the truth.
_______him,______he will tell you the truth.
35.She likes to make her own clothes. She doesn't like to buy them in shops.
She prefers making her own clothes_____ _____buying them in shops.
36.Neither Tom nor Jack read yesterday's newspaper.
Tom didn't read yesterday's newspaper,_______ ________Jack.
37.I heard he was singing in the next room.
I heard_______ ______in the next room.
38.Peter is 150 centimeters tall,so is Mike.
Mike is the same_______ ______Peter.
39.The doctor told him to stop smoking.
The doctor told him to _____ _______smoking.
40.Please don't make our room dirty.
Please _____ our classroom____.
41.The heavy rain stopped them from leaving home.
The heavy rain_______ them _______ at home.
42.This book isn't as interesting as that one.
This book is _______interesting than that one.
43.There are more people in this city than in that city.
The _____ of this city is_______than _____of that one.
44.This book has nothing to do with English.
This book is_____ _______English.
45.Bob had no teacher,but he learned English well at his young age.
Bob________ ______English when he was young.
46.There's nobody but a passenger in the bus.
There's______ one passenger in the bus.
47.Bob's lonely because it's difficult for him to make friends.
Bob's lonely because he______ ________at making friends.
48.Plant more trees every year and the desert will become green in a few years' time.
If you plant more trees every year,the desert will______ ______ with green trees in a few years' time.
49.The jacket cost so little that he bought it.
The jacket _____ ______ ______for him to buy.
50.His father is working.
His father is ______ _______
中考英语分类复习答案：
1.Make sure 2.when to 3.none of 4.without saying 5.didn't think that 6.Neither nor has 7.spent writing(on) 8.should be knocked 9.cost her 10.Why not 11.if/whether would 12.instead of 13.population larger 14.of importance 15.unless runs 16.have repaired 17.so do 18.thick for skate on 19.What is 20.is held 21.It's said 22.reading better 23.would go 24.instead of 25.next usual 26.to have 27.too for to reach 28.is interesting to 29.nothing before/until 30with mine 31.without help 32.based on 33.knows little 34. Ask and 35.instead of 36.neither/nor did37.him singing 38.heitht as 39. give up 40.keep clean 41.kept staying 42.less 43.population larger that 44.not about 45.taught himself 46.only 47.is bad 48.be covered 49.was cheap enough 50.at work
聚焦中考同义句转换“十二类型”
同义句转换题近几年被全国各地中考英语试题广泛采用，为必考题型之一。它属于句型转换题，但要求不能改变句子意思，即依据给出的句子，通过以词、词组、句式、语法的改变及换句来改写句子，且转换前后的句意应保持一致。从某种意义上讲，同义句也就是一句多译。日常学习过程中，必须加强一句多译的总结训练，注重转换的思路和方法，提高同义句转换的能力。下面就总结归纳一下同义句转换的十二种类型：
【类型一】运用同义词或同义词组替换原句的有关部分。
【解题要领】将原句中的某些词或词组，用其同义词或同义词组进行替换改变，这是同义句转换使用最多的类型。在英语新教材中，同义词或词组的运用非常广泛，学习过程中要尽可能多地去归纳总结，以达到熟能生巧，举一反三的程度。
【精典例句】1、他擅长绘画。
He is good at drawing．／He does well in drawing．
2、今天风很大。
There is a strong wind today．／It's very windy today．
3、明天我们将乘飞机去东京。
Tomorrow we will go to Tokyo by air．／Tomorrow we will fly to Tokyo．
4、王先生在六点钟到达了火车站。
Mr Wang reached ／got to ／arrived at the railway station at six．
5、这本书花了我10元钱。
I spent ten yuan on the book．／I paid ten yuan for the book．／The book cost me ten yuan．
【直击中考】1．She got a letter from her penfriend last week．（2002甘肃省）
She________ _________ her penfriend last week．
2．Linda likes music better than art．（2002呼和浩特市）
Linda________ music ________ art．
3．They enjoyed themselves at the garden party．（2002广州市）
They________ ________ ________ ________ at the garden party．
4．The Smiths teach themselves Chinese after work．（2002聊城市）
The Smiths ________ Chinese ________ themselves after work．
【类型二】运用反义词或词组改写原句有关部分。
【解题要领】此类转换主要是通过改换主语和运用其相关词或词组的反义，进行同义转换。
【精典例句】1、我向他借了一台电脑。
I borrowed a computer from him．／He lent a computer to me．
2、我认为数学比英语难。
I think maths is harder than English．
Ithink English is easier than maths．
【直击中考】5．Chinese is more popular than Japanese．（2001宁夏）
Japanese is ________ popular than Chinese．
6．The runner fell behind the others though he did what he could．（2001济南市）
The runner________ to ________ with the others though he________ his ________ ．
【类型三】运用相同涵义的不同句式来表达。
【解题要领】不同的句式表达同一涵义是英语表达的显著特点。在英语新教材中，这样的句式应用得也比较广泛。如：Can I help you？／May I help you？／ What can I do for you？（我能帮你吗？）应要求学生充分掌握。
【精典例句】1、这位画家画一匹马花费了两个钟头。
The artist spent two hours drawing a horse．／It took the artist two hours to draw a horse．
2、让我们去动物园好吗？
Shall we go to the zoo？／Let's go to the zoo，shall we？
3、今天天气怎么样？
What's the weather like today？／How's the weather today？
【直击中考】7．Don't open the door， will you？（2002盐城市）
Will you please ________ the door ________ ？
8．How many people live in France？（2002厦门市）
________ ________ the population of France？
9．We spent twenty minutes cleaning the room yesterday．（2002哈尔滨市）
It ________ ________ twenty minutes ________ ________ the room yesterday．
【类型四】运用感叹句的两种句式进行转换。
【解题要领】感叹句的两种句式可进行相互转换，但必须把握其句型。
1）How＋adj．／adv．＋主语＋谓语！
2）What＋a（an）＋adj．＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What＋adj．＋复数名词／不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
【精典例句】1．这个男孩多么善良啊！How kind the boy is！／What a kind boy he is！
2．这首乐曲多么优美啊！How beautiful the music is！／What beautiful music itis！
【直击中考】10．How beautiful the park is！（2000广州市）
________ ________ _________park it is！
【类型五】运用两种时态进行改写。
【解题要领】这两种时态是针对一般过去时与现在完成时而言的。一般过去时应表述发生在过去某一时间的动作，惟此，才可能转为现在完成时，并后跟一段时间，但应特别注意动词是否属于延续性动词，如果为非延续性动词，则需将其改为延续性动词或延续性状态。这样的动词主要有：begin ／start—be on； come—be here；leave—be away（from）； buy—have；borrow—keep；die—be dead；return—be back；marry—be married；fall asleep ／go to sleep—be asleep；open—be open（adj．）；close—be closed（adj．）；catch a cold—have a cold；fallill—be ill；join the League ／Party—be in the League ／Party（be aLeague ／Party member；join the army—be in the army ／be a soldier；arrive in ／at—be in ／at；get up—be up，等等。
【精典例句】1．他上周买了一辆新自行车。
He bought a new bike last week．
He has had a new bike since last week．
2．王涛六年前参军。
Wang Tao joined the army six years ago．
Wang Tao has been a soldier for six years．
Wang Tao has been in the army for six years．
【直击中考】11．The film began 20 minutes ago．（2002盐城市）
The film has been _______ _______20 minutes．
12．Sam's grandfather died 10 years ago．（2002上海市）
Sam's grandfather has been _______ _______ 10 years．
13．My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago．（2002福州市）
My grandpa the Party for thirty years．
14．I got up half an hour ago．（2002哈尔滨市）
I _______ _______ up for half anhour．
【类型六】运用复合句和不定式进行相互改写。
【解题要领】此类复合句主要是宾语从句和结果状语从句，宾语从句改为不定式的句式有：1）hope ／wish，be sure，tell等后跟that引导的从句，可转换为不定式；2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，也可转换为“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构，构成不定式短语。so．．．that．．．引导的结果状语从句有两种情况：1）表示肯定的结果，可与“enough to”结构互换；2）表示否定的结果，它既可以与“too．．．to”结构互换，也可以改为“not＋adj．／adv．＋enough to”。（注：此时的形容词或副词应为上句的反义词。）注意：“so．．．that．．．”结构前后主语不一致时，应在enough或too ＋ adj．后面加for sb．
【精典例句】1．我希望将来某一天参观月球。
I hope that I will visit the moon some day．
I hope to visit the moon some day．
2．他向我显示如何使用电脑。
He showed me how he used a computer．
He showed me how to use acomputer．
3．这屋子这么大，能容纳1000人。
The room is so large that it can hold 1，000 people．
The room is large enough to hold 1，000 people．
4．他年纪太小，不能上学。
He is so young that he can't go to school．
He is too young to go to school．
He isn't old enough to go to school．
【直击中考】15．They can hardly decide what they will do next．（2000济南市）
_______ _______ for them to decide what _______ _______ next．
16．The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese Kongfu well．（2002济南市）
The foreigners want to know _______ _______ learn Chinese Kongfu well．
17．He is too young to go to school．（2002上海徐汇区）
He isn't _______ _______ to go to school．
18．She was so weak that she couldn't take care of her baby．（2002辽宁省）
She was_______ weak _______ take care of her baby．
［类型七］运用介词短语改写。
［解题要领］英语中的介词短语，诸如at the age of，without，instead of，with the help of，thanks to，be in， be satisfied with等，可与一些复合结构进行转换，这类结构主要是并列句或两个句子，由连词and、but、when等连接。
［精典例句］1？彼？八岁时就学习英语了。
She began to learn English when she was eight．
At the age of eight，she began to learn English．
2．明天我们将去野餐。我们不去看电影。
We will go for a picnic tomorrow．We won't see a film．
We will go for a picnic instead of seeing a film tomorrow．
［直击中考］19．He began to learn how to use a computer when he was five years old．（2000广州市）
He began to learn how to use a computer________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ．
20．The heavy traffic stopped them from getting to school in time．（2000成都市）
________ ________ the heavy traffic they ________ ________ for school．
［类型八］运用被动语态进行改写。
［解题要领］通过改变主语，主动语态与被动语态之间可进行同义句转换，在转换过程中，掌握被动语态的构成是最为关键的。学习被动语态应与时间紧密结合，根据时态，来确定被动语态的谓语部分。另外，还需充分把握含有情态动词的被动语态的结构，即“情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”。
［精典例句］1？毙矶嗳私灿⒂铩？
Many people speak English．／English is spoken by many people．
2．我们应该经常给花浇水。
We should regularly water flowers．
Flowers should be watered regularly．
［直击中考］21．It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today．（2002辽宁省）
Computers ________ widely ________ in the world today．
22．We must keep the noise level under 50dbs（分贝）．（2002上海市）
The noise level must ________ ________ under 50dbs．
［类型九］运用并列连词（组）改写。
［解题要领］运用并列连词（组） both．．．and，neither．．．nor，either．．．or， not only．．．but also，as well as等，可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句，而且要把握neither．．．nor，either．．．or，not only．．．but also采取就近原则。
［精典例句］1？蹦慊峤卜ㄓ铩Ｎ乙不峤卜ㄓ铩？
You can speak French．I can speak French，too．
Both you and I can speak French．
2．她没有去过日本。我也没有去过日本。
She hasn't been to Japan．I haven't been to Japan，either．
Neither she nor I have been to Japan．
［直击中考］23．Wei Hua may be on the team，or Ann may．（2000辽宁省）
________ Wei Hua ________ Ann may be on the team．
24．Alice is a film star．Sarah is a film star，too．（2001新疆）
________ Alice________ Sarah are film stars．
25．Lucy can't sing the English song Yesterday Once More．And Lily can't sing it，either．（2002北京东城区）
Lucy Lily can sing the English song Yesterday Once More．
［类型十］运用“so＋动词＋主语”和“neither／nor ＋动词＋主语”结构进行改写。
［解题要领］“so＋动词＋主语”结构，表示肯定，译为“某人（物）也如此”。这两种结构指前一句所说的情况，同样也适合另一个人或物。显然，上下句主语不同。转换时应注意四点：1）动词指助动词、be动词或情态动词；2）动词在时态上与前句呼应；3）动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；4）表示否定时，neither ／nor本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。
［精典例句］1？奔？姆准时完成了这项工作。约翰也准时完成了这项工作。
Jim finished the work on time．John finished it on time，too．
Jim finished the work on time，so did John．
2．今天早上她没吃东西。我也没吃东西。
She didn't eat anything this morning．I didn't eat anything，either．
She didn't eat anything this morning， neither ／nor did I．
［直击中考］26．Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating，too．（2002广州市）
Jim wants to go boating，and ________ ________ his parents．
27．I like playing tennis． He likes playing tennis，too．（2002厦门市）
I like playing tennis，________ ________ he．
【类型十一】变为含有宾语从句的复合句
【解题要领】两个句子合并为宾语从句时，一是找引导词。宾语从句的引导词有三种情况：1？钡北鲇锎泳浔硎境率鲆庖宓氖焙颍？即为陈述句结构），引导词为 that；2．当宾语从句表示一般疑问意义的时候（即为一般疑问结构），引导词为if／ whether；3．当宾语从句表示特殊疑问意义的时候（即为特殊疑问结构），引导词为原来的特殊疑问词；二是变陈述句。无论是由哪一种引导词引导的宾语从句，宾语从句都应使用陈述语序；三是主从一致。它是针对主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应用相应的某种过去时态而言的，即一般现在时与一般过去时；现在进行时与过去进行时；一般将来时与过去将来时；现在完成时与过去成时一一对应。但是如果从句表示客观真理，从句时态不受主句时态的影响，用一般现在时即可。
【精典例句】1？蔽蚁胫？道明天是否下雨。
I want to know．Will it rain tomorrow？
I want to know if ／whether it will rain tomorrow．
2．他说他感冒已三天了。
He said．He has had a cold for three days．
He said that he had had a cold for three days．
【直击中考】28．Where does he live？I don't know．（2002哈尔滨市）
I　don't know ________ _________ ________ ．
29．Does the shop close at six every day？Do you know？（2002厦门市）
Do you know ________ the shop ________ at six every day？
30．Is the earth round？The little boy asked．（2002福州市）
The little boy asked ________ the earth ________ round．
【类型十二】变为含有状语从句的复合句
【解题要领】一些并列句或两个句子或简单句，根据其内涵，可运用某些连词变为含有状语从句的复合句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、比较、目的、结果和让步等类，与此相对应的连词有：1）引导时间状语从句的有：after，as soon as，before，since， not．．．until，when，whenever，while等；2）引导原因状语从句的有：because，as，since等；3）引导条件状语从句的有：if，unless等；4）引导比较状语从句的有：as．．．as，not as（so）．．．as等；5）引导目的状语从句的有：so that，in order that等；6）引导结果状语从句的有：so．．．that等；7）引导让步状语从句的有：though，although等。学生在转换过程中，应运用恰当的引导词来表达。
【精典例句】1．杰克病了，因此他不能上学。
Jack didn't come to school because he was ill．
2．天虽然黑了，他仍在继续做家务。
Although it was dark，he still went on doing the housework．
3．努力学习，你就会赶上其他的同学。
Study hard，and you'll catch up with the other students．
If you study hard，you'll catch up with the other students．
【直击中考】31．The basket is too heavy for Miss Green to lift on to the truck．（2001荆州市）
The basket is ________ ________ ________ Miss Green ________ lift on to the truck．
32．Come on，or we'll miss the early bus．（2002辽宁省）
________ we ________ hurry，we'll miss the early bus．
33．When I get there，I'll go to see her at once．（2002福州市）
I'll go to see her ________ ________ ________ I get there．
34．I'll water the little plants to stop the soil（土壤） getting too dry．（2002内江市）
I'll water the little plants ________ ________ I ________ stop the soil ________ getting too dry．
35．After Bess fin- ished her maths homework，she went to bed．（2002福州市）
Bess ________ go to bed ________ she finished her maths homework．
【参考答案】1．heard from 2．prefers，to 3．had a good ／nice ／great ／wonderful time 4．learn，by 5．less 6．failed，catch up，did，best 7．keep，closed 8．what，is 9．took us，to clean 10．What a beautiful 11．on，for 12．dead，for 13．has been in 14．have been 15．It's， hard ／difficult，to do 16．how to 17．old enough 18．too，to 19．at the age of five 20．Thanks to，were， late 21．are，used 22．be，kept 23．Either，or 14．Both， and 25．Neither，nor 26．so do 27．so does 28．where he lives 29．if ／whether，closes 30．if ／whether，is 31．so heavy that，can't 32．If，don't 33．as soon as 34．so that，can，from 35．didn't，until
例1 （江西省，2002）
在改写后的句子空白处填入一个适当的词，使该句与原句的意思相同或相近。
(1) A: Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to London.
B: Make ________ to give me a ring as soon as you ________ London.
(2) A: Everyone should give back his library books on time.
B: Library books should ________ ________ on time.
(3) A: The factory is not far from here. It only takes you ten minutes by bike.
B: The factory is ________ here. It's only ten minutes'_________.
(4) A: Tom had no time for breakfast. He went to school in a hurry.
B: Tom ________ to school________ breakfast.
(5) A: All the students in our class are Chinese except Peter.
B:________ Peter is a________ in our class.

【分析】
（1）make sure 表示“务必”，get to = reach = arrive in/at.根据句意及要求，应填sure，reach.（2）表示“归还”用give back或return, 且应用被动语态，be returned.（3）not far 即是near，ride表示（“骑自行车等交通工具”，作名词用，填near，ride），（4）in a hurry “匆忙地”，填hurried，without，（5）except “除……之外，只有”。填only，foreigner.

【答案】
(1) sure, reach, (2) be, retuned (3) near, ride (4) hurried/ran, without (5) Only, foreigner
【说明】
多角度地思考问题能达到“曲径通幽”之效果。应从同义词组，语态，时态，句意，句式等各个方面加以分析。
在每一小题的空白处填入一个词使之与原句意思相同.
例2 （广州市，2001）
(1) Two years ago we used that machine to make shoes for children.
Two years ago that machine________ ________ ________ ________shoes for children.
(2) My brother went to Beijing last week, and she hasn't come back yet.
My mother________ ________ ________ Beijing.
(3) I don't listen to the radio when I'm spading. My cousin doesn't listen to the radio when he's spading, either.
I don't listen to the radio when I'm spading. _________ ________ my cousin.
(4) The teacher told us that we would not meet at the school gate.
The teacher told us ________ ________ ________ at the school gate.
(5) The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.
The hole ________ ________ ________ ________ such a fat panda to go through.

【分析】
（1）要变成过去时态的被动语态；（2）从原句意义分析我妈妈还没回，是“到北京去了”用完成时态；（3）涉及到neither的用法问题，要倒装，用助动词does；（4）将宾语从句转换成不定式tell sb. not to do sth;（5）涉及到so…that与not… enough for或too… to的运用。

【答案】
(1) was used to make　 (2) has gone to　 (3) Neither does　 (4) not to meet　 (5) is too small for 或 isn't big/large enough for
【说明】
特定的词组往往有特定的用法，如此题中的neither, too... to.
中考主谓一致原则考点举要与应考对策（上）



考点举要
1. Miss Chen____________ English on the radio the day before yesterday.
A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught （2003北京）
2. That place is not interesting at all.
____________of us wants to go there.
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some （2003河南）
3. Maths____________my favourite subject.
A. be B. is C. am D. are （2003青海）
4. Everyone except Tom and John____________there when the meeting began.
A. are B. is C. were D. was（2003宁夏）
5. The boy with the two dogs____________ when the earthquake rocked the city.
A. were sleeping B. is sleeping
C. was sleeping D. are asleep （2003新疆）
6. Sorry, we already have four people in the car. There____________for the box.
A. is a little room B. are no rooms
C. is no room D. are few rooms （2003内蒙古）
应考对策
“主谓一致”是近几年中考设题的热点之一，它在初中英语教材中未被列入专项语法内容。因此，同学们对此常不知所措，为了帮助老师们更好地为学生搞好复习，现归纳如下：
l、表示时间、距离、重量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语表示整体概念时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
Two months is quite a long time. 两个月是相当长的一段时间。
2、以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如news，maths，physics等。如：
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
3、family，class，team，group等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；若指具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。试比较：
My family is a very big one，with ten people in it. 我家是一个大家庭，有十口人。
My family all like watching TV．我们全家人都喜欢看电视。
4、people, police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
People here are very friendly. 这儿的人们很友好。
The police are having a meeting． 警察们正在开会。
(Key:1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.C)

5、单数名词后跟with，together with等引导的短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
My father， together with his friends, is going to visit the Great Wall．　我父亲将和他的朋友们一起去参观长城。
6、由either，either．．．or．．．，neither．．．nor．．．，not only．．．but also．．．等词连接并列主语时，谓语动词常和最接近的主语一致。如：
Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Shanghai before. 你和李华以前都没去过上海。
Is he or you wrong? 他错了还是你错了?
7、非谓语动词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
Is watching too much TV good or bad for your health? 看太多的电视对你的身体有益还是有害?
What you said is wrong. 你所说的是错的。
8、以there，here开头的句子，若主语不只一个，其谓语动词通常和邻近的那个主语一致。如：
There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一枝钢笔和一些书。
Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。
9、当kind of, pair of, glass of等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语动词应与kind，pair，glass等形式一致。如：
This pair of shoes is dirty．这双鞋脏了。
There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌子上有两杯水。
10、由 “a lot of (lots of) ／ plenty of ／ a number of +名词”或“分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据名词的单复数而定。如：
A lot of people have been to London.许多人去过伦敦。
Three-fifths of the water is dirty. 五分之三的水是脏的。
注：“the number of十复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The number of the students in our school is over two thousand. 我们学校的学生数超过两千。
11、代词something，anything，nothing，everyone，anybody，nobody，each，neither，either，little，much，one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Neither of us is a boy．　我们俩都不是男孩。
Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们当中每人都有一本词典。
One of the students was late for school. 其中一个学生上学迟到了。
12、all，some，none，most，any等代词作主语时，若指复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式；若指单数概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Not all work is difficult. 不是所有的工作都难。
Not all the students are here. 不是所有的学生都在这儿。
13、当and连接的两个主语被each，every或no修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：
Every teacher and every student needs dictionaries. 每个老师和每个学生都需要词典。
14、当主语是同位语时，谓语动词要根据同位语的单复数来确定，区分主语和同位语的方法是，用逗号连接的就是同位语，用连词and连接的就是主语。如：
Susan, Mr Mott’s wife, is a scientist. 苏姗，也就是默特先生的妻子是一位科学家。
15、有些形容词前面加上定冠词the, 如the poor, the old, the young, the rich, the dying等用来表示一类人时，主语用复数，谓语动词也用复数。如：
The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人过得很快乐，有钱人却过得不快乐。
以上所述，供老师们在教学时参考。
思维定势解题误区
思维定势，指的是我们习惯性的思维方式。学生在做题时往往会受固定搭配，习惯用法等思维方式的影响，凭着经验或感觉快速解题。当然，这有利于提高解题速度，但有时也会把学生的思维引向“歧路”。现举例分析，以引起大家注意。如：
1．Shanghai is larger than city in Jiangsu．
A．any B．any other C．other D．one
仔细分析该题，就会发现本句中两个比较的双方Shanghai和Jiangsu是“相互不包含”关系。此句实际是Shanghai与Jiangsu的任一个城市进行比较，故选A。
2．There are a lot apples in this basket than in that one．
A．most B．more C．of D．much
此题学生往往会受短语a lot of的影响而选C，仔细研读该题则会发现此句是一个比较句型，句中的a lot实际上是用来修饰比较级的，该题的正确答案为B。
3．What did you at the meeting yesterday？
A．speak B．tell C．say D．talk
这道题学生一看会根据“在会上发言，speak at the meeting”这一短语而选A。实际上这一句的意思是“你昨天在会上讲什么了？”疑问词what在句中作动词say的宾语，指说的内容，故选取答案C。
4．The bus is coming．Let's ．
A．get it on B．get it off C．get on it D．get it off
此题容易受“动词＋副词”短语的影响，把代词放在此结构的中间，而选答案A。表示上／下车时，此时on／off是介词，需要把代词放在on／off的后面，所以答案为C。
5．I'd heard a lot England．Some things were as I thought．
A．of B．about C．to D．for
此题表面一看很简单，根据短语a lot of 选答案A。再看看句意，“我听说许多英国”，则发现正确答案为B，意为“听到很多有关英国的情况，有些正如我想的一样”。
6．—Must I finish the work before five o'clock？
—No．You finish it before eight．
A．mustn't B．needn't C．can't D．can
对must引导的一般疑问句否定回答常用No，you needn't．结构。但细细分析本句，就可以从标点看出No和它后面的部分实为两个句子，结合句意，可知答案为D。
7．Can you it in English？
A．speak B．say C．tell D．talk一看到English，就联想到讲语言用动词speak，而选答案A。此题实际上是“你会用英语表达它吗？”此时in English译为“用英语”，在句子中作方式状语，而it是say的宾语。因此选C。
8．There a film tomorrow evening．
A．will have B．have C．is going to be D．has此句意思很明显，“明天晚上有电影”。“有”易受汉语影响而选答案A。实际上本句应用There be句型，

所谓“主谓一致”就是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。主谓一致有许多语法规定，这里作一个比较全面的总结与归纳。但有一点必须指出，光是总结还不等同于大家已掌握了主谓一致，正是因为其繁琐性与固定性，要求同学们熟记在心并通过反复练习来巩固。
1．动词不定式、动名词，或者主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：
What we want is some water．
我们需要水。
To say something is usually easier than to do something．
说一些事往往要比做一些事容易。
Whether he will come is still unknown．
他是否会来还不知道。
注：
①当若干个动词不定式，动名词或主语从句被and连接起来当主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：
What he says and what he does don’t agree．
他言行不一致。
Where he comes from and what he is doing here are secrets．
他来自哪儿和他在这儿干什么都是谜。
②由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容若是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：
What we need is more time．
What we need are doctors．
2．“就近一致”原则。
当一个句子有两个主语，这两主语又是由“not only…but also”，
“either…or…”“neither…nor”连接起来时，谓语动词和离它最近的主语保持一致。如：
Not only he but also I am good at English．
我们俩英语都不错。
Either they or he is to come．
不是他们就是他会来的。
3．当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，常作为一个整体来看，谓语动词用单数。
Five years is a long time to wait for an answer．
为了等待一个答复4年时间够长的。
The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago．
李白诗集很久以前就出版了。
25,000 miles is a long distance．
两万五千里是很长的一段路程。
4．由and连接的两个并列主语一般谓语动词用复数。如：
Plastics and rubber never rot．
塑料与橡皮永远不会腐烂。
注：当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有every, each, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
In our country, every boy and every girl has the right to receive
education．
在我们国家，男孩女孩都有受教育权。
Each man and each woman in this office is asked to attend the party．
办公室里的人无论男女都被邀请出席晚会。
5．the +形容词可表示一类人或一类事物。其谓语动词有所差异。若表一类人作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。若表一类事物作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：
The old are well taken care of in China．
在中国老人受到很好照顾。
The beautiful is loved by all．
人人都爱美。
6．如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有“with”,“together”,“as well as”,“as much as ”,“no less than”,“along with”,“with”,“like”,“rather
than”,“together with”,“but”,“except”,“besides”,“including”,“in addition to”等词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如
The teacher as well as the students is looking forward to the summer
holiday．
老师与学生们都在盼望着暑假。
The factory, including its machines, was burnt last night．
昨晚上这工厂及里边的机器全被烧掉了。
The mother along with her two children goes to the park．
母亲与她的俩孩子要去公园。
7．“some of…”,“most of…”,“half of…”,“all of…”,“the rest of…”等表达形式出现在主语时，谓语的单复数由of后面的名词来决定，如：
All of us are very tired．我们大家都累了。
All of the water has been drank．所有的水都被喝了。
The rest of the students are on the playground．
其他学生在操场上。
The rest of the problem is very easy．
这问题剩下的部分很简单。
8．如果主语由“more than one…或many a…”构成，尽管意义上是表复数内容，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
More than one book has been sold．
已出售的书不止一本。
Many a student wants to reduce home work．
许多学生要求减少家庭作业。
10．注意区分“the number of…”与“A number of…”这两个作主语用的词组的意义不同，其谓语动词的单复数也不同。
请同学们仔细比较以下例子：
The number of the students is decreasing．学生数量在下降。
A number of students came to look for you this morning．
今天上午不少学生来找过你。
11．形复义单的名词作主语时只用单数谓语的名词有news, maths, physics, politics, works(工厂),economics等。如：
Physics is a fairly difficult subject．
物理是一门相当难的学科。
Politics doesn’t interest me．
政治没有引起我的兴趣。
12．某些集体名词，如family, team, class, group等词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
His family is a three-good family．
他家是三好家庭。
The whole team are going to take part in the Olympic Games．
全队将参加奥林匹克运动会。
13．某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle, militia等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：
The police are searching for the escaped criminal．
警察正在搜捕逃犯。
14．一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of, a series of”等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数。如
15．区分men of this kind与this kind of men这两者当主语时，前者的谓语动词用复数形式，后者用单数形式。如
This kind of men is dangerous．
这种男人很危险。
Men of this kind are dangerous．
这种男人是危险的。
16．在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如：
On the wall hangs a picture．
墙上挂着一幅画。
17．并列主语如果指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：
Truth and honesty is the best policy．
真诚是最好的策略。
The writer and teacher is quite popular among the students．
既是作家又是教师的他深受学生的欢迎。
18．在“one of +复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如：
This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told．
注：当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。
She is the only one of the girls who is late sometimes．
她是唯一一个有时迟到的学生。
以下是有关主谓一致的一些配套练习。因为对主谓一致来说，只需掌握规则便不存在什么理解问题。所以仅提供练习及答案。若有问题可参阅前面所讲述的规则。
1．The league Secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting．
A．is B．are C．has D．were
2．Each man and each woman ______ asked to attend．
A．are B．is C．has D．were
3．Many a student ______ seen this painting．
A．has B．have C．is seen D．sees
4．Tom as well as two of his classmates ______ invited to the party．
A．Was B．were C．has D．have
5．Half of the apples ______ good．
A．Is B．are C．was D．be
6．“All______ present and all______ going on well．”our monitor said．
A．is , is B．are, are
C．is, are D．are, is
7．Mary as well as her sisters______ Chinese in China．
A．are studying B．have studied
C．studies D．study
8．I, who_______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study．
A．be B．am, C．are D．is
9．The rich______ not always happy．
A．are B．is C．has D．have
10．He is the only one of the students who______ elected．
A．are B．have C．has D．is
11．Chairman Mao’s works______ published．
A．has been B．have been
C．was D．is
12．Ten thousand dollars______ more than I can afford．
A．has been B．have been C．is D．are
keys:
1．A 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．D
7．C 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．A 12．C
中考主谓一致原则考点举要与应考对策（上）



考点举要
1. Miss Chen____________ English on the radio the day before yesterday.
A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught （2003北京）
2. That place is not interesting at all.
____________of us wants to go there.
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some （2003河南）
3. Maths____________my favourite subject.
A. be B. is C. am D. are （2003青海）
4. Everyone except Tom and John____________there when the meeting began.
A. are B. is C. were D. was（2003宁夏）
5. The boy with the two dogs____________ when the earthquake rocked the city.
A. were sleeping B. is sleeping
C. was sleeping D. are asleep （2003新疆）
6. Sorry, we already have four people in the car. There____________for the box.
A. is a little room B. are no rooms
C. is no room D. are few rooms （2003内蒙古）
应考对策
“主谓一致”是近几年中考设题的热点之一，它在初中英语教材中未被列入专项语法内容。因此，同学们对此常不知所措，为了帮助老师们更好地为学生搞好复习，现归纳如下：
l、表示时间、距离、重量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语表示整体概念时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
Two months is quite a long time. 两个月是相当长的一段时间。
2、以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如news，maths，physics等。如：
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
3、family，class，team，group等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；若指具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。试比较：
My family is a very big one，with ten people in it. 我家是一个大家庭，有十口人。
My family all like watching TV．我们全家人都喜欢看电视。
4、people, police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
People here are very friendly. 这儿的人们很友好。
The police are having a meeting． 警察们正在开会。
(Key:1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.C)
5、单数名词后跟with，together with等引导的短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
My father， together with his friends, is going to visit the Great Wall．　我父亲将和他的朋友们一起去参观长城。
6、由either，either．．．or．．．，neither．．．nor．．．，not only．．．but also．．．等词连接并列主语时，谓语动词常和最接近的主语一致。如：
Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Shanghai before. 你和李华以前都没去过上海。
Is he or you wrong? 他错了还是你错了?
7、非谓语动词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
Is watching too much TV good or bad for your health? 看太多的电视对你的身体有益还是有害?
What you said is wrong. 你所说的是错的。
8、以there，here开头的句子，若主语不只一个，其谓语动词通常和邻近的那个主语一致。如：
There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一枝钢笔和一些书。
Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。
9、当kind of, pair of, glass of等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语动词应与kind，pair，glass等形式一致。如：
This pair of shoes is dirty．这双鞋脏了。
There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌子上有两杯水。
10、由 “a lot of (lots of) ／ plenty of ／ a number of +名词”或“分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据名词的单复数而定。如：
A lot of people have been to London.许多人去过伦敦。
Three-fifths of the water is dirty. 五分之三的水是脏的。
注：“the number of十复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The number of the students in our school is over two thousand. 我们学校的学生数超过两千。
11、代词something，anything，nothing，everyone，anybody，nobody，each，neither，either，little，much，one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Neither of us is a boy．　我们俩都不是男孩。
Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们当中每人都有一本词典。
One of the students was late for school. 其中一个学生上学迟到了。
12、all，some，none，most，any等代词作主语时，若指复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式；若指单数概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Not all work is difficult. 不是所有的工作都难。
Not all the students are here. 不是所有的学生都在这儿。
13、当and连接的两个主语被each，every或no修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：
Every teacher and every student needs dictionaries. 每个老师和每个学生都需要词典。
14、当主语是同位语时，谓语动词要根据同位语的单复数来确定，区分主语和同位语的方法是，用逗号连接的就是同位语，用连词and连接的就是主语。如：
Susan, Mr Mott’s wife, is a scientist. 苏姗，也就是默特先生的妻子是一位科学家。
15、有些形容词前面加上定冠词the, 如the poor, the old, the young, the rich, the dying等用来表示一类人时，主语用复数，谓语动词也用复数。如：
The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人过得很快乐，有钱人却过得不快乐。