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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book3Module4
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基础知识默写
1.frightening adj.吓人的；可怕的→frightened adj.感到害怕的→frighten vt.使害怕→fright n.害怕；恐惧
2.process n.进程；过程 v.加工
3.citizen n.公民；市民
4.dust n.沙尘；灰尘→dusty adj.满是灰尘的
5.forecast vt.预报，预告→forecast/forecasted(过去式)→forecast/forecasted(过去分词)
6.strength n.力量；力气→strong adj.强壮的→strengthen vt.加强；增强
7.atmosphere n.大气；大气层；气氛
8.environment n.环境→environmental adj.环境的；环保的→environmentalist n.环保人士
9.recycle v.重新利用；再循环
10.coastal adj.沿海的
11.concerned adj.关心的；担心的→concern n.&v.关心；担心→concerning prep.关于
12.evidence n.根据；证明→evident adj.明显的；显然的
13.major adj.主要的；多数的 n.专业 vi.主修→minor(反) adj.较小的；次要的
14.urgent adj.紧急的→urge vt.催促；极力主张 n.强烈的愿望→urgency n.紧急情况
15.scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的→scare vt.使害怕，使恐惧；n.恐惧；惊吓→scared adj.害怕的
16.sandstorm n.沙尘暴
17.campaign n.战役；活动
18.pollute vt.污染→pollution n.污染 →polluted adj.受到污染的
19.protection n.保护→protect vt.保护→protective adj.防护的
20.mass adj.大量的；大规模的 n.大量；许多
21.mask n.面罩 v.掩盖
22.cycle vi.骑自行车 n.循环
23.chemical n.化学药品→chemistry n.化学
24.complain vi.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n.埋怨
25.absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地→absolute adj.完全的；绝对的
26.melt vi.融化
27.cut down砍倒；削减
28.be/get caught in突然遭遇(风暴等)
29.wake up醒来
30.one after another一个接一个地
31.have a bad effect on对……有坏影响
32.take in吸收；理解；欺骗
33.give out放出；发出；分发；发表
34.can’t help but只能；只好
35.in a nutshell简言之；概括地讲
36.look through浏览
37.They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun，and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.
它们(沙尘)常常弥漫以至于你连太阳都看不见，风力有时强到可以移动沙丘。
38.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
沙尘暴有时候持续一整天，浓密的沙尘使得能见度很低，因此来往车辆行驶得很慢。
39.It’s difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill.
呼吸困难，沙尘使我很难受。
40.The garbage is then taken away and，if possible，recycled.(省略结构)
然后垃圾被运走，如果可能的话，再被回收利用。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.She expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process(过程)—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic”.(2018·北京)
2.Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you，where the atmosphere(气氛) of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts？(2016·全国Ⅱ)
3.I never felt an urge(渴望) to learn any sign language before because the spoken languages were enough in all my interactions(交往).(2017·全国Ⅰ)
4.Wang Shu，a 49yearold Chinese architect，won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize.He is the first Chinese citizen(公民) to win this award.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
5.They tracked the environmental(环境的) costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
6.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to strengthen(strength) your leg muscles，avoid hills and get good running shoes.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
7.I’m not sure who is more frightened(frighten)，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
8.Four days of product design centred around textiles.Making lovely objects using recycled(recycle) and made materials.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
9.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned(concern) about ‘bad’ tables”，given that they’re profitable.(2018·江苏)
10.Why do you think environmental protection(protect) is important in America？(2017·浙江)
11.This switch has decreased pollution(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs(水库) and made drinking water safer for people.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
12.The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely(absolute) nowhere here.(2017·天津)
13.In this box are some stem cells that are urgently(urgent) needed for a patient.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
14.The majority(major) of them take an online language test before starting their programme.
(2016·天津)
15.The weather forecast(预报) says it will be cloudy with a slight chance of rain later tonight.
(2016·天津)
Ⅱ.选词成篇
Regions of northern China 1. were caught in a yellow gale(大风) last week，including Xinjiang，Qinghai，Gansu，Ningxia，Inner Mongolia.
At 7∶10 pm，on April 24，people in Minqin county，Gansu Province 2.woke up and found that barely anything could be seen because of the strong wind.Bad news came 3.one after another.Local meteorologists(气象专家) called the phenomenon the “black wind”，which 4.had a bad effect on the local life.People who needed to go to work 5. can’t help but use masks to cover their mouths and noses.
It was hard to imagine，even with the masks，people still 6.took in a lot of dust and sand because the strong wind full of sand hit people like a wall.
If 7.looking through the news，you will find out the reason.Every year from March to May，the combination of cold air and high temperatures in deserts is likely to form sandstorms.However,8.cutting down of trees contributes partly to the increase in sandstorms in China.Moreover，the cars，which 9.give out harmfull gases，are another reason.10.In a nutshell，only if more effective measures are taken，can the situation be improved.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Green Hill is so good a place to relax that we will have a great time.(so...that...)
绿山是一个令人放松的好地方，我们一定会玩得很高兴。
2.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.(make it＋adj.＋to do...)(2017·全国Ⅱ)
政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料，使车辆更容易飞行。
3.Always look at the bright side，and if possible，focus on the positive side of life.(省略结构)
总看事情好的一面，而且如有可能，关注生活中积极的方面。
1.“前缀fore”常见词一览
(1)forecast v.&n.预测；预报
(2)foresee v.预见；预知
(3)forehead n.前额
(4)foreword n.前言
(5)foretell v.预言；预示
2.“后缀th”高频名词集锦
(1)strength 力量；力气
(2)length 长度
(3)warmth 温暖
(4)depth 深度
(5)growth 成长
3.“简言之”大团圆
(1)in a nutshell
(2)in a word
(3)all in all
(4)in short/brief
(5)to be brief
4.“take 短语”小聚
(1)take over 接收，接管
(2)take away 拿走；夺走
(3)take down 写下；记下
(4)take in 吸收；理解；欺骗
(5)take off 脱下；起飞；腾飞
(6)take on 呈现；雇用；承担
(7)take up 占据；开始从事；继续
mass adj.大量的；大规模的
n.团，块，堆；大量；群众；质量
(1)in the mass总体上；大体上
a mass of/masses of大量的……
the masses群众
mass production大规模生产
(2)massive adj.大的；大量的；非常严重的
(1)A mass of information has(have) been revealed already.
(2)So far，a mass of books have(have) been handed out.
(3)The masses are(be) often the makers of history.
(4)There has been a massive(mass) rise around the globe in shortsightedness.
(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模)
(5)In the mass(总体上)，ebikes’ advantages are more than disadvantages.
易错点拨 a mass of/masses of大量的，许多的，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。
masses of＋名词＋谓语动词复数
a mass of＋
process n.过程；进程；步骤，流程
v.处理；办理；加工
(1)in the process在进行中
in the process of在……过程中
(2)processed adj.(仅用于名词前)经加工的，加工过的
(1)Actually you can make learning English a process where you can not only learn much knowledge but also interesting cultures.
(2)Future 3D food printers could make processed(process) food healthier.(2018·天津)
(3)The museum is in the process of being restored(正在修复中) these days.
易错点拨
(1)表示做某事的方法或程序，process后可以接of/for doing sth.，但一般不接不定式。
(2)process作先行词，引导词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where。
(1)strengths and weaknesses优点和缺点
build up one’s strength强身健体
(2)strengthen v.加强
(1)The university hopes to strengthen(strength) its ties with the local community.
[写出下列句子中strength的汉语意思]
(2)It’s important to know your own strengths and weaknesses.优点
(3)As for me，I’m crazy about basketball since it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life. (2018·全国Ⅲ)力量
(4)Maths is my strength，while I don’t do well in English.强项
concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的(作前置定语)；有关的；参与的(作后置定语)
(1)as far as ...be concerned就……而言
be concerned about/for对……担心/关心
be concerned with与……有关
(2)concern vt.涉及；与……有关；(使)担忧；n.担心，忧虑；关心；(利害)关系
show/express concern for/about对……表示关心
(3)concerning prep.关于
(1)Before long，I came to know Professor Smith，who showed concern for/about my study and work.不久，我认识了史密斯教授，他关心我的学习和工作。
(2)As far as I’m concerned，what the parents think is right，but what they do is wrong.在我看来，父母想的是正确的，但他们所做的是错误的。
(3)Concerning the toll free policy on the expressway，what concerns us most is the traffic jams while some are concerned about the safety.(concern)
关于高速公路通行费免费政策，我们最担心的是交通堵塞，而有些人担心的是安全问题。
major adj.主要的；较重要的
v.主修
n.专业，主修科目；某专业的学生
(1)major in主修……
(2)majority n.大部分；大多数；大半
in a/the majority占大多数
(1)[一句多译] 我在大学里主修英语。
①I major in English at university.
②My major is English at university.
③I’m an English major at university.
(2)Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are in the/a majority(占多数).
易错点拨 major本身含有“比较”之意，没有比较等级的变化，也不可与than连用。
(1)complain to sb.of/about向某人抱怨；诉说
(2)complaint n.抱怨，怨言；不满，委屈
make a complaint about投诉……
(1)We received a lot of complaints from customers about the lack of parking facilities.
(2)Instead of doing the task happily，he wandered around there for hours，complaining(complain) to himself and doing a bad job.(2018·山东德州二模)
(3)[同义句改写] She complained that her work was too hard.(改为简单句)
She complained of/about her work being too hard.
易错点拨 complain用作及物动词时，只能接that从句，不接名词或代词。
cut in插话
cut up切碎；使伤心
cut out删除；剪下
cut through开辟；抄近路穿过，走近路
cut off切断；中止；隔绝
[写出下列句子中cut down的汉语意思]
(1)He tried to cut down on smoking but failed.减少；削减
(2)Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper.删节；删减
(3)He cut down the tree and cut it up for firewood.砍倒
[完成句子]
(4)He was badly cut up by the death of his son.
他因儿子的死极为悲伤。
(5)When their children lived far away from them，these old people felt cut off from the world.
(2016·浙江)
当孩子们住得离他们很远时，这些老人们感觉是与外界隔离了。
易错点拨 表示“减少；削减”时，可用cut down，也可用cut down on。
come/go into effect生效
take effect生效；奏效
bring/put...into effect实施
in effect实际上
(1)You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
(2018·浙江)
(2)The new law will come/go into effect(生效) next month.
(3)In effect(实际上)，we’ll be earning less than we were last year.
take off起飞；脱下；迅速流行；(事业等)步入正轨，腾飞
take over接管；继承；支配
take on呈现；雇用
take up从事；继续；拿起；占据
take down拿下；写下；记下
[写出下列句子中taken in的汉语意思]
(1)Don’t be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week.欺骗
(2)Gazing up into his eyes，she seemed to take in all he said.领会，理解
(3)He was homeless，so we took him in.收留
(4)They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.吸收
(5)Next time you take a walk，no matter where it is，take in all the sights，sounds and sensations.
(2018·天津)
观看
(6)The tour takes in six European capitals.包括，包含
[根据语境用上述短语的正确形式填空]
(7)At the age of 18，he ①took over his father’s company.As a chief manager，he ②took in a number of talents，which made his company ③take on a new look.At last，his career ④took off.18岁时，他接管了父亲的公司。作为总经理，他吸纳了大量人才，这使他的公司呈现出新的面貌。最终，他的事业步入正轨。
give away泄露；赠送
give in上交；让步；投降
give off发出
give up放弃
give way to让步
give voice to表达对……的看法
[写出下列句子中give out的汉语意思]
(1)The radio is giving out a strange signal.发出
(2)I saw a man giving out handbills in the street.分发
(3)Just as I approached the town，my legs finally gave out.筋疲力尽
(4)He has refused to give out any information on the matter.公布
[完成句子]
(5)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice to her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津)
玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默，但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。
易错点拨 give out作“用完；用尽”解时，不及物，相当于run out。
They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun，and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.它们(沙尘)常常弥漫以至于你连太阳都看不见，风力有时强到可以移动沙丘。
(1)so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”。
(2)so that...既可引导结果状语从句，也可引导目的状语从句，引导目的状语从句时，从句中常用can/may/could/might/should等情态动词；当引导目的状语从句且主从句主语一致时，可改为so as to do...。
(3)so...that...句型的常见形式：
(4)such...that...句型的常见形式：
(5)当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
(1)There were so many books in the shop that he didn’t know which to buy.
书店有那么多书，以至于他不知道该买哪些。
(2)Dalian is such an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
＝Dalian is so attractive a place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
大连是一个如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅游。
(3)So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding the bicycle.
我非常兴奋，迫不及待地想尝试骑自行车。
[句式升级]
(4)He was deeply absorbed in work，so he forgot all about eating and sleeping.(so...that...)
He was so deeply absorbed in work that he forgot all about eating and sleeping.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A sudden stop can be a very frightening(frighten) experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.(2016·浙江)
2．In his introduction，he made it clear that our credits would be hardearned.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
3．Yet there is evidence(evident) suggesting that the trend is growing.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
4．The students began complaining about how cold it would be.(2018·天津)
5．The job market has changed and our approach to finding(find) work must change as well.
6．The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.(2016·四川)
7．I didn’t mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying(try) it.(2018·天津)
8．What the public is concerned about is whether a new international order will be established.
9．He cycles to work on a daily basis，which is beneficial to build up his strength.
10．So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared(scare)．(2018·天津)
Ⅱ.单元知识运用(关于环保)
1．现如今，很明显，空气污染如此严重，以至于人们开始抱怨。(It is evident that...；so...that...)
2．最近的研究表明，空气污染对我们的健康有着不良的影响。(make＋it＋adj.＋that从句)
3．因此，如何保护环境已成为社会的一个主要关注点。(how引导的主语从句)
4．环境保护作为一个巨大的挑战，加强人们的环境保护意识是当务之急。
5．在我看来，尽管改变这种情况是一个缓慢的过程，但我们应该充满信心，并且尝试各种方法来解决这个问题。(v.ing作主语)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Nowadays 11.it is evident that air pollution has become so serious that people start to complain about it.Recent studies 12.make it clear that the air pollution has a bad effect on our health.Therefore,13.how to protect the environment has become a major concern of the whole society.As a great challenge,14.it is urgent to strengthen people’s awareness of environmental protection.15.As far as I’m concerned，though 16.getting it changed is a slow process，we should be confident and 17.try every means to solve it.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：文娱 难度星级：☆☆
Lying alongside mountains of smelly garbage under the South American sun，Cateura is a long way from the conservatories of Prague or Vienna.Yet the township，which grew out of Paraguay’s largest dump(垃圾场)，is gaining a reputation as a hothouse for musical talent and for its youth orchestra(管弦乐队) that plays instruments made from garbage.“The world sends us garbage.We send back music，” says Favio Chavez，leader of the “Recycled Orchestra”，during a recent visit by the group to Los Angeles.Orchestra members，poor children from Cateura，play violins fashioned from oven trays and guitars made from dessert dishes.The orchestra provides the youngsters an outlet and an escape，a chance to go beyond the mess of their slum(贫民窟) through the music of Mozart，and even Sinatra.“In the beginning，it was difficult to play，” says the 10yearold violinist Celeste Fleitas.“But Favio helped me learn over time.From Favio，I have learned to be more responsible and value the things I have.”
The destination for more than 1,500 tons of waste each day，the community has no safe drinking water and little access to electricity or sanitation(卫生设施)．Illiteracy is severe，and the children of the township often fall into drugs，violence and crimes.
Favio Chavez，a musical talent，came to Cateura as an environmental technician in 2006 and started a youth music school.He knew shopbought instruments were beyond the means of villagers whose sheds are worth less than a violin，so he approached a carpenter to make some out of waste from the dump.
The orchestra caught the eye of Paraguayan filmmaker Alejandra Amarilla.She uploaded a short piece of the orchestra to YouTube in 2012，hoping to secure crowdfunding for what would become Landfill Harmonic，a documentary released across the United States this month and promoting the youngsters on a tour of the world’s music halls later on.
18．What is the best title of the text?
A．Youngsters Carry Tunes from Garbage to Victory
B．A Music Talent Hit the Road to the World Stage
C．A Town for Music Fans
D．An Orchestra on a Global Tour
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据文章第一段和全文内容可推知，本文主要讲的是一群年轻人利用垃圾制造的乐器演奏音乐并取得成功的故事。所以A项为最佳标题。
19．What do we know about Cateura?
A．It has raised people’s awareness of recycling trash.
B．It has caught more attention through the orchestra.
C．It recycles more than 1,500 tons of rubbish per day.
D．It provides its children with better schooling conditions.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句可知，Cateura因其音乐人才和其弹奏用垃圾做的乐器的青年管弦乐队而闻名，得到了更多的关注，故选B。
20．Why did Alejandra Amarilla upload a piece of the orchestra to YouTube?
A．To assist the youngsters with a world tour.
B．To collect funding for a documentary.
C．To organize carpenters to make instruments.
D．To catch the eye of the Paraguay government.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句中的“She uploaded a short piece of the orchestra to YouTube in 2012，hoping to secure crowdfunding for what would become Landfill Harmonic，a documentary”可知，Alejandra Amarilla把管弦乐队的作品上传到网上是为了给纪录片筹钱。故选B。
21．What can we learn from Favio Chavez?
A．To work in a team weighs more.
B．To recycle things is to conserve things.
C．To be creative is a quality of a leader.
D．To own nothing is no excuse to do nothing.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段Favio Chavez把垃圾变为乐器的事可推知，即使什么也没有也可以有所作为，故选D。
话题：环境 难度星级：☆☆☆
Nowadays people are facing lots of threats(威胁) all over the world.
A serious threat to farmers in many parts of the world is erosion(侵蚀)．Erosion happens if a large area of land is cleared of trees and is then badly treated by the farmers.The rain and winds may gradually wash away，or blow away much of the topsoil.When this happens，crops of wheat and corn become weaker and weaker until nothing grows well.If erosion continues，it will turn good land into a desert.
In the past，when erosion appeared，farmers sometimes moved to a new place to farm. Sometimes they could not move，but continued to try to grow food in the unhealthy soil.This caused them to sink into poverty.Soon some people realized that there was little rich，fertile soil in the world.The government began to try to stop erosion.
One of the first experiments to stop erosion began in the United States in 1933.The experiment was carried out in the area of the Tennessee River.Flood and bad farming in this area had ruined the land that had once been rich.As a result，most of the people living around the Tennessee River were very poor.
The government built big dams across the river and stored the water for use during the dry season，when there was no rain.The government workers also helped the farmers fertilize their soil and learn new farming methods which could stop erosion.
In the beginning，the farmers were not interested.But soon，good healthy crops began to appear on the land where new methods were used.Ten years after that the crops were extremely good.The great success of this experiment led to similar projects in other parts of the world.
With the development of science and technology，people are trying to get rid of all the threats they are facing.However，it’s not an easy job，because at the same time people are polluting their homeland.
语篇解读 现在全世界人们面临着许多威胁。对世界许多地区的农民来说一个严重的威胁就是侵蚀。侵蚀会使肥沃的土地变成沙漠，无法种植庄稼，许多农民只好搬迁。在1933年美国开始了防止侵蚀的尝试，政府采取各种措施以防止土地侵蚀，从而试图摆脱所面临的这一威胁。
22．Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Tennessee River area?
A．It was an area seriously affected by erosion.
B．It used to be a poor and infertile land.
C．It often suffered from floods.
D．It has become a model for other parts of the world to follow.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的第三句“Flood and bad farming in this area had ruined the land that had once been rich.(这个地区的洪水和恶劣的农业破坏了曾经肥沃的土地。)”可知，这地方曾经是肥沃的土地，而不是贫瘠的土地。故B是错误的。
23．In the third paragraph “to sink into poverty” means “ ”．
A．to become very poor
B．to lose topsoil in erosion
C．to become weaker and weaker until nothing grows well
D．to return into a desert
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。由上文知，有时农民无法迁移，就继续在贫瘠的土地上种庄稼，故会使他们变得很贫穷。故选A。
24．The main purpose of this passage is to tell people .
A．something can be done to prevent erosion
B．the importance of using new farming methods
C．the serious result of erosion
D．how erosion happens
答案 A
解析 写作意图题。由文章倒数第二、三段可知，人们是可以通过采取措施来防止土地侵蚀的。故选A。
话题：社会 难度星级：☆☆
Some of the most famous universities in America are urging students to consider the idea of putting off college for a year.It’s called a “gap year”．And while it’s been common and popular in Australia and the U．K.for decades，the concept is now starting to gain significant steam here in America.
Why？A growing number of high school seniors are tired of riding the academic conveyor belt from preschool all the way to university.They’re burnt out.Or not quite ready.Or they want to explore a few interests before deciding what to study in college，they’re volunteering in New Orleans or teaching in Thailand.They’re starting the great American novel，or working for a short time to help figure out what they want to do with their lives.
Understandably，that makes a lot of parents nervous.But a gap year does not mean that a student will remain degreeless forever.While there are no formal studies on the number of students who don’t finally go to college after the gap year，evidence from admissions officers across the country says very few actually leave college without finishing their courses.Taking a gap year can actually make kids more focused and ready for future academic life.In fact，Harvard University believes so much in the gap year that it encourages every student it admits to consider a year off before matriculation(入学)．
The reason behind higher education’s support of the gap year is clear：Betterprepared students mean higher completion rates.And it’s completion that matters.Parents should remember that getting a kid into college is only half the battle.According to the College Board，three out of five students who enter a public fouryear college don’t manage to obtain a degree within five years.And nearly 30 percent of all students who enter college don’t return after the gap year.Considering the fact that this year’s average price at a fouryear private college is about $23,712 per year, it’s a pretty expensive place to play around.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。美国一些有名的大学鼓励高中毕业生在入学前休学一年做其他事情，对此，许多家长感到很担忧。文章分析了这一行为产生的原因及其积极作用。
25．Students want to take a gap year mainly because .
①they want to have an experience of foreign education
②they want to escape academic pressure for a while
③they want to read more books before college
④they are not completely prepared for college
⑤they can’t decide what to learn in college
A．①③④ B．①③⑤
C．②③④ D．②④⑤
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，学生们想要休学一年主要有三个原因：一、一直上学太累了，需要暂时抽离；二、没有对大学生活做好准备；三、不知道自己的兴趣所在，所以决定不了大学应该选择什么专业。故选D。
26．What makes parents feel concerned about the gap year?
A．The high cost of the gap year.
B．The safety risks outside school.
C．Their kids dropping out of college.
D．Their kids falling behind in their lessons.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But a gap year does not mean that a student will remain degreeless forever...evidence from admissions officers across the country says very few actually leave college without finishing their courses.”不难推测，家长们主要担心孩子们休学一年后不愿意再回学校完成学业。故选C。
27．What is the author’s attitude towards the gap year?
A．Surprised. B．Supportive.
C．Critical. D．Doubtful.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据全文内容，尤其是第三段倒数第二句“Taking a gap year can actually make kids more focused and ready for future academic life.”可以判断，作者支持休学一年的做法。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·安徽江淮十校联考)
Teens are certainly confusing and complicated，but there is one thing that’s clear about them：More than anything else，they want to fit in with their peers.They want and need to stay connected.Without connection，they feel lonely，anxious and sad， 28 .
Teens，like adults，run into all sorts of dilemmas with their friends.Friendships are neither all good nor all bad.As an adult，you have experience with these sorts of friends and have made your own adjustments in these relationships.Given both your own life experience and your concern for your teens，you’re in an excellent position to help your teens set boundaries with friends.Certainly，some friendships are worth maintaining，while some are not， 29 .There are many ways you can help your teens handle these relationships effectively.Here are some steps I would suggest taking：
·Teach your teens to label their feelings.They need to know what it is that they are feeling first to effectively set limits and boundaries with friends.Help them label setbacks，exhaustion，disappointment and anger.This is no small task.Many kids struggle with labeling their feelings.
· 30 .If they sense that something is wrong in a friendship，they’re probably right，and they need to quit it as soon as possible.
·Explain to your teens that they can’t be all things to all friends.And let them know that friendships are most likely to grow and continue if they feel good about them.
·Discuss different ways to set boundaries.Explain to your kids that just as it makes sense to say yes at times， 31 .Just as it’s fine to spend lots of time with a friend during the week，it’s equally OK to spend less time with the same friend when that friend is being too demanding or needy.
·Look at your behavior in relationships. 32 .They are quietly watching your every move.So make sure you’re setting a good example for them to follow in your relationships as well.
A．so they need to tell what are right relationships
B．and they shall find their way out of those friendships
C．Keep in mind that you are your teens’ most important role model
D．Remind your teens of bad relationships
E．it’s also socially acceptable to say no at other times
F．Encourage your teens to mind their feelings and follow the sixth sense
G．but they may get exhausted by their friendships as well
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。青少年没有朋友会感到孤独、焦虑和悲伤。本文主要讲述父母应该指导孩子如何交朋友和如何处理与朋友之间的关系。
28．答案 G
解析 根据上文可知，如果孩子们缺乏与他人的交往，他们会感到孤独、焦虑和悲伤。因此推断G项“但是他们也会因为自己与他人的友谊处理不当而感到身心疲惫”符合语境。故选G。
29．答案 B
解析 根据上文“Certainly，some friendships are worth maintaining，while some are not”可知，有些友谊值得维持，而有些不值得，因此推断当友谊不值得维持时，孩子们应该找到办法摆脱那些友谊。故选B。
30．答案 F
解析 空格处是段落主题句。由下文可知，如果孩子们感到友谊有什么不对，他们应该是对的，需要尽快从中摆脱出来。因此推断本段讲述父母应该鼓励孩子们遵从自己的感觉，听从直觉。故选F。
31．答案 E
解析 根据段落主题句和空前的一句可知，与孩子讨论设置友谊界线的方法，向孩子们解释，在维护友谊的过程中，有时候要说“是”，E项“有时候说‘不’也是社交中认可的”符合语境。故选E。
32．答案 C
解析 根据下文可知，孩子们注视着你的一举一动，所以要确保为他们做好表率，因此推断C项“记住，你是孩子最重要的榜样”。故选C。
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2018·吉林长春四模)
It had been a long time since I had been to Jacksonville，Florida.I had driven to town 33 to find the old barber shop where my hair had been cut as a child.As I 34 around，I was a little disappointed to see the old buildings had been 35 with new highrise ones.
After walking about a block I saw an open shoe store.Wondering whether I could get the 36 ，I walked in.As I stood talking to the salesman，the front door opened and a young man about twenty came into the store in a 37 .“I need a new pair of shoes，” said the 38 .As he turned the corner，I was 39 to see that the young man had no legs.
Seeing us 40 ，the young man said，“When I was a 41 ，my parents used to buy me a new pair of shoes every year.That was such a wonderful feeling— 42 I have never forgotten.”
Soon the salesman came with a large box.He put it down on the floor，took out a boot and handed it to the young man.Placing the boot 43 his nose，the boy closed both eyes，and took a large breath.I did not know what to say as tears began to roll down his 44 .
Suddenly we heard the salesman shouting to an old man 45 who looked in the window from time to time.The young man looked at the old man and then turned to me.“Would you walk out and see what 46 that fellow wears？” he 47 .
Wondering why，I 48 walked to the front door，opened it and asked the old man to 49 .“What size shoes do you wear？” the boy asked the man.“I don’t know，” he replied，as he 50 his old tennis shoes.“I would say nine and a half，” I suggested.“What’s your 51 hiking boot in nine and a half？” the boy asked the salesman.Within a minute，the salesman returned with a pair of hiking boots.The boy 52 out，took the boot，placed it to his nose and took a large breath.Once again，tears came to his eyes.“Sir，would you mind trying on these boots？” the boy asked the old fellow.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一家鞋店看到的一个没有腿的年轻人为一位贫穷老人买鞋子的故事。
33．A.needing B．waiting
C．helping D．hoping
答案 D
解析 句意为：我开车到城镇里希望找到那个旧理发店。所以选项D切题。need需要；wait等待；help帮助；hope希望。
34．A.wandered B．jumped
C．ran D．wondered
答案 A
解析 句意为：当我四处游荡时，看到那些旧建筑被替换成新的高层建筑，我有点失望。所以选项A切题。wander徘徊，漫步；jump跳；run跑；wonder想知道。wander around (四处)徘徊。
35．A.ruined B．decorated
C．replaced D．lined
答案 C
解析 参考上题解析。ruin毁坏；decorate装饰；replace取代；line排成一行。be replaced with被替换为。故选C。
36．A.key B．answer
C．shoes D．service
答案 B
解析 根据上文可知，作者没有找到那家旧理发店。当看到一家鞋店时，作者希望通过询问店员得到答案。所以选项B切题。key钥匙；answer答案；shoes鞋；service服务。
37．A.wheelchair B．car
C．boot D．suit
答案 A
解析 根据下文“the young man had no legs”可知，这个年轻人没有腿，所以他应该是坐着轮椅。所以选项A切题。wheelchair轮椅；car车；boot靴子；suit套装。
38．A.salesman B．owner
C．elder D．customer
答案 D
解析 根据下文可知，这个年轻人说：“我要一双新鞋。”所以他是一名顾客。所以选项D切题。salesman售货员；owner店主；elder长者；customer顾客。
39．A.excited B．shocked
C．ashamed D．embarrassed
答案 B
解析 作者发现说要一双新鞋的年轻人居然没有腿，所以他感觉非常吃惊。所以选项B切题。excited兴奋地；shocked吃惊地；ashamed羞愧地；embarrassed尴尬地。
40．A.unsatisfied B．uninterested
C．puzzled D．worried
答案 C
解析 根据前文可知，作者和店员都吃惊于这个没有腿的年轻人居然来买鞋，所以年轻人看到了他们脸上的疑惑表情。所以选项C切题。unsatisfied不满意的；uninterested不感兴趣的；puzzled困惑的；worried担心的。
41．A.student B．manager
C．barber D．kid
答案 D
解析 句意为：当我还是一个孩子时，我父母每年都给我买一双新鞋。所以选项D切题。student学生；manager经理；barber理发师；kid孩子。
42．A.everything B．something
C．nothing D．anything
答案 B
解析 句意为：那真是一种美妙的感觉——我从来没有忘记过。这里是说父母给他买鞋的回忆是他从来没有忘记过的。所以选项B切题。everything每件事；something重要的事；nothing无关紧要的事；anything任何事。
43．A.to B．over
C．across D．on
答案 A
解析 句意为：年轻人把靴子放在鼻子前，闭上双眼，吸了一大口气。所以选项A切题。to到，向；over超过，在……之上；across穿过，横穿；on在……之上。
44．A.sleeves B．hands
C．cheeks D．legs
答案 C
解析 句意为：当眼泪滑落年轻人的脸颊，我不知道该说点什么。所以选项C切题。sleeve袖子；hand手；cheek脸颊；leg腿。
45．A.in horror B．in sorrow
C．in relief D．in rags
答案 D
解析 句意为：突然，我们听到售货员向一位衣着破旧并不时往窗户里看的老人大喊。由常理可知，如果是一般顾客或行人，售货员不会如此无礼地对待对方。只有乞丐在附近逗留时，售货员才会这样。所以选项D切题。in horror惊恐地；in sorrow悲伤地；in relief如释重负地；in rags衣衫褴褛。
46．A.color B．size
C．price D．material
答案 B
解析 由后文可知，作者出门问老人穿多大号码的鞋子，所以这里年轻人是拜托作者帮忙询问老人鞋的尺寸。所以选项B切题。color颜色；size尺寸；price价格；material材料。
47．A.requested B．ordered
C．required D．begged
答案 A
解析 联系上一小题，年轻人拜托作者帮忙询问老人的鞋子尺寸，二者素不相识，所以年轻人应该是请求作者帮忙。所以选项A切题。request请求；order命令；require要求；beg乞求。
48．A.suddenly B．unwillingly
C．slowly D．steadily
答案 C
解析 句意为：带着疑问，我慢慢地走到门前，打开门让老人进来。所以选项C切题。suddenly突然地；unwillingly不情愿地；slowly慢慢地；steadily稳定地。
49．A.leave B．enter
C．visit D．meet
答案 B
解析 联系上一题可知，作者开门让老人进入店里。所以选项B切题。leave离开；enter进入；visit拜访；meet遇见。
50．A.turned around B．showed up
C．turned away D．looked down at
答案 D
解析 年轻人问老人穿多大号的鞋。老人应该是低头看了看自己的旧鞋，然后回答不知道。所以选项D切题。turn around转过身；show up出现；turn away避开；look down at低头看着。
51．A.best B．dearest
C．heaviest D．quickest
答案 A
解析 句意为：年轻人问售货员店里最好的九分半尺码的鞋是哪种。所以选项A切题。best最好的；dearest最贵的；heaviest最重的；quickest最快的。
52．A.burst B．looked
C．reached D．broke
答案 C
解析 根据后面“...took the boot，placed it to his nose...”可知，年轻人伸手拿起了鞋子，又放在了鼻子前面。所以选项C切题。burst out突然说出，爆发；look out注意；reach out伸手拿；break out爆发。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2018·河南漯河四模)
Papercutting or paper cutting is the art of paper designs.The art has evolved all over the world in different cultural ways.One traditional quality most 53. (style) share in common is that the designs are cut from a single sheet of paper，not multiple sheets as in collage(拼贴)．
The art appeared during the Han Dynasty after the Chinese official Cai Lun invented paper.The oldest 54. (survive) paper cutout is a symmetrical(对称的) circle from the 6th century found in Xinjiang，China.Papercutting continued to develop 55. (steady) during the Song and Tang Dynasties as 56. unique form of decorative art.
Papercutting appeared in West Asia in the 16th century.The knowledge of paper making did not reach Europe until the 13th century.In Switzerland and Germany，for example，it was not until the 16th century 57. papercut art was established.
Although it is popular around the globe，only the Chinese papercut 58. (list) in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in 2009.Modern paper cutting has developed 59.
a commercial industry.Papercutting 60. (remain) popular in modern China，especially during the Chinese New Year or weddings.
Jianzhi(剪纸) is a traditional style of papercutting in China.Jianzhi 61. (practice) in China since at least the 6th Century AD has different uses in Chinese culture，all of which have different meanings or intentions.62. people generally want to achieve is to wish for a better future.And red is the most commonly used color.
53．答案 styles
解析 考查名词。此处由most修饰，可数名词用复数，指大多数风格，故填styles。
54．答案 surviving
解析 考查形容词。此处修饰名词paper用形容词，指最古老的幸存的剪纸，故填surviving。
55．答案 steadily
解析 考查副词。此处修饰动词develop用副词，指稳定发展，故填副词steadily。
56．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。句中form是可数名词单数，此处指一种独特的装饰艺术形式，表示一种，故填冠词a。
57．答案 that
解析 考查强调句。此处是强调句，结构为：It is/ was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。此处指直到16世纪剪纸才在瑞士和德国确立。故填that。
58．答案 was listed
解析 考查被动语态。主语the Chinese papercut和动词list是被动关系，此处作谓语用被动语态。中国剪纸在2009年被列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，故填was listed。
59．答案 into
解析 考查介词。此处指现代剪纸已经发展成为了商业产业。develop into发展成为，是固定搭配，故填into。
60．答案 remains
解析 考查主谓一致。根据in modern China可知用一般现在时，主语Papercutting是单数，谓语动词与之一致也用单数，故填remains。
61．答案 practiced
解析 考查过去分词。此处指从6世纪就在中国被实践的剪纸，主语Jianzhi和动词practice是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填practiced。
62．答案 What
解析 考查连接代词。此处引导主语从句且作want的宾语，指人们想要的就是希望有一个更好的未来。故填What。
Ⅶ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，寒假期间要到伦敦旅游。请你给你伦敦的朋友Tom写一封信，询问他是否能到机场接你并请他推荐酒店。要点包括：
1．航班和到达时间；
2．请求推荐酒店。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Dear Tom，
I’ll fly to London for a visit during the winter holiday.And I wonder if you could do me a favor.
I’ll take Flight BA038 and the plane lands at 3∶30 pm on January 30 at the Heathrow Airport.The flight will last 3 hours.Will you be free to meet me at the airport when I arrive？Besides，could you recommend some suitable hotels there to me so that I can book one ahead of time?
Best wishes and I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
基础知识默写
1.frightening adj.吓人的；可怕的→frightened adj.感到害怕的→frighten vt.使害怕→fright n.害怕；恐惧
2.process n.进程；过程 v.加工
3.citizen n.公民；市民
4.dust n.沙尘；灰尘→dusty adj.满是灰尘的
5.forecast vt.预报，预告→forecast/forecasted(过去式)→forecast/forecasted(过去分词)
6.strength n.力量；力气→strong adj.强壮的→strengthen vt.加强；增强
7.atmosphere n.大气；大气层；气氛
8.environment n.环境→environmental adj.环境的；环保的→environmentalist n.环保人士
9.recycle v.重新利用；再循环
10.coastal adj.沿海的
11.concerned adj.关心的；担心的→concern n.&v.关心；担心→concerning prep.关于
12.evidence n.根据；证明→evident adj.明显的；显然的
13.major adj.主要的；多数的 n.专业 vi.主修→minor(反) adj.较小的；次要的
14.urgent adj.紧急的→urge vt.催促；极力主张 n.强烈的愿望→urgency n.紧急情况
15.scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的→scare vt.使害怕，使恐惧；n.恐惧；惊吓→scared adj.害怕的
16.sandstorm n.沙尘暴
17.campaign n.战役；活动
18.pollute vt.污染→pollution n.污染 →polluted adj.受到污染的
19.protection n.保护→protect vt.保护→protective adj.防护的
20.mass adj.大量的；大规模的 n.大量；许多
21.mask n.面罩 v.掩盖
22.cycle vi.骑自行车 n.循环
23.chemical n.化学药品→chemistry n.化学
24.complain vi.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n.埋怨
25.absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地→absolute adj.完全的；绝对的
26.melt vi.融化
27.cut down砍倒；削减
28.be/get caught in突然遭遇(风暴等)
29.wake up醒来
30.one after another一个接一个地
31.have a bad effect on对……有坏影响
32.take in吸收；理解；欺骗
33.give out放出；发出；分发；发表
34.can’t help but只能；只好
35.in a nutshell简言之；概括地讲
36.look through浏览
37.They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun，and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.
它们(沙尘)常常弥漫以至于你连太阳都看不见，风力有时强到可以移动沙丘。
38.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
沙尘暴有时候持续一整天，浓密的沙尘使得能见度很低，因此来往车辆行驶得很慢。
39.It’s difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill.
呼吸困难，沙尘使我很难受。
40.The garbage is then taken away and，if possible，recycled.(省略结构)
然后垃圾被运走，如果可能的话，再被回收利用。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.She expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process(过程)—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic”.(2018·北京)
2.Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you，where the atmosphere(气氛) of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts？(2016·全国Ⅱ)
3.I never felt an urge(渴望) to learn any sign language before because the spoken languages were enough in all my interactions(交往).(2017·全国Ⅰ)
4.Wang Shu，a 49yearold Chinese architect，won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize.He is the first Chinese citizen(公民) to win this award.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
5.They tracked the environmental(环境的) costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
6.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to strengthen(strength) your leg muscles，avoid hills and get good running shoes.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
7.I’m not sure who is more frightened(frighten)，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
8.Four days of product design centred around textiles.Making lovely objects using recycled(recycle) and made materials.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
9.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned(concern) about ‘bad’ tables”，given that they’re profitable.(2018·江苏)
10.Why do you think environmental protection(protect) is important in America？(2017·浙江)
11.This switch has decreased pollution(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs(水库) and made drinking water safer for people.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
12.The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely(absolute) nowhere here.(2017·天津)
13.In this box are some stem cells that are urgently(urgent) needed for a patient.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
14.The majority(major) of them take an online language test before starting their programme.
(2016·天津)
15.The weather forecast(预报) says it will be cloudy with a slight chance of rain later tonight.
(2016·天津)
Ⅱ.选词成篇
Regions of northern China 1. were caught in a yellow gale(大风) last week，including Xinjiang，Qinghai，Gansu，Ningxia，Inner Mongolia.
At 7∶10 pm，on April 24，people in Minqin county，Gansu Province 2.woke up and found that barely anything could be seen because of the strong wind.Bad news came 3.one after another.Local meteorologists(气象专家) called the phenomenon the “black wind”，which 4.had a bad effect on the local life.People who needed to go to work 5. can’t help but use masks to cover their mouths and noses.
It was hard to imagine，even with the masks，people still 6.took in a lot of dust and sand because the strong wind full of sand hit people like a wall.
If 7.looking through the news，you will find out the reason.Every year from March to May，the combination of cold air and high temperatures in deserts is likely to form sandstorms.However,8.cutting down of trees contributes partly to the increase in sandstorms in China.Moreover，the cars，which 9.give out harmfull gases，are another reason.10.In a nutshell，only if more effective measures are taken，can the situation be improved.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Green Hill is so good a place to relax that we will have a great time.(so...that...)
绿山是一个令人放松的好地方，我们一定会玩得很高兴。
2.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.(make it＋adj.＋to do...)(2017·全国Ⅱ)
政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料，使车辆更容易飞行。
3.Always look at the bright side，and if possible，focus on the positive side of life.(省略结构)
总看事情好的一面，而且如有可能，关注生活中积极的方面。
1.“前缀fore”常见词一览
(1)forecast v.&n.预测；预报
(2)foresee v.预见；预知
(3)forehead n.前额
(4)foreword n.前言
(5)foretell v.预言；预示
2.“后缀th”高频名词集锦
(1)strength 力量；力气
(2)length 长度
(3)warmth 温暖
(4)depth 深度
(5)growth 成长
3.“简言之”大团圆
(1)in a nutshell
(2)in a word
(3)all in all
(4)in short/brief
(5)to be brief
4.“take 短语”小聚
(1)take over 接收，接管
(2)take away 拿走；夺走
(3)take down 写下；记下
(4)take in 吸收；理解；欺骗
(5)take off 脱下；起飞；腾飞
(6)take on 呈现；雇用；承担
(7)take up 占据；开始从事；继续
mass adj.大量的；大规模的
n.团，块，堆；大量；群众；质量
(1)in the mass总体上；大体上
a mass of/masses of大量的……
the masses群众
mass production大规模生产
(2)massive adj.大的；大量的；非常严重的
(1)A mass of information has(have) been revealed already.
(2)So far，a mass of books have(have) been handed out.
(3)The masses are(be) often the makers of history.
(4)There has been a massive(mass) rise around the globe in shortsightedness.
(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模)
(5)In the mass(总体上)，ebikes’ advantages are more than disadvantages.
易错点拨 a mass of/masses of大量的，许多的，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。
masses of＋名词＋谓语动词复数
a mass of＋
process n.过程；进程；步骤，流程
v.处理；办理；加工
(1)in the process在进行中
in the process of在……过程中
(2)processed adj.(仅用于名词前)经加工的，加工过的
(1)Actually you can make learning English a process where you can not only learn much knowledge but also interesting cultures.
(2)Future 3D food printers could make processed(process) food healthier.(2018·天津)
(3)The museum is in the process of being restored(正在修复中) these days.
易错点拨
(1)表示做某事的方法或程序，process后可以接of/for doing sth.，但一般不接不定式。
(2)process作先行词，引导词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where。
(1)strengths and weaknesses优点和缺点
build up one’s strength强身健体
(2)strengthen v.加强
(1)The university hopes to strengthen(strength) its ties with the local community.
[写出下列句子中strength的汉语意思]
(2)It’s important to know your own strengths and weaknesses.优点
(3)As for me，I’m crazy about basketball since it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life. (2018·全国Ⅲ)力量
(4)Maths is my strength，while I don’t do well in English.强项
concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的(作前置定语)；有关的；参与的(作后置定语)
(1)as far as ...be concerned就……而言
be concerned about/for对……担心/关心
be concerned with与……有关
(2)concern vt.涉及；与……有关；(使)担忧；n.担心，忧虑；关心；(利害)关系
show/express concern for/about对……表示关心
(3)concerning prep.关于
(1)Before long，I came to know Professor Smith，who showed concern for/about my study and work.不久，我认识了史密斯教授，他关心我的学习和工作。
(2)As far as I’m concerned，what the parents think is right，but what they do is wrong.在我看来，父母想的是正确的，但他们所做的是错误的。
(3)Concerning the toll free policy on the expressway，what concerns us most is the traffic jams while some are concerned about the safety.(concern)
关于高速公路通行费免费政策，我们最担心的是交通堵塞，而有些人担心的是安全问题。
major adj.主要的；较重要的
v.主修
n.专业，主修科目；某专业的学生
(1)major in主修……
(2)majority n.大部分；大多数；大半
in a/the majority占大多数
(1)[一句多译] 我在大学里主修英语。
①I major in English at university.
②My major is English at university.
③I’m an English major at university.
(2)Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are in the/a majority(占多数).
易错点拨 major本身含有“比较”之意，没有比较等级的变化，也不可与than连用。
(1)complain to sb.of/about向某人抱怨；诉说
(2)complaint n.抱怨，怨言；不满，委屈
make a complaint about投诉……
(1)We received a lot of complaints from customers about the lack of parking facilities.
(2)Instead of doing the task happily，he wandered around there for hours，complaining(complain) to himself and doing a bad job.(2018·山东德州二模)
(3)[同义句改写] She complained that her work was too hard.(改为简单句)
She complained of/about her work being too hard.
易错点拨 complain用作及物动词时，只能接that从句，不接名词或代词。
cut in插话
cut up切碎；使伤心
cut out删除；剪下
cut through开辟；抄近路穿过，走近路
cut off切断；中止；隔绝
[写出下列句子中cut down的汉语意思]
(1)He tried to cut down on smoking but failed.减少；削减
(2)Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper.删节；删减
(3)He cut down the tree and cut it up for firewood.砍倒
[完成句子]
(4)He was badly cut up by the death of his son.
他因儿子的死极为悲伤。
(5)When their children lived far away from them，these old people felt cut off from the world.
(2016·浙江)
当孩子们住得离他们很远时，这些老人们感觉是与外界隔离了。
易错点拨 表示“减少；削减”时，可用cut down，也可用cut down on。
come/go into effect生效
take effect生效；奏效
bring/put...into effect实施
in effect实际上
(1)You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
(2018·浙江)
(2)The new law will come/go into effect(生效) next month.
(3)In effect(实际上)，we’ll be earning less than we were last year.
take off起飞；脱下；迅速流行；(事业等)步入正轨，腾飞
take over接管；继承；支配
take on呈现；雇用
take up从事；继续；拿起；占据
take down拿下；写下；记下
[写出下列句子中taken in的汉语意思]
(1)Don’t be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week.欺骗
(2)Gazing up into his eyes，she seemed to take in all he said.领会，理解
(3)He was homeless，so we took him in.收留
(4)They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.吸收
(5)Next time you take a walk，no matter where it is，take in all the sights，sounds and sensations.
(2018·天津)
观看
(6)The tour takes in six European capitals.包括，包含
[根据语境用上述短语的正确形式填空]
(7)At the age of 18，he ①took over his father’s company.As a chief manager，he ②took in a number of talents，which made his company ③take on a new look.At last，his career ④took off.18岁时，他接管了父亲的公司。作为总经理，他吸纳了大量人才，这使他的公司呈现出新的面貌。最终，他的事业步入正轨。
give away泄露；赠送
give in上交；让步；投降
give off发出
give up放弃
give way to让步
give voice to表达对……的看法
[写出下列句子中give out的汉语意思]
(1)The radio is giving out a strange signal.发出
(2)I saw a man giving out handbills in the street.分发
(3)Just as I approached the town，my legs finally gave out.筋疲力尽
(4)He has refused to give out any information on the matter.公布
[完成句子]
(5)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice to her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津)
玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默，但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。
易错点拨 give out作“用完；用尽”解时，不及物，相当于run out。
They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun，and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.它们(沙尘)常常弥漫以至于你连太阳都看不见，风力有时强到可以移动沙丘。
(1)so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”。
(2)so that...既可引导结果状语从句，也可引导目的状语从句，引导目的状语从句时，从句中常用can/may/could/might/should等情态动词；当引导目的状语从句且主从句主语一致时，可改为so as to do...。
(3)so...that...句型的常见形式：
(4)such...that...句型的常见形式：
(5)当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
(1)There were so many books in the shop that he didn’t know which to buy.
书店有那么多书，以至于他不知道该买哪些。
(2)Dalian is such an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
＝Dalian is so attractive a place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
大连是一个如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅游。
(3)So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding the bicycle.
我非常兴奋，迫不及待地想尝试骑自行车。
[句式升级]
(4)He was deeply absorbed in work，so he forgot all about eating and sleeping.(so...that...)
He was so deeply absorbed in work that he forgot all about eating and sleeping.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A sudden stop can be a very frightening(frighten) experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.(2016·浙江)
2．In his introduction，he made it clear that our credits would be hardearned.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
3．Yet there is evidence(evident) suggesting that the trend is growing.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
4．The students began complaining about how cold it would be.(2018·天津)
5．The job market has changed and our approach to finding(find) work must change as well.
6．The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.(2016·四川)
7．I didn’t mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying(try) it.(2018·天津)
8．What the public is concerned about is whether a new international order will be established.
9．He cycles to work on a daily basis，which is beneficial to build up his strength.
10．So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared(scare)．(2018·天津)
Ⅱ.单元知识运用(关于环保)
1．现如今，很明显，空气污染如此严重，以至于人们开始抱怨。(It is evident that...；so...that...)
2．最近的研究表明，空气污染对我们的健康有着不良的影响。(make＋it＋adj.＋that从句)
3．因此，如何保护环境已成为社会的一个主要关注点。(how引导的主语从句)
4．环境保护作为一个巨大的挑战，加强人们的环境保护意识是当务之急。
5．在我看来，尽管改变这种情况是一个缓慢的过程，但我们应该充满信心，并且尝试各种方法来解决这个问题。(v.ing作主语)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Nowadays 11.it is evident that air pollution has become so serious that people start to complain about it.Recent studies 12.make it clear that the air pollution has a bad effect on our health.Therefore,13.how to protect the environment has become a major concern of the whole society.As a great challenge,14.it is urgent to strengthen people’s awareness of environmental protection.15.As far as I’m concerned，though 16.getting it changed is a slow process，we should be confident and 17.try every means to solve it.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：文娱 难度星级：☆☆
Lying alongside mountains of smelly garbage under the South American sun，Cateura is a long way from the conservatories of Prague or Vienna.Yet the township，which grew out of Paraguay’s largest dump(垃圾场)，is gaining a reputation as a hothouse for musical talent and for its youth orchestra(管弦乐队) that plays instruments made from garbage.“The world sends us garbage.We send back music，” says Favio Chavez，leader of the “Recycled Orchestra”，during a recent visit by the group to Los Angeles.Orchestra members，poor children from Cateura，play violins fashioned from oven trays and guitars made from dessert dishes.The orchestra provides the youngsters an outlet and an escape，a chance to go beyond the mess of their slum(贫民窟) through the music of Mozart，and even Sinatra.“In the beginning，it was difficult to play，” says the 10yearold violinist Celeste Fleitas.“But Favio helped me learn over time.From Favio，I have learned to be more responsible and value the things I have.”
The destination for more than 1,500 tons of waste each day，the community has no safe drinking water and little access to electricity or sanitation(卫生设施)．Illiteracy is severe，and the children of the township often fall into drugs，violence and crimes.
Favio Chavez，a musical talent，came to Cateura as an environmental technician in 2006 and started a youth music school.He knew shopbought instruments were beyond the means of villagers whose sheds are worth less than a violin，so he approached a carpenter to make some out of waste from the dump.
The orchestra caught the eye of Paraguayan filmmaker Alejandra Amarilla.She uploaded a short piece of the orchestra to YouTube in 2012，hoping to secure crowdfunding for what would become Landfill Harmonic，a documentary released across the United States this month and promoting the youngsters on a tour of the world’s music halls later on.
18．What is the best title of the text?
A．Youngsters Carry Tunes from Garbage to Victory
B．A Music Talent Hit the Road to the World Stage
C．A Town for Music Fans
D．An Orchestra on a Global Tour
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据文章第一段和全文内容可推知，本文主要讲的是一群年轻人利用垃圾制造的乐器演奏音乐并取得成功的故事。所以A项为最佳标题。
19．What do we know about Cateura?
A．It has raised people’s awareness of recycling trash.
B．It has caught more attention through the orchestra.
C．It recycles more than 1,500 tons of rubbish per day.
D．It provides its children with better schooling conditions.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句可知，Cateura因其音乐人才和其弹奏用垃圾做的乐器的青年管弦乐队而闻名，得到了更多的关注，故选B。
20．Why did Alejandra Amarilla upload a piece of the orchestra to YouTube?
A．To assist the youngsters with a world tour.
B．To collect funding for a documentary.
C．To organize carpenters to make instruments.
D．To catch the eye of the Paraguay government.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句中的“She uploaded a short piece of the orchestra to YouTube in 2012，hoping to secure crowdfunding for what would become Landfill Harmonic，a documentary”可知，Alejandra Amarilla把管弦乐队的作品上传到网上是为了给纪录片筹钱。故选B。
21．What can we learn from Favio Chavez?
A．To work in a team weighs more.
B．To recycle things is to conserve things.
C．To be creative is a quality of a leader.
D．To own nothing is no excuse to do nothing.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段Favio Chavez把垃圾变为乐器的事可推知，即使什么也没有也可以有所作为，故选D。
话题：环境 难度星级：☆☆☆
Nowadays people are facing lots of threats(威胁) all over the world.
A serious threat to farmers in many parts of the world is erosion(侵蚀)．Erosion happens if a large area of land is cleared of trees and is then badly treated by the farmers.The rain and winds may gradually wash away，or blow away much of the topsoil.When this happens，crops of wheat and corn become weaker and weaker until nothing grows well.If erosion continues，it will turn good land into a desert.
In the past，when erosion appeared，farmers sometimes moved to a new place to farm. Sometimes they could not move，but continued to try to grow food in the unhealthy soil.This caused them to sink into poverty.Soon some people realized that there was little rich，fertile soil in the world.The government began to try to stop erosion.
One of the first experiments to stop erosion began in the United States in 1933.The experiment was carried out in the area of the Tennessee River.Flood and bad farming in this area had ruined the land that had once been rich.As a result，most of the people living around the Tennessee River were very poor.
The government built big dams across the river and stored the water for use during the dry season，when there was no rain.The government workers also helped the farmers fertilize their soil and learn new farming methods which could stop erosion.
In the beginning，the farmers were not interested.But soon，good healthy crops began to appear on the land where new methods were used.Ten years after that the crops were extremely good.The great success of this experiment led to similar projects in other parts of the world.
With the development of science and technology，people are trying to get rid of all the threats they are facing.However，it’s not an easy job，because at the same time people are polluting their homeland.
语篇解读 现在全世界人们面临着许多威胁。对世界许多地区的农民来说一个严重的威胁就是侵蚀。侵蚀会使肥沃的土地变成沙漠，无法种植庄稼，许多农民只好搬迁。在1933年美国开始了防止侵蚀的尝试，政府采取各种措施以防止土地侵蚀，从而试图摆脱所面临的这一威胁。
22．Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Tennessee River area?
A．It was an area seriously affected by erosion.
B．It used to be a poor and infertile land.
C．It often suffered from floods.
D．It has become a model for other parts of the world to follow.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的第三句“Flood and bad farming in this area had ruined the land that had once been rich.(这个地区的洪水和恶劣的农业破坏了曾经肥沃的土地。)”可知，这地方曾经是肥沃的土地，而不是贫瘠的土地。故B是错误的。
23．In the third paragraph “to sink into poverty” means “ ”．
A．to become very poor
B．to lose topsoil in erosion
C．to become weaker and weaker until nothing grows well
D．to return into a desert
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。由上文知，有时农民无法迁移，就继续在贫瘠的土地上种庄稼，故会使他们变得很贫穷。故选A。
24．The main purpose of this passage is to tell people .
A．something can be done to prevent erosion
B．the importance of using new farming methods
C．the serious result of erosion
D．how erosion happens
答案 A
解析 写作意图题。由文章倒数第二、三段可知，人们是可以通过采取措施来防止土地侵蚀的。故选A。
话题：社会 难度星级：☆☆
Some of the most famous universities in America are urging students to consider the idea of putting off college for a year.It’s called a “gap year”．And while it’s been common and popular in Australia and the U．K.for decades，the concept is now starting to gain significant steam here in America.
Why？A growing number of high school seniors are tired of riding the academic conveyor belt from preschool all the way to university.They’re burnt out.Or not quite ready.Or they want to explore a few interests before deciding what to study in college，they’re volunteering in New Orleans or teaching in Thailand.They’re starting the great American novel，or working for a short time to help figure out what they want to do with their lives.
Understandably，that makes a lot of parents nervous.But a gap year does not mean that a student will remain degreeless forever.While there are no formal studies on the number of students who don’t finally go to college after the gap year，evidence from admissions officers across the country says very few actually leave college without finishing their courses.Taking a gap year can actually make kids more focused and ready for future academic life.In fact，Harvard University believes so much in the gap year that it encourages every student it admits to consider a year off before matriculation(入学)．
The reason behind higher education’s support of the gap year is clear：Betterprepared students mean higher completion rates.And it’s completion that matters.Parents should remember that getting a kid into college is only half the battle.According to the College Board，three out of five students who enter a public fouryear college don’t manage to obtain a degree within five years.And nearly 30 percent of all students who enter college don’t return after the gap year.Considering the fact that this year’s average price at a fouryear private college is about $23,712 per year, it’s a pretty expensive place to play around.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。美国一些有名的大学鼓励高中毕业生在入学前休学一年做其他事情，对此，许多家长感到很担忧。文章分析了这一行为产生的原因及其积极作用。
25．Students want to take a gap year mainly because .
①they want to have an experience of foreign education
②they want to escape academic pressure for a while
③they want to read more books before college
④they are not completely prepared for college
⑤they can’t decide what to learn in college
A．①③④ B．①③⑤
C．②③④ D．②④⑤
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，学生们想要休学一年主要有三个原因：一、一直上学太累了，需要暂时抽离；二、没有对大学生活做好准备；三、不知道自己的兴趣所在，所以决定不了大学应该选择什么专业。故选D。
26．What makes parents feel concerned about the gap year?
A．The high cost of the gap year.
B．The safety risks outside school.
C．Their kids dropping out of college.
D．Their kids falling behind in their lessons.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But a gap year does not mean that a student will remain degreeless forever...evidence from admissions officers across the country says very few actually leave college without finishing their courses.”不难推测，家长们主要担心孩子们休学一年后不愿意再回学校完成学业。故选C。
27．What is the author’s attitude towards the gap year?
A．Surprised. B．Supportive.
C．Critical. D．Doubtful.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据全文内容，尤其是第三段倒数第二句“Taking a gap year can actually make kids more focused and ready for future academic life.”可以判断，作者支持休学一年的做法。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·安徽江淮十校联考)
Teens are certainly confusing and complicated，but there is one thing that’s clear about them：More than anything else，they want to fit in with their peers.They want and need to stay connected.Without connection，they feel lonely，anxious and sad， 28 .
Teens，like adults，run into all sorts of dilemmas with their friends.Friendships are neither all good nor all bad.As an adult，you have experience with these sorts of friends and have made your own adjustments in these relationships.Given both your own life experience and your concern for your teens，you’re in an excellent position to help your teens set boundaries with friends.Certainly，some friendships are worth maintaining，while some are not， 29 .There are many ways you can help your teens handle these relationships effectively.Here are some steps I would suggest taking：
·Teach your teens to label their feelings.They need to know what it is that they are feeling first to effectively set limits and boundaries with friends.Help them label setbacks，exhaustion，disappointment and anger.This is no small task.Many kids struggle with labeling their feelings.
· 30 .If they sense that something is wrong in a friendship，they’re probably right，and they need to quit it as soon as possible.
·Explain to your teens that they can’t be all things to all friends.And let them know that friendships are most likely to grow and continue if they feel good about them.
·Discuss different ways to set boundaries.Explain to your kids that just as it makes sense to say yes at times， 31 .Just as it’s fine to spend lots of time with a friend during the week，it’s equally OK to spend less time with the same friend when that friend is being too demanding or needy.
·Look at your behavior in relationships. 32 .They are quietly watching your every move.So make sure you’re setting a good example for them to follow in your relationships as well.
A．so they need to tell what are right relationships
B．and they shall find their way out of those friendships
C．Keep in mind that you are your teens’ most important role model
D．Remind your teens of bad relationships
E．it’s also socially acceptable to say no at other times
F．Encourage your teens to mind their feelings and follow the sixth sense
G．but they may get exhausted by their friendships as well
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。青少年没有朋友会感到孤独、焦虑和悲伤。本文主要讲述父母应该指导孩子如何交朋友和如何处理与朋友之间的关系。
28．答案 G
解析 根据上文可知，如果孩子们缺乏与他人的交往，他们会感到孤独、焦虑和悲伤。因此推断G项“但是他们也会因为自己与他人的友谊处理不当而感到身心疲惫”符合语境。故选G。
29．答案 B
解析 根据上文“Certainly，some friendships are worth maintaining，while some are not”可知，有些友谊值得维持，而有些不值得，因此推断当友谊不值得维持时，孩子们应该找到办法摆脱那些友谊。故选B。
30．答案 F
解析 空格处是段落主题句。由下文可知，如果孩子们感到友谊有什么不对，他们应该是对的，需要尽快从中摆脱出来。因此推断本段讲述父母应该鼓励孩子们遵从自己的感觉，听从直觉。故选F。
31．答案 E
解析 根据段落主题句和空前的一句可知，与孩子讨论设置友谊界线的方法，向孩子们解释，在维护友谊的过程中，有时候要说“是”，E项“有时候说‘不’也是社交中认可的”符合语境。故选E。
32．答案 C
解析 根据下文可知，孩子们注视着你的一举一动，所以要确保为他们做好表率，因此推断C项“记住，你是孩子最重要的榜样”。故选C。
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2018·吉林长春四模)
It had been a long time since I had been to Jacksonville，Florida.I had driven to town 33 to find the old barber shop where my hair had been cut as a child.As I 34 around，I was a little disappointed to see the old buildings had been 35 with new highrise ones.
After walking about a block I saw an open shoe store.Wondering whether I could get the 36 ，I walked in.As I stood talking to the salesman，the front door opened and a young man about twenty came into the store in a 37 .“I need a new pair of shoes，” said the 38 .As he turned the corner，I was 39 to see that the young man had no legs.
Seeing us 40 ，the young man said，“When I was a 41 ，my parents used to buy me a new pair of shoes every year.That was such a wonderful feeling— 42 I have never forgotten.”
Soon the salesman came with a large box.He put it down on the floor，took out a boot and handed it to the young man.Placing the boot 43 his nose，the boy closed both eyes，and took a large breath.I did not know what to say as tears began to roll down his 44 .
Suddenly we heard the salesman shouting to an old man 45 who looked in the window from time to time.The young man looked at the old man and then turned to me.“Would you walk out and see what 46 that fellow wears？” he 47 .
Wondering why，I 48 walked to the front door，opened it and asked the old man to 49 .“What size shoes do you wear？” the boy asked the man.“I don’t know，” he replied，as he 50 his old tennis shoes.“I would say nine and a half，” I suggested.“What’s your 51 hiking boot in nine and a half？” the boy asked the salesman.Within a minute，the salesman returned with a pair of hiking boots.The boy 52 out，took the boot，placed it to his nose and took a large breath.Once again，tears came to his eyes.“Sir，would you mind trying on these boots？” the boy asked the old fellow.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一家鞋店看到的一个没有腿的年轻人为一位贫穷老人买鞋子的故事。
33．A.needing B．waiting
C．helping D．hoping
答案 D
解析 句意为：我开车到城镇里希望找到那个旧理发店。所以选项D切题。need需要；wait等待；help帮助；hope希望。
34．A.wandered B．jumped
C．ran D．wondered
答案 A
解析 句意为：当我四处游荡时，看到那些旧建筑被替换成新的高层建筑，我有点失望。所以选项A切题。wander徘徊，漫步；jump跳；run跑；wonder想知道。wander around (四处)徘徊。
35．A.ruined B．decorated
C．replaced D．lined
答案 C
解析 参考上题解析。ruin毁坏；decorate装饰；replace取代；line排成一行。be replaced with被替换为。故选C。
36．A.key B．answer
C．shoes D．service
答案 B
解析 根据上文可知，作者没有找到那家旧理发店。当看到一家鞋店时，作者希望通过询问店员得到答案。所以选项B切题。key钥匙；answer答案；shoes鞋；service服务。
37．A.wheelchair B．car
C．boot D．suit
答案 A
解析 根据下文“the young man had no legs”可知，这个年轻人没有腿，所以他应该是坐着轮椅。所以选项A切题。wheelchair轮椅；car车；boot靴子；suit套装。
38．A.salesman B．owner
C．elder D．customer
答案 D
解析 根据下文可知，这个年轻人说：“我要一双新鞋。”所以他是一名顾客。所以选项D切题。salesman售货员；owner店主；elder长者；customer顾客。
39．A.excited B．shocked
C．ashamed D．embarrassed
答案 B
解析 作者发现说要一双新鞋的年轻人居然没有腿，所以他感觉非常吃惊。所以选项B切题。excited兴奋地；shocked吃惊地；ashamed羞愧地；embarrassed尴尬地。
40．A.unsatisfied B．uninterested
C．puzzled D．worried
答案 C
解析 根据前文可知，作者和店员都吃惊于这个没有腿的年轻人居然来买鞋，所以年轻人看到了他们脸上的疑惑表情。所以选项C切题。unsatisfied不满意的；uninterested不感兴趣的；puzzled困惑的；worried担心的。
41．A.student B．manager
C．barber D．kid
答案 D
解析 句意为：当我还是一个孩子时，我父母每年都给我买一双新鞋。所以选项D切题。student学生；manager经理；barber理发师；kid孩子。
42．A.everything B．something
C．nothing D．anything
答案 B
解析 句意为：那真是一种美妙的感觉——我从来没有忘记过。这里是说父母给他买鞋的回忆是他从来没有忘记过的。所以选项B切题。everything每件事；something重要的事；nothing无关紧要的事；anything任何事。
43．A.to B．over
C．across D．on
答案 A
解析 句意为：年轻人把靴子放在鼻子前，闭上双眼，吸了一大口气。所以选项A切题。to到，向；over超过，在……之上；across穿过，横穿；on在……之上。
44．A.sleeves B．hands
C．cheeks D．legs
答案 C
解析 句意为：当眼泪滑落年轻人的脸颊，我不知道该说点什么。所以选项C切题。sleeve袖子；hand手；cheek脸颊；leg腿。
45．A.in horror B．in sorrow
C．in relief D．in rags
答案 D
解析 句意为：突然，我们听到售货员向一位衣着破旧并不时往窗户里看的老人大喊。由常理可知，如果是一般顾客或行人，售货员不会如此无礼地对待对方。只有乞丐在附近逗留时，售货员才会这样。所以选项D切题。in horror惊恐地；in sorrow悲伤地；in relief如释重负地；in rags衣衫褴褛。
46．A.color B．size
C．price D．material
答案 B
解析 由后文可知，作者出门问老人穿多大号码的鞋子，所以这里年轻人是拜托作者帮忙询问老人鞋的尺寸。所以选项B切题。color颜色；size尺寸；price价格；material材料。
47．A.requested B．ordered
C．required D．begged
答案 A
解析 联系上一小题，年轻人拜托作者帮忙询问老人的鞋子尺寸，二者素不相识，所以年轻人应该是请求作者帮忙。所以选项A切题。request请求；order命令；require要求；beg乞求。
48．A.suddenly B．unwillingly
C．slowly D．steadily
答案 C
解析 句意为：带着疑问，我慢慢地走到门前，打开门让老人进来。所以选项C切题。suddenly突然地；unwillingly不情愿地；slowly慢慢地；steadily稳定地。
49．A.leave B．enter
C．visit D．meet
答案 B
解析 联系上一题可知，作者开门让老人进入店里。所以选项B切题。leave离开；enter进入；visit拜访；meet遇见。
50．A.turned around B．showed up
C．turned away D．looked down at
答案 D
解析 年轻人问老人穿多大号的鞋。老人应该是低头看了看自己的旧鞋，然后回答不知道。所以选项D切题。turn around转过身；show up出现；turn away避开；look down at低头看着。
51．A.best B．dearest
C．heaviest D．quickest
答案 A
解析 句意为：年轻人问售货员店里最好的九分半尺码的鞋是哪种。所以选项A切题。best最好的；dearest最贵的；heaviest最重的；quickest最快的。
52．A.burst B．looked
C．reached D．broke
答案 C
解析 根据后面“...took the boot，placed it to his nose...”可知，年轻人伸手拿起了鞋子，又放在了鼻子前面。所以选项C切题。burst out突然说出，爆发；look out注意；reach out伸手拿；break out爆发。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2018·河南漯河四模)
Papercutting or paper cutting is the art of paper designs.The art has evolved all over the world in different cultural ways.One traditional quality most 53. (style) share in common is that the designs are cut from a single sheet of paper，not multiple sheets as in collage(拼贴)．
The art appeared during the Han Dynasty after the Chinese official Cai Lun invented paper.The oldest 54. (survive) paper cutout is a symmetrical(对称的) circle from the 6th century found in Xinjiang，China.Papercutting continued to develop 55. (steady) during the Song and Tang Dynasties as 56. unique form of decorative art.
Papercutting appeared in West Asia in the 16th century.The knowledge of paper making did not reach Europe until the 13th century.In Switzerland and Germany，for example，it was not until the 16th century 57. papercut art was established.
Although it is popular around the globe，only the Chinese papercut 58. (list) in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in 2009.Modern paper cutting has developed 59.
a commercial industry.Papercutting 60. (remain) popular in modern China，especially during the Chinese New Year or weddings.
Jianzhi(剪纸) is a traditional style of papercutting in China.Jianzhi 61. (practice) in China since at least the 6th Century AD has different uses in Chinese culture，all of which have different meanings or intentions.62. people generally want to achieve is to wish for a better future.And red is the most commonly used color.
53．答案 styles
解析 考查名词。此处由most修饰，可数名词用复数，指大多数风格，故填styles。
54．答案 surviving
解析 考查形容词。此处修饰名词paper用形容词，指最古老的幸存的剪纸，故填surviving。
55．答案 steadily
解析 考查副词。此处修饰动词develop用副词，指稳定发展，故填副词steadily。
56．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。句中form是可数名词单数，此处指一种独特的装饰艺术形式，表示一种，故填冠词a。
57．答案 that
解析 考查强调句。此处是强调句，结构为：It is/ was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。此处指直到16世纪剪纸才在瑞士和德国确立。故填that。
58．答案 was listed
解析 考查被动语态。主语the Chinese papercut和动词list是被动关系，此处作谓语用被动语态。中国剪纸在2009年被列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，故填was listed。
59．答案 into
解析 考查介词。此处指现代剪纸已经发展成为了商业产业。develop into发展成为，是固定搭配，故填into。
60．答案 remains
解析 考查主谓一致。根据in modern China可知用一般现在时，主语Papercutting是单数，谓语动词与之一致也用单数，故填remains。
61．答案 practiced
解析 考查过去分词。此处指从6世纪就在中国被实践的剪纸，主语Jianzhi和动词practice是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填practiced。
62．答案 What
解析 考查连接代词。此处引导主语从句且作want的宾语，指人们想要的就是希望有一个更好的未来。故填What。
Ⅶ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，寒假期间要到伦敦旅游。请你给你伦敦的朋友Tom写一封信，询问他是否能到机场接你并请他推荐酒店。要点包括：
1．航班和到达时间；
2．请求推荐酒店。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Dear Tom，
I’ll fly to London for a visit during the winter holiday.And I wonder if you could do me a favor.
I’ll take Flight BA038 and the plane lands at 3∶30 pm on January 30 at the Heathrow Airport.The flight will last 3 hours.Will you be free to meet me at the airport when I arrive？Besides，could you recommend some suitable hotels there to me so that I can book one ahead of time?
Best wishes and I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
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