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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book6Module1
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基础知识默写
1.serious adj.严肃的；严重的；认真的→seriously adv.严肃地；严重地；认真地
2.tidy v.使……整洁，整理 adj.整齐的，整洁的→tidiness n.整齐→tidily adv.整齐地，整洁地
3.favour n.恩惠，照顾 v.支持，赞成→favorable adj.赞许的；有利的→favorite adj.最喜爱的
4.outspoken adj.直言不讳的，坦率的，不客气的
5.cautious adj.谨慎的，慎重的，小心的→caution n.谨慎；小心
6.confidently adv.自信地→confident adj.自信的→confidence n.信心
7.application n.申请；应用→apply v.申请；应用；敷(药)→applicant n.申请人
8.advance adj.预先的，在前的 v.前进→advanced adj.先进的；高级的→advancement n.进步；进展；预先
9.impolite adj.不礼貌的→polite adj.礼貌的→politeness n.礼貌→politely adv.礼貌地
10.lack v.缺乏，缺少
11.opportunity n.机遇，机会
12.absence n.缺乏，不存在→absent adj.缺席的
13.apology n.道歉，致歉→apologise v.道歉
14.anyhow adv.不管怎么说，无论如何
15.modest adj.谦虚的，谦逊的→modesty n.谦虚
16.interrupt v.打断→interruption n.打断
17.function n.功能 v.起作用→functional adj.功能的；起作用的
18.typist n.打字员→typer n.打字机→type v.打字 n.类型→typical adj.典型的→typically adv.通常；一般；典型地
19.imagine v.想象→imagination n.想象，设想→imaginary adj.虚构的→imaginative adj.有想象力的
20.certain pron.某些 adj.确定的→certainly adv.确定地→certainty n.确定的事
21.successful adj.成功的→success n.成功→succeed v.成功；继任；随后出现
22.circumstance n.情形，情况
23.reception n.欢迎会；招待会→receive v.收到；接待
24.awkward adj.尴尬的→awkwardness n.尴尬
25.motto n.座右铭，格言
26.coincidence n.巧合
27.mature adj.成熟的
28.tease v.戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄
29.acquaintance n.熟人
30.divorce n.& v.离婚，离异
31.anniversary n.周年纪念日
32.genuine adj.纯粹的，真正的，真实的
33.violate v.违反，妨碍，侵犯→violation n.违反，妨碍，侵犯
34.define v.解释，给……下定义→definition n.定义
35.(be) nervous about对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安
36.think of想起，回忆起
37.look away from把目光从……移开
38.in addition除此之外，另外
39.find out了解(到)；找出(信息)
40.put one’s foot in one’s mouth犯使人难堪的错误，说错话
41.as a consequence因此，结果
42.cheer sb. up使某人高兴/振作起来
43.leave out省去，删去；遗漏，忽略
44.be aware of知道/意识到……
45.take the lead带头，领先
46.show off炫耀
47.Every time I open my mouth，I put my foot in it.
每当我一开口，就会说错话。
48.If you’re not sure what to talk about，you can ask what people do.如果你不确定该谈论什么内容，你可以问人们从事的职业。
49.It is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
据估计，英国人80%的谈话是闲聊。
50.Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room，or the café or party，etc.
设想这样一种情形，在咖啡馆或聚会等场合，在这两个陌生人都认识的人离开了房间之后，他们开始互相交谈。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.In today’s information age，the loss of data can cause serious(严重的) problems for a company.
(2018·北京)
2.Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity(机遇) where others saw only disaster.(2017·江苏)
3.Researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function(功能).(2018·全国Ⅰ)
4.The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary(周年纪念日) with a great show of the very best of gardening，making it one of the most popular events in gardening.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
5.Despite the fact that they lacked(缺乏) food，the explorers continued towards the goal.
6.Despite recent advancements(advance) in 3D food printing，the industry has many challenges to overcome.(2018·天津)
7.They come to camp，wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot，and they leave with realworld applications(apply) for what they’re studying in the classroom.(2018·北京)
8.In the absence(absent) of any evidence，the police had to let Myers go.
9.The key to successful(success) small talk is learning how to connect with others，not just communicate with them.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
10.Typically(typical)，he would come late and then say that he had to go early.
11.He merely stood and watched his father while clapping politely(polite).
12.On the Internet，people can seek information about their favorite(favor) stars and buy tickets at a discount as well，which is both timesaving and economical.(2017·江苏)
13.The best solution is to send a quick，lighthearted apology(apologize) to explain your awkwardness.(2017·天津)
14.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly(certain) be fielded by ridehailing services.(2018·北京)
15.Interruptions(interrupt) are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
Ⅱ.选词成篇
find out，in addition to，put one’s foot in one’s mouth，as a consequence，cheer...up，take the lead
Small talk is a popular way of getting to know someone,1.in addition to just passing the time.The art of small talk is the art of talking about unimportant things like the weather.2.As a consequence，people may wonder why we should find it important.
There are many reasons.Basically，small talk works as an effective way to 3.cheer people up.In the course of small talk，the person who 4.takes the lead can gain a great deal—from a pleasant exchange to the signing of a milliondollar business.Besides，it is a good approach to 5.finding out more about the person you are interested in.Therefore，you can avoid silly moment when you are actually 6.putting your feet into your mouth.
With all these benefits，some may still 7.be nervous about small talk when 8.thinking of it.Some are so bad at small talk that they even constantly 9.look away from others’ eyes while communicating.
But don’t worry，you can learn to develop your conversational intelligence about small talk.You should 10.be aware of the fact that small talk is not about communicating，but about connecting.Focus on the other person instead of making him or her feel 11.left out.Always bear in mind that never spend too much time 12.showing off or on your favorite topic.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Every time I turn to her for advice，she is always ready to help，and explains to my full satisfaction.(every time引导的时间状语从句)
每当我向她请教，她总是有求必应，而且解释得令我十分满意。
2.The absolute most important skill that you learn when you play chess is about how to make good decisions.(“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语)(2018·全国Ⅰ)
在下棋时你学到的最重要的技能是如何做出正确的决定。
3.It is estimated that the Internet provides access to more data than that stored in the academic research libraries in the United States.(It is estimated that...)
据估计，互联网提供的数据比美国学术研究图书馆中所存储的数据还要多。
4.This was one of several recent incidents across the country where unleashed dogs have attacked people.(where引导的定语从句)
这是最近全国发生的几起未拴绳的狗袭击人的事件之一。
1.“后缀ence”高频名词集锦
(1)coincidence n.巧合
(2)conference n.会议
(3)consequence n.结果
(4)difference n.差异；不同
(5)existence n.存在；生存
(6)preference n.偏爱；偏好
2.“肯定的”汇聚
(1)certain adj.肯定的；无疑的
(2)sure adj.确定的；肯定的
(3)positive adj.积极的；肯定的
(4)definite adj.肯定的
(5)guaranteed adj.有保证的
3.“原因/结果”家族
(1)as a consequence/result 因此，结果
(2)as a consequence/result of 作为……的结果，由于
(3)result in/from 导致/起因于
(4)on account of 由于
(5)because of 因为
(6)lead to导致
4.lead短语聚会
(1)take the lead带头；领先
(2)in the lead处于领先地位
(3)lead to通向；导致
(4)lead the way带路；领路
(5)lead sb. by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走
lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有
n.缺乏；短缺的东西
(1)lack (for) sth. 缺少某物
(2)(a) lack of缺少……
no lack of不缺乏
for/through lack of因缺少……
(3)lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的
be lacking in在……方面缺乏
(1)He lacks/is lacking in/is short of confidence.
他缺乏自信。
(2)Despite his lack of experience，he got the job.
尽管他缺乏经验，但还是得到了那份工作。
(3)More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for/through lack of space.
由于缺乏空间，大城市建起了越来越多的高楼。
易错点拨 lack可用作及物动词，后直接跟宾语，但通常不用被动语态。名词lack常与of连用。
advance v.促进；前进；预支；提前；提出(想法、理论、计划)
n.前进；进步
(1)advance on/towards sb. /sth. 向某人/某物前进
(2)in advance预先；事先；提前
in advance of (时间上)提前于……
make an advance/advances in在……方面取得进步
(3)advanced adj.先进的；高级的；深奥的
(1)The troops advanced towards/on the enemy.
(2)Learning is very important for each individual because we have to acquire new and advanced(advance)knowledge every day.(2018·山东德州二模)
(3)He would call in advance(提前) to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.(2017·天津)
[熟词生义] 选择句子中advance的汉语意思
(4)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.(2016·浙江) B
A.前进 B.提出 C.增加
易错点拨
(1)advance本身已有“向前”的意思，因此不必再用forward。与之类似的用法：repeat(重复)不与again连用；return(回来)不与back连用；enter(进入)不与into连用。
(2)表示“在……方面有进步”后接介词in。
(1)be successful in (doing) sth. 在(做)……方面成功
(2)succeed vi.成功；继承；vt.继任；接替；随后出现
succeed in doing...成功地做成……
succeed sb. as...接替/继任某人当……
(3)success n.[U]成功；成就；[C]成功的人或事情
(1)We hope it will be a commercial success.
我们希望它将取得商业上的成功。
(2)He succeeded Tom as monitor of our class.
他接替汤姆担任我们班班长。
(3)We succeeded/were successful/had a success in passing the midterm examination.
我们成功地通过了期中考试。
(4)Human beings，I believe，must try to succeed.Success，then，means never feeling tired.
(2016·天津)
我相信人类必须努力取得成功。成功意味着永不疲倦。
易错点拨
(1)success可作“成功的人或事”讲，此时是可数名词。
(2)succeed sb. 继承某人；succeed to sth. 继承某物。
(1)imagine (sb. /sb. ’s) doing sth. 想象(某人)做某事
imagine sb. /sth. as/to be...把某人/某物想象成……
imagine＋that/what/how...想象……
(2)imagination n.想象力；想象
beyond imagination超乎想象
(3)imaginative adj.富于想象力的，创新的
imaginary adj.虚构的；幻想的
(1)As a busy and active teacher，I couldn’t imagine becoming(become) a disabled person.
(2)That is the only way we can imagine to reduce(reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
(3)He is an imaginative(imagine) writer.
(4)[同义句改写] He often imagines himself as/to be a singer.
→He often imagines that he is a singer.
易错点拨 imagine的宾语可以是名词、代词、从句、动名词以及动名词的复合结构，但不能为动词不定式。
on purpose故意地
with/for the purpose of目的是……
for...purposes为了……目的(purpose用复数形式)
(1)I’m sorry，but I didn’t break the plate on purpose(故意地).
(2)She came here with/for the purpose of(目的是) seeing her husband./Her purpose in coming here(来这的目的) was to see her husband.
(3)[同义句改写] In order to make our school life colourful，our school organized a lot of activities.(用with the purpose of改写)
→With the purpose of making our school life colourful，our school organized a lot of activities.
易错点拨 purpose后接动词时，该动词不用不定式，其通常的结构是the purpose of doing sth. 和one’s purpose in doing sth. 。
in/under no circumstances绝不(置于句首，句子要用部分倒装语序)
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样
if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许的话
(1)I don’t like any humour in this serious speech because I can’t think of any circumstance where this would be beneficial or useful.
(2)Under no circumstances must you leave(你绝不能离开) the house.
(3)Iran and Iraq also have the potential to export more，if circumstances allow/permit(如果情况允许的话).
易错点拨
(1)抽象地点名词，如：point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，activity，scene，environment，circumstance等作先行词，并在从句中作状语时，用where或“介词＋which”引导定语从句。
(2)在短语in/under the/no circumstances中circumstance总是用复数。
(1)apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而向某人道歉
(2)apology n.[C] & [U]道歉；歉意
accept/refuse sb. ’s apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb. an apology/owe an apology to sb. 应该向某人道歉
make an apology to sb. (for doing sth. )(因做某事)向某人道歉
(1)As a daughter，and a mother，the more I go through parenting，the more I owe an apology to my parents because of their selfless love.(2018·山东聊城二模)
(2)He apologised/made an apology to her for(为……向她道歉) his rude behavior.
(3)我真诚地希望你能接受我的道歉，理解我的处境。(2016·全国Ⅲ)
I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
leave...alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起
leave...behind遗留；把……丢在后面
leave for动身去(某地)
[根据语境用leave短语的正确形式填空]
(1)We will leave for London next week.
(2)This is the third time that you have left your umbrella behind on a bus.
(3)The man is busy at his desk；you’d better leave him alone.
(4)She outlined the case to him，being careful not to leave anything out.
[句式升级]
(5)They had been left alone for days with no food in the house and they felt hopeless.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
Having been left alone for days with no food in the house，they felt hopeless.
(1)be aware that...意识到……；明白……
as far as I’m aware据我所知
(2)raise/strengthen one’s awareness of提高/增强某人的……意识
(1)In my opinion，it’s very important to develop an awareness of health now.
(2)If your awareness(aware) is as sharp as it could be，you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.(2018·天津)
(3)[同义句改写] We are aware of his innocence.
→We are aware that he is innocent.
易错点拨 aware表示“意识到(觉察到)某情况”时，其后总是接介词of，不要想当然地用about或to。而且aware是表语形容词，故不要将其用于名词前作定语；加强语气时可用well，fully，very much，much等修饰，但不能用very。
(1)show...out领……出去
show...in领……进来
show sb. around/round领某人参观
show up出席；到场；使显现出
(2)(be) on show在展出
[根据语境用show短语的正确形式填空]
(1)Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils.
(2)She showed me around/round her factory and introduced me to everybody.
(3)All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym.
(4)A few hundred people showed up，as well as some television cameramen and reporters.
(5)Our guests said goodbye to us and we showed them out.
Her motto was “Every time I open my mouth，I put my foot in it”.,她的座右铭是“每当我一开口，就会说错话”。
every time相当于each time，是名词短语用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每当……的时候”。
常见的可用作从属连词的名词短语或副词还有：
(1)the first time第一次……时
(the) next time下次……时
any time任何时候
the last time上次……时
(2)the minute/moment/instant一……就……
(3)immediately/instantly/directly一……就……
(1)“Every/Each time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me.妈妈过去常常告诉我，“每次吃甜品的时候，喝点绿茶。”
(2)The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip.下次你想传播最新消息时，想想你传播流言的原因。
(3)On/Upon hearing what he said，I couldn’t hold back my tears.
一听到他说的话，我热泪盈眶。
(4)[一句多译] 众所周知，开卷有益。
①As is known，something is learned every/each time a book is opened.(every/each time)
②As is known，something is learned the moment/minute/instant a book is opened.(the＋瞬间名词)
(5)Every time light moves into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters(散射).
(2015·北京)
每次光以一种新的速度穿过一种物质时，它就会发生折射和散射。
易错点拨 for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent(absence)．(2017·全国Ⅰ)
2．Inform me whether you can come or not so that I can make arrangements in advance.
3．Charles Darwin，over 150 years ago，imagined(imagine) a world far busier，noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
4．This will give you the confidence(confident) you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
5．I will have another opportunity to visit(visit) the exhibition next year.
6．If we take the lead in protecting the endangered animals，others may follow.
7．I do hope you can accept my application(apply) and I promise to do all I can to help them.
(2018·河南洛阳三模)
8．Moreover，the USA has a track record of successfully(success) accepting immigrants.
(2017·江苏)
9．With his talents shown(show) off at the party，Tom finally made himself noticed.
10．He was so absorbed in the imaginary story that he left out the details，which made his teacher disappointed.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于闲聊)
1．得知你交友有困难我非常遗憾。(have difficulty doing sth.)
2．每个人都渴望友谊， 因此懂得如何交友很重要。(be＋of＋抽象名词，疑问词＋to do宾语从句)
3．首先，闲聊是一种很好的办法，但是当和不同文化背景的人交流时，词汇的不足可能会导致人们缺乏信心。(while＋v.ing作状语)
4．另外，为了交朋友，你可以加入俱乐部，在那里你可以遇到有共同兴趣的人。(where引导的定语从句)
5．为了给人留下良好的印象，衣着整洁，谈吐礼貌又自信是个好办法。
6．记住：通过与他人交流， 你在创造机会建立一份永恒的友谊。(v.ing 作状语)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
It’s a pity to hear that 11.you are having difficulty making friends.Everyone is eager for friendship and 12.as a consequence，it is of great significance to know how to make friends.First of all, small talk is a great approach but 13.while communicating with people from different cultural backgrounds,14.a lack of vocabulary may lead to people lacking confidence.15.In addition，in order to make friends，you can join a club,16.where you can meet people with common interests.It would be a great idea to 17.dress tidily and talk politely and confidently to make a favorable impression.Most importantly，bear in mind that 18.you are creating an opportunity to build up on everlasting friendship by communicating with others.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：个人情况 难度星级：☆☆
(2018·吉林长春四模)
FeiFei Li arrived in the U．S.from China at age 16 with many big dreams.And it took many unusual jobs to help her achieve them.Luckily，she was smart and extremely driven.And today，she’s the director of Stanford University’s artificial intelligence lab.
“As one of the leaders in the world for A．L.，I feel much excitement and responsibility to create the most awesome and excellent technology for society and to educate the most awesome and excellent technologists—that’s my calling，” Li said.
She is also a loyal advocate for diversity in the tech industry.
“I see extremely talented Stanford PhD students struggling with their visas and I find it unthinkable that we create so many barriers for the talents of the world，”Li said.While Li was in college at Princeton，she borrowed money from friends and even her high school math teacher to run a drycleaning business for her parents in order to help them get by.Li attended classes during the week and worked at the business on the weekends.Then，when Li was in graduate school，her mom developed cancer and had a stroke(中风)．“It was difficult to keep moving ahead while all of this was happening.The real existential challenge is to live up to your fullest potential，live up to your sense of responsibility and to be honest to yourself about your dreams while doing it，” she said.
Li was named a Great Immigrant of 2016 by the Carnegie Corporation，the nation’s oldest grantmaking foundation which honors roughly 40 naturalized U．S.citizens each year.Her graduate studies were supported by the Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans.
语篇解读 这是一篇人物传记类文章。文章介绍了李菲菲来到美国后通过自己的努力克服困难最终取得成功的故事。
19．What do we know about FeiFei Li according to Paragraph 1?
A．She was born in the United States of America.
B．She has made many of her dreams come true.
C．She worked very hard because she’s not gifted.
D．She’s now doing researches on AI in China.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，16岁时，李菲菲带着许多远大的梦想从中国到了美国。她做了许多不同寻常的工作来实现这些梦想。幸运的是，她聪明并且有极强的自我鞭策力。现在她是斯坦福大学人工智能实验室的主任。所以只有选项B正确。
20．What does the underlined word “calling” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Interest in technology.
B．Desire to help.
C．Creativity in science.
D．Sense of duty.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“I feel much excitement and responsibility to...”可知，李菲菲觉得她有责任为社会创造出最卓越的技术，并培养出最优秀的技术人才。故答案选D。
21．What was FeiFei Li’s life like before she graduated from university?
A．She had been struggling with her visa.
B．Both her parents suffered from illness.
C．Her family was faced with a tight budget.
D．It was difficult for her to attend classes.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，李菲菲读书时，曾经借钱帮父母经营干洗店，所以家庭经济困难。故选C。
话题：健康 难度星级：☆☆☆
Maybe the Man of Steel has such a great body because of all that flying and leaping onto tall buildings with a single bound(跳跃)．
At least that’s the promise of a new piece of exercise equipment that combines physical exercise with the virtual reality(虚拟现实) experience of flying through the air like Superman.It will be offered by the Young Men’s Christian Association(YMCA)，a nonprofit organization devoted to youth development and healthy living.
The $9,000 machine，a German invention called Icaros，will be the first of its kind available for public use in the country when the new YMCA site in Minneapolis opens in early 2018.
How does it work？Users put on virtual reality goggles(护目镜) and then lie down on a metal frame that moves forward and back and rolls from side to side depending on how you shift your weight.
In “Flight” mode，you’re traveling over a landscape of mountains，glaciers and narrow valleys.Tilt(倾斜) down on the platform，and you virtually dive nose first toward the ground.Roll to the right，and you’re flying over a bend in a valley.Many other experience modes are available too.
What’s it like？Nathan Maehren，senior vice president of digital for YMCA，has used the machine about 100 times.When he’s going fast on the machine，he makes sounds like a weightlifter as he quickly shifts his body，finding his way around virtual objects without crashing.“I almost don’t realize I’m working out，” he said，“You’re having fun.”
He said it was more of a training for his arms and shoulders than he expected.It may seem like a lot of hard work just to get good exercise，but everyone knows how boring gyms can be.
Surprisingly，he didn’t feel sick.That may be because what you see in the goggles reflects what your body is doing on the platform.
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了由一家非营利性组织发明的一种新型健身机器，致力于青年发展和健康生活，并介绍了其用法、使用时的感受等。
22．What is the machine Icaros probably for?
A．The young to build up.
B．The disabled to travel in virtual reality.
C．The old to keep healthy.
D．Children to experience new technology.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“a new piece of exercise equipment that combines physical exercise”及“It will be offered by the Young Men’s Christian Association(YMCA)，a nonprofit organization devoted to youth development and healthy living.”可知，这是一款健身设备，而其提供者主要致力于年轻人的发展和健康生活。由此推知，该设备是给年轻人健身用的。
23．What should the users do when using the machine?
A．To pass a body test.
B．To stand on the platform.
C．To wear special glasses.
D．To know how to fly over mountains.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Users put on virtual reality goggles...”可知，在使用设备时，使用者需要戴上特殊的眼镜。
24．How did Nathan Maehren feel after using the machine?
A．Extremely tired.
B．A little bit dizzy.
C．More amused than in gyms.
D．Not excited as he expected.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句中的“‘I almost don’t realize I’m working out，’he said，‘You’re having fun.’”可知，南森·梅尔在使用器材之后的感受是自己不是在健身，而是在快乐地玩耍。
25．What is the text mainly about?
A．The introduction of YMCA.
B．A new machine for exercise.
C．The future of virtual reality.
D．The technology used in films.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文主要介绍了为促进年轻人健康地生活，一个非营利性组织提供了一种新型健身器材。
Ⅳ.七选五
Food is very important and necessary for our lives.
We eat food because we need it to live.It gives us the nutrients that we need for our bodies to grow. 26 If we are happy，we eat；if we are sad，we eat；boredom，depression，and loneliness are other reasons why we eat. 27 When we have friends or family over，we usually have some forms of food to offer them，whether it is a light snack or a full meal.
28 Many of us like certain foods because we have been raised eating those foods.In many cases，whatever our parents eat or like to eat is what we eventually enjoy eating.The region where we live as well as economics determines much of our food selection.If we lived in China，we would eat a lot of rice because it is what is grown there. 29
Food is also a part of our many celebrations.However，the way that food is used in celebrations varies from home to home，and country to country. 30 To understand why different foods are used in different celebrations，we need to understand a little about culture and how it could affect foods we use.
A．Also，we use food for our social needs.
B．Very often，we eat food for psychological reasons.
C．Nowadays many people choose to eat healthy food.
D．It is affected by different cultures around the world.
E．So our background and environment play a great role in what we eat.
F．Cheap food in one country may be quite expensive in another country.
G．The food that we choose to eat is selected for a number of different reasons.
语篇解读 众所周知，食物是我们身体的必需品。本文介绍了食物在心理、社交等方面也扮演着重要的角色。
26．答案 B
解析 设空前提到食物是我们的身体成长之需，后面提到的happy，sad，boredom，depression和loneliness都是描述心理活动的词汇，所以此处应该是一个过渡句。B项(我们吃食物经常是出于心理原因)符合语境。
27．答案 A
解析 设空处前面提到吃食物能满足身体和心理的需求，设空处后面提到有朋友或家人的时候也需要食物招待他们，所以此处应是吃食物能满足社交需要，这和A项(我们也用食物来满足社交需求)吻合。
28．答案 G
解析 分析文章结构可知，此处应是本段的中心句。下面列举的是选择某种食物的不同原因。G项(我们选择食用不同食物的原因有很多)符合语境。
29．答案 E
解析 上文提到父母喜欢吃的食物最后也会是我们喜欢的食物；我们生活的地区和经济状况决定了我们的食物选择；并举例说明如果是生活在中国我们就会选择吃大米，这是因为大米生长在中国。由此可以推断出我们的生活背景和生活环境对我们选择食物起到了重要作用，这和E项吻合。
30．答案 D
解析 设空处的下一句提到要想了解为什么在不同的庆祝活动中用不同的食物，我们需要了解一点文化，了解一下我们使用的文化是如何影响所使用的食物的，所以此处应是食物和文化的关系。D项(这受到了全世界不同文化的影响)符合语境。
基础知识默写
1.serious adj.严肃的；严重的；认真的→seriously adv.严肃地；严重地；认真地
2.tidy v.使……整洁，整理 adj.整齐的，整洁的→tidiness n.整齐→tidily adv.整齐地，整洁地
3.favour n.恩惠，照顾 v.支持，赞成→favorable adj.赞许的；有利的→favorite adj.最喜爱的
4.outspoken adj.直言不讳的，坦率的，不客气的
5.cautious adj.谨慎的，慎重的，小心的→caution n.谨慎；小心
6.confidently adv.自信地→confident adj.自信的→confidence n.信心
7.application n.申请；应用→apply v.申请；应用；敷(药)→applicant n.申请人
8.advance adj.预先的，在前的 v.前进→advanced adj.先进的；高级的→advancement n.进步；进展；预先
9.impolite adj.不礼貌的→polite adj.礼貌的→politeness n.礼貌→politely adv.礼貌地
10.lack v.缺乏，缺少
11.opportunity n.机遇，机会
12.absence n.缺乏，不存在→absent adj.缺席的
13.apology n.道歉，致歉→apologise v.道歉
14.anyhow adv.不管怎么说，无论如何
15.modest adj.谦虚的，谦逊的→modesty n.谦虚
16.interrupt v.打断→interruption n.打断
17.function n.功能 v.起作用→functional adj.功能的；起作用的
18.typist n.打字员→typer n.打字机→type v.打字 n.类型→typical adj.典型的→typically adv.通常；一般；典型地
19.imagine v.想象→imagination n.想象，设想→imaginary adj.虚构的→imaginative adj.有想象力的
20.certain pron.某些 adj.确定的→certainly adv.确定地→certainty n.确定的事
21.successful adj.成功的→success n.成功→succeed v.成功；继任；随后出现
22.circumstance n.情形，情况
23.reception n.欢迎会；招待会→receive v.收到；接待
24.awkward adj.尴尬的→awkwardness n.尴尬
25.motto n.座右铭，格言
26.coincidence n.巧合
27.mature adj.成熟的
28.tease v.戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄
29.acquaintance n.熟人
30.divorce n.& v.离婚，离异
31.anniversary n.周年纪念日
32.genuine adj.纯粹的，真正的，真实的
33.violate v.违反，妨碍，侵犯→violation n.违反，妨碍，侵犯
34.define v.解释，给……下定义→definition n.定义
35.(be) nervous about对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安
36.think of想起，回忆起
37.look away from把目光从……移开
38.in addition除此之外，另外
39.find out了解(到)；找出(信息)
40.put one’s foot in one’s mouth犯使人难堪的错误，说错话
41.as a consequence因此，结果
42.cheer sb. up使某人高兴/振作起来
43.leave out省去，删去；遗漏，忽略
44.be aware of知道/意识到……
45.take the lead带头，领先
46.show off炫耀
47.Every time I open my mouth，I put my foot in it.
每当我一开口，就会说错话。
48.If you’re not sure what to talk about，you can ask what people do.如果你不确定该谈论什么内容，你可以问人们从事的职业。
49.It is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
据估计，英国人80%的谈话是闲聊。
50.Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room，or the café or party，etc.
设想这样一种情形，在咖啡馆或聚会等场合，在这两个陌生人都认识的人离开了房间之后，他们开始互相交谈。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.In today’s information age，the loss of data can cause serious(严重的) problems for a company.
(2018·北京)
2.Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity(机遇) where others saw only disaster.(2017·江苏)
3.Researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function(功能).(2018·全国Ⅰ)
4.The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary(周年纪念日) with a great show of the very best of gardening，making it one of the most popular events in gardening.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
5.Despite the fact that they lacked(缺乏) food，the explorers continued towards the goal.
6.Despite recent advancements(advance) in 3D food printing，the industry has many challenges to overcome.(2018·天津)
7.They come to camp，wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot，and they leave with realworld applications(apply) for what they’re studying in the classroom.(2018·北京)
8.In the absence(absent) of any evidence，the police had to let Myers go.
9.The key to successful(success) small talk is learning how to connect with others，not just communicate with them.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
10.Typically(typical)，he would come late and then say that he had to go early.
11.He merely stood and watched his father while clapping politely(polite).
12.On the Internet，people can seek information about their favorite(favor) stars and buy tickets at a discount as well，which is both timesaving and economical.(2017·江苏)
13.The best solution is to send a quick，lighthearted apology(apologize) to explain your awkwardness.(2017·天津)
14.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly(certain) be fielded by ridehailing services.(2018·北京)
15.Interruptions(interrupt) are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
Ⅱ.选词成篇
find out，in addition to，put one’s foot in one’s mouth，as a consequence，cheer...up，take the lead
Small talk is a popular way of getting to know someone,1.in addition to just passing the time.The art of small talk is the art of talking about unimportant things like the weather.2.As a consequence，people may wonder why we should find it important.
There are many reasons.Basically，small talk works as an effective way to 3.cheer people up.In the course of small talk，the person who 4.takes the lead can gain a great deal—from a pleasant exchange to the signing of a milliondollar business.Besides，it is a good approach to 5.finding out more about the person you are interested in.Therefore，you can avoid silly moment when you are actually 6.putting your feet into your mouth.
With all these benefits，some may still 7.be nervous about small talk when 8.thinking of it.Some are so bad at small talk that they even constantly 9.look away from others’ eyes while communicating.
But don’t worry，you can learn to develop your conversational intelligence about small talk.You should 10.be aware of the fact that small talk is not about communicating，but about connecting.Focus on the other person instead of making him or her feel 11.left out.Always bear in mind that never spend too much time 12.showing off or on your favorite topic.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Every time I turn to her for advice，she is always ready to help，and explains to my full satisfaction.(every time引导的时间状语从句)
每当我向她请教，她总是有求必应，而且解释得令我十分满意。
2.The absolute most important skill that you learn when you play chess is about how to make good decisions.(“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语)(2018·全国Ⅰ)
在下棋时你学到的最重要的技能是如何做出正确的决定。
3.It is estimated that the Internet provides access to more data than that stored in the academic research libraries in the United States.(It is estimated that...)
据估计，互联网提供的数据比美国学术研究图书馆中所存储的数据还要多。
4.This was one of several recent incidents across the country where unleashed dogs have attacked people.(where引导的定语从句)
这是最近全国发生的几起未拴绳的狗袭击人的事件之一。
1.“后缀ence”高频名词集锦
(1)coincidence n.巧合
(2)conference n.会议
(3)consequence n.结果
(4)difference n.差异；不同
(5)existence n.存在；生存
(6)preference n.偏爱；偏好
2.“肯定的”汇聚
(1)certain adj.肯定的；无疑的
(2)sure adj.确定的；肯定的
(3)positive adj.积极的；肯定的
(4)definite adj.肯定的
(5)guaranteed adj.有保证的
3.“原因/结果”家族
(1)as a consequence/result 因此，结果
(2)as a consequence/result of 作为……的结果，由于
(3)result in/from 导致/起因于
(4)on account of 由于
(5)because of 因为
(6)lead to导致
4.lead短语聚会
(1)take the lead带头；领先
(2)in the lead处于领先地位
(3)lead to通向；导致
(4)lead the way带路；领路
(5)lead sb. by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走
lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有
n.缺乏；短缺的东西
(1)lack (for) sth. 缺少某物
(2)(a) lack of缺少……
no lack of不缺乏
for/through lack of因缺少……
(3)lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的
be lacking in在……方面缺乏
(1)He lacks/is lacking in/is short of confidence.
他缺乏自信。
(2)Despite his lack of experience，he got the job.
尽管他缺乏经验，但还是得到了那份工作。
(3)More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for/through lack of space.
由于缺乏空间，大城市建起了越来越多的高楼。
易错点拨 lack可用作及物动词，后直接跟宾语，但通常不用被动语态。名词lack常与of连用。
advance v.促进；前进；预支；提前；提出(想法、理论、计划)
n.前进；进步
(1)advance on/towards sb. /sth. 向某人/某物前进
(2)in advance预先；事先；提前
in advance of (时间上)提前于……
make an advance/advances in在……方面取得进步
(3)advanced adj.先进的；高级的；深奥的
(1)The troops advanced towards/on the enemy.
(2)Learning is very important for each individual because we have to acquire new and advanced(advance)knowledge every day.(2018·山东德州二模)
(3)He would call in advance(提前) to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.(2017·天津)
[熟词生义] 选择句子中advance的汉语意思
(4)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.(2016·浙江) B
A.前进 B.提出 C.增加
易错点拨
(1)advance本身已有“向前”的意思，因此不必再用forward。与之类似的用法：repeat(重复)不与again连用；return(回来)不与back连用；enter(进入)不与into连用。
(2)表示“在……方面有进步”后接介词in。
(1)be successful in (doing) sth. 在(做)……方面成功
(2)succeed vi.成功；继承；vt.继任；接替；随后出现
succeed in doing...成功地做成……
succeed sb. as...接替/继任某人当……
(3)success n.[U]成功；成就；[C]成功的人或事情
(1)We hope it will be a commercial success.
我们希望它将取得商业上的成功。
(2)He succeeded Tom as monitor of our class.
他接替汤姆担任我们班班长。
(3)We succeeded/were successful/had a success in passing the midterm examination.
我们成功地通过了期中考试。
(4)Human beings，I believe，must try to succeed.Success，then，means never feeling tired.
(2016·天津)
我相信人类必须努力取得成功。成功意味着永不疲倦。
易错点拨
(1)success可作“成功的人或事”讲，此时是可数名词。
(2)succeed sb. 继承某人；succeed to sth. 继承某物。
(1)imagine (sb. /sb. ’s) doing sth. 想象(某人)做某事
imagine sb. /sth. as/to be...把某人/某物想象成……
imagine＋that/what/how...想象……
(2)imagination n.想象力；想象
beyond imagination超乎想象
(3)imaginative adj.富于想象力的，创新的
imaginary adj.虚构的；幻想的
(1)As a busy and active teacher，I couldn’t imagine becoming(become) a disabled person.
(2)That is the only way we can imagine to reduce(reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
(3)He is an imaginative(imagine) writer.
(4)[同义句改写] He often imagines himself as/to be a singer.
→He often imagines that he is a singer.
易错点拨 imagine的宾语可以是名词、代词、从句、动名词以及动名词的复合结构，但不能为动词不定式。
on purpose故意地
with/for the purpose of目的是……
for...purposes为了……目的(purpose用复数形式)
(1)I’m sorry，but I didn’t break the plate on purpose(故意地).
(2)She came here with/for the purpose of(目的是) seeing her husband./Her purpose in coming here(来这的目的) was to see her husband.
(3)[同义句改写] In order to make our school life colourful，our school organized a lot of activities.(用with the purpose of改写)
→With the purpose of making our school life colourful，our school organized a lot of activities.
易错点拨 purpose后接动词时，该动词不用不定式，其通常的结构是the purpose of doing sth. 和one’s purpose in doing sth. 。
in/under no circumstances绝不(置于句首，句子要用部分倒装语序)
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样
if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许的话
(1)I don’t like any humour in this serious speech because I can’t think of any circumstance where this would be beneficial or useful.
(2)Under no circumstances must you leave(你绝不能离开) the house.
(3)Iran and Iraq also have the potential to export more，if circumstances allow/permit(如果情况允许的话).
易错点拨
(1)抽象地点名词，如：point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，activity，scene，environment，circumstance等作先行词，并在从句中作状语时，用where或“介词＋which”引导定语从句。
(2)在短语in/under the/no circumstances中circumstance总是用复数。
(1)apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而向某人道歉
(2)apology n.[C] & [U]道歉；歉意
accept/refuse sb. ’s apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb. an apology/owe an apology to sb. 应该向某人道歉
make an apology to sb. (for doing sth. )(因做某事)向某人道歉
(1)As a daughter，and a mother，the more I go through parenting，the more I owe an apology to my parents because of their selfless love.(2018·山东聊城二模)
(2)He apologised/made an apology to her for(为……向她道歉) his rude behavior.
(3)我真诚地希望你能接受我的道歉，理解我的处境。(2016·全国Ⅲ)
I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
leave...alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起
leave...behind遗留；把……丢在后面
leave for动身去(某地)
[根据语境用leave短语的正确形式填空]
(1)We will leave for London next week.
(2)This is the third time that you have left your umbrella behind on a bus.
(3)The man is busy at his desk；you’d better leave him alone.
(4)She outlined the case to him，being careful not to leave anything out.
[句式升级]
(5)They had been left alone for days with no food in the house and they felt hopeless.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
Having been left alone for days with no food in the house，they felt hopeless.
(1)be aware that...意识到……；明白……
as far as I’m aware据我所知
(2)raise/strengthen one’s awareness of提高/增强某人的……意识
(1)In my opinion，it’s very important to develop an awareness of health now.
(2)If your awareness(aware) is as sharp as it could be，you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.(2018·天津)
(3)[同义句改写] We are aware of his innocence.
→We are aware that he is innocent.
易错点拨 aware表示“意识到(觉察到)某情况”时，其后总是接介词of，不要想当然地用about或to。而且aware是表语形容词，故不要将其用于名词前作定语；加强语气时可用well，fully，very much，much等修饰，但不能用very。
(1)show...out领……出去
show...in领……进来
show sb. around/round领某人参观
show up出席；到场；使显现出
(2)(be) on show在展出
[根据语境用show短语的正确形式填空]
(1)Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils.
(2)She showed me around/round her factory and introduced me to everybody.
(3)All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym.
(4)A few hundred people showed up，as well as some television cameramen and reporters.
(5)Our guests said goodbye to us and we showed them out.
Her motto was “Every time I open my mouth，I put my foot in it”.,她的座右铭是“每当我一开口，就会说错话”。
every time相当于each time，是名词短语用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每当……的时候”。
常见的可用作从属连词的名词短语或副词还有：
(1)the first time第一次……时
(the) next time下次……时
any time任何时候
the last time上次……时
(2)the minute/moment/instant一……就……
(3)immediately/instantly/directly一……就……
(1)“Every/Each time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me.妈妈过去常常告诉我，“每次吃甜品的时候，喝点绿茶。”
(2)The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip.下次你想传播最新消息时，想想你传播流言的原因。
(3)On/Upon hearing what he said，I couldn’t hold back my tears.
一听到他说的话，我热泪盈眶。
(4)[一句多译] 众所周知，开卷有益。
①As is known，something is learned every/each time a book is opened.(every/each time)
②As is known，something is learned the moment/minute/instant a book is opened.(the＋瞬间名词)
(5)Every time light moves into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters(散射).
(2015·北京)
每次光以一种新的速度穿过一种物质时，它就会发生折射和散射。
易错点拨 for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent(absence)．(2017·全国Ⅰ)
2．Inform me whether you can come or not so that I can make arrangements in advance.
3．Charles Darwin，over 150 years ago，imagined(imagine) a world far busier，noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
4．This will give you the confidence(confident) you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
5．I will have another opportunity to visit(visit) the exhibition next year.
6．If we take the lead in protecting the endangered animals，others may follow.
7．I do hope you can accept my application(apply) and I promise to do all I can to help them.
(2018·河南洛阳三模)
8．Moreover，the USA has a track record of successfully(success) accepting immigrants.
(2017·江苏)
9．With his talents shown(show) off at the party，Tom finally made himself noticed.
10．He was so absorbed in the imaginary story that he left out the details，which made his teacher disappointed.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于闲聊)
1．得知你交友有困难我非常遗憾。(have difficulty doing sth.)
2．每个人都渴望友谊， 因此懂得如何交友很重要。(be＋of＋抽象名词，疑问词＋to do宾语从句)
3．首先，闲聊是一种很好的办法，但是当和不同文化背景的人交流时，词汇的不足可能会导致人们缺乏信心。(while＋v.ing作状语)
4．另外，为了交朋友，你可以加入俱乐部，在那里你可以遇到有共同兴趣的人。(where引导的定语从句)
5．为了给人留下良好的印象，衣着整洁，谈吐礼貌又自信是个好办法。
6．记住：通过与他人交流， 你在创造机会建立一份永恒的友谊。(v.ing 作状语)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
It’s a pity to hear that 11.you are having difficulty making friends.Everyone is eager for friendship and 12.as a consequence，it is of great significance to know how to make friends.First of all, small talk is a great approach but 13.while communicating with people from different cultural backgrounds,14.a lack of vocabulary may lead to people lacking confidence.15.In addition，in order to make friends，you can join a club,16.where you can meet people with common interests.It would be a great idea to 17.dress tidily and talk politely and confidently to make a favorable impression.Most importantly，bear in mind that 18.you are creating an opportunity to build up on everlasting friendship by communicating with others.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：个人情况 难度星级：☆☆
(2018·吉林长春四模)
FeiFei Li arrived in the U．S.from China at age 16 with many big dreams.And it took many unusual jobs to help her achieve them.Luckily，she was smart and extremely driven.And today，she’s the director of Stanford University’s artificial intelligence lab.
“As one of the leaders in the world for A．L.，I feel much excitement and responsibility to create the most awesome and excellent technology for society and to educate the most awesome and excellent technologists—that’s my calling，” Li said.
She is also a loyal advocate for diversity in the tech industry.
“I see extremely talented Stanford PhD students struggling with their visas and I find it unthinkable that we create so many barriers for the talents of the world，”Li said.While Li was in college at Princeton，she borrowed money from friends and even her high school math teacher to run a drycleaning business for her parents in order to help them get by.Li attended classes during the week and worked at the business on the weekends.Then，when Li was in graduate school，her mom developed cancer and had a stroke(中风)．“It was difficult to keep moving ahead while all of this was happening.The real existential challenge is to live up to your fullest potential，live up to your sense of responsibility and to be honest to yourself about your dreams while doing it，” she said.
Li was named a Great Immigrant of 2016 by the Carnegie Corporation，the nation’s oldest grantmaking foundation which honors roughly 40 naturalized U．S.citizens each year.Her graduate studies were supported by the Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans.
语篇解读 这是一篇人物传记类文章。文章介绍了李菲菲来到美国后通过自己的努力克服困难最终取得成功的故事。
19．What do we know about FeiFei Li according to Paragraph 1?
A．She was born in the United States of America.
B．She has made many of her dreams come true.
C．She worked very hard because she’s not gifted.
D．She’s now doing researches on AI in China.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，16岁时，李菲菲带着许多远大的梦想从中国到了美国。她做了许多不同寻常的工作来实现这些梦想。幸运的是，她聪明并且有极强的自我鞭策力。现在她是斯坦福大学人工智能实验室的主任。所以只有选项B正确。
20．What does the underlined word “calling” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Interest in technology.
B．Desire to help.
C．Creativity in science.
D．Sense of duty.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“I feel much excitement and responsibility to...”可知，李菲菲觉得她有责任为社会创造出最卓越的技术，并培养出最优秀的技术人才。故答案选D。
21．What was FeiFei Li’s life like before she graduated from university?
A．She had been struggling with her visa.
B．Both her parents suffered from illness.
C．Her family was faced with a tight budget.
D．It was difficult for her to attend classes.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，李菲菲读书时，曾经借钱帮父母经营干洗店，所以家庭经济困难。故选C。
话题：健康 难度星级：☆☆☆
Maybe the Man of Steel has such a great body because of all that flying and leaping onto tall buildings with a single bound(跳跃)．
At least that’s the promise of a new piece of exercise equipment that combines physical exercise with the virtual reality(虚拟现实) experience of flying through the air like Superman.It will be offered by the Young Men’s Christian Association(YMCA)，a nonprofit organization devoted to youth development and healthy living.
The $9,000 machine，a German invention called Icaros，will be the first of its kind available for public use in the country when the new YMCA site in Minneapolis opens in early 2018.
How does it work？Users put on virtual reality goggles(护目镜) and then lie down on a metal frame that moves forward and back and rolls from side to side depending on how you shift your weight.
In “Flight” mode，you’re traveling over a landscape of mountains，glaciers and narrow valleys.Tilt(倾斜) down on the platform，and you virtually dive nose first toward the ground.Roll to the right，and you’re flying over a bend in a valley.Many other experience modes are available too.
What’s it like？Nathan Maehren，senior vice president of digital for YMCA，has used the machine about 100 times.When he’s going fast on the machine，he makes sounds like a weightlifter as he quickly shifts his body，finding his way around virtual objects without crashing.“I almost don’t realize I’m working out，” he said，“You’re having fun.”
He said it was more of a training for his arms and shoulders than he expected.It may seem like a lot of hard work just to get good exercise，but everyone knows how boring gyms can be.
Surprisingly，he didn’t feel sick.That may be because what you see in the goggles reflects what your body is doing on the platform.
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了由一家非营利性组织发明的一种新型健身机器，致力于青年发展和健康生活，并介绍了其用法、使用时的感受等。
22．What is the machine Icaros probably for?
A．The young to build up.
B．The disabled to travel in virtual reality.
C．The old to keep healthy.
D．Children to experience new technology.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“a new piece of exercise equipment that combines physical exercise”及“It will be offered by the Young Men’s Christian Association(YMCA)，a nonprofit organization devoted to youth development and healthy living.”可知，这是一款健身设备，而其提供者主要致力于年轻人的发展和健康生活。由此推知，该设备是给年轻人健身用的。
23．What should the users do when using the machine?
A．To pass a body test.
B．To stand on the platform.
C．To wear special glasses.
D．To know how to fly over mountains.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Users put on virtual reality goggles...”可知，在使用设备时，使用者需要戴上特殊的眼镜。
24．How did Nathan Maehren feel after using the machine?
A．Extremely tired.
B．A little bit dizzy.
C．More amused than in gyms.
D．Not excited as he expected.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句中的“‘I almost don’t realize I’m working out，’he said，‘You’re having fun.’”可知，南森·梅尔在使用器材之后的感受是自己不是在健身，而是在快乐地玩耍。
25．What is the text mainly about?
A．The introduction of YMCA.
B．A new machine for exercise.
C．The future of virtual reality.
D．The technology used in films.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文主要介绍了为促进年轻人健康地生活，一个非营利性组织提供了一种新型健身器材。
Ⅳ.七选五
Food is very important and necessary for our lives.
We eat food because we need it to live.It gives us the nutrients that we need for our bodies to grow. 26 If we are happy，we eat；if we are sad，we eat；boredom，depression，and loneliness are other reasons why we eat. 27 When we have friends or family over，we usually have some forms of food to offer them，whether it is a light snack or a full meal.
28 Many of us like certain foods because we have been raised eating those foods.In many cases，whatever our parents eat or like to eat is what we eventually enjoy eating.The region where we live as well as economics determines much of our food selection.If we lived in China，we would eat a lot of rice because it is what is grown there. 29
Food is also a part of our many celebrations.However，the way that food is used in celebrations varies from home to home，and country to country. 30 To understand why different foods are used in different celebrations，we need to understand a little about culture and how it could affect foods we use.
A．Also，we use food for our social needs.
B．Very often，we eat food for psychological reasons.
C．Nowadays many people choose to eat healthy food.
D．It is affected by different cultures around the world.
E．So our background and environment play a great role in what we eat.
F．Cheap food in one country may be quite expensive in another country.
G．The food that we choose to eat is selected for a number of different reasons.
语篇解读 众所周知，食物是我们身体的必需品。本文介绍了食物在心理、社交等方面也扮演着重要的角色。
26．答案 B
解析 设空前提到食物是我们的身体成长之需，后面提到的happy，sad，boredom，depression和loneliness都是描述心理活动的词汇，所以此处应该是一个过渡句。B项(我们吃食物经常是出于心理原因)符合语境。
27．答案 A
解析 设空处前面提到吃食物能满足身体和心理的需求，设空处后面提到有朋友或家人的时候也需要食物招待他们，所以此处应是吃食物能满足社交需要，这和A项(我们也用食物来满足社交需求)吻合。
28．答案 G
解析 分析文章结构可知，此处应是本段的中心句。下面列举的是选择某种食物的不同原因。G项(我们选择食用不同食物的原因有很多)符合语境。
29．答案 E
解析 上文提到父母喜欢吃的食物最后也会是我们喜欢的食物；我们生活的地区和经济状况决定了我们的食物选择；并举例说明如果是生活在中国我们就会选择吃大米，这是因为大米生长在中国。由此可以推断出我们的生活背景和生活环境对我们选择食物起到了重要作用，这和E项吻合。
30．答案 D
解析 设空处的下一句提到要想了解为什么在不同的庆祝活动中用不同的食物，我们需要了解一点文化，了解一下我们使用的文化是如何影响所使用的食物的，所以此处应是食物和文化的关系。D项(这受到了全世界不同文化的影响)符合语境。
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