2020版高考英语新设计大一轮译林版讲义：第一部分模块五Unit3

Unit 3　Science and nature



Ⅰ.单词语境记忆
1.make a breakthrough　取得突破
2.an ordinary school 一个普通学校
3.confirm my opinion 证实我的看法
4.in favour of the inclusion 支持这种融合
5.conduct their research 进行他们的研究
6.transform heat into power 把热量转化为能量
7.a historical concept 一个历史概念
8.commit crimes 犯罪
9.write a summary of the book 写一本书的总结
10.make profits 获得利润
Ⅱ.词性转换与派生记忆
1.profession n.职业，行业→professional adj.专业的，职业的
2.original adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的→origin n.起源；出身，来历→originate vi.起源
3.judgement n.判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决→judge v.判断
4.conduct vt.实施；指挥(乐队)→conductor n.售票员；(乐队)指挥
5.majority n.多数，大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.专业→minority n.少数民族；少数派
6.consideration n.仔细考虑；体谅，顾及→consider v.考虑，认为→considering prep.鉴于，考虑到→considerate adj.体贴的
7.reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的→rely vi.依靠，依赖
8.accurate adj.准确的，精确的→accurately adv.准确地，精确地→accuracy n.精确，准确
9.actual adj.真实的，实际的→actually adv.事实上，实际上
10.frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frightened adj.(人)感到害怕的
11.permission n.准许，许可，批准→permit vt.许可，准许 n.许可证
12.exact adj.精确的，准确的→exactly adv.精确地；准确地
13.intention n.意图，目的；企图→intend vt.打算，想要
14.anxiety n.忧虑，焦虑，不安→anxious adj.担忧的，焦急的
15.adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳→adopted adj.收养的→adoption n.采用；收养
16.legal adj.法律许可的，合法的→illegal adj.非法的
17.consequence n.结果，后果→consequent adj.随之发生的→consequently adv.因此，所以
『联想记忆』
1.源于动词短语的合成词
①breakthrough n.　　突破
②income n. 收入，收益
③overthrow v. 推翻
④input v.& n. 输入
⑤output v.& n. 输出
⑥uplift v. 举起
⑦outstanding adj. 杰出的
2.有病不可乱投“医”
①physician n. 内科医生
②surgeon n. 外科医生
③dentist n. 牙医
④eye doctor n. 眼科医生
⑤chemist n. 药剂师，化学家
3.“犯罪”相关词小结
①crime n. 罪，罪行
②offence n. 冒犯，犯罪
③guilt n. 犯罪，有罪
④accuse vt. 控告；指控
⑤charge vt. 控告
⑥commit vt. 犯(罪)
⑦punish vt. 惩罚；处罚
⑧sentence vt. 判决；宣判
4.一“字”之差，意义大不同
①adapt v.适应→adopt v.收养
②content v.& n.内容→context n.上下文
③sweat v.& n.汗水→sweet adj.甜的
④march v.前进→match v.& n.比赛
⑤steal v.偷→steel n.钢
5.结识“-or”人
①conductor 售票员；(乐队)指挥
②visitor 参观者，来访者
③director 导演；负责人
④instructor 讲师；教员
⑤translator 译员，翻译者
⑥inventor 发明者，发明家

1.The adopted boy soon adapted to the life in the new family.这个收养的男孩很快适应了新家的生活。
2.The young fellow made rapid progress by following his father’s advice.
这个年轻小伙子通过听从父亲的建议取得了很大的进步。
3.The outcome is that his income has increased.结果是他的收入增加了。

1.on (the) one hand...on the other hand...
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　一方面……另一方面……
2.toy with 戏弄，摆弄；把……当作儿戏
3.push ahead with 义无反顾地进行，努力推进
4.be/get burnt out 耗尽体力，累垮
5.follow in one’s footsteps 效仿某人
6.take...into consideration/account 认真考虑
7.in favour of 赞同，支持
8.point of view 观点
9.make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通
10.put...in place 准备就绪，布置妥当
11.rather than 而不是
12.deal with 处理，对付
13.compared with 与……相比较
14.point out 指出
15.in agreement with 同意；与……一致
16.turn out 结果是，证明是；生产
『词块记忆』
1.in the animal world在动物的世界里
2.their wonderful scientific advance他们杰出的科学进展
3.the first to clone a human being第一个克隆人的人
4.medical treatment医疗
5.moral ideas道德观念
6.store the information储存信息
7.the scientific advances科学进步
8.in the field of science在科学界
9.side effect副作用
10.chemical waste化学废物
11.natural resources自然资源
12.the developed and developing countries发达国家与发展中国家

1.The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.
第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。
2.While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries，some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.
尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家还不合法，但是一些科学家正在加紧研究，以制造出克隆的人类婴儿。
3.The boy was more frightened than hurt.这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。
4.Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。
5.I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz，saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.小测验之后，我说起话来听上去一定洋洋自得，说它实在太简单了，我肯定能取得好成绩。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Many buildings on the campus are his original (起初的) creations.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)
2.We are looking for someone who is reliable (可信赖的) and hardworking.
3.They adopted (收养) a homeless girl after the serious earthquake.
4.It can be useful to write a short summary (概要) of your argument first.
5.Scientists have made a breakthrough (突破) in their treatment of that disease.
6.This report offered the most specific and accurate (准确的) description of the problems.
7.We should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources (资源).
8.The new taxes came as a shock to ordinary(普通的) Americans.
9.It has been confirmed (进一步证实) that he wasn’t the person who stole your bike.
10.The majority (大多数) of foreign nationals working here have work permits.
Ⅱ.词性变化练习
1.We all know that anxiety (anxious)comes from not being able to adapt himself in his own existence.
2.It’s illegal (legal) to read people’s private letters without permission.
3.My cousin is a reliable (rely)person and you can rely on it that he can help you.
4.Consequently (consequence)，I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.
5.Mary was too frightened to tell her family the frightening scene because it frightened her to death.(frighten)
6.One of the major problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job.(majority)
7.Her father would not permit her to drive alone even though she had got her driving permit.Without her father’s permission，she had to go out by bus or on a bike.(permit)
8.With the intention of becoming famous and rich，many ordinary people intend to take part in some TV shows，such as Sing！China，which is intended to find good singers.(intend)
Ⅲ.选词填空
in favour of，toy with，point of view，deal with，for sale，rather than，push ahead with，take...into consideration
1.From this point__of__view，technology has changed the culture of work.
2.Sorry，this string of pearls is on display，and not for__sale.
3.What we expect from you is working hard rather__than hardly working.
4.We’ve come to the conclusion that we must push__ahead__with our plans to go on travelling.
5.The teacher told him not to toy__with his pen when speaking to others.
6.Working in a team，we have to take__into__consideration how each individual member works best.
7.In our city，almost everyone is in__favour__of bringing down the housing price because it is too high for them to buy one.
8.There are many difficulties to__be__dealt__with when starting a new business.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.Ms.Li，our English teacher，must__have__found__it__strange on Teachers’ Day.
李老师，我们的英语老师，在教师节那天一定发现了它有点奇怪。
2.Sometimes when a smile is so__powerful__that__it__gives__people__suffering__from__disasters__great__courage.
有时候，一个微笑是如此强大以至于它给那些遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。
3.What a wonderful song! I have__never__heard__a__more__moving__one.
多么好的一首歌！我从未听过比这更感人的了。
4.While__effective__treatment__is__available，scientists would like to find better medications.
尽管现在已经有了有效的治疗方法，但是科学家们还在寻求更好的药物治疗。
5.She was the only person to__survive__the__earthquake.
她是地震后唯一幸存的人。

核心要点突破
1.adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳
(1)adopt a policy　　　　采用某项政策
adopt one’s advice/plan 采纳某人的建议/计划
adopt an orphan 收养孤儿
(2)adopted adj. 收养的
(3)adoption n. 收养；采纳
单句语法填空/句型转换
①Parents who have an adopted (adopt) child want to know whether they should tell the child he or she is adopted.
②In the face of great pressure，I think，we should take an optimistic attitude.
→In the face of great pressure，I think，we should adopt__an__optimistic__attitude.
[佳句背诵] I hope you can adopt these suggestions，which would be helpful to you.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
我希望你能够采取这些建议，它们将对你有所帮助。
[名师指津] 注意：adopt与adapt在拼写上只有一个字母之差，但在意义上却大相径庭。adapt意为“(使)适应；改编”。
2.consequence n.结果，后果
(1)　　因此，结果
(2) 由于/因为……缘故
(3)consequent adj. 必然的；由……引起的
consequently adv. 因此；结果
单句语法填空/句型转换
①Consequently (consequent)，she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture.
②As a result of global warming，the sea level rises in many areas.
→As__a__consequence__of/In__consequence__of global warming，the sea level rises in many areas.
[佳句背诵] As a consequence，he knew that we had got lost and where we were.(2018·浙江高考书面表达)
结果，他知道我们迷失了，而且知道我们在哪里。
3.transform vt.& vi.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态；转化；转换；改造
(1)transform...into...　把……变成……
transform sb/sth from... 把某人/物从……中转变
(2)transformation n. 变化，转变；改观
transformation from...to...
从……到……的转变
单句语法填空/完成句子
①In recent years the film industry has experienced a complete transformation (transform).
②In only 30 years China has__been__transformed__into an advanced industrial power.
在仅仅三十年里中国已变成了一个先进的工业强国。
[佳句背诵] In this information age，science and technology has greatly transformed our way of life.
在信息时代，科技大大改变了我们的生活方式。
[名师指津] 英语中带“trans-”词根的单词有：transplant 移植； translate翻译； transmit传送；传播； transfer 转移；转让； transparent透明的等。
4.majority n.多数，大多数
(1)a/the majority of　　　……的大多数
in a/the majority 占大多数
(2)minority n. 少数
in the minority 占少数
单句语法填空
①But even though some British people are quite strange，the majority of them are (be) really friendly and I’ve made some good friends.
②For example，if you look at the audience at a classical concert，the majority are/is (be) over the age of fifty.
[佳句背诵] When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.(浙江高考书面表达)
当我有不同的观点时，我会选择放弃自己的看法，而去尊重大多数人的观点。
[名师指津] (1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。
(2)the majority of＋
5.confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信
confirm a theory/rumour　　　证实一种理论/谣言
confirm one’s belief 坚定某人的信念
confirm that... 确定/证实……
It has been confirmed that... 已确定/证实……
单句语法填空/完成句子
①They worked out an effective method，which was__confirmed (confirm)by the leadership.
②The recent airplane crash confirms__my__belief that stronger safety regulations are needed.
最近的空难坚定了我的信念，那就是更需要安全规则。
[佳句背诵] It has been confirmed that we will go to climb a mountain，where we can have a picnic.(2017·浙江高考书面表达)
已经确认我们将要爬山，并在那里野餐。
6.favour(＝favor) n.赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒
(1)in favour of　　　赞同，支持
in sb’s favour 对某人有利；有助于某人
(2)do sb the favour to do sth
给某人帮忙做某事
do sb a favour/do a favour for sb
给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙
ask a favour of sb＝ask sb a favour
请某人帮忙
完成句子
①The situation both at home and abroad is in__our__favour.
国内外形势都对我们有利。
②Do__me__a__favour/Do__a__favour__for__me and turn the radio down while I’m on the phone.
劳驾，当我打电话的时候，把收音机关小。
[佳句背诵] I am in favour of the inclusion that more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language.(江苏高考书面表达)
越来越多的英语单词进入汉语，我同意这种包含。
7.frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐
(1)frighten...away/off　　把……吓跑/吓走
frighten sb into/out of doing sth
恐吓某人做/不做某事
(2)frightened adj. 惊恐的
be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事
be frightened to death 被吓得要死
(3)frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
单句语法填空
①At the sight of the frightening scene，anyone felt very frightened.(fright)
②He threatened the intruders with a gun and frightened them off/away.
[佳句背诵] I got frightened when I saw a man playing with a snake in the park.
当我看见一个男人在公园里玩一条蛇时，我害怕极了。
8.permission n.准许，许可，批准
(1)ask for permission　　请求许可
without permission 未经许可
(2)permit vt.& vi. 允许
n. 许可证
permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
permit (sb’s) doing sth 允许(某人)做某事
sth permitting... ……许可的话(独立主格)
单句语法填空
①Employees are permitted to__use (use) the golf course during their free hours.
②You should know that no photos are to be taken of the exhibits without permission (permit).
[佳句背诵] Time permitting，I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends.
时间允许的话，我希望有更多的业余时间与朋友一起度过。
[名师指津] 动词permit 的常见用法为：permit doing sth/sb to do sth，用法类似的还有：
①allow doing sth/sb to do sth　　 允许(某人)做某事
②forbid doing sth/sb to do sth 禁止(某人)做某事
③advise doing sth/sb to do sth 建议(某人)做某事
④encourage doing sth/sb to do sth 鼓励(某人)做某事
9.on (the) one hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……(常用来引出相矛盾的两个方面)
(1)for one thing...for another...
　一则……；二则…… (用于引出并列的理由)
(2)first(ly)...；second(ly)...；last(ly)
第一……；第二……，最后……
完成句子
I haven’t seen her for a long time now.For__one__thing，she lives too far away；for__another，I’ve been rather busy.
我好久没有看她了，一来路太远，二来没工夫。
[佳句背诵] On the one hand，talk to someone you trust about how you feel.This is a good way of letting your anger out.On the other hand，go outdoors and play team games with your friends，as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.(安徽高考书面表达)
一方面，和你信任的人说说你的感受，这是一个释放自己愤怒的好办法。另一方面，去室外和你的朋友打比赛，因为体育运动也是一种消除愤怒的有效的方法。
10.take...into consideration 认真考虑
(1)show consideration to　　对……表示关心/体谅
(2)consider v. 考虑；认为
consider sb/sth to be/as... 认为……是……；
把……看作……
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
(3)considering prep. 考虑到
considerate adj. 体贴的
单句语法填空
①My daughter is considering buying (buy) a digital camera，which is considered to__be (be) a great help to her work.
②She is always polite and considerate (consider) towards her employees.
[佳句背诵] I sincerely hope you could take these suggestions into consideration.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
我真诚希望你能够考虑一下我的建议。
11.不定式作后置定语
The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.(教材原句)
第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next，the only，the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
①I think the first thing to do in summer is to lie under a tree and eat ice cream.(2016·四川高考写作佳句)
我想在夏天做的第一件事就是躺在树下吃冰淇淋。
②Typhoon Mangkhut was one of the strongest storms on record ever to__strike (strike)land.
台风山竹成为有历史记载以来登陆的最强风暴之一。
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。
③The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
④There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to__contact (contact)you failed.
在那个遥远的村庄没有信号，我所有联系你的努力都失败了。
12.more...than...
The boy was more frightened than hurt.(教材原句)
这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。
句中的more...than...结构意为“与其说……倒不如说……”，此结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比。more和than后接不定式、形容词、副词的原级、名词或介词短语等两个并列成分。
no more than　　仅仅；只不过
no more...than...
和……一样不……
not more than 不超过
not more...than...
没有……那样……
more than 多于，超过；不仅仅；非常，很；超出
①Environmental protection is more a responsibility for our students than interest.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ写作佳句)
对于我们学生而言，环保与其说是兴趣，倒不如说是一种责任。
②Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide，I am very happy to apply for it.
→Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide，I am more__than happy to apply for it.(重庆高考写作)
得知你们在组织全球共享书籍活动，我非常乐意申请参加。
③The first city was probably founded no__more__than 5，500 years ago.
第一个城市可能仅仅是在5 500年前建立的。
考纲词汇专练
Ⅰ.多义词专练——选择语境中词汇的含义
1.conduct
A.vt.引导　B.vt.指挥　C.vt.导电　D.vt.实施，进行　E.vt.行为，举止
①The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.
(2018·浙江高考阅读七选五)E
②The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.A
③The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and comprehensive review of the case.D
④Most metals can conduct electricity.C
⑤Who is conducting the orchestra tonight? B
2.profit
A.n.利润，收益　B.n.好处，益处　C.vi.获益　D.vt.对……有用/好处
①It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit.A
②I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example.D
③I like reading each day for profit and pleasure.B
④I’m sure that all of you will profit from this special experience.C
Ⅱ.微阅读——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1.She had a firm intention within herself to be the best she could be.(2016·天津高考完形)目的，意图
2.The main purpose of the free meal programme is to promote the hotel’s green concept.
(2016·浙江高考阅读D)观念
3.Nutrition is necessary for life，so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.(安徽高考阅读E)营养
Ⅲ.微完形——根据语境选出正确选项
1.With the __①__ of finding a girlfriend and getting married as soon as possible，he went to a famous program of Jiangsu TV Station.Many people find it __②__ and they can rely on it that they can find their ideal girlfriends.
①A.anxiety B.guidance
C.intention D.consequence
②A.reliable B.ordinary
C.accurate D.brief
答案　①C　②A
2.Although they sank all our money into the firm，it still failed to make a(n) __①__.Therefore，they went on a strike.The government feared the strike might produce a __②__ of reaction in other industries.
①A.income B.summary
C.contribution D.profit
②A.difference B.concept
C.chain D.majority
答案　①D　②C

Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考常考
1.Frightened (frighten) by the thunder，the little girl dare not sleep in her bedroom.
2.Throughout the years，he has also inspired many young architects to follow in his footsteps.
3.It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was postponed.
4.She was the first athlete to__win (win) the gold medal in the 29th Olympic Games.
5.Since the new rules began to work，we students have been permitted to__have (have) one hour for exercise every day.
6.A market survey conducted (conduct)about sales in July shows the food price has increased by 20%.
7.He returned with the intention of spending New Year with his family.
8.Your teachers will take your recent illness into consideration (consider) when marking your exams.
9.This story is no more interesting than the one our teacher told us in class.
10.In Africa the majority of the citizens are (be) black people.
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1.The collected money should be__made (make) good use of to help the people who suffered great losses in the earthquake.
2.Suddenly it hit__(hit)me that he was trying to ask me to forgive him.
3.She was too drunk (drink) to remember anything about the party.
4.The driver was at a loss when word came that he was__forbidden(forbid) to drive for speeding.
5.When climbing Mount Huang last year，all the tourists were__struck (strike) by its beauty.
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错易混
1.Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed to heat.to→into
2.The boys，faced with this somewhat frightened creature，had lost their tongues.frightened→frightening
3.Strictly speaking，you shouldn’t enter the lab without the permission.去掉第二个the
4.On the one hand，many people go abroad，but on other hand，a lot of people return home hurriedly.other__前加the
5.I need to call my dad and ask for permit before we go out.permit→permission
6.One-third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens is black people.第二个is→are
Ⅳ.根据语境判断加黑词的正确含义——熟词生义
A.行为，举止　　B.对……有用/好处　　C.偏袒，偏爱
D.利润
1.He divided the candies among the children without favour to anyone.C
2.From childhood，she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct.A
3.The local people believe the development will profit them.B


Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation—for his 40 years of work in Mauritius，where he saved an endangered kestrel from becoming the next Dodo.
When the 61-year-old first traveled to the east African island in the 1970s，he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel.At the time there were just 4 left in the wild，making it the rarest bird on Earth.However he stayed，using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖)，which involved taking eggs from the birds’ nests and hatching them under incubators，forcing the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.
A decade later，the number of Mauritius kestrels had increased to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.It has also been necessary for the biologist in efforts to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction，including the pink pigeon，echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.
Prof.Jones was awarded the $250，000 prize at a ceremony in London.
“As a young man in my 20s，I certainly didn’t enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.”Reflecting on the start of his career，he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time.In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques，with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.
Prof.Jones has devoted his whole life to his work，only becoming a father for the first time eight years ago，at 53.He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him，because it proved that his work to save birds was right.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了生物学家Carl Jones通过人工繁殖的方式使濒临灭绝的鸟类的数量逐渐增加，并且因此获得了2016年的印第安纳波利斯奖。
1.What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in Paragraph 1?
A.Return. B.Level.
C.Honor. D.Research.
答案　C　[词义猜测题。由于破折号后面的句子是对前面句子的补充说明，故由“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”可推知，这里的“accolade”与获奖有关，所以C项“荣誉”符合题意。]
2.According to the passage，which of the following can best describe the Dodo?
A.An endangered bird. B.An extinct bird.
C.A popular bird. D.A fierce bird.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“he saved an endangered kestrel from becoming the next Dodo”可知，他保护了濒临灭绝的红隼，使它免于遭受Dodo的情况，所以，Dodo是已经灭绝的一种鸟类。故选B。]
3.What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 3?
A.The method of taking eggs from the nests has worked well.
B.The wild environment for kestrels has changed a lot.
C.Kestrels have adapted to the life in the wild completely.
D.Kestrels have been harmful to other rare species in the wild.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句中的“had increased to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.”可知，红隼的数量已经开始增加了，所以可推断人工繁殖的方法很有效，与第二段中的“人工繁殖”相对应。故选A。]
4.Prof.Jone’s idea of taking eggs from the birds’ nests________.
A.was proved to be a total failure
B.was widely accepted by the public
C.was approved by the government
D.was criticized by some people
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句中的“A biologist once criticized...the rarest bird”及文章倒数第二段最后一句中的“In the 1970s there was...that they were too risky”可知琼斯教授从稀有鸟类的巢穴中取出鸟蛋的行为被一些人所批评。故选D。]
B
(2019·石家庄质检)No spacecraft will ever land on the sun.The sun is a flaming ball of gas that reaches thousands of degrees Fahrenheit.But this year，a ship from Earth will fly closer to it than any man-made craft has flown before.The mission (任务) is a big development for scientists and，maybe，for everyone else.

In the summer of 2018，NASA plans to launch the Parker Solar Probe.After a journey of nearly 90 million miles，it will fly within 3.85 million miles of the sun.Within two months of launching，the probe is expected to reach the sun’s corona (日冕).That’s the sun’s outer atmosphere of gas.
Getting there won’t be easy.Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the sun’s heat has proved difficult.But that hasn’t stopped engineers from trying.Temperatures in the corona can reach millions of degrees.The probe will limit itself to regions where things get no hotter than 2，500.That’s still a heavy heat load for a spacecraft.But a 4.5-inch-thick heat shield (护罩)will protect the probe’s camera and scientific instruments.
NASA says the data the probe collects could provide knowledge into the physics of stars.Our sun is special to us.But as a star，it’s rather common.So the better we understand how it works，the better we understand all stars of mass and colors.
Perhaps the most important is what the probe may show us about solar storms.During solar storms，charged particles stream through the solar system.They can disable communications satellites and shut down power systems.One study has found that a very intense solar storm could cause up to $2 trillion in damage in the US alone.It could also black out the East Coast for a year.
Understanding solar storms might allow us to predict them and protect ourselves.That could make even a mission with a billion-plus price tag one of NASA’s great bargains.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，主要介绍了帕克太阳探测器的相关情况。
5.What can we learn about the probe?
A.It’ll fly closer to the sun than the previous ones.
B.It’s the first man-made instrument to fly to the sun.
C.It’ll get to the core of the sun in nearly two months.
D.It’ll fly about 3.85 million miles to reach the corona.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But this year...has flown before”可知，今年要发射的宇宙飞船比以往的任何人造飞行器都更加靠近它(太阳)。故答案是A。]
6.What is the challenge for the engineers?
A.Directing the probe to collect data.
B.Reducing the temperature of the probe.
C.Building a shield against the heat.
D.Limiting the probe to proper regions.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Designing a spacecraft...stopped engineers from trying”和“But a...instruments”可知，对工程师来说，设计出能够到达太阳日冕的宇宙飞船的挑战在于研发能够抵挡太阳的“高温”(heat)的护罩。故答案是C。]
7.What might be the best title?
A.Exploring the stars.
B.Getting close to the sun.
C.Designing a spaceship.
D.Protecting Earth.
答案　B　[主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了美国航空航天局打算今年夏天发射宇宙飞船到达太阳日冕的事情，这次飞船将比以往任何人造飞行器更加靠近太阳。题目要体现出文章的核心词“太阳”。故答案是B。]
8.Where does the value of the mission lie?
A.Monitoring satellites.
B.Exploring solar energy.
C.Developing scientific instruments.
D.Forecasting solar storms.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Perhaps the most...solar storms”和第六段第一句“Understanding solar storms...protect ourselves”可知，帕克太阳探测器所收集到的数据能让我们更多地了解太阳风暴，从而预测它们，保护我们自己。故答案是D。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
In the late afternoon，15-year-old Saanya Hasan Ali can often be found in her comfortable family room.__1__ She is cutting，drawing，gluing and folding，surrounded by a colorful chaos of paper，rubber stamps，buttons，and ribbons (丝带).“I just love arts and crafts (手工艺)，”says Saanya.During the past six years，Saanya has raised $26，000 through the sale of her cards to help children and families in need.
__2__ “My mother received an e-mail from the Pennies for Education and Health (PEH) organization.They were raising money for children in India to be able to go to school，”explains Saanya，who was nine years old at the time.Her mother，Salma，offered to donate $75 in Saanya’s name.__3__
Saanya made cards to sell at a family wedding that summer.To her own surprise，she earned $600—enough to send eight children to school for the year.“I kept on making cards，and the following summer I was able to help support the kids for another year，”explains Saanya.__4__
Saanya acknowledges that her project has helped her to see the world through different eyes.“Now that I am in high school，I would also like to inspire other kids to do their own projects.__5__ Making cards is my small effort，”she says.“If everyone does their small part，it can grow into something beyond your expectations.”
A.I was in third grade then.
B.Saanya’s unexpected success began in 2005.
C.But Saanya decided to raise the money herself.
D.But she isn’t doing homework or in front of a computer screen.
E.No matter who you are，there is always an opportunity to make a difference.
F.Saanya had established her own non-profit organization called “Children Helping Children”.
G.One of her goals is to support the schooling of these eight children until they graduate from college.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。15岁的女孩Saanya Hasan Ali通过制作手工贺卡筹集资金，帮助那些贫困的孩子和家庭。
1.D　[根据本空后面的She is cutting，drawing，gluing and folding可以锁定D项，代入后，“但她并不是做作业或坐在电脑前”符合语境。]
2.B　[联系上文中的“Saanya已经筹集了26，000美元”和本空后面的“Saanya的妈妈收到一封为印度孩子筹集学费的电子邮件……并提出以Saanya的名义捐助75美元”可知，B项“Saanya意想不到的成功开始于2005年”符合语境，在文章中起承上启下的作用。]
3.C　[根据下一段中的Saanya made cards to sell...children to school for the year可知，Saanya想靠自己的努力资助那些孩子，故C项“Saanya决定自己筹钱”符合语境。]
4.G　[根据本空前面的for the year，for another year可以推知，Saanya接下来的目标是“资助这八个孩子直到大学毕业”，故G项符合语境。]
5.E　[根据本空后面的If everyone does...beyond your expectations可知E项符合语境。“无论你是谁，都有机会影响这个社会，而制作卡片就是我为之做出的努力。如果每个人都能尽自己的绵薄之力，那么它的影响将超乎你的意料。”]

Ⅰ.完形填空
In today’s world we find ourselves communicating more and more through online channels such as messaging，social media and video calls，often at the __1__ of face-to-face dialogue.But is online communication __2__ in today’ s world?
To begin with，I’d like to __3__ the advantages of online communication.One of the main arguments in its __4__ is that it opens up the possibility of communicating with people in different places around the globe.This has considerable benefits in the workplace as meetings can__5__ via videoconferencing between Stockholm，San Francisco and Shanghai without the need for __6__，exhausting business trips.Furthermore，it provides opportunities for __7__ families and friends to keep in touch on a daily basis.Another point is that written online communication gives us the option of responding either immediately or at a time that __8__ us as well as allowing us to edit and __9__ our message.
On the other hand，there are several __10__ to over-reliance on online communication.Some experts are concerned that a(n) __11__ of face-to-face interation(互动) delays the development of vital social skills.Tara Kennedy-Kline，author of Stop Raising Einstein，feels that connecting primarily through social media actually __12__ making us socially awkward.“Our kids don’t know how to have conversations，”she said.“They are losing simple social skills __13__ they only do things online.”Also，the very __14__ of conversation is different in the real world.When you talk face to face，you communicate with __15__ words.You communicate with your eyes，your hands，and your whole body.Your relationship with a person can grow much __16__ when you communicate face to face.If short dialogues using too many emoticons __17__ longer stretches of direct conversation with emotions expressed on real faces，we’ re running the risk of losing the __18__ of real conversation.
On balance，I believe that online communication brings an overall advantage in today’s __19__，global society.However，we should take care not to __20__ the benefits of engaging in face-to-face dialogue.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要对比了网络交流和面对面交流。
1.A.request B.expense
C.mercy D.top
答案　B　[网络交流的流行是以面对面交流的减少为“代价(expense)”的。]
2.A.easy B.preferable
C.affordable D.accessible
答案　B　[由下文对网络交流与面对面交流的对比可知，这里是说网络交流果真“更受喜爱(preferable)”吗？]
3.A.offer B.use
C.outline D.get
答案　C　[由本段的介绍可知，作者“概述(outline)”了网络交流的好处。]
4.A.position B.way
C.history D.favor
答案　D　[“支持(favor)”网络交流的论据之一是它使得地球上不同地区的人进行交流的可能性变为现实。]
5.A.show up B.catch up
C.take charge D.take place
答案　D　[不同城市之间会议的“举行(take place)”通过视频会议可以实现。]
6.A.occasional B.quick
C.time-consuming D.energy-saving
答案　C　[由上文提到的位于不同大洲的城市Stockholm，San Francisco and Shanghai可知，这里说的是“耗费时间的(time-consuming)”商业旅行。]
7.A.worse-off B.low-income
C.long-distance D.well-to-do
答案　C　[上文谈到网络避免了远距离商业旅行的必要性，此处接着说网络使得“相距很远(long-distance)”的家人和朋友能够每天交流。]
8.A.suits B.attracts
C.satisfies D.reminds
答案　A　[我们可以立即回复网络信息，也可以选择“适合(suits)”我们的时间回复信息。]
9.A.polish B.save
C.delete D.send
答案　A　[由edit可知，这里是说“润色(polish)”要发送的信息。]
10.A.keys B.drawbacks
C.approaches D.secrets
答案　B　[本段是说过度依赖网络的“不利(drawbacks)”。]
11.A.manner B.attitude
C.lack D.suggestion
答案　C　[由下文的delays the development of vital social skills可知，这里是说面对面交流的“缺乏(lack)”。]
12.A.starts B.avoids
C.ends up D.goes on
答案　C　[主要通过社交媒体交流“最终会(ends up)”让我们的社交技能欠缺。]
13.A.so B.unless
C.though D.because
答案　D　[“丧失简单的社交技能”与“只通过网络做事情”之间是因果关系。]
14.A.purpose B.volume
C.speed D.nature
答案　D　[由下文的When you talk face to face，you communicate with...words.You communicate with your eyes，your hands，and your whole body可知，这里是说真实生活中谈话的“本质(nature)”是不同的。]
15.A.less than B.more than
C.rather than D.other than
答案　B　[由下文的You communicate with your eyes，your hands，and your whole body可知，面对面交流“不限于(more than)”语言文字。]
16.A.simpler B.stronger
C.more formal D.more casual
答案　B　[此处是说面对面交流的好处，由此可知这里是说关系变得“更牢固(stronger)”。]
17.A.replace B.affect
C.control D.disturb
答案　A　[解析见下题。]
18.A.art B.topic
C.choice D.advice
答案　A　[带着表情符号的简短对话“取代(replace)”持续时间较长的带有丰富面部表情的直接交流，我们就会面临失去真实谈话“艺术(art)”的风险。]
19.A.divided B.traditional
C.hard-won D.fast-paced
答案　D　[网络交流在今天“快节奏的(fast-paced)”、全球化的社会是有优势的。]
20.A.overlook B.compare
C.doubt D.argue
答案　A　[由However可知，我们不应“忽视(overlook)”面对面交流。]
Ⅱ.语法填空
The Forbidden City, 1.________(locate) at the exact center of Beijing, is a place full of wonders.
But more than 600 years after it was built, it’s still managing 2.________(serve) up surprises because the Forbidden City has survived more than 200 earthquakes.
Most structures aren’t made to survive 3.________(nature) disasters, let alone those built hundreds of years ago.
To show 4.________ strong ancient Chinese buildings really are, a television documentary by British broadcaster Channel 4 explored the skills of the ancient building’s designers.A group of Chinese carpenters and 5.________ (engineer) were shown building a scale model of one of the Forbidden City’s palaces at one fifth of the size.
The model 6.________(put) to the test.It was subjected to a simulated earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale. Instead of falling apart, the model was just moved 7.________(gentle) during the test.
According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden City’s strength, lies in dougong—8.________ old building method invented in China.
In spite of being held together 9.________ any nails or glue，dougong is perfect at 10.________(keep) structures together.So as China’s most popular tourist destination, perhaps the Forbidden City should add one more thing to its list of attractions：earthquake shelter.
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了紫禁城的位置、历史、建筑抗震强以及抗震强的原因。
1.located　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处充当定语，省略了which is；be located at表示“位于”。]
2.to serve　[考查非谓语动词。manage后面用动词不定式作宾语，故用to serve。]
3.natural　[考查形容词。空处充当定语，修饰disasters，说明被修饰词的性质，表示“自然的”，故用形容词形式natural。]
4.how　[考查副词。为了表明中国古代的建筑是多么的结实，英国第四频道电视台的一个电视纪录片探索了古代中国建筑设计师们的技艺。how表示“多么”，修饰形容词strong。]
5.engineers　[考查名词的单复数。and连接并列结构，前后保持一致，前面用名词复数carpenters，故空处也应该用名词engineer的复数形式。]
6.was put　[考查动词的时态和语态。该句意为：这个模型被投入到试验中。根据上下文可知，动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时，又因为主语The model与谓语动词put构成被动关系，故用was put。]
7.gently　[考查词性转换。空处修饰动词moved，故用其副词形式gently。]
8.an　[考查冠词。method是可数名词，这里表示泛指一种，故用不定冠词，又因为空后是发音以元音音素开头的old，故用an。]
9.without　[考查介词。根据上下文可知，用dougong这种技术建造房子不用钉子和胶水，故用without。]
10.keeping　[考查动名词。keep充当介词at的宾语，故用其动名词形式。]