2020版高考英语新设计大一轮译林版讲义：第一部分模块二Unit3

Unit 3　Amazing people



Ⅰ.单词语境记忆
1.preserve its history and culture 　保护它的历史和文化
2.disturb the world’s ecological balance 扰乱全球生态平衡
3.send out electronic signals 发出电子信号
4.a stronger desire to stay online 上网的强烈愿望
5.a native speaker 一个讲本国语的人
6.top quality restaurants 高品质的酒店
7.a travelling companion 一个旅游伙伴
8.swallow more than you can digest 吞下你不能消化掉得
9.the candidate’s advantage 这个候选人的优势
10.a widespread hobby 一个广泛的爱好
Ⅱ.词性转换与派生记忆
1.connection n.联系，关联→connect v.联系，连接→connected adj.相连的，相关的
2.explorer n.探险家→explore vt.探测；勘探→exploration n.探测
3.curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n.好奇→curiously adv.好奇地
4.fortune n.大笔的钱，财富；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
5.punishment n.惩罚→punish vt.惩罚
6.scientific adj.科学的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家
7.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n.呼吸
8.inspire vt.启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞→inspired adj.受到启发的→inspiring adj.令人振奋的→inspiration n.灵感；激励
9.organization n.组织；机构→organize v.组织→organizer n.组织者
10.devotion n.奉献；忠诚；专心→devote vt.献出，付出；专心于→devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的
11.various adj.各种各样的→variety n.种种；多样化→vary vi.改变
12.apply vi.申请 vt.使用，应用→application n.申请→applicant n.申请人
13.optimistic adj.乐观的→optimism n.乐观；乐观主义
14.requirement n.要求，规定→require v.要求
15.discourage vt.使灰心；劝阻→courage n.勇气→encourage v.鼓励→encouragement n.鼓励
16.survival n.幸存，存活→survive v.幸存→survivor n.幸存者
17.nationality n.国籍→national adj.国家的→nation n.国家
18.rare adj.稀少的；罕有的→rarely adv.稀少地；极少地

『联想记忆』
1.词根“-serve”单词一览
①conserve vt.　　　　保存；保守
②deserve vt. 应受，值得
③observe vt. 观察；遵守
④preserve vt. 保存，保护
⑤reserve vt. 保留；预订
2.“性格”形容词集锦
①out-going 外向的
②easy-going 随和的
③optimistic 乐观的
④humorous 有幽默感的
⑤modest 谦虚的
⑥generous 宽宏大量的
⑦selfish 自私的
⑧selfless 无私的
⑨sensitive 敏感的
⑩stubborn 顽固的，固执的
3.看似复数，实则不同
①content 内容→contents 目录
②art艺术→arts 文科
③arm 手臂→arms 武器
④brain 脑袋→brains 脑力
⑤custom 风俗→customs 海关
⑥paper 纸→papers 文件
⑦wood 木头→woods 树林
⑧work 工作→works 作品
⑨short 短的→shorts 短裤
⑩force 力量→forces 军队
4.“联系”常用词
①connect vt. 连接，使联系
②connection n. 联系
③relate vt. 使联系，涉及
④relation n. 关系
⑤link vt.& n. 联系；连接
⑥contact vt.& n. 联系，接触
『趣味串记』
1.He is my superior，who is superior to me.
他是我的上司，他比我优秀。
2.I am not content with the content of the book.
我不满意这本书的内容。
3.It’s not proper to comb in front of a tomb.
在坟墓前面梳头是不合适的。

1.be curious about　对……感到好奇
2.set sail for 启航去……
3.search for 搜寻
4.along with 与……一起
5.be known as 作为……而出名
6.come across (偶然)遇见；发现
7.as well as 也，以及，和
8.die of 死于……
9.in connection with 关于，与……有关
10.result in 导致，结果是……
11.pay off 带来好结果；得到回报
12.star in 在……担任主角，主演
13.get in touch with 与……取得联系
14.come into use 开始使用
15.be fit for 适合于
16.be in control (of sth) 掌管，控制(某物)
17.look up to 敬佩
『词块记忆』
1.explore new places探索新的地点
2.discover a great fortune发现巨大的财富
3.fall ill with a fever生病发烧
4.two hours later两个小时之后
5.a scientific explanation科学解释
6.an outgoing and kind person一个外向和蔼的人
7.gain valuable data获得宝贵的数据
8.show great devotion to her work深爱她的工作
9.apply to be a member申请成为一名成员
10.three out of the 14 candidates14个申请者中的3个
11.of all time有史以来

1.Upon their entering the tomb，Carter’s lucky pet bird，which he had left in Cairo，was swallowed by a snake.
他们刚一进入陵墓，卡特留在开罗的幸运爱鸟就被一条蛇给吞食了。
2.By the 1920s，he had become an explorer，searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.
到了20世纪20年代，他已经成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。
3.If breathed in，they can result in illness or even death.如果(这些病毒)被人体吸入，它们可能导致疾病甚至死亡。
4....it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China’s first astronaut.
……但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的席位。
5.In 1932，she became the first woman to fly alone across the Atlantic.
1932年，她成为独自飞越大西洋的第一位女性。
6.Without her work，there would be very few mountain gorillas left today.
没有她的工作，今天，山地大猩猩将所剩无几。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.We had to write a paper on how we plan to apply (应用) what we would learn in class to our future professions.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ完形)
2.Fire has caused serious damage to the contents (东西) of the building.
3.By coincidence (巧合)，we happened to be travelling on the same train.
4.The boy realized his mistake and accepted his punishment (惩罚) without complaining.
5.The teacher still inspired (激励) us to try again，though we had failed several times.
6.He desired (渴望) to prove his courage in the battle when he was young.
7.We must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve (保护) our existing woodlands.
8.Don’t be too curious (好奇的) about things you are not supposed to know.
9.I don’t want to throw cold water on your ideas，but I think you are over optimistic (乐观的).
10.He does sports almost every day，so his devotion (奉献) of too much time to sports is plain to see.
Ⅱ.词性变化练习
1.The paintings are in an excellent state of preservation(preserve).
2.He has cheated people and tried to escape punishment(punish).
3.The requirement (require) upon listening skill has always been an important part of English learning.
4.Fortunately(fortune)，when he went abroad to make money，he gained great wealth.
5.All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th.(apply)
6.It’s better for students to take a variety of courses so as to taste various kinds of subjects to find their interest.(vary)
7.He wanted to have an organization set up to help those in need，whose organizers could make its work well organized.(organize)
8.He devoted his life to his work，and his devotion to his job is admired by everyone，including some of his devoted friends.(devote)
Ⅲ.选词填空
search for，in connection with，be known as，be curious about，look up to，in control of，pay off，result in
1.It is very important to control what you think if you wish to be in__control__of your life.
2.The over releasing of carbon dioxide may result__in less rainfall，the global warming and so on.
3.He was__curious__about Australian cities，so he read the book written by Dr.Johnson.
4.His patience and hard work finally paid__off with a gold medal.
5.He glanced around the small room，searching__for a place to sit.
6.She is such a kind-hearted and friendly girl that all of us look__up__to her.
7.Thomas Edison is__known__as a great inventor by people all over the world.
8.The police have arrested two suspects in__connection__with the bank robbery.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.If exposed__to__very__loud__music every day，young people may risk going deaf.
如果年轻人每天都处于嘈杂的音乐之中，他们很可能有变聋的危险。
2.Sun Peiyuan was the__first__athlete__to__win__the__gold__medal in the Jakarta Asian Games.
孙培原是在雅加达亚运会上第一位获得金牌的运动员。
3.Without you，I wouldn’t__have__finished__the__job so quickly.
若没有你，我不会这么快就完成工作。
4.By the end of last week，we had__received__more__than__1，000__letters from all over the world.
到上周末为止，我们已经收到来自世界各地的1 000多封信。
5.Upon/On__seeing__her__mother，little Mary couldn’t help crying.
一看见妈妈，小玛丽就哭了。

核心要点突破
1.curious adj.好奇的，求知欲强的；奇特的
(1)be curious about...　　对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth 极想做某事
(2)curiosity n. 好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇
(3)curiously adv. 好奇地
单句语法填空
①Little Tom felt the bag，curiously to__know (know)what it contained.
②The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity (curious).
[佳句背诵] The life of American high school students is a good choice because Chinese students are curious about the school life of American students.(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
美国的高中生生活是一个不错的选择，因为中国的学生对美国学生的学校生活非常好奇。
2.fortune n.[C]大笔的钱，财富；命运，前途[U]运气
(1)make a/one’s fortune　　　　发财
try/seek one’s fortune 碰运气
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的
be fortunate to do sth 有幸做某事
(3)fortunately＝luckily adv. 幸运地
unfortunately＝unluckily adv. 不幸地
完成语段
In the 1980s，Li Hua went to the south to__try__his__fortune (碰运气).But he made__no__fortune (没有发财).Fortunately (幸运的是)，he met with a boss who fed pigs.With his help，Li Hua made__his__fortune (发财) later by feeding pigs.
[佳句背诵] I hope you are fortunate enough to be admitted to an ideal university.(2018·北京高考书面表达)
我希望你能足够幸运被理想的大学录取。
3.preserve vt.保存，保护，保持
(1)preserve...from...　　保护……免受……
(2)nature preserve 自然保护区
well-preserved adj. 保存良好的
preservation n. 保护
单句语法填空
①We must encourage the low-carbon travel and preserve our planet from more pollution.
②The police are responsible for the preservation (preserve)of public order.
[佳句背诵] I once worked as a volunteer to help to preserve natural resources.(2018·浙江高考书面表达)
我曾经作为志愿者来帮助保护自然资源。
4.content n.内容；[复数]容纳的东西；目录；[单数]含量；满足adj.满足的，满意的vt.使满足
[一词多义] 写出下列句中content的词性和含义
①It’s the weekend，so you can sleep to your heart’s content.n.满足
②It is advisable to look at the contents of a book before buying it.n.目录
③She hadn’t read the book and so was unaware of its content.n.内容
④Simple praise is enough to content him.v.使满足
⑤She’s perfectly content to live in a hut and paint pictures all day.adj.满足的
(1)be content with...　　　对……满足/满意
be content to do sth 乐于做某事
(2)content oneself with... 满足于……
一句多译
⑥那些满足于现状的人在生活中一定不会有大的作为。
→Those who are__content__with their present situations will surely make no difference in life.
→Those who content__themselves__with their present situations will surely make no difference in life.
[佳句背诵] With so much related experience，I am sure you will be content with me.(2018·浙江高考书面表达)
由于有丰富的相关经验，我认为你一定会对我满意的。
5.disturb vt.打扰，扰乱；使(某人)烦恼或不安
(1)It disturbs sb to do sth
　　　　　　　做某事使某人不安
be disturbed by 为……感到不安；被……打扰
(2)disturbed adj. 感到不安的； 心理不正常的；烦恼的，心烦意乱的
disturbing adj. 令人不安的，引起烦恼的
单句语法填空/完成句子
①We can’t focus on our work because of the disturbing (disturb) noise.
②It__disturbed__her__to__realize that she would be dismissed.
意识到她会被解雇，使她很困扰。
[佳句背诵] Many students going to the ward would not only waste much time but also make a lot of noise，which could disturb both the student and other patients.(浙江高考书面表达)
许多学生去病房不仅浪费时间而且发出很大的噪音，这样会打扰学生和其他病人的。
6.discourage vt.使灰心；劝阻，阻止；使泄气
(1)discourage sb from doing sth
　　　　　　　　劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心
(2)discouraging adj. 令人泄气或沮丧的
discouraged adj. (人)感到泄气或沮丧的
单句语法填空
①His parents tried to discourage him from going (go)abroad，but failed.
②Today’s report on the economy is rather discouraging(discourage).
[佳句背诵] Don’t be discouraged if you have some difficulty in communicating with Chinese students.(2018·北京高考书面表达)
如果与中国学生交流有困难，不要泄气。
7.desire n.渴望，欲望，愿望vt.渴望，期望；想要
(1)have a desire for/to do sth　渴望(做)某事
(2)desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire that...(should) do... 渴望……
单句语法填空
①I had a strong desire to__reach (reach) in and play with the toy，but was held back thankfully by the shop window.
②The teacher desired that all the exercises (should)__be__handed (hand) in before school was over.
[佳句背诵] I learn from your letter that you have a desire to learn in China.(2018·北京高考书面表达)
我从你的信中得知你强烈希望在中国学习。
8.apply vi.申请；适用vt.使用，应用；专心于；涂抹，敷
(1)apply to　　　　适用于；向……申请
apply for... 申请……
apply...to... 把……运用于……
apply oneself to 致力于，专心于
(2)applicant n. 申请人
application n. 申请；申请书；适用
单句语法填空/完成语段
①She applied to the international school for a job as an English teacher.
②In order to know whether his plan was practical，he first applied__it__to (把它应用于) his work，and he also applied__for (申请) a study to his company about it.Then he applied__himself__to (专心于) it and made necessary changes.
[佳句背诵] I’m writing to apply to join it，thinking that I’m well qualified for the job.(2018·浙江高考书面表达)
我写信的目的是加入它，我认为能够胜任这项工作。
9.come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解
come out　　　　　出版；出来；出现；结果是
come up 走近；上来；发芽；即将发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)上升
come up with 想出；提出
come to 总计；达到
When it comes to...
当谈到……时
单句语法填空/完成句子
①New problems came up when they went into the discussion.
②Listening and speaking is where my weakness lies when__it__comes__to English.
当谈到英语时，听和说是我的弱项。
[佳句背诵] When we read newspapers，we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”.(江苏高考书面表达)
读报时，我们经常会遇到像“AIDS”和“PK”等这样的英文单词。
10.result in 导致，结果是……
(1)as a result of　　因为，由于
as a result 结果
without result 徒劳地
(2)result from 由……引起；源自
句型转换
There is more and more noise pollution.As a result，many species are dying out.
→As__a__result__of more and more noise pollution，many species are dying out.
→More and more noise pollution has resulted__in many species dying out.
→The fact that many species are dying out results__from more and more noise pollution.
[佳句背诵] I suggested choosing some students to see him on behalf of the whole class.As a result，they agreed to my advice，and everything went well as planned.(浙江高考书面表达)
我建议选出一些学生代表全班去看望他。结果，他们同意了我的建议，一切都按计划进展顺利。
11.pay off 成功，带来好结果；得到回报；还清，偿清；(付清工资后)解雇
[一词多义] 写出下列句中pay off的含义
①All my years of training as an explorer have finally paid off！(教材原句)得到回报
②What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid off all his debts.偿清，还清
③The boss paid off the employee due to his bad management.(付清工资后)解雇
pay back　　　　　偿还(欠款)；报复
pay for 付……的钱；因……而受惩罚
pay a visit to 参观……；看望……
pay attention to 注意
单句语法填空
④She did part-time jobs to get more money to help pay for school.
⑤You may rely on it that he will pay back all the debts.
[佳句背诵] Though Tang poems are very difficult to learn，your efforts will pay off one day.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
尽管唐诗很难学，但你的努力总有一天会得到回报。
[名师指津] pay off当“(努力、辛苦)取得好结果，得到回报”讲时，为不及物动词短语，在句中用主动语态。
12.“by＋时间”作状语
By the 1920s，he had become an explorer，searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.(教材原句)
到了20世纪20年代，他已经成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。
句中by the 1920s意为“到了20世纪20年代”。“by＋时间名词”，常在句中作时间状语。
(1)“by＋现在的时间/从句(现在时)”作状语时，句子/主句谓语一般用现在完成时。
①By now，five of my foreign friends，including you，have been invited to the outing.(2017·浙江高考满分作文)
到现在为止，我已邀请了包括你在内的五位外国朋友参加郊游。
(2)“by＋过去的时间/从句(过去时)”作状语时，句子/主句谓语一般用过去完成时。
②By the time the doctor arrived at the spot，the patient had__died (die).
在医生到达现场时，病人已经死了。
(3)“by＋将来的时间”作状语时，句子谓语一般用将来完成时。
③By the time of tomorrow morning，I will__have__left (leave) the country.
明天早晨，我将已离开这个国家了。
13.强调句型
Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test，it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China’s first astronaut.(教材原句)
虽然杨(利伟)并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的席位。
(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。多用于强调句子主语、宾语和状语；
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
(4)not...until...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until...that...。
①It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018·天津高考单选)
直到汽车停在我们的房子前时我们才看见莉莉坐在乘客座上。
②Was__it__you__that/who let out the secret to her?
是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？
③Where__was__it__that you met your parents?
你是在什么地方见到你父母的？
④It__was__not__until__the__20th__century__that__Great Britain became the first urban society in history.
直到20世纪大不列颠才成为历史上最早的城镇化社会。
[名师指津] 判断是否是强调句的方法： 把 It is/was和that 去掉，看句子的结构及语意是否完整，若完整，则为强调句；若不完整，则不是。
考纲词汇专练
Ⅰ.多义词专练——选择语境中词汇的含义
1.signal
A.n.信号　B.vi.发信号，用信号示意　C.vt.(用言语或行动)表明，表示　D.vt.标志，证明
①The lengthening days signal the end of winter.D
②When the teacher closes his book，it’s a signal for everyone to stand up.A
③He was signalling wildly at us，but we didn’t even notice.B
④Both sides have signalled their willingness to start coorperation.C
2.superior
A.adj.更好的，更强的　B.adj.更高的，上级的　C.adj.高傲的　D.n.上级，上司
①His fitness and superior technique brought him victory.A
②I’ll report you to your superior officer if you do that again.B
③They feel it necessary to obey their superior.D
④Don’t be so superior，for you are just a learner here.C
Ⅱ.微阅读——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1.I still can’t believe what a coincidence it was.I’m just so glad I was there in time to help my son.
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形)巧合
2.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.
(江苏高考阅读C)广泛的
3.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.”
(2017·浙江高考阅读A)伙伴
Ⅲ.微完形——根据语境选出正确选项
1.Not only do I have the ability to organize activities，but also I am __①__ and energetic which benefits me in communicating with strangers.So I was chosen a(n) __②__ for the chairman of Students’ Union.
①A.various B.curious
C.outgoing D.rare
②A.candidate B.explorer
C.superior D.astronaut
答案　①C　②A
2.If you find yourself trapped in the habit of complaining，you should simply try to convert it into positive feelings and stay __①__.I think it is a good __②__ for me.
①A.superior B.scientific
C.optimistic D.curious
②A.quantity B.quality
C.fortune D.coincidence
答案　①C　②B

Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考常考
1.Fortunately (fortune) for him，a man offered to take him around the different spots for free.
2.What’s more，you can make a call in whichever place you like，so your privacy will be well protected.
3.Greatly inspired (inspire)，Jane made up her mind to work at her lessons even harder.
4.She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be curious about what he was doing.
5.In terms of his age and experience，he is clearly superior to all the other candidates.
6.By the time the English teacher came in，we had__started (start) practising speaking English.
7.Every time I come across a good essay in reading newspaper，I feel like cutting it out and keep it.
8.The athlete’s years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
9.Such knowledge is still useful when applied (apply) to similar situations in other countries.
10.The news about the terrible flood there greatly discouraged us from going there for sightseeing.
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1.It is known (know) to us all that the America’s national emblem takes on many different meanings.
2.He could have finished it on schedule，but somehow he fell (fall)behind.
3.On my way home yesterday，I was caught (catch)in the heavy rain.
4.Trapped in the ruins，the girl still wore (wear) a smile，waiting to be rescued.
5.The virus is believed to have spread (spread)in many countries.
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错易混
1.It was at the school gate where I met an old friend of mine.where→that或去掉at
2.You will pass your exams if you really apply you to your studies.apply后面you→yourself/yourselves
3.Inspiring by the speech，the little girl made up her mind to work even harder.Inspiring→Inspired
4.I am very disturbing by the complaints that have been made against you.disturbing→disturbed
5.Unfortunate，German universities did not accept female students，so no girl was allowed to attend classes.Unfortunate→Unfortunately
6.Don’t be so discouraging.If you put away such feelings，you will do better next time.discouraging→discouraged
Ⅳ.根据语境判断加黑词的正确含义——熟词生义
A.激励　B.赋予灵感　C.财富　D.涂抹
1.We’ve all heard stories of school drop-outs who have made a fortune.C
2.It’s said that the memory of her mother inspired her first novel.A
3.He applied some medicine to his son’s wound.D


Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
One of the more memorable teachers I had in high school was not a teacher by trade.He was an employee of a local nuclear power plant who’d been called to fill in when，at the start of my senior year，our physics teacher abruptly quit.The guy looked like Ned Flanders (a fictional character in the television series The Simpsons)，which was funny because when we heard we’d have a substitute，my friend Ben randomly commented，“Watch，he’s going to look just like Ned Flanders.”That was a memorable thing.

Physics was not for me.It was a fairly challenging subject—I was already shaky in mathematical confidence—and the lectures made it more so.I really tried.But I just did not get it.I wasn’t even sure what exactly we were studying.It just seemed hard.
I’m sure Nuclear Ned Flanders，as he became known，was great at running power plants，but，objectively speaking，he was not a very good teacher.I eventually dropped the class，and then avoided the sciences for all of college.
But the funny thing is，I’m actually thankful things turned out this way.It means that as I step stealthily into midlife，there is a whole world of truly interesting study I’m just discovering.Physics，it turns out，includes the study of things like space，time，and how the entire universe works.It simply does not get a whole lot more interesting than that！And I appreciate wrestling with big，abstract ideas now.If I considered myself schooled，I’m not sure I would have felt like I had to return to those concepts at this point.I’m so glad I have.
The point of my story is obvious：that every single person who stands at the front of a classroom matters.A ton.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者在文中介绍了自己高中时的一位物理老师。他认为每一位站在讲台上的人都会对我们产生巨大的影响。
1.Why did the author have a deep first impression of the substitute teacher?
A.He was a nuclear expert.
B.He behaved like Ned Flanders.
C.A coincidence happened around his arrival.
D.There was a similarity between him and Ben.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者的同学Ben事先随口说了句：“新来的老师将会长得和《辛普森一家》中的Ned Flanders一样”。新老师的到来验证了他的“预言”，因此这位老师给作者留下的第一印象非常深刻。]
2.What can we learn about the author’s academic performance at high school?
A.He quit maths finally.
B.He struggled with physics.
C.He was a hopeless student.
D.He preferred physics to maths.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的a fairly challenging subject和I just did not get it...It just seemed hard可知，高中物理对作者来说如同天书。]
3.What happened when the author reached middle age?
A.He became a scientist.
B.He fell in love with physics.
C.He forgave Nuclear Ned Flanders.
D.He began to home-school himself.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的interesting和It simply does not get...big，abstract ideas now可知，作者步入中年后，忽然对物理产生了浓厚的兴趣。]
4.What would be the best title for the text?
A.Persons that matter
B.My favorite teacher
C.The man who raised me up
D.A memorable physics lesson
答案　A　[标题归纳题。作者在最后一段升华了文章的主题：every single person who stands at the front of a classroom matters.A ton。他认为每一位站在讲台上的人都会对我们产生巨大的影响。]
B
The Nazca Lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs (地画) in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru.It is ranging from geometric patterns to drawings of different animals and stylized human-like forms.The ancient lines can only be truly taken in from high in the air, leaving generations puzzled as to how these precise works could have been completed long before the documented invention of human flight.
The Lines were first spotted when commercial airlines began flying across the Peruvian desert in the 1920s.Who built them and what was their purpose? Are they roads, star pointers, maybe even a gigantic map? If the people who lived here 2，000 years ago had only a simple technology, how did they manage to construct such precise figures? Did they have a plan? These markings are like a vast puzzle.
The Nazca Lines are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs in the world.There are also huge geoglyphs in Egypt, Malta, the United States (Mississippi and California), Chile, Bolivia and in other countries.But the Nazca geoglyphs, because of their numbers, characteristics, dimensions and cultural continuity as they were made and remade throughout a certain history period, form the most impressive archeological (考古学家) group.
The Nazca plain is unique for its ability to preserve the markings upon it, due to the combination of the climate (one of the driest on Earth, with only twenty minutes of rainfall per year) and the flat, stony ground which minimizes the effect of the wind at ground level.With no dust or sand to cover the plain and little rain or wind to erode (腐蚀)it, lines drawn here tend to stay drawn.These factors, combined with the existence of lighter-colored subsoil beneath the desert surface, provide a vast writing pad that is suited to the artist who wants to leave his mark eternal.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纳斯卡(秘鲁)地画的情况。
5.What can we know about the Nazca Lines from the first two paragraphs?
A.They were built as a big map.
B.They were formed by nature.
C.They are ancient lines in caves.
D.They are huge markings in a desert.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The Lines were first spotted...in the 1920s.”，可知，商业航空公司开始飞越秘鲁沙漠时，第一次发现了这些线。所以选D项。]
6.How many factors make the Nazca Lines the most impressive?
A.One. B.Two.
C.Three. D.Four.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“because of their numbers，characteristics，dimensions and cultural continuity”，可知答案为D。]
7.Why are the Nazca Lines well preserved?
A.Because of the wind at ground level.
B.Because of the existence of soft soil.
C.Because of the climate and geography.
D.Because of the thick sand on the top.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Nazca plain is unique...at ground level.”，可知答案为C。]
8.What does the underlined word “eternal” probably mean?
A.Non-stop. B.Ever-lasting.
C.Real-life. D.High-end.
答案　B　[词义猜测题。根据本段讲述的内容为地画能长期保存的原因可知，这些因素使艺术家的地画永恒，可知B项符合题意。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
At my daughter’s presentation ceremony，the principal reminded the kids of that now-familiar truth: they could have multiple careers in their lifetimes.As I lay in bed that evening，another truth __1__ me that it is not just different careers that __2__ each child.
I __3__ my own life and how much it has __4__.Five years ago，I was in an unhappy marriage，living in a house that I felt wasn’t mine.I felt __5__ most of the time and not __6__ my own future.Now，I live in my own beautiful apartment.My family life is peaceful，filled with __7__.My life is barely __8__.I created a whole new reality.I have always __9__ that great change is possible.I am the great-grandchild of the immigrants who left their countries with few __10__.From the shtetls(犹太人小村庄) of Russia and Poland，they created their own communities.
My parents moved to a __11__ city with two small children and started a life different from that in their hometown.And my late grandmother lived two completely different lives.__12__ she was a widow at 43 after my grandfather died suddenly，she __13__ her daughters alone，cared for her elderly mother and __14__ travelled out of her hometown.At 68，after being single for 26 years，she __15__ us all by falling in love and remarrying.She and her husband，Harry，socialized __16__，and travelled around the country.
Life is full of __17__.We assume that our lives are linear(直线的)，leading us from birth to death into a straight __18__.But they can change and have sharp __19__.They can double back and leap forward and begin another __20__ altogether.
【语篇解读】　本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文中借助自己及自己亲人的生活经历表达了人生充满可能性的观点。
1.A.hit B.promised
C.attacked D.suggested
答案　A　[根据上下文可知，作者突然意识到了另一条真理。hit“使突然意识到”符合语境。]
2.A.hold back B.appeal to
C.wait for D.call on
答案　C　[根据上文中的“the principal reminded...in their lifetimes”可知，此处表示作者突然意识到并不仅仅是不同的事业在等待着每个孩子。wait for“等待”符合语境。]
3.A.sought for B.tried out
C.took over D.reflected on
答案　D　[根据下文的内容可知，作者认真思考了自己的生活。reflect on“认真思考”符合语境。]
4.A.transformed B.improved
C.abused D.succeeded
答案　A　[根据下文作者所说的自己的生活前后的巨大变化可知，作者思考的是自己的生活发生了多大的改变。transform“改变”符合语境。]
5.A.terrified B.anxious
C.curious D.ashamed
答案　B　[根据上文中的“Five years ago...I felt wasn’t mine”可知，五年前，作者婚姻不幸福，觉得住在一个不属于自己的家中，故作者大多数时候感到焦虑，并觉得无法掌管自己的未来。anxious“忧虑的，焦虑的”符合语境。]
6.A.in control of B.in defence of
C.in honor of D.in place of
答案　A　[解析见上题。in control of“掌管，控制”符合语境。]
7.A.noise B.devotion
C.admiration D.laughter
答案　D　[根据上文中的“Now，I live in my own beautiful apartment.My family life is peaceful”可知，作者现在住在自己漂亮的公寓中，家庭生活平静安宁，充满了欢笑。laughter“笑，笑声”符合语境。]
8.A.bearable B.recognizable
C.suitable D.acceptable
答案　B　[根据上文提及的作者前后生活的对比以及下文的“I created a whole new reality”可知，作者创造了一个全新的现实生活，故可推知作者现在的生活(和以前的相比变化巨大)很难被认出来。recognizable“容易认出的，易于识别的”符合语境。]
9.A.imagined B.doubted
C.believed D.remembered
答案　C　[根据语境可知，作者一直都相信巨大的变化是可能发生的。believe“相信”符合语境。]
10.A.contacts B.belongings
C.expectations D.devices
答案　B　[根据上文中的“who left their countries with few”并结合选项可知，此处指携带很少的财物离开他们自己的国家。belongings“财物，财产”符合语境。]
11.A.poor B.remote
C.strange D.wealthy
答案　C　[根据下文中的“started a life different from that in their hometown”可知，作者的父母搬去了一个陌生的城市。strange“陌生的”符合语境。]
12.A.Since B.Until
C.When D.Although
答案　A　[根据下文中的“she was a widow...her daughters alone”可知，由于作者已逝的外祖母是一个寡妇，所以她(生前)独自抚养自己的女儿们。Since“因为，由于”在此处引导原因状语从句。]
13.A.educated B.raised
C.accompanied D.comforted
答案　B　[解析见上题。raise“抚养”符合语境。]
14.A.nearly B.frequently
C.smoothly D.rarely
答案　D　[根据上文中的“she ________ her daughters alone，cared for her elderly mother”可知，作者的外祖母(生前)要独自抚养自己的女儿们，照顾自己年老的母亲，所以她很少去她家乡之外的地方旅行。rarely“很少，不常”符合语境。]
15.A.amused B.annoyed
C.satisfied D.surprised
答案　D　[根据上文的内容，尤其是“she was a widow...for 26 years”和下文中的“falling in love and remarrying”可知，作者的外祖母(生前)在成了寡妇26年后，于68岁时坠入爱河并再婚，这应该是让作者他们感到吃惊的。surprise“使惊奇，使感到意外”符合语境。]
16.A.endlessly B.casually
C.punctually D.accidentally
答案　A　[根据下文中的“and travelled around the country”可知，作者的外祖母(生前)和自己的丈夫Harry周游全国，不断地参加社交活动。endlessly“不断地，无休止地”符合语境。]
17.A.challenges B.possibilities
C.hardships D.hopes
答案　B　[根据上文作者所举的例子可知，生活是充满可能性的。possibility“可能，可能性”符合语境。]
18.A.pattern B.shape
C.path D.queue
答案　C　[根据上文中的“We assume that our lives are linear(直线的)，leading us from birth to death into a straight”可知，我们认为自己的生活是条直线，就是自生至死的一条笔直的路。path“路”符合语境。]
19.A.tendencies B.directions
C.increases D.twists
答案　D　[根据上文中的“We assume that...have sharp________”和下文中的“They can double back and leap forward”可知，我们的生活并不是直线，而是会变化并出现急转弯的。twist“(河流或道路的)曲折处，急转弯处”符合语境。]
20.A.marriage B.relationship
C.story D.plan
答案　C　[根据语境可知，生活会沿原路返回，向前跳跃并开始另一个故事。story“故事”符合语境。]

Ⅰ.语法填空
Dong Shucheng，49，is an inheritor (传承人) of sugar painting technique.He 1.________ (learn) the art during childhood from his elders.But he didn’t practice it 2.________ three years ago.Because of the 3.________ (fail) of his business，he went back to his roots and started visiting temple fairs and scenic areas in North China，4.________ (make) sugar paintings for a living.Usually，large temple fairs 5.________ (hold) around the Spring Festival，6.________ many people visit.The sugar paintings are so popular that they sell quite well during the holiday.
Sugar paintings are made of 7.________ (melt) brown or white sugar，with which craftsmen can paint 8.________ variety of animals and flowers.However，according to Dong，sugar paintings have no manuscript(原稿).Craftsmen have to create the whole design 9.________ (mental) and finish it at one go.When the sugar cools down，a piece of sugar art is finished.Dong not only makes money by creating sugar painting，he also has 10.________ (dozen) of students because he wants to pass down the handicraft.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了糖画传承人董书城所传承的糖画技艺。
1.learned/learnt　[根据本句的时间状语during childhood“在童年时期”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以需用一般过去时。故填learned/learnt。]
2.until　[not...until...“直到……才”，是固定用法。]
3.failure　[定冠词the后面需用名词形式。故填failure。]
4.making　[本句话的谓语动词是went和started，而所填词前有逗号隔开，因此所填词为非谓语动词，所填词与主语he之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式，作伴随状语。故填making。]
5.are held　[主语temple fairs“庙会”与谓语hold“举办”之间是被动关系，所以需用被动语态；又因本句中的“Usually”表示的是一种经常性的动作，所以需用一般现在时，所以本空需用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are held。]
6.which　[分析句子结构可知，本句话是逗号隔开的非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺宾语，先行词为temple fairs，作visit的宾语，故用which引导。]
7.melted　[此处是非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词sugar，表示“已经融化了的红糖或白糖”，因此非谓语动词用过去分词。故填melted。]
8.a　[a variety of“大量，许多”，是固定搭配。故填a。]
9.mentally　[此处修饰动词create，所以用副词mentally。]
10.dozens　[dozens of“许多的”，是固定搭配。故填dozens。]
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2019·西南名校联盟)
Dear Tom，
As you said in your last letter，the protection of personal information is becoming more and more important.Here I’d like to give you some advices.
First，attaching great importance to this issue; otherwise your identity will be abused and your wealth will suffer a loss.Always remember: once you’ve shared something，you have lost control of it.After you realize it，some people may share things about you，which of course upset you.
Second，you must know when to protect your personal information.For example，never provide your personal information with any strangers or people you know online.If necessarily，you’d better confirm it is for legal use before letting them out.If you receive official-looking email that asks you to send your financial details，you should never reply to as you could become a victim of identity fraud.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案　
Dear Tom，
As you said in your last letter，the protection of personal information is becoming more and more important.Here I’d like to give you some .
First， great importance to this issue; otherwise your identity will be abused and your wealth will suffer a loss.Always remember: once you’ve shared something，you have lost control of it. you realize it，some people may share things about you，which of course you.
Second，you must know to protect your personal information.For example，never provide your personal information any strangers or people you know online.If ，you’d better confirm it is for legal use before letting out.If you receive official-looking email that asks you to send your financial details，you should never reply as you could become a victim of identity fraud.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友David对中国传统文化非常感兴趣，最近他发电子邮件说想来你所在的城市体验一下过春节。请你用英语给他回复，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.介绍你们是怎么过春节的；
3.告知你的打算并征求他的意见。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Hi David，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Best wishes，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Hi__David，
You’re warmly welcome to my city to experience the Spring Festival.
Usually，we give our houses thorough cleaning and decorate them with red couplets and beautifully-designed paper-cuttings before the festival.Gathering for the annual reunion dinner and watching the Spring Festival Gala on New Year’s Eve are too meaningful moments for us Chinese.During the festival，we visit the elder and other relatives to give our greetings and best wishes.
When you are here，I want to invite you to make dumplings，watch beautiful fireworks and dragon dance with us.If time permits，I will show you around our city.I hope you’ll have a happy traditional Chinese New Year here.What do you think about it?
Best__wishes，
Li__Hua