2020版高考英语新设计大一轮译林版讲义：第一部分模块五Unit2

Unit 2　The environment



Ⅰ.单词语境记忆
1.be under debate　　在争论
2.the recycled water 回收利用的水
3.be willing to help others 乐于助人
4.on the decrease 在减少
5.to your own measure 按照你自己的尺寸
6.a range of flowers 大量的鲜花
7.on duty 在值班
8.be particular about food 对食物挑剔
9.require a certain length of work experience 需要一定的工作经验
10.raw material 原材料
Ⅱ.词性转换与派生记忆
1.consultant n.顾问→consult vt.& vi.查阅；请教；商议
2.production n.产量；生产→produce vt.& vi.生产，制造→product n.产品；产物
3.responsibility n.责任，职责→responsible adj.应承担责任的
4.belief n.看法；信念→believe vt.相信
5.environmental adj.环境的→environment n.环境
6.operate vt.& vi.经营；动手术→operation n.操作；经营；手术→operator n.操作员；话务员
7.arrival n.到来，抵达；到达者→arrive vi.到达
8.impress vt.使印象深刻→impression n.印象→impressive adj.给人印象深刻的
9.illegal adj.非法的→legal adj.合法的→illegally adv.非法地
10.appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感激；领会→appreciation n.欣赏
11.electrical adj.电的，用电的→electric adj.电的；用电的；能发电的→electricity n.电；电学；电流→electrician n.电工
12.consume vt.消耗，耗费；消费→consumer n.消费者，用户，顾客→consumption n.消费
13.absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注→absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的；被吸收的→absorption n.专注；吸收
『联想记忆』
1.前缀“re-”动词集锦
①recycle　　　　　　　回收利用
②retell 复述
③recall 回忆起
④refresh 使恢复活力
⑤review 回顾；复习
⑥rebuild 重建
2.可怕的“自然灾害”名词一览
①flood 洪水
②typhoon 台风
③tsunami 海啸
④tornado 龙卷风
⑤sandstorm 沙尘暴
⑥earthquake 地震
⑦eruption (火山)喷发
⑧hurricane 飓风
3.速记“环境”相关词
①environment n. 环境
②environmental adj. 环境的
③pollution n. 污染
④waste n. 废料，垃圾
⑤atmosphere n. 大气层
⑥natural adj. 自然的
⑦haze n. 雾霾
⑧fog n. 雾
4.动词变名词的“不规则变化”
①consume→consumption消费
②receive→reception接待
③describe→description描述
④explain→explanation 解释
⑤pronounce→pronunciation发音
⑥repeat→repetition重复

1.After the flood was over，people flooded into the city.洪水过后，人们涌入城市。
2.It’s a custom to pay for tax in the customs.在海关交税是一个传统。
3.We should pay attention to quality rather than quantity.我们应该关注质量而非数量。

1.open the floor　自由发言
2.cut back on 减少，削减，缩减
3.use up 用尽
4.run out (of) 用完，耗尽
5.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
6.queue up 排队等候
7.pick out 找出，挑选
8.under way 进行中
9.in/with regard to 关于，至于
10.let off 排放
11.in particular 尤其，特别
12.do one’s part 尽自己的职责
13.rely on...for... 依赖……提供……
14.ask around 四处打听
15.blame...on... 把……归咎于……
16.put...in danger 把……置于危险之地
『词块记忆』
1.a business development consultant企业发展顾问
2.hide from their responsibilities逃避责任
3.present their views陈述他们的观点
4.make a final decision做最终决定
5.chemical waste化学废物
6.water pollution水污染
7.keep the Earth clean and healthy保持地球清洁、健康
8.environmental protection环境保护
9.solar energy太阳能
10.eco-friendly washing powder环保型洗衣粉
11.upon the arrival of spring春天一到
12.economic development经济发展

1.With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.
和我一起的，一位是来自绿色地球协会的林水清女士，另一位是商业发展顾问钱力伟先生。
2.The world’s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.
世界人口比1800年已经增长了六倍。
3.I liked it when you told that joke.我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。
4.Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consume，the more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。
5.On taking off his jacket，they found a tortoise.一脱下他的夹克上衣，他们就发现了一只陆龟。
6.There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.
毫无疑问，在最近几年里，世界气候一直在变化。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.“If you build it they will come” is a misleading belief (信念).(2018·江苏高考任务型阅读)
2.Large quantities (数量) of waste water were poured into rivers without being cleaned in the past.
3.It is known that the British are rather particular (讲究的) about table manners.
4.If we recycled (回收利用) more waste，there wouldn’t be so much pollution.
5.His arrival (到来) brought complete silence to the classroom.
6.Most people have come to accept the need for conservation (保护) of natural resources.
7.It is believed that social progress is normally a matter of struggles and conflicts (冲突).
8.Every city in China is doing its best to take measures (措施) to fight against pollution.
9.Non-renewable energy has been decreasing (减少)，so saving energy is so urgent and important.
10.Many companies have to reduce their production(产量) because of the economy crisis.
Ⅱ.词性变化练习
1.I want to express my appreciation (appreciate)to all of my friends for their support.
2.Class means a person’s economic (economy) position in society.
3.A citizen should be filled with a sense of responsibility (responsible)for the nation.
4.You don’t have to sacrifice environmental (environment)protection to promote economic growth.
5.The visitors were impressed with the beauty of the West Lake.They said the natural beauty left a deep impression on them.(impress)
6.We didn’t know how to operate the machine，so we asked the operator to stop it when it was in operation.(operate)
7.Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they’ve already been consumed.This is called rational (合理的) consumption.(consume)
8.Absorbed in his writing，the writer always forgets to eat and drink.His absorption in work is admirable.(absorb)
Ⅲ.选词填空
open the floor，queue up，pick out，do one’s part，under way，run out of，cut back on，clear up
1.Every day we can queue__up at the bus stop to go to work to put the low-carbon lifestyle into practice.
2.It’s reported that investigation into the cause of the accident is under__way.
3.Written in haste，the words in the paper were hard to pick__out.
4.So many places of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply run__out__of time before seeing them all.
5.This concludes our presentation.I would now like to open__the__floor to questions.
6.We should all，therefore，do__our__part to stop polluting the air and help save the world.
7.I’ll send a housemaid to your room and have it cleaned__up for you at once.
8.To make both ends meet，the couple had no choice but to cut__back__on some unnecessary spending.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.On__seeing__the__snake，the girl was very frightened.
一看到那条蛇，小女孩就十分害怕。
2.There__is__no__doubt__that smoking can seriously damage our health.
毫无疑问，吸烟会严重损害我们的健康。
3.I don’t__like__it__when you don’t say what you mean.
我不喜欢你口是心非。
4.The new building now is four__times__what__it__was__in__the__past.
现在的这座新大楼是过去的四倍大。
5.In__front__of__our__house__stands__a__tall__tree with a history of 1，000 years，which is protected by the government now.
在我们房子的前面有一棵1 000年树龄的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。

核心要点突破
1.operate vt.经营，管理；操作 vi.动手术；运转；见效，起作用
(1)operate on＝give/perform an operation on
　　　　　　　　　　　给……动手术
(2)operation n. 运作；经营；手术
bring/put...into operation 使……运作/转；实施
come/go into operation 实施，开始生效
in operation 在运行/转中，起作用
(3)operator n. 操作人员；技工
单句语法填空
①Having seen the X-ray，the doctor decided to operate on the patient.
②It’s announced that the new regulations will come into operation next Sunday.
[佳句背诵] This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(辽宁高考单选)
这台机器很容易操作。任何人几分钟就学会。
2.quantity n.数量
a large/small quantity of　　　　　　　大/少量的
(large) quantities of 大量的
in quantity＝in large amounts＝in large quantities
大量地
单句语法填空/句型转换
①We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.
②A large quantity of good earth is__washed (wash) away in this area every year.
→Large quantities of good earth are__washed (wash) away in this area every year.
[佳句背诵] A large quantity of people tend to consult consumption ratings whatever they purchase.(2018·江苏高考书面表达)
无论买什么，很多人倾向于参考消费排名。
[名师指津] 含quantity的短语作主语时，其谓语动词与quantity的单复数保持一致。
3.impress vt.使印象深刻；盖印；使铭记，使牢记
(1)impress sb with sth　　某事给某人留下印象
impress sth on/upon sb/one’s memory
使某人铭记某事
be impressed with/at/by... 对……有深刻印象
(2)impression n. 印象；印记
leave/make a(n)...impression on sb
给某人留下……的印象
(3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的
单句语法填空
①Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.
②The professor impressed the importance of having a sense of humor on his students.
③It is especially important to make a good first impression (impress) at a job interview.
[佳句背诵] Last week，a group of international students who visited our school，were impressed with our tea-drinking culture.(2018·江苏高考书面表达)
上周，一伙国际学生参观了我们学校，对我们的喝茶文化有深刻印象。
4.decrease vt.& vi.& n.减少
(1)decrease to　　　　减少到
decrease by 减少了
(2)on the decrease 在减少
(a) decrease in sth 某物减少
单句语法填空
①The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last year.
②It’s reported that the number of violent crimes is on the decrease.
[佳句背诵] This switch has decreased pollution in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)
这种转变降低了该国主要湖泊和水库的污染。
[名师指津] decrease to 后接数字，表示“下降到……”；decrease by 后接分数、百分数或其他表示数量的词，表示“下降了……”，有同样用法的词还有grow及increase。
5.measure n.措施，方法；尺度 vt.测量；估量，判定linking verb(指尺寸、长、宽、高等)量度为
take measures (to do sth)　　采取措施(做某事)
make...to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸做……
单句语法填空
①He was so fat that all his clothes had to be made __to his measure.
②The new bridge，measuring (measure) twice as long as the old one，is due to be completed next month.
[佳句背诵] The number of them is less than 1，000，so I hope you can take some effective measures to protect them.(重庆高考写作)
它们的数量少于1 000，因此我希望你们能采取有效措施保护他们。
[名师指津] measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时，若此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。
6.range n.(变动)范围，幅度；一系列；分类；射程；山脉 vt.& vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序
(1)in/within range of　　 在……范围内
beyond/out of range (of) 超出/不在(……的)范围
a wide range of 许多
(2)range from...to... 从……到……变化/不等
range between...and... 在……之间变动
单句语法填空
①The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.
②When driving on highways，the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60 km/h and 120 km/h.
[佳句背诵] After class students take part in a wide range of activities in the stadium.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
课后同学们在体育馆参加许多活动。
7.appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会，理解
(1)I will/would appreciate it if...
　　　　　　　　　如果……，我将非常感激
appreciate (one’s/sb) doing sth
感激(某人)做某事
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感谢
express/convey/show...appreciation to sb
对某人表达……的感谢
单句语法填空
①I’d appreciate your writing (write) me back as soon as possible.
②Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) for helping me find the lost suitcase.
[佳句背诵] I would appreciate it if you could give me a chance to work as a volunteer.(2018·浙江高考书面表达)
如果你能给我机会当志愿者，我将感激不尽。
8.particular adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的
(1)be particular about　　对……讲究/挑剔
in particular 尤其，特别
(2)particularly adv. 尤其，特别
单句语法填空
①The boy likes anything to do with nature in particular.
②We are particularly (particular) grateful to him for his timely help.
[佳句背诵] She has already tried her best.Please don’t be too particular about her job.(江西高考单选)
她已经尽力了，请不要对她的工作太挑剔。
9.absorb vt.吸收(气体、液体、热、光等)；理解；使全神贯注
(1)absorb knowledge/information
　　　　　　　　　　　掌握知识/信息
absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb...into... 把……吸入……
(2)absorbed adj. 被吸引住的，入迷的
get/be absorbed in... 全神贯注于……
be absorbed into... 并入，融入，吸纳
单句语法填空/一句多译
①It takes a few minutes to absorb alcohol into the bloodstream.
②一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他专心致志于读书中。(福建高考书面表达)
→A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he absorbed__himself__in__his__reading.
→A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was__absorbed__in__his__reading.
[佳句背诵] Absorbed in practising English，I have developed fluency in spoken English.(2018·浙江高考书面表达)
我专心于练习英语，我的英语口语非常流利。
10.responsibility n.责任，职责
(1)have the responsibility to do...
　　　　　　有责任/有义务做……
bear/take the responsibility for
承担对……的责任，为……负责
a sense of responsibility
责任感
(2)responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的
be responsible for 应对……负责；对……有责任
单句语法填空
①The government plans to make new laws forcing parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
②Last but not least，it’s everyone’s responsibility to__make (make) good use of water.
[佳句背诵] He is responsible for his work and glad to help students any time.
他对他的工作很负责并且乐意随时帮助学生们。
11.cut back on 减少，削减，缩减
cut down on　　　削减，减少，缩减
cut off 切断(供应)；中断(电话通话等)
cut down 砍倒
cut out 删除；裁剪
cut up 切碎；伤心
cut in 插嘴；干预
完成句子
①It is our duty to try to cut__back__on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.
尽量削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量是我们的责任。
②We were__cut__off in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cell phone was out of power.
我们在电话里谈到一半，电话就断了，因为我的手机没电了。
③It is bad manners for you to always cut__in when other people are talking.
别人谈话时你老是插嘴是不礼貌的。
[佳句背诵] Immediate actions should be taken，like stopping cutting down trees to better the environment.(江苏高考书面表达)
应当马上采取措施，像停止砍伐树木来使环境变得更好。
12.run out (of)用完，耗尽
run short of　　缺乏；快用完
run into 撞进；遭遇；达到
run across 偶然遇到；穿过
run after 追求；追赶；追逐
完成句子/句型转换
①I unexpectedly ran__across him in the street the other day.前几天我在街上出乎意料地遇见了他。
②The boy’s money ran out so he had to ask his parents for help.
→The boy ran__out__of his money so he had to ask his parents for help.
[佳句背诵] Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out.We must act immediately before there’s none left.(重庆高考单选)
洪水灾区食物供应快用完了。我们必须在没有剩余之前立即行动。
[名师指津] 辨析run out，run out of，give out，use up
run out
用完，耗尽，不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等
run out of
用完，及物动词短语，其主语一般为人
give out
耗尽，用完，不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物
use up
用光，用完，及物动词短语，其主语一般为人
选用上述词语填空
③According to the rule of the competition，we have to use__up/run__out__of all the items before the time runs__out.However，it is a long and tiring process.As a result，that day，long before I ran__out__of/used__up the time given by the judge，my strength had given__out.What a disappointment!
13.pick out 找出，挑选；辨认出，区分；领会，弄明白
[一词多义] 写出下列句中pick out的含义
①She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.挑选
②There were so many people at the conference that I couldn’t pick him out.辨认出
③Having read the passage many times，I finally picked out its main idea.领会
pick up　　拿起，捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然)学会；用车接；收听到；好转；感染
pick off 摘掉；摘下来
完成句子
④It is surprising that your brother picked__up Russian so quickly—he hasn’t lived there very long.
令人惊奇的是，你弟弟如此快就学会说俄语了——他在那儿生活的时间并不长。
14.I liked it when...
I liked it when you told that joke.(教材原句)
我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。
句中like是及物动词，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的从句。
(1)英语中在表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句，而要用形式宾语it，然后再加宾语从句，这样的动词有：appreciate，enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer等
(2)一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语然后加宾语从句，常见的动词短语有：depend on，rely on，see to (确保)等
①Teenagers hate it when their parents go through their things.
青少年讨厌家长翻他们的东西。
②People dislike it when you throw rubbish everywhere.
人们不喜欢你到处扔垃圾。
③Please see to it that you bring enough money when you travel.
当你旅行时，请务必带够钱。
15.the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consume，the more carbon we are letting off.(教材原句)
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。
句中运用了“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构。用法如下：
(1)意为“越……，就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化
(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句
(3)本结构可以用省略形式
①The more you practise，the better you will speak English.
你英语练得越多，就会说得越好。
②The__less the teacher does，the__more the students do and the__more they will learn.
老师做得越少，学生做得越多，他们学到的就越多。
③The more__difficult (difficult) the questions are，the less__likely(likely) he is able to answer them.
问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。
考纲词汇专练
Ⅰ.多义词专练——选择语境中词汇的含义
1.operate
A.操作　B.见效，起作用　C.动手术　D.经营　E.运转
①The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.(2018·北京高考阅读D)A
②They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.D
③The old woman has to be operated on her leg at once.C
④The machine operates quite efficiently.E
⑤The medicine will operate in ten minutes.B
2.flood
A.n.洪水，水灾　B.n.大批，大量　C.vi.泛滥　D.vt.(被)淹没　E.vt.大量涌入　F.vi.涌上心头
①Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)F
②Floods in Zhejiang this year caused a lot of deaths.A
③Three days of heavy rain flooded many Eastern cities.D
④If a river floods，it is too full and spreads water over the land around it.C
⑤Floods of people come to the West Lake to admire the beautiful scenery every year.B
⑥Letters came flooding in from the viewers.E
Ⅱ.微阅读——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1.During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ完形)学分
2.False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.(2018·天津高考阅读A)违法的
3.These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被)，which reduced plant diversity in the park.
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)消耗
Ⅲ.微完形——根据语境选出正确选项
1.There existed an obvious __①__ between the accounts of the witness，so a judgement was not announced in court.The judges’ smart action left a deep __②__ on the the people present.
①A.association B.authority
C.conflict D.restriction
②A.expression B.impression
C.contribution D.description
答案　①C　②B
2.So it’s our duty to try to cut back on production.We should try to find ways of __①__ our waste.Sometimes human beings are so __②__ that they are not satisfied with what they have，and we should take responsibilities to protect our environment.
①A.consuming B.recycling
C.absorbing D.pumping
②A.greedy B.raw
C.economic D.illegal
答案　①B　②A

Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考常考
1.On arrival (arrive) at the hotel，please call me as soon as possible.
2.This hall to be built is four times what it was two years ago.
3.Impressed (impress) by the young man’s honest speech，they offered him a good post.
4.Electronic cards are environmentally (environment) friendly，so why not use them?
5.I hold the opinion that the passengers ought to queue up for the bus rather than rush to it in a crowd.
6.I would like to express my appreciation (appreciate) and thanks to you all.
7.China’s first aircraft carrier，measuring (measure) about 304 metres，was handed over to the PLA navy in 2012.
8.Deserts also created because people cut down trees and dug up grass.
9.I hate it when you don’t say what you are thinking.
10.As a result of destroying the forests，large quantities of desert have__covered (cover) the land so far.
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1.When driven (drive) out of home by his stepmother，he decided not to be back forever.
2.The last few years have__seen (see)environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come.
3.His house caught (catch) fire yesterday，because he went (go) out but left (leave) the stove burning in the kitchen.
4.When they heard (hear)this，the whole class burst (burst)into laughter and my deskmate’s face turned red.
5.The first time we __lost (lose) the match，we all felt (feel)very depressed，because we had all been devoted to making full preparations for it.
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错易混
1.Absorbing in her work，she didn’t realize it was time for her to pick up her daughter.Absorbing→Absorbed
2.The bridge measured as long as 200 meters needs repairing.measured→measuring
3.It’s important for him to have a operation as soon as possible.a→an
4.A large quantity of air-conditioners have been sold since the temperature is high.have→has
5.They had to return from the hiking in the desert，for their food almost ran out of.去掉of
6.Their account of the event was in the conflict with ours.去掉第二个the
Ⅳ.根据语境判断加黑词的正确含义——熟词生义
A.兼并　　B.估量　　C.做手术　　D.运转
1.It is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.B
2.It’s said that the company absorbed some small ones abroad.A
3.People were trapped between floors because the lift didn’t operate properly.D


Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A new study has identified pollution as the world’s No.1 killer.Study organizers say pollution is responsible for more premature deaths than war，terrorism，natural disasters，smoking and disease.By saying premature death，the researchers mean dying before the average age of death within a population group.Many of these deaths can be prevented.
A report on the study was published in the medical journal The Lancet.The researchers looked at pollution levels，both inside enclosed(封闭的) buildings and in the world around us.They concluded that pollution killed about 9 million people in 2015.That would represent one of every six deaths worldwide.
Karti Sandilya helped to prepare the report.He said，“Pollution damages fundamental human rights，such as the right to life，health，well-being，safe work as well as the protection of children and the most vulnerable (易受伤害的).”
The report said the large majority of pollution-related deaths take place in developing countries.The researchers say leaders in those countries are more concerned about building their economies and public services than environmental controls.Some of the most affected countries are Bangladesh，China，Haiti，India，Pakistan，North Korea and South Sudan.
But Richard Fuller，another writer of the report，said pollution is tied to slow economic development in both rich and poor nations.He said，“Finance ministers still hold firmly that you have to let industry pollute or else you won’t develop.What people don’t realize is that people who are sick or dead cannot contribute to the economy.They need to be looked after.”
The report said that 9 million premature deaths a year is only a conservative figure.It said the actual number is likely to be much higher.
A separate study by the World Bank said reducing pollution must be a top goal.It said that settling this problem would lead to approaches to other dangers，including poor nutrition(营养) and rising temperatures on Earth’s surface.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，污染是当今世界的第一大杀手，减少污染必须成为人类的首要目标。
1.Which is mainly to blame for pollution according to the report?
A.Poor countries. B.Rich countries.
C.Common people. D.The government.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容可知，污染无论在贫穷国家还是富有国家都是存在的，而在国家层面上，为污染负主要责任的是政府。]
2.What does this research find?
A.Pollution is serious in both rich and poor countries.
B.Premature deaths cannot be prevented worldwide.
C.Pollution has something to do with slow development.
D.Pollution has caused more premature deaths than expected.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文章的第四、五两段特别是第五段第一句“But Richard Fuller，another writer of the report，said pollution is tied to slow economic development in both rich and poor nations”可知，应选C项。]
3.Why is “a separate study” mentioned in the last paragraph?
A.To provide more information about pollution.
B.To make the findings of the first study more convincing.
C.To offer more specific approaches to dealing with pollution.
D.To emphasize the relationship between pollution and global warming.
答案　B　[推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了污染是当今世界的第一大杀手这一事实以及存在的错误观念，而文中最后一段中的“A separate study by the World Bank said reducing pollution must be a top goal”也正暗示了这一事实的严重性和解决此问题的紧迫性，所以可推断出“A separate study”在这里的作用是使上文提到的研究更加具有说服力。]
4.Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage?
A.Pollution Is the World’s Number One Killer
B.Pollution Is Becoming Increasingly Serious
C.What Makes Pollution Increasingly Serious
D.How People Deal with Pollution Worldwide
答案　A　[标题判断题。文章开头的第一句“A new study has identified pollution as the world’s No.1 killer”指出污染是当今世界的第一大杀手，接下来谈到的与污染相关的其他方面也都是围绕污染对人类生命造成威胁这一主题展开的。故答案为A。]
B

In the spring of 2010，on the radio show “The Story”，I heard the tale of a British couple who lived trash-free.I walked home from my lab at the University of Michigan and thought I could do better—I’d live trash-and recycling-free.And just like that，I began an experiment in individual activism in the face of large environmental problems.
To make it work，I had to get creative.When a restaurant furnished a napkin-wrapped(用餐巾纸包住的)fork and knife，I asked the server to exchange them.I’d remember to say“No straw！”after asking for water.I carried a fork，a spoon，a plate and a bowl everywhere I went，just in case a student even served food but provided only plastic to eat with.
In many ways，though，my life didn’t change much.I had grown up in a poor neighborhood in India，where I was accustomed to consuming as little as possible.If I thought I really needed something，I’d wait a week before buying it.It turns out I never bought those things，which means I never needed them.Compared with the way so many others live，it wasn’t much of a hardship.
The hardest part was figuring out the best way to talk about what I was doing.It was much harder to ex-plain all that than it would have been simply to announce myself as a vegetarian，for instance.Sometimes I failed，and a few skeptics wrote me off as a tree-hugger.But I think such remarks are an easy way to deflect(转移) tough questions about how to live more gently on Earth.More often，though，people gave me their support.The experiment inspired others to undertake similar experiments on their own for a week or a month.A couple of friends are now doing it for a year.
In focusing on my choices through trash，I learned to be more present in my choices，and I learned what is important to me，regardless of what others think.And amazingly，my quality of life improved.What began as a one-year experiment ultimately lasted two and a half years.I still have with me the single bag used for all 30 months’ worth of trash and recycling.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。作者受一对英国夫妇的影响开始试验过无垃圾的生活，并从中受益匪浅。
5.What caused the author to carry out his experiment?
A.His job type.
B.A programme.
C.His poor neighborhood.
D.A talk with a British couple.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据首段中的on the radio show“The Story，”I heard the tale of a British couple who lived trash-free和thought I could do better—I’d live trash-and recycling-free可知，是一档电台节目让作者开始了自己的试验。]
6.What did the author say about his experiment?
A.It was simple and interesting.
B.It completely changed his life.
C.It benefited from his past habits.
D.It caused great hardship for him.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的I had grown up...as little as possible可知，作者在过去就已经养成了勤俭节约的好习惯，这在一定程度上利于试验的开展。]
7.How did the author look at the critics?
A.They cared more about ideas than actions.
B.They put unnecessary tough questions to him.
C.They knew little about preserving the environment.
D.They were avoiding responsibility for the environment.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的But I think...more gently on Earth可知，作者认为这些怀疑他的人之所以认为他所做的并不重要是为了转移对于环境问题的思考，实际上就是不想承担保护环境的重任。]
8.What did the author learn from his experiment?
A.Respect others’ opinions.
B.Improve the quality of life.
C.Value the important things in life.
D.Make choices based on real needs.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据末段中的I learned to be...is important to me再结合第三段中的if I thought I...never needed them可知，作者在为期两年半的试验中学到要根据实际需要来做决定。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
As a child，I started learning to play the piano，my favorite musical __1__，but I was forced to give up when I started my middle school __2__ I could concentrate more on my studies.
It’s one of my biggest __3__ to stop practicing the piano when I recall sadly today.During the following years，I kept telling my piano teacher that I would __4__.However，I didn’t keep my promise because I was __5__ with my study.__6__ I lost touch with my teacher.Some years later，my teacher died.I was very sad because I lost such a good teacher.She was a very warm and gentle person.It hurts me to think she may have been __7__ that I never returned.I haven’t taken lessons since then but to be honest，I __8__ to.Sitting at the piano，I couldn’t help recalling many __9__—times of my practising at home and playing before my teacher and one time my teacher __10__ me after I played entire pieces of music wrong in front of her colleagues.I was so __11__ that I could hardly say anything.But her __12__ helped me ease my shame.These memories，__13__，good or bad，never caused my __14__ for playing the piano again.
This thought then led me to think that __15__ is like music，and that we all try to play different __16__ in the instrument of our life.Sometimes the pitch (音高) is __17__ when we play it well，but sometimes we are out of tone.However，we all continue to create our own __18__ style of music.No matter what style our music is，it is __19__ that we sing the songs of joy，quietness and love.Though I may never make it back to piano lessons，it doesn’t __20__ that I’ve stopped making music.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章借作者学习弹钢琴的经历告诉我们：人生就像音乐，无论我们的音乐风格是干什么，唱出自己的歌是最重要的，并且要唱出自己的那份快乐，平静和热爱。
1.A.instrument B.performance
C.room D.stage
答案　A　[根据常识可知，前面的“piano”是一种乐器，因此这里是说钢琴是作者最喜欢的乐器。instrument“乐器；仪器”符合语境。]
2.A.in that B.so that
C.now that D.except that
答案　B　[“我能专心学习”是补充说明“我被迫放弃学习钢琴”的结果，so that“以至于，以便”，引导目的状语从句，故选B。in that“因为”；now that“既然”；except that“除了”均不符合语境。]
3.A.successes B.regrets
C.decisions D.hobbies
答案　B　[根据下文中的“recall sadly”可知，作者非常遗憾自己放弃了练钢琴。regret“后悔，遗憾”，故选B。]
4.A.play B.graduate
C.leave D.return
答案　D　[根据下文7空后的“that I never returned”提示可知，作者告诉钢琴老师自己会重新回来练琴的。故选D。]
5.A.occupied B.angry
C.satisfied D.patient
答案　A　[根据空前的“I didn’t keep my promise”可知，作者一直忙于学习，没有履行自己的承诺。be occupied with“忙于某事”；be angry with“对……生气”；be patient with“对……耐心”；be satisfied with“对……满意”。故选A。]
6.A.Actually B.Constantly
C.Suddenly D.Gradually
答案　D　[根据上文可知，作者告诉钢琴老师自己会重新回来练琴，但是一直忙于学习，没有履行自己的承诺，因此此处是指作者逐渐和钢琴老师失去联系。actually“事实上”；constantly“不断地”；suddenly“突然地”；gradually“逐渐地”。故选D。]
7.A.astonished B.glad
C.disappointed D.amazed
答案　C　[作者向老师承诺回去练琴，但是却没有回去，因此老师对于自己没有回去练钢琴可能很失望。disappointed“失望的”符合语境。]
8.A.liked B.needed
C.wanted D.decided
答案　C　[根据下文作者回忆向老师学习弹钢琴的时光可以看出作者从那以后再也没有上过钢琴课，但是他很想去。故选C。]
9.A.dreams B.expressions
C.words D.memories
答案　D　[根据语境及下文13空前的“These memories”提示可知，作者在回忆以前练钢琴的时光。故选D。]
10.A.instructed B.hurt
C.punished D.respected
答案　A　[根据下文可知，作者在老师的同事面前把曲子弹错了。由此可推出老师是在指导作者练习。instruct“教导，指导”符合语境。]
11.A.frightened B.moved
C.embarrassed D.excited
答案　C　[根据语境可知，作者在老师的同事面前弹错了琴，因此应是感到很尴尬。embarrassed“尴尬的”符合语境。]
12.A.happiness B.satisfaction
C.comfort D.sigh
答案　C　[根据空后的“helped me ease my shame”可知，老师安慰了作者。comfort“安慰”符合语境。]
13.A.instead B.meanwhile
C.therefore D.however
答案　D　[上文提到了作者回忆，有美好的，也有尴尬的，因此这里进行转折。句意：然而，这些回忆，无论是好的还是坏的，并没有使我获得重新弹钢琴的勇气。故选D。]
14.A.hope B.courage
C.feeling D.effort
答案　B　[这些美好回忆，无论是好的还是坏的，并没有使我获得重新弹钢琴的勇气(courage)。]
15.A.life B.learning
C.attitude D.enjoyment
答案　A　[根据下文中“the instrument of our life”提示可知，这里作者是将生活比喻为音乐。故选A。]
16.A.cards B.sports
C.roles D.games
答案　C　[根据下文“the pitch”提示可知，作者认为我们都在生活这个乐器上扮演着不同的音色。play a role in “扮演……角色，起……作用”，为固定短语。故选C。]
17.A.hard B.wonderful
C.surprising D.complex
答案　B　[根据“well”提示可知，当我们弹得好时，音高是非常美妙的。wonderful“美妙的，精彩的”，符合语境。]
18.A.unique B.boring
C.common D.similar
答案　A　[根据前文“create our own”可知，我们每个人都在努力弹奏自己独特的生命之歌。unique“独特的”符合语境。]
19.A.necessary B.strange
C.possible D.important
答案　D　[作者认为不管什么风格的音乐，重要的是我们唱出自己的那份快乐、那份平静与那份对生活的热爱。important“重要的”符合语境。]
20.A.matter B.mean
C.report D.appear
答案　B　[作者认为虽然自己没有能够重新弹钢琴，但是并不意味着作者停止创造自己的生命之歌。mean“意味着”符合语境。]

Ⅰ.语法填空
In my early twenties，I worked in Kuwait (科威特) for several years.One day，a local workmate warned us of a 1.________ (come)sandstorm.I had never seen what a sandstorm looked like 2.________ I told him I wanted to go out just to see it for myself.I received an 3.________ (amaze)look because he thought I was crazy.A Chinese workmate joined me.We stepped off our factory building 4.________ our eyes half closed，our mouths closed and our faces covered.We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even 5.________ (far).
Passing through several streets，we saw no one but only rubbish here and there.An hour later，I still couldn’t bear to keep my eyes 6.________ (wide) open.It was time for dinner and 7.________ was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.So we went inside a small shop，8.________ I could clearly see sand on the floor and bought some food.I was happy that 9.________ sandstorm stopped afterwards and we finally returned to our factory，safe.This was the first time I 10.________ (experience)sandstorms and I don’t ever want to be in one again.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者和一位中国同事不顾其他同事的劝告走出工厂去体验沙尘暴的经历。
1.coming　[空处修饰名词sandstorm，故用形容词形式，此处表示“即将到来的沙尘暴”。coming为形容词，意为“即将来临的”。]
2.so/and　[句意：我从来没有看过沙尘暴是什么样子，(所以)我告诉他我要出去亲自看看。根据空处语境可知，空处前后句间为并列关系或因果关系。]
3.amazed　[空处修饰名词“look”，形容人的表情，故用amazed。]
4.with　[根据空后的“our eyes half closed，our mouths closed and our faces covered”可知，该句使用了with的复合结构“with sth done”。]
5.farther　[根据该句中的“even”可知，此处表示“我们决定走得更远一点”，故用far的比较级。]
6.wide　[空处修饰形容词open，故用副词形式；wide表示具体的含义“宽阔地”，还可指“(门、眼睛等)大开地，睁大地。”注意：此处不能填widely，widely主要表示抽象含义“广泛地”。]
7.it　[句中that引导的从句为真正的主语，空处是形式主语，故用it。]
8.where　[该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为shop，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。]
9.the　[该处特指上文提及的sandstorm，故用定冠词the。]
10.had experienced　[根据“This was the first time”可知，从句用过去完成时。]
Ⅱ.短文改错
Two weeks before，my family hosted an exchange student calling Jack and we tasted Beijing Roast Duck in Quanjude.When we arrived at the gate，Jack paid much attentions to its architecture.Meanwhile，I introduced to her the long history of Beijing Roast Duck，what made Jack more eager to have a try.After entering into the dining hall，we immediately ordered an all-duck banquet.With just one bite，Jack fell in love and shared with us taste of its delicious meat.We are glad that he loved it and talked happy over the whole dinner.This meal left Jack a deep impression but inspired his love for Chinese food.
答案　
Two weeks ，my family hosted an exchange student Jack and we tasted Beijing Roast Duck in Quanjude.When we arrived at the gate，Jack paid much to its architecture.Meanwhile，I introduced to the long history of Beijing Roast Duck， made Jack more eager to have a try.After entering the dining hall，we immediately ordered an all-duck banquet.With just one bite，Jack fell in love and shared with us taste of its delicious meat.We glad that he loved it and talked over the whole dinner.This meal left Jack a deep impression inspired his love for Chinese food.
Ⅲ.书面表达
(2019·抚顺高三一模)假定你是李华，你校将举办主题为“中国国粹——京剧”的宣传活动。请给你的外教Henry写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.活动内容：讲座、现场表演等。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Dear Henry，
How is everything going? I’m writing to invite you to participate in an activity themed Beijing Opera to be held at 9 a.m.next Tuesday in the school lecture hall.
At the beginning of the activity，we will listen to a speech on the history of Beijing Opera which is delivered by a famous artist.After that，there will be a live performance of Beijing Opera.The artists dressed in costumes will perform various stories that happened in the history of China by singing，dancing and playing martial arts.Besides，methods of drawing facial makeup will be taught on the spot，so you can try your hand.Would you like to go with me?
I would appreciate it if you could give me an early reply.
Yours truly，
Li Hua