2020版高考英语新设计大一轮译林版讲义：第一部分模块四Unit2

Unit 2　Sports events



Ⅰ.单词语境记忆
1.a gold medal 　一块金牌
2.the first attempt 第一次尝试
3.remove his clothes 脱去衣服
4.women’s gymnastics 女子体操
5.miss the goal 射偏球门
6.the contemporary Olympics 现代奥运会
7.the development of transport 交通运输的发展
8.a tight budget 紧张的预算
9.a modern stadium 一个现代化的体育场
10.value the precious time 珍惜宝贵的时间
Ⅱ.词性转换与派生记忆
1.delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的→delight n.高兴 v.使高兴
2.significance n.重要性，意义→significant adj.有重大意义的
3.compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n.比赛；竞争→competitive adj.竞争的，竞赛的→competitor n.比赛者；竞赛者
4.absence n.缺席，不在场；不存在→absent adj.缺席的，缺少的，心不在焉的→present adj.到场的，出席的
5.association n.协会，社团；关联；联想→associate vt.联想，使发生联系→associated adj.相关的，关联的
6.origin n.起源，起因；出身→original adj.原来的，起初的
7.power n.力量；能量；权力；影响力；统治vt.驱动，提供动力→powerful adj.强有力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的
8.excite vt.使激动，使兴奋→excited adj.兴奋的，激动的→exciting adj.令人激动的，使人兴奋的→excitement n.兴奋，激动
9.honour n.尊敬；荣幸；荣誉vt.尊敬，尊重→honourable adj.光荣的，可敬的→honoured adj.(指人)受人尊敬的，感到荣幸的
10.tradition n.传统；风俗→traditional adj.传统的
11.nation n.国家，民族；全体国民→national adj.国家的→nationality n.国籍
12.technique n.技术，工艺，技巧→technical adj.技术的；工艺的→technology n.技术；科技
13.unfair adj.不公正的，不公平的→fair adj.公平的
14.frequent adj.频繁的，经常发生的→frequently adv.屡次；频繁地→frequency n.频率，频繁
15.champion n.冠军，优胜者→championship n.锦标赛；冠军地位
16.boxing n.拳击运动→boxer n.拳击手→box n.盒子，箱子
17.unusual adj.特别的，不寻常的→usual adj.平常的
18.outdoors adv.往户外，在户外→indoors (反义词)在室内；往室内
『联想记忆』
1.各种“校园设施”
①stadium n.　　　　　　体育场
②library n. 图书馆
③gym hall n. 体操馆
④canteen n. 餐厅，食堂
⑤dormitory n. 宿舍，公寓
⑥laboratory n. 实验室
2.慧眼识别“形似词”
①
②
③
④
3.形形色色“体育人”
①player n. 球员，运动员
②athlete n. 运动员
③coach n. 教练
④referee n. 裁判
4.“联系”高频名词荟萃
①link 联系，沟通
②touch 接触，联系
③contact 联系，接触
④relation 关系，联系
⑤connection 联系，联络
⑥association 联系，协会
5.由“champion”想到的
①first place 冠军
②second place 亚军
③third place 季军
④competitor 选手
⑤opponent/rival 对手
⑥grand slam 大满贯
6.否定前缀“un-”形容词小结
①unusual 不寻常的
②unwise 不明智的
③unknown 不知名的
④unfortunate 不幸的
⑤unkind 不仁慈的
⑥unreal 不真实的
⑦unopened 未打开的
⑧uncomfortable 不舒服的

1.He tried to use a tie to tie the horse to the tree，but failed.
他试图用一个领带把马拴在那棵树上，但是失败了。
2.Our monitor is monitoring the movement of the object through a monitor.
我们的班长在通过屏幕监视这个物体的运动。
3.Having been hired for five months，he was fired by the boss.被雇佣了五个月之后，他被老板解雇了。

1.by tradition　　　 按照传统
2.take part in 参加
3.in honour of 为向……表示敬意
4.bring...back to life 使……重生
5.side by side 共同；肩并肩
6.lead the way 领先；带路
7.hang on (在逆境中)坚持
8.look forward to 盼望，期望
9.guess what 猜猜看，你猜怎么着
10.come up with 提出
11.look out for 当心，小心
12.be similar to 与……相似
13.knock over 打翻，撞倒
14.make way for 给……让路，让位于……
15.apply to 适用于，应用于
16.pass sth on (to sb) 转交，传给，递给
17.keep a close watch on... 密切关注……
18.by accident 偶然，意外地
『词块记忆』
1.share some interesting facts and stories分享一些有趣的事实和故事
2.light the Olympic flame点燃奥运圣火
3.for the first time in history历史上首次
4.match its past glory映衬过去的辉煌
5.live side by side in peace和平地生活在一起
6.make a travel plan制定旅游计划
7.send you a postcard 送你一张明信片
8.host the Olympics举办奥运会
9.provide first-class training grounds提供一流训练场地
10.speak at least a little English至少讲一点儿英语
11.my favourite TV programme我最喜欢的电视节目
12.do some exercises as a preparation 做些预备活动

1.Today，both male and female athletes from around the world can take part，no matter what nation they come from.
如今，世界各地的男女运动员都能参加竞赛，不管他们来自哪个国家。
2.It was a Frenchman，Pierre de Coubertin，who brought the Olympics back to life.
让奥运会得以重生的是法国人皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦。
3.He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace.
他梦想着奥运会可以让各国人民和平相处。
4.I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.
我相信，当许海峰为自己的祖国赢得第一枚金牌时，整个中国一定都为之骄傲。
5.The Eagles went home angry and bitter because they did not win the tournament.
鹰队在锦标赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。
6.Many players believe table tennis is not only a physical game but a psychological game as well.
许多运动员认为，乒乓球不仅是一项体能运动，而且也是一项精神运动。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.They are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport(交通运输).
2.I’ve been asked to chair the committee (委员会) the next year.
3.As soon as she learns the office routine (常规)，she will be an excellent assistant.
4.Her major shortcoming was that she had a complete absence (缺乏) of small talk.
5.If we budget (预算) carefully，we should be able to afford a holiday this year.
6.You should make good use of every precious (珍贵的) minute to study.
7.His previous attempts (尝试) had been unsuccessful.But he didn’t lose heart.
8.It’s unfair(不公平的) of you to judge all young people in the same way.
9.Does the referee (裁判员) have the power to send him off the field?
10.The doll is very precious(珍贵的) to me because it was my mother’s.
Ⅱ.词性变化练习
1.The mother was delighted (delight)to learn that her son was admitted to the Tsinghua University.
2.He had a pain in the back，which reminded him of the unusual (usual)experience.
3.The discovery of new gas field in South China sea is of great significance (significant)to our country’s economy.
4.When you start to build up a store of vocabulary，it is important to use it frequently (frequent).
5.Toby is absent from my class again; his constant absence has caught my attention.(absent)
6.The typist learned the technique of typing in that technical school.(technique)
7.The competition is very fierce—hundreds of competitors are competing for 56 medals，so I regret having taken part in this competitive game.(compete)
8.I was excited to know that Beijing was the city to host the 2022 Winter Olympics.When I told my brother about it，he jumped with excitement.(excite)
Ⅲ.选词填空
look forward to，side by side，hang on，in honour of，make way for，knock over，be similar to，lead the way
1.Their problem today is__similar__to what they faced many years ago.
2.He knocked__over a bottle of ink carelessly and ruined the table cloth.
3.The professor felt it a great honour to be asked to speak at the meeting held in__honour__of the school’s birthday.
4.Do you know the two men sitting behind the desk side__by__side?
5.There are three more weeks to go before the NMET.Don’t let the air out and hang__on.
6.I had worked hard all day at the office，and I was looking__forward__to a relaxing evening at home.
7.But for the Indian boy who led__the__way，I would have got lost in the jungle.
8.The world makes__way__for a man who knows where he is going.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.No__matter__what__reasons you may have，you should carry out your promise.
无论你有什么理由，你都应遵守你的诺言。
2.His decision made__it__possible__for__us__to__finish__the__work by four o’clock this afternoon.
他的决定使我们有可能在今天下午四点以前完成工作。
3.It__was__she__who/that told him about the competition and encouraged him to go for it.
正是她告诉他这个竞赛并鼓励他参加的。
4.He not__only__took__me__home__but__came__the__next__day to see if I had recovered as well.
他不仅送我回家，而且第二天来看我是否康复了。
5.To our relief，the missing child returned home ten days later，tired__but__healthy.
让我们感到宽慰的是，那个迷路的小孩子十天后返回了家里，疲惫不堪却很健康。

核心要点突破
1.delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的，快乐的
(1)be delighted to do sth　　很高兴做某事
be delighted at/with/by sth 对某事感到高兴
(2)delight n. [U]快乐，高兴[C]使人高兴的事
vt.& vi. (使)高兴，以……为乐
take delight in 以……为乐
to one’s delight 令某人(极为)高兴的是
单句语法填空/句型转换
①People still take delight in talking about the legendary story.
②I was delighted that I was chosen to attend the opening ceremony.
→I was delighted to__be__chosen to attend the opening ceremony.
→To__my__delight，I was chosen to attend the opening ceremony.
[佳句背诵] I am very delighted to tell you something about the College Entrance Examination.(四川高考书面表达)
我非常高兴告诉你有关高考的事情。
2.compete vi.比赛；竞争
(1)compete with/against　与……竞争
compete for 为了……而参加比赛
compete in 参加……的比赛或竞争
compete to do 竞争做某事
(2)competition n. 竞争，比赛
competitor n. 比赛者，竞争者
competitive adj. 竞争的；比赛的
单句语法填空/句型转换
①She beat all the other competitors (compete)in the final match and won the gold prize.
②Several advertising agencies are competing for the contract.
→Several advertising agencies are competing to__get (get)the contract.
[佳句背诵] We can compete with students from other universities in debate contests or speech contests.(天津高考书面表达)
我们可以和来自其他大学的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。
3.honour n.尊敬；荣幸；节操；荣誉 vt.尊敬，尊重(某人)；给以荣誉
(1)in honour of...　　　　为了纪念……
It’s one’s honour to do sth 某人很荣幸做某事
have the honour to do sth 有幸做某事
(2)honoured adj. 受尊敬的，感到荣幸的
be/feel honoured to do sth 很荣幸做某事
单句语法填空
①I will be honoured (honour) to have you there with us，enjoying the colorful days.(2017·浙江高考满分作文)
②I have the honour to__make (make) a speech to welcome the respected guests.
[佳句背诵] People often beautify their home with paper-cutting during festivals，which is often in honor of gods.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
人们经常在节日期间用剪纸美化他们的家，这些剪纸经常用来纪念神灵。
4.absence n.缺席，不在场；不存在；缺乏，没有
(1)absence from...　　　缺席……；没参加……
in one’s absence 在某人不在时
in the absence of sth 缺乏某物
(2)absent adj. 缺席的，不在的，缺乏的
be absent from 缺乏……，缺席……
absent-minded＝absence of mind
心不在焉的
单句语法填空/完成句子
①He was absent from the conference yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.
②It was his__absence__of__mind during driving that resulted in a terrible accident.
正是他开车心不在焉导致了一起可怕的事故。
[佳句背诵] I took pride in what I had done in the absence of my father.(北京高考满分作文)
我为自己在爸爸不在家时的表现感到自豪。
5.attempt n.& vt.尝试，努力，试图；企图
(1)attempt to do sth＝make an attempt to do sth
　　　　　　　　　打算/企图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试，首次尝试
(2)attempted adj. 未遂的，企图的
an attempted murder 蓄意谋杀/谋杀未遂
单句语法填空
①She is eager to succeed at the first attempt，but in vain.
②Police say they’re treating it as a case of attempted (attempt) murder.
[佳句背诵] We are making an attempt to hold an International High School Student Photography Show in our school.
→We are attempting to hold an International High School Student Photography Show in our school.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
我们正在尝试在我们学校举办国际中学生摄影展。
6.otherwise adv.& conj.否则，不然 adv.在其他方面
(1)otherwise (conj.)＝or/or else
(2)otherwise (adv.)＝differently/in another way
＝in the other way/in a different way
完成句子/句型转换
①They must have liked the apartment，otherwise/or they wouldn’t__have__stayed so long.
他们一定喜欢这个公寓，不然他们不会待这么久。
②The rent is high，but in the other way the house is satisfactory.
→The rent is high，otherwise the house is satisfactory.
[佳句背诵] I argue that every one of us should try our best to help those in need.Otherwise，we’ll have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later.(重庆高考满分作文)
我认为我们每一个人都应当尽力去帮助有困难的人。否则，我们迟早要为我们的自私付出代价。
[名师指津] otherwise作连词且意为“否则，不然”时，其后的句子所描述的情况如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气；如果与事实相符，则用陈述语气。
7.remove vt.去除，移开；拿走；开除；免职；脱去(衣物)；摘掉；搬迁
[一词多义] 写出下列句中remove的含义
①Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)去除
②Will you please remove your handbag from the seat？移开
③The player was removed from the team.开除
④She saw he had removed his glasses.摘掉
⑤Our office has removed to Shanghai from Beijing.搬迁
[名师指津] 辨析remove，move
词条
不同点
相同点
remove
强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的位置。还有“去除，免职”的意思
表“迁居”时，move和remove可互换
move
强调位置和姿态的改变。还有“感动”的意思
选用上述单词填空
⑥With the heavy box on his leg removed，he was greatly moved.He thanked me a lot and said he couldn’t remove/move it by himself.
8.power n.力量；能量；影响力；权力；统治 vt.驱动，提供动力
be in power　　　　掌权，执政(表示状态)
come to power 上台，执政(表示动作)
have power over 控制，支配
out of/beyond one’s power
超出某人的能力
in/within one’s power
在某人的能力/权力范围之内
单句语法填空
①It’s said that the new government will come to power next month.
②China is wealthier and more powerful (power) than ever before.
[佳句背诵] The decision is in the hand of him; I couldn’t do the things beyond/out of my power.(天津高考书面表达)
决定权在他那儿，我不能越权而为之。
9.bring...back to life 使……重生；使……恢复；使……再生
(1)give life to　　　赋予……生命
come to life 恢复生机，活跃起来；苏醒
live/lead a...life 过着……的生活
(2)bring up 养育；抚养；提出；呕吐
bring about 引起/导致(事故、变化等)
bring down 使……降低；使……倒下
bring in 引入；赚得，挣得
单句语法填空
①We arrived at a village in Tibet，where we found the local people leading a happy life.
②Our government has taken measures to bring down the prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
[佳句背诵] In short，not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese，it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people.(江苏高考书面表达)
总而言之，这种收录不仅对汉语有不良影响，而且可能会引起中国人民之间的疏远。
10.hang on(＝hold on)不挂断；(在逆境中)坚持；紧紧握住，保留
hang on to　　　　　抓紧；保留，不卖掉，不放弃
hang up (on sb) 挂(某人的)电话
hang out 常去某处；泡在某处
hang about/around (在某处附近)等待，逗留，闲荡
单句语法填空/完成句子
①You should hang on to that painting—it might be worth a lot of money one day.
②You hang__around/about here in case he comes，and I’ll go on ahead.
你在这附近等着以防万一他来了，我继续往前走。
[佳句背诵] It is not easy to learn English well，but if you hang on，you will succeed in time.
学好英语不容易，但是如果你能坚持下去，你最终会成功的。
11.make way for 给……让路，让位于……
make one’s way to　　向……走去
give way to 让路；让步；被……代替
in the way 挡路，挡道，妨碍
in a way 在某种意义上
in no way 绝不(位于句首，句子要倒装)
on the way 在路上； 将要发生
find one’s way to 到达；找到……的去路
完成句子
①He managed to find__his__way__to the airport，but was late for the flight.
他设法找到了去机场的路，但没赶上飞机。
②No doubt he was just trying to help，but in fact he just got in__the__way.
毫无疑问他多半只是想帮忙，可事实上他只是帮倒忙。
[佳句背诵] In a way，studying for a degree in a different culture is never easy.(2018·北京高考书面表达)
从某种程度上来说，在不同的文化中学习取得学位不会这么简单。
12.“must have done”表示推测
I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.(教材原句)
我相信，当许海峰为自己的祖国赢得第一枚金牌时，整个中国一定都为之骄傲。
句中must have felt proud是“must have done”结构，它表示对过去情况的肯定推测，此用法只用于肯定句，否定句中用can’t/couldn’t have done (不可能做过)。
①He must have sensed that I was looking at him.(湖南高考单选)
他肯定已经感觉到我正在看他。
②Mr.Li can’t/couldn’t__have__gone abroad，for I saw him in the street just now.
李先生不可能出国了，我刚才还在街上见过他。
[名师指津] “must have done”结构的反义疑问句：(1)若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”，而且有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用“didn’t ＋主语”；(2)若没有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用“haven’t/hasn’t ＋主语”。
③She must have attended the party last week，didn’t she?
她上个星期一定参加了聚会，对吗？
④The room must have been broken into，hasn’t it?
这个房间一定被人闯入了，是吗？
13.形容词(短语)作状语
The Eagles went home angry and bitter because they did not win the tournament.(教材原句)
鹰队在锦标赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。
angry and bitter是形容词短语，在句中作状语。形容词(短语)在句中作状语，可以用来表示原因、时间、方式等，说明主语所处的状态。
①Little Tom sat amazed watching the monkey dancing in front of him.(四川高考单选)
小汤姆坐着，吃惊地看着猴子在他面前跳舞。
②After the long journey，the three of them went back home，tired (tire) and hungry.
很长的旅行之后，他们中的三个人回到家里，又累又饿。
[名师指津] 形容词作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。试比较：
③Helpless，we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes.
我们看着那栋房子在我们眼前被毁，很是无助。(helpless说明主语we的状态)
④The old building was burned down as crowds watched helplessly.
在人群无助地观望中那座旧建筑物烧毁了。(helplessly修饰从句谓语动词watched)
考纲词汇专练
Ⅰ.多义词专练——选择语境中词汇的含义
1.toast
A.n.烤面包(片)　B.n.敬酒，干杯　C.v.为……干杯
D.v.烘，烤
①With great pleasure I ask you to toast the long-term cooperation between us.C
②I wish to propose a toast to our friendship and cooperation.B
③Looking relaxed，the prince helped out fetching bread to make some toast.A
④He didn’t feel hungry because he had eaten three toasted sandwiches.D
2.tie
A.n.平局　B.n.关系/联系　C.n.领带　D.vt.(用钱、绳索)系、扎、拴、捆　E.v.比赛得分相等，打成平局
①They tied him to a tree and beat him up.D
②At the end of the season，we were tied with the Tigers.E
③When he goes to work，he always wears a tie.C
④The president’s visit is sure to promote the close ties between the two countries.B
⑤To our surprise，the match ended in a tie.A
Ⅱ.微阅读——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1.She is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)预算
2.Hearing her coughing bitterly one night，I decided to pull her from it all.(2016·天津高考完形)严重地
3.Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger，or anger itself.
(2018·北京高考阅读七选五)常规
Ⅲ.微完形——根据语境选出正确选项
1.The __①__ Romeo and Juliet varies very much from the Disney version we know today.It is often played __②__ the writer，Shakespeare.
①A.final B.unusual
C.original D.powerful
②A.in honor of B.in case of
C.in place of D.in harmony of
答案　①C　②A
2.In 1896，the __①__ Olympic flame restarted to be lit in Athens.After 32 years’__②__，the People’s Republic of China returned to the Games and played an important role in them.
①A.traditional B.contemporary
C.precious D.ordinary
②A.absence B.flame
C.presence D.attempt
答案　①B　②A

Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考常考
1.Three children were__removed (remove) from the school for bad behaviors last month.
2.With computers becoming more and more popular nowadays，hand-written letters are gradually making way for e-mails.
3.Before you leave，make sure to keep the goat tied (tie) to the tree over there.
4.I am greatly delighted to__learn (learn) that you won the first prize in the English speech contest.
5.Mary can’t have__stolen (steal) your money.She has gone home.
6.I hung about/around the bus station for about an hour，but he didn’t come.
7.The thief attempted to__enter (enter) the shop without being spotted by the security cameras.
8.I knew I wouldn’t get my exam results for several weeks，and I wasn’t sure what to do in the meanwhile.
9.The man went to bed，drunk (drink) and when he woke up，he found his shoes still on.
10.Most of us found every team of the 2014 FIFA World Cup competing (compete) violently in the match.
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1.After he lost (lose)his job，he got into debt and eventually paid (pay)it off.
2.I soon found (find)that the work I was doing had been done by other people.
3.He began (begin)his life as a poor man and ended up as a millionaire.
4.Tom was__brought (bring) up by his grandmother in the countryside，so he knew what poverty meant(mean).
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错易混
1.What we are told today is of very significance.very→great
2.I don’t like to be a housewife tying to the kitchen all day.tying→tied
3.They should have got lost or they’d be here by now.should→must
4.The best people being chosen will be sent to compete for the Olympic Games.for→in
5.He made an attempt to passing the exam，but it was too difficult.passing→pass或to→at
6.Too nervously to reply，he stared at the floor.nervously→nervous
Ⅳ.根据语境判断加黑词的正确含义——熟词生义
A.尝试　　B.射击　　C.电力　　D.平局
1.We were watching TV when there was a power failure.C
2.It’s a difficult job but I’d like to have a shot at it.A
3.That was a close game and ended in a tie.D


Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When Kathrine Switzer became the first woman to enter the Boston Marathon with a number，in 1967，she knew she’d be chasing(追赶) history.She didn’t expect to be chased off the course.

At the time，women weren’t officially allowed to enter the race.To be accepted，Switzer signed up with her initials as “K.V.Switzer.”On race day，though，in lipstick and earrings，she took her place at the starting line.Switzer was at mile two when race manager，John Semple，ran up and tried to get her off the course，yelling，“Get the hell out of my race！” But with her boyfriend knocking Semple back，she fended off the official and finished in four hours and twenty minutes.
To mark the 50th anniversary of her barrier-breaking run，Switzer，now 70，plans to repeat the 26.2-mile journey this month.In the race，Switzer will wear the number 261，the same one the official tried ripping off from her 50 years ago.In her honor，the Boston Marathon will leave the number out in future races.
Switzer has 39 marathons under her belt，including coming in first in New York in 1974 and running in the Olympics in 1984.The last time she finished one in Boston was in 1976，two years after successfully campaigning to let women officially enter it.Her number might not show up in the Boston Marathon again，but Switzer’s movement goes beyond letting women enter that race.Founding a nonprofit international women’s running club，Switzer chose the name 261 Fearless.
“My goal is to reach women in places right now where they’re not allowed to leave the house alone，drive a car or get an education，”Switzer told CBS Boston.“If running can give them a sense of strength，where they are no longer victims and vulnerable，that’s what I hope it can do.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述第一个跑波士顿马拉松(1967年)的女性Kathrine Switzer克服困难并且不断努力创造马拉松奇迹的故事。
1.How did Kathrine Switzer enter the Boston Marathon in 1967?
A.By dressing up as a male.
B.By yelling at the race manager.
C.By signing up with her initials.
D.By getting a runner off the course.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“At the time...as ‘K.V.Switzer’”可知，那时，女性是不允许参加比赛的，为了获取参赛资格，Kathrine Switzer报名时用的是缩写的名字K.V.Switzer，这样主办单位辨认不出她是男是女。故选C。]
2.What is John Semple’s attitude towards Switzer running the Marathon?
A.He was supportive of her participation.
B.He tried to get her out of the competition.
C.He unwillingly allowed her to finish her running.
D.He thought Switzer should have got official approval first.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“John Semple，ran up...out of my race！”可知，John Semple追赶Kathrine Switzer，大吼着要她退出比赛。故选B。]
3.Concerning the number 261，what can we learn from the text?
A.A running club was named after it.
B.It will be reserved for Boston Marathon.
C.Switzer wore it in all her Marathon races.
D.The Boston Marathon will honor it in future races.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Founding a nonprofit...the name 261 Fearless.”可知，Switzer成立了一个非盈利的国际女性赛跑俱乐部，这个俱乐部就以号码261而命名的。故选A。]
4.What’s Switzer’s goal in founding an international women’s running club?
A.To make profit out of it.
B.To honor her first Marathon.
C.To train more women to run Marathon.
D.To encourage women to win equal rights.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“My goal is to reach women...get an education”可知，Switzer成立女性赛跑俱乐部的目的就是让女性享有独立出门、开车和受教育的权利。故选D。]
B
When Gitanjali Rao shared how she likes “finding solutions to real problems”， it was hard to imagine this dynamic girl could settle a problem that had escaped scientists for years.
In just three months, Rao came up with a device (装置)that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water.Inspired by the current litigation (诉讼)in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 until present Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named“America’s top young scientist” for 2017.
Rao had been following the water problem for about two years.She was amazed by the number of people af-fected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this.Rao spent months trying to convince local high schools and colleges to give her lab time to continue her experiment.At home, Rao worked on her project in the “science room” she asked her parents to create for her.Rao has created a device that uses three parts：a cartridge, a Bluetooth reader and an app.To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes (纳米管) that react to lead.This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.
Rao appropriately named the device Tethys and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the device on the market.While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines, lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development.With Rao believing that the “purpose of science is to make a difference”， her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States.
【语篇解读】　该文主要介绍了一个女孩发明了一款可以检测水中铅水平的装置，从而解决了一个科学家多年来忽视的问题。
5.What do we know about Rao’s device?
A.It’s cheap and quick.
B.It’s cheap and inaccurate.
C.It’s expensive and reliable.
D.It’s portable and time-consuming.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“In just three months...in our fresh water”可推知，与以前又贵又费时的设备相比，Rao所发明的设备既便宜又省时，与第三段最后一句“This reaction is then registered...is safe to drink”相呼应，故选A。]
6.What made Rao have the idea of designing the device?
A.Her parents’ suggestions.
B.Her desire for winning the award.
C.Her interest in settling real problems.
D.The water pollution litigation in Flint.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Inspired by the current...named‘America’s top young scientist’for 2017”可知，Rao设计测试水中铅水平的装置的想法是受一个水污染诉讼的启发，故选D。]
7.What do the carbon nanotubes function as?
A.Sending immediate signals.
B.Detecting the presence of lead.
C.Recording the reaction results.
D.Showing the water quality results
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“To put it simply...that react to lead”可推知，这个碳纳米管是可以对铅起反应的，因此可以检测出水中是否含有铅，故选B。]
8.What does the author think of Rao’s invention?
A.It will lead Rao to make a fortune.
B.It will help millions of Americans drink safe water.
C.It will promote the development of science in America.
D.It will soon settle the lead-polluted problem thoroughly.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While we may not be...in the United States”和对本段的整体理解可推知，作者认为Rao的发明可以帮助人们快速检测出水中是否含有铅，从而可以大大提高人们饮用水的安全性，意义重大，故选B。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Are you ready for your exam?
So，it’s exam time again—have you done the necessary work to get good marks? Sleeping with the textbook under the pillow in the hope that knowledge will be magically absorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn’t work.The best strategy is to space your practice out，rather than cram (突击学习) it all together.__1__！
In an article，Tom Stafford，a lecturer in psychology and cognitive(认知的) science at the University of Sheffield，advises：“If you organise five hours of study into one hour a day，you’ll remember more than if you study for five hours a day.”
__2__—get pen and paper and start working.Students who can test themselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learning that material in the long run.You should start by reading a textbook using your favourite highlighter(荧光笔).__3__.Instead of just rereading those，you basically try to test yourself on them.
__4__，but if you are still anxious，there’s no harm in performing a personal ritual(仪式).In Japan，for example，it seems to be a tradition for students to eat Katsudon before a test.__5__.The name of the dish reminds people of the word “katsu”，meaning “winning”.
The bottom line is that you need to study，sleep well on the eve of the test，eat a nutritious meal，drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off.Good luck in your exam!
A.Don’t rely on memory alone
B.That means hit the books early
C.Good revision should give you confidence
D.Then make flashcards of all the important concepts
E.They believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their heads
F.This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a slice of deep-fried pork
G.In different countries there are always those who swear by their “lucky underwear”
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。作者和大家分享了一些备考小贴士。
1.B　[根据本空前面的The best strategy is...cram it all together可知，B项“它意味着早点复习”符合语境。本空是对“把做练习的间隔时间拉开，而不是突击学习”的进一步说明。]
2.A　[根据破折号后面的get pen and paper and start working可知“不能只依赖记忆”，还要靠纸和笔。]
3.D　[根据本空前面的You should start by...可以锁定D项中的Then。代入后，“你在开始读书的时候要用荧光笔标注，然后把重要的概念做成学习卡片，这样只测试卡片上的内容就可以了”符合语境。]
4.C　[根据本空后面的but可知，本空与if you are still anxious...是转折关系，故C项“好好复习可以增强你的自信心”符合语境。]
5.F　[结合本空前后的eat Katsudon和The name of the dish可知，F项“这是一碗温热的米饭，上面盖有鸡蛋和猪肉”符合语境，在文中起承上启下的作用。]

Ⅰ.完形填空
When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in late October 1931，he had no way of knowing that his life was about to change completely.The class __1__ that day was to show how __2__ a container of water would bring oxygen bubbles(气泡) to the surface.The container John was about to heat，__3__，was not like the containers students everywhere had used.Someone had been __4__ and put the wrong label(标签) on the bottle.And __5__ John heated it with a Bunsen burner，the container __6__，sending the liquid flying in all directions.John Wilson came away from it，completely __7__.
Wilson spent the next two months in hospital.After he returned home，his parents __8__ a hard time to find a way to deal with the __9__ that had happened to their lives.But Wilson did not __10__ the accident as a disaster.He knew he had the rest of his life to live.He learned Braille(盲文) quickly and continued his __11__ at the esteemed Worcester College for the disabled.There，he not only __12__ as a student but also became an accomplished rower，swimmer，actor，musician，and orator.
Many people，faced with the __13__ John Wilson met with，would have __14__ of their experience.Perhaps they would have considered themselves to be __15__ by ill fortune and discouraged in their __16__ to do anything significant with their lives.Wilson，however，lost his sight but found a __17__.Through his practical action and life attitude，he proved to us __18__ that it’s not what happens to us that __19__ our lives—it’s what we make __20__ what happens.
【语篇解读】　本文为夹叙夹议文。十二岁的John Wilson在做实验的时候因发生意外而失明了，但是他并没有抱怨命运的不公或者就此消沉下去，而是以积极的心态和行动来面对自己的每一天。
1.A.experiment B.discussion
C.analysis D.management
答案　A　[根据上文中的“his chemistry class”和下文中的“show how ________ a container of water would bring oxygen bubbles(气泡)to the surface”可知，那天的课堂实验是展示如何给盛水的器皿加热使水中的氧气气泡被带到水的表面，故experiment“实验”符合语境。]
2.A.bringing out B.turning over
C.heating up D.picking on
答案　C　[解析见上题。heat up“加热”符合语境。下文中的“to heat”“heated”也是提示。]
3.A.therefore B.instead
C.besides D.however
答案　D　[根据下文中的“was not like the containers students everywhere had used”可知，然而，他的加热器皿与别的同学的不一样。此处应用however“然而，但是”表示转折。]
4.A.light-hearted B.absent-minded
C.cold-blooded D.bad-tempered
答案　B　[根据下文中的“put the wrong label(标签)on the bottle”可知，有人由于粗心，贴错了标签。absent-minded“粗心大意的”符合语境。]
5.A.as B.if
C.once D.though
答案　A　[根据语境可知，此处表示当他给盛水的器皿加热时。as“当……的时候”符合语境。]
6.A.leaked B.exploded
C.collapsed D.melted
答案　B　[根据下文中的“sending the liquid flying in all directions”可知，器皿爆炸了，引得液体四处飞溅。explode“爆炸”符合语境。]
7.A.dumb B.lame
C.deaf D.blind
答案　D　[根据下文中的“He learned Braille(盲文) quickly”“lost his sight”可知，他失明了。故blind“失明的”符合语境。]
8.A.called for B.drove off
C.went through D.depended on
答案　C　[他从医院回来后，他的父母度过了一段困难时期。go through“经历，度过”符合语境。]
9.A.catastrophe B.coincidence
C.dilemma D.drawback
答案　A　[根据上文提及的John Wilson在做实验时因为意外而失明的内容和下文的“a disaster”可知，他的父母为找到应对发生在他们身上的灾难的办法而度过了一段困难时期。catastrophe“灾难”符合语境。]
10.A.elect B.appoint
C.regard D.recommend
答案　C　[但是John Wilson并没有把这起事故当作灾难。regard...as...“把……看成是……”符合语境。]
11.A.education B.occupation
C.contribution D.recovery
答案　A　[根据下文中的“at the esteemed Worcester College for the disabled”“as a student”可知，他在为残疾人开办的院校继续接受教育。education“教育”符合语境。]
12.A.survived B.shone
C.competed D.registered
答案　B　[根据下文中的“but also became an accomplished rower，swimmer，actor，musician，and orator”可知，作为一位学生，他不但成绩优秀，而且在诸多方面都表现突出。shine“出色”符合语境。]
13.A.discrimination B.resistance
C.circumstances D.uncertainties
答案　C　[面对John Wilson遇到的情况，许多人都可能会怨天尤人。circumstance“情况，情形”符合语境。]
14.A.dreamed B.thought
C.approved D.complained
答案　D　[解析见上题。complain“抱怨”。]
15.A.criticized B.motivated
C.surrounded D.interrupted
答案　C　[根据下文中的“ill fortune”“discouraged”可知，他们会认为自己被厄运缠身了。surround“包围，环绕”符合语境。]
16.A.preferences B.requirements
C.failures D.attempts
答案　D　[他们在尝试做人生中任何重要的事情时也会感到沮丧。attempt“努力，试图”符合语境。]
17.A.bridge B.vision
C.reward D.cure
答案　B　[根据上文中的“lost his sight”和下文中的“Through his practical action and life attitude”可知，他失去了视力，却对未来有一种憧憬。bridge“桥梁”；reward“回报”；cure“疗法”。]
18.A.dramatically B.occasionally
C.abruptly D.roughly
答案　A　[根据上文中的“Through his practical action and life attitude”可知，他(积极的)实际行动和(乐观的)生活态度显著地向我们证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活。dramatically“显著地，引人注目地”符合语境。]
19.A.limits B.predicts
C.determines D.replaces
答案　C　[解析见上题。determine“决定，支配”符合语境。]
20.A.of B.from
C.for D.up
答案　A　[决定我们生活的并不是发生在我们身上的事情而是我们如何理解所发生的事情。make sth of sb/sth“理解，对待”符合语境。]
Ⅱ.语法填空
Tourism is an effective way to promote people-to-people communication and cultural exchange.Guangdong Province，an important player of the national strategy，has advantages in further promoting tourism 1.________ (cooperate) with the 21st century maritime (海上的) Silk Road countries and regions.
First of all，Guangdong probably had the most of overseas Chinese population who 2.________ (immigrate) to foreign countries several centuries ago.Official figures indicate that the population of overseas Chinese in the province 3.________ (reach)over 10 million in the Southeast Asian countries.
Second，Guangdong played 4.________ important role in the country’s ancient maritime Silk Road.And Guangdong experienced its peak of ancient maritime trade in the Qing Dynasty，5.________ (trade) not only with Southeast Asian countries，but also countries of Europe，North America and the Oceania.
Third，Guangdong is one of the 6.________ (large) tourism destinations and tourist 7.________ (source) in the country.In 2014，the province had more than 326 million overnight stays，of 8.________ more than 33.55 million overnight stays 9.________ (make) by tourists from foreign countries.Its profit from tourism increased 12 percent year-on-year.
There is no denying that the province is of great 10.________ (significant) to the tourism development in China.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论了广东省具有的海上贸易的优势，以及其对海上丝绸之路的国家和地区的旅游合作的推动作用。
1.cooperation　[所填词作promoting的宾语，应用名词形式cooperation。此处指推动旅游业的合作。]
2.immigrated　[分析句子结构可知，本句是一个限制性定语从句，immigrate的主语是关系代词who；且本句有时间状语several centuries ago，为一般过去时的时间状语标志词。因此，此处应填动词的过去式immigrated。]
3.reaches　[此处描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，主语为the population of overseas Chinese，是单数概念，故此处动词应用其单三形式reaches。]
4.an　[play an important role in“在……中起重要作用”，为固定搭配。]
5.trading　[本句中已有谓语动词experienced，且两个动词之间没有连词连接，因此所填词为非谓语动词，trade与其逻辑主语Guangdong之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词trading。]
6.largest　[此处为“one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”的固定结构。]
7.sources　[由于and连接的两个并列的名词在形式上应保持一致，所以根据前面的名词destinations可知，这里应用名词的复数形式sources。]
8.which　[分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为326 million overnight stays，所以用which引导。]
9.were made　[分析句子成分可知，所填词在定语从句中作谓语。旅客逗留的时间是2014年，故应用一般过去时；且主语stays和动词make之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；又因主语stays为复数形式，故填were made。]
10.significance　[此处位于be of后，所以应用名词形式，故填significance。]