2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习重大版讲义：必修1Unit5GainingConfidence

Unit 5　Gaining Confidence



一、单词——
写 得 准
用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.gain vt.　　　　　获得；赢得
2.effort n. 努力；费力的事
3.melt vt./vi. (使)消散，消失；(使)融(熔)化；溶解
4.within prep. (表示位置)在……里面；(表示时间)不超过；(表示距离)不超出
5.require vt. 需要；要求
6.apologise vi.道歉，辩解，赔不是→apology n．道歉，认错
7.complain v．抱怨；诉苦；投诉→complaint n．抱怨
8.shame vt.使羞愧/丢脸→ashamed adj.羞耻的，惭愧的；难为情的→shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的→shameless adj.无耻的，不知羞耻的
9.fail vi.失败→failure n．失败；失败的人(事)
10.decorate vt.装饰→decoration n．装饰
11.strong adj.强壮的；健康的；擅长的→strength n．优点；长处；力量；力气→strengthen v．增强；加强
12.survive vt.& vi.幸存；活下来→survivor n．幸存者→survival n．存活
13.immediate adj.立即的；即刻的；紧迫的→immediately adv.立即；马上
14.punish vt.处罚；惩罚→punishment n．处罚；惩罚
15.confident adj.有信心的；自信的→confidence n．信心；自信→confidently adv.肯定地；确信地
16.perform vt./vi.表演；演出；做→performance n．表演；演奏→performer n．执行者
1.You should be ashamed of your shameful behavior or you will be a shameless man.(shame)
2.He gave her a confident smile and his confidence made her faced with challenge confidently.(confident)
3.It is necessary to increase our chances of survival.Luckily, I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident.(survive)
4.My brother strengthens himself by taking outdoor exercise every day; now he is so strong_that I dare not measure strength against him.(strong)
5.He felt like a failure when he failed to pass the driving test.(fail)
6.The doctor performed the operation quite well and he was very satisfied with his performance;_we praised him as a real performer of difficult operations.(perform)
7.To welcome the New Year’s Day, they decorated all their classrooms with all kinds of decorations.(decorate)
⇩
1.“请求；要求”大全
①require v．　　要求；需求
②request n．/v. 请求；要求
③ask v. 请求；要求
④beg v. 乞求
⑤demand n．/v. 需求；要求
⑥appeal v. 恳求；呼吁
2.a­开头动词集锦
①apologise　道歉
②abandon 抛弃
③achieve 完成；取得
④adopt 采取；收养
⑤award 授予
⑥adapt 适应；改编
3.“说”之种种
①complain　诉说
②insist 坚持说
③add 继续说
④come on 说吧
⑤whisper 低声说
4.“心情”形容词集合
①confident　　自信的
②bored 无聊的
③ashamed 羞愧的
④depressed 沮丧的
⑤frustrated 失意的
⑥confused 迷惑的
二、短语——
写 得 准
用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)
1.be_proud_of_sb./sth. 因……而自豪
2.be_ashamed_of_sb./sth./yourself 羞愧；惭愧
3.be_afraid_of_sb./sth. 害怕；担忧
4.take_advantage_of_sb./sth. 利用；占……的便宜
5.carry_on 继续
6.hold_on (在困境或危险中)坚持住，挺住；抓紧不放
7.provide_sb.with_sth. 为某人提供……
8.agree_with_sb. 和……意见一致；适合
9.put_oneself/sb.down 使(某人)自惭形秽；轻视；蔑视
10.keep_in_touch_with__sb./sth. 与……保持联络
11.complain_about_sb./sth. 抱怨；投诉
12.take_up_sth. 开始从事；占用
13.take_notice_of_sth. 注意；注意到
14.in_some_aspect 在某方面
15.in_public 当众；公开地
1.I hope you’ll soon feel calmer and carry_on as normal.
2.She learned to stop putting_herself_down and comparing herself to others.
3.Nobody seems to take_notice_of the ten­cent note which has been lying on the ground for quite a long time.
4.The patients are provided_with a very healthful diet in our hospital.
5.I’m sorry to have taken_up so much of your valuable time.
6.With the College Entrance Examination drawing near, you’d better take_advantage_of your spare time to study.
7.I cannot totally agree_with you, but I think what you said just now is partly reasonable.
8.Keeping_in_touch_with our friends is an important part of friendship.

⇩
1.“be＋adj.＋of”短语速记
①be proud of因……而自豪
②be ashamed of 感到羞愧
③be aware of 意识；觉悟
④be afraid of 担心；忧虑
⑤be fond of 喜欢；爱好
⑥be guilty of 有……罪行
2.“v.＋on”短语荟萃
①carry on　　　继续；从事
②hold on 坚持住；挺住
③catch on 理解；受欢迎
④count on 依赖；依靠
⑤rely on 依靠；依赖
⑥take on 担任；雇用；呈现
3.“适应，适合”短语小结
①agree with　与……意见一致；适合
②fit in 相适应；相融合
③fit in with 与……相适应
④adjust (oneself) to 适应
⑤adapt (oneself) to 适应(新情况)
三、句式——
背 原 句
明 句 式
学 仿 写
1.One pot had a crack in it while the other was perfect.
一只桶有裂缝，而另一只桶则完好无损。
while表示对比，意为“而，然而”。
东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。
There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while_there’s_little_in_the_northwest.
2.Get to know your flaws and you too can be successful.
了解并认识你自己的不足，你也能获得成功。
“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示“(如果)……就会……”。
接受医生的建议，你很快就会好的。
Follow_your_doctor’s_advice,_and you will get better soon.
3.Why is it that so many people think that being perfect is the way to go？
干嘛有那么多人非得要十全十美呢？
强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that ...？
是什么使得他没及时来到？What_was_it_that prevented him from coming in time？



第一板块核心单词归纳集释
1．ashamed adj.惭愧的；难为情的
[教材原句]　I am ashamed of myself, and I want to apologise to you.
我为自己感到很惭愧，我想要向你道歉。
(1)be/feel ashamed of　　　　 因……感到惭愧/难为情
be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事
(2)shame n. 羞愧，羞耻，惭愧
It’s a shame that ... ……真让人遗憾
①She felt_ashamed_of_having_cheated_in_the_exam and tears ran down her cheeks.
她为自己在考试中作弊感到羞愧万分，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。
②It’s_a_shame/pity_that a good student should do something like that.
一个好学生竟然会做出那样的事真令人遗憾。
③I was ashamed to_tell (tell) him that I had failed.
我惭愧地将我的失败告诉了他。
[辨析比较]　ashamed, shameful
试一试　选用上述单词填空
You ought to be ④ashamed of yourself — it’s ⑤shameful the way you treat your mother.
辨一辨
ashamed
指事情使人感到羞耻、惭愧、害臊等
shameful
指事情或行为本身可耻、不道德

2．apologise vi.道歉；辩白
[高考佳句]　Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. (2017·天津高考)
快速而简要地回应，为你的错误道歉。
(1)apologise to sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
apologise to sb.that ... 向某人道歉……
(2)apology n. 道歉
make an apology to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
owe sb.an apology 应向某人道歉
①The teacher made a suggestion that she should apologise to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.
→The teacher made a suggestion that she should make an apology (apologise) to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.
老师建议她为自己不得体的行为向同桌道歉。
②I owe_you_an_apology for the fact that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
我应向你道歉，星期五下午不能和你一起去书店。
3．strength n．[U]力量；力气[C]优点；长处；强项
[高考佳句]　Of course, mountain climbing takes strength and courage.(2017·北京高考书面表达)
当然，爬山需要力量和勇气。
[一词多义]　写出下列句中strength的含义
①The strength of his diet is that it contains plenty of vitamin and fibre.优点；长处
②Maths is my strength, while I don’t do well in English.强项
③I don’t have the strength to lift the box.力量；力气
(1)build up one’s strength　 　 增强体质
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点，长处和短处
(2)strengthen vt. 加强；增强
④While DNA test will help strengthen (strength) people’s health consciousness, it is more probable that it will lead to overanxiety.(2015·广东高考满分作文)
尽管DNA测试能帮助增强健康意识，但更有可能造成过度焦虑。
⑤Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build_up_one’s_strength,_but also develop one’s character.
练中国功夫不但能增强体质，还能培养一个人的品质。
⑥To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths_and_weaknesses.
为了让团队的成员表现得更好，教练员首先得知道他们的长处和短处。
4．confident adj.有信心的；自信的；肯定的；确信的；有把握的
[高考佳句]　At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave in as she was so confident about her skills.(2018·天津高考单选)
起初，罗伯特不让他的女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对自己的技术很自信。
(1)be confident about/of ... 对……有信心；对……有把握
be confident in 在……方面有信心；相信
be confident that ... 对……有把握
(2)confidence n. 信心；自信
have confidence in 对……有信心
①But they also are less confident of/about their parenting skill.
但是他们对自己培养子女的技能也越发没有自信。
②Be_confident_in yourself and your dream will come true.
对自己充满信心，梦想就会实现。
[名师指津]　(1)表示“对……有信心”时，名词confidence后常接介词in，不用介词for；
(2)表示“做某事的信心”时，名词confidence后接不定式，不接of doing，而形容词confident后通常接of doing，不接不定式。

Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子)
1．They make you politer and easier to get along with, thus strengthening (strength)the relationship between you and others.
2．It is required that the students (should)_learn (learn) a foreign language and the IT course.
3．We will never fail to_live (live) up to what our parents expect of us.
4．Some drivers like to draw some special patterns as decorations (decorate) on their cars.
5．I’d like to have my reference book within my reach.
6．I feel confident in recommending Mr.Jackson to you for the post, for he is quite experienced in the field.
7．Astronomers — scientists who study stars and planets — have_been_complaining_about (一直抱怨) this problem for decades.
8．It was a mercy that the whole family survived_the_earthquake_ (在地震中生还)．
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．ashamed多棱镜
(1)选词填空：shame/ashamed/shameful
①To his shame,_he found that his best friend found his shameful conduct.
②The boy was caught cheating in the exam and he was ashamed of his shameful behaviour.
(2)补全句子
③我曾经羞于承认我的弱点，但是我现在没有这样的感觉，我使自己免除了诸多不适。
I_was_once_ashamed_to_admit_my_weakness,_but now I have no such feeling and I save myself much discomfort.
④真不好意思，我对你撒了谎。
I’m_ashamed/It’s_a_shame that I lied to you.
2．apologise面面观
(1)介词填空
①He apologised to the teacher for the bad result in the test.
②He made a public apology for his improper remarks.
(2)根据汉语提示完成片段
杰克，你应该为弄丢你姐姐的电子词典而向她道歉，待会儿请去给她说声对不起。
Jack, you ③owe your sister ④an_apology_for losing her e­dictionary; please go and ⑤apologise_to her later.
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
1．根据语境选出gain的词性和词义
(A)vt.增加　(B)vt.赢得　(C)vt.走快　 (D)n.收益
①The country gained its independence ten years ago.__B__
②It is obvious that Carrie has gained a lot of weight recently.__A__
③My watch gains two minutes every 24 hours.__C__
④He only seems to be interested in personal gain.__D__
2．根据语境选出object的词性和词义
(A)n.物体　(B)n.目标　(C)n.宾语　(D)vi.反对
①The word can also follow an indirect object.__C__
②Doing work means moving an object from place to place.__A__
③His one object in life is to earn as much money as possible.__B__
④I object to being treated like this.__D__
第二板块短语句型归纳集释
1．carry on继续；保持；经营；进行(生意、谈话等)
[高考佳句]　I hate it when she calls me at work — I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.(2016·天津高考单选)
我讨厌当我工作的时候她给我打电话，我总是太忙没有时间和她聊。
carry on　　　 继续做某事
carry off 赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等)；
成功完成困难的事；夺去
carry out 实行；执行；完成；履行(诺言、 义务等)
carry away 卷走；冲走
①She is determined to carry_on_with her education.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
她决心继续她的教育。
②At last week’s Oscars, a small number of films carried_off nearly all the prizes.
在上周的奥斯卡金像奖上，一小批电影几乎赢得了所有奖项。
③I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had_been_carried_out in the past two years.(2018·江苏高考单选)
上个月我被派到那个村子里去看看在过去的两年里这个发展计划是怎样实施的。
[名师指津]　carry on既可用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。
2．take up开始从事；拿起；接受；继续；占用(时间、空间等)
[高考佳句]　Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.(2015·陕西高考单选)
彼得在下个月底将开始担任旅行社负责人的职位。
[一词多义]　写出下列句中take up的含义
①After he retired from office, Royers took up painting for a while, but soon lost interest.开始从事
②Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受
③We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up.占用
④She took up the story where Tim had left off.继续
take in　　　　　　 收留；吸收；欺骗；领会；理解
take off 脱掉；起飞；成名
take on 雇用；呈现；承担
take over 接任；接替；采用
⑤Internet shopping will already take_off when people make sure that it is safe.
当人们确信了网购的安全性时，它就已经成功了。
⑥He didn’t take_in what he read because his mind was focused on something else.
他没有领会他阅读的东西，因为他的思想集中在其他事情上。
3. Why_is_it_that so many people think that being perfect is the way to go?
干嘛有那么多人非得要十全十美呢？
本句使用了强调句型。
(1)强调句型的构成：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...。当被强调的部分指人时，句子的连词可用that/who，否则就用that。当被强调的部分为主语时，句子的谓语动词与被强调的主语保持一致。
①You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.(2016·天津高考单选)
你等错地方了。长途客车是在宾馆接游客。
(2)强调句型一般疑问句的构成：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who ...?
②Was_it_because_Jack_came_late_for_school_that Mr.Smith got angry?
是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？
(3)强调句型特殊疑问句的构成：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who ...?
③The patient looks much better.What_is_it_that has made him what he is today?
那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？
(4)对含有“not ...until ...”句型中的时间状语进行强调，应将not until放在一起进行强调，构成“It is/was not until ... that ...”。
④It_was_not_until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
直到将近信的结尾她才提及了自己的计划。
[名师指津]　(1)强调句通常用来强调主语、宾语、状语等，不能强调谓语。强调谓语用do, does, did。(2)判断句子是否为强调句的方法：把it is/was和that/who去掉，再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置，句子完整，就为强调句。

Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空/补全句子
①I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get help from you.
②It is surprising that it has taken people so long to take advantage of what is a win­win opportunity.
③If you want to ask her out.First of all, don’t be afraid of refusing (refuse)．
④I have made my choice, and I will hold on to the end.
⑤Bend your knees slightly and reach_out (伸出) your arms like tree branches, naturally and softly.
⑥In_some_aspects (在某些方面), I don’t think you are right.
⑦We aren’t allowed to smoke in_public (当众) according to the new law.
2．运用所学短语、句型完成片段
Visiting Canada had been our dream.However, ①it_was_not_until_last_year_that (直到去年) we managed to make it.We decided to go there by plane rather than by ship because my father often ②complained_about/of (抱怨) slowness of the ship.We got to Canada at dawn, and we ③took_advantage_of (利用) every minute to visit some places of interest.We ④were_proud_of (因……而自豪) its beauty.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．carry相关短语全扫描
(1)介、副词填空
①Whether we can raise enough money to carry out the project remains to be discussed.
②Thieves carried off the farmer’s sheep during the night.
③The flood has carried away the bridge, making the village cut off from the outside world.
④Don’t carry on drinking so much — you’re ruining yourself.
(2)补全句子
⑤如果你继续那样工作，你迟早会累垮的。
If you carry_on_working_like_that,_you will break down sooner or later.
⑥如何养成习惯？第一步就是制订计划表，然后坚持去执行它，不要放弃。
How to develop a habit? The first step, set a timetable, and stick to carrying_out_the_plan,_don’t stop.
2．take相关短语面面观
根据汉语提示完成片段
After ①taking_over (接管) the company from his father, he ②took_in (吸收) some advanced ideas and ③took_on (雇用) some skillful workers, which suggested that his company would ④take_off (开始成功) soon.
3．强调句型全方位
(1)单句语法填空
①It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.
②Was it during the Anti­Japanese War that the soldier devoted his life?
(2)句型转换
③He didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill.(强调原因状语从句)
→It_was_because_he_was_ill_that he didn’t attend the meeting.
④He didn’t meet the girl he would like to marry until he came back from Africa that year.
→Not_until he came back from Africa that year did_he_meet the girl he would like to marry.
→It was not_until_he_came_back from Africa that year that_he_met the girl he would like to marry.



[单元语基落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He was ashamed of himself for being behind his work.
2．The question required considering/to_be_considered (consider) carefully, for it was too difficult for us.
3．Please accept our apology (apologise)for the inconvenience this matter has given you.
4．A lot of reports and books have been written on this subject, and it seems impossible to take no notice of them.
5．Despite the current difficulty, he has confidence (confident) in his team.
6．I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn’t want to take up too much of your time.
7．It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me.
8．Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way but also they can strengthen (strength) their self­confidence.
9．—I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free while the third costs D|S30.
10．Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect and support can be very beneficial.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1. He was shameful of having done so little work.shameful→ashamed
2．It is I who/that is invited to attend the opening ceremony of the meeting tomorrow.第二个is→am
3．Victor apologised me for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan.apologised后加to
4．It is not uncommon for women to smoke in the public.去掉the
5．Working harder, and you will succeed in your studies.Working→Work或去掉and
6．Her bravery has given him the will to carry out with his life and his work.out→on
7．Remember to keep touch with me when you get there.keep后加in
8．He has been doing weight training to build up his strengths.strengths→strength
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
Not everyone has confidence.①There was a boy who made use of nearly all of his spare time to study, but always failed in his exams.He was loaded with much pressure and felt_ashamed_of_himself (为他自己感到惭愧)．Every time others mentioned an exam, he avoided it at once.He always complained_about/of (抱怨) his bad luck.How should he gain_confidence (增加自信)? Fortunately, his new Chinese teacher took_notice_of (注意到) him, and told him to hold_on (坚持住)．②And now he is the top student in his class.
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分
(1)made use of→took_advantage_of
(2)at once→immediately
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用现在分词作定语改写句①
There_was_a_boy_making_use_of_nearly_all_of_his_spare_time_to_study,_but_always_failed_in_his_exams.
(2)用强调句型(强调地点状语)改写句②
And_now_it_is_in_his_class_that_he_is_the_top_student.