2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习重大版讲义：必修3Unit6PerseveranceandSuccess
展开Unit 6 Perseverance and Success
一、单词——
写 得 准 | 用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空) |
1.award vt. 颁发，授予 2.react vi. 反应 3.govern vt. 统治，控制 4.cure vt. 治愈；治好 5.switch n. 开关 6.press vt. 按，摁 n. 按；报道；出版社 7.masterpiece n. 杰作；名作 8.point n. 道理，观点 9.case n. 患者；病例；病症；案件 10.astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学者；天文学家 11.apply vt.应用vi.申请→applied adj.应用的；实用的→applicant n．申请人→application n．申请，申请书 12.operate vi./vt.开动(机器)；操纵；起作用；经营；动手术→operator n．操作者；经营者；电话接线员→operation n．手术；操作 13.different adj.不同的→differently adv.不同地 14.soft adj.柔软的；软的→soften vt./vi.变软，软化 15.theory n．理论→theoretical adj.理论的 16.science n．科学→scientific adj.科学的 |
2.In conclusion, more theoretical (theory) and experimental research must be conducted. 3.The Americans spell some words differently from the British.That is to say, American English is different from British English.(different) 4.All applicants who have applied for the job must hand in the application forms before next Monday.(apply) 5.The doctors are operating on an operator of a factory who got injured when operating a machine, and the operation is said to last over ten hours.(operate) 6.Wang Lin shows great interest in astronomy,_hoping to be an excellent astronomer in the future.(astronomy) 7.The dough (面团) for making bread isn’t soft enough.Can you think of a way to soften it？(soft) |
⇩
1.“奖项”种种 ①award 奖；奖品 ②prize奖金；奖品 ③reward悬赏，回报，酬谢 ④distinction荣誉；奖励 | 2.-y结尾学科名词展示 ①astronomy天文学 ②chemistry化学 ③biology生物学 ④psychology心理学 ⑤philosophy哲学 | 3.由masterpiece想到的 ①biography传记 ②drama剧本；戏剧 ③essay散文；小品文 ④fiction (虚构)小说 ⑤original 原作 | 4.-ic结尾形容词小结 ①scientific科学的 ②enthusiastic热情的 ③energetic精力充沛的 ④dramatic戏剧(性)的 ⑤sympathetic同情的 ⑥romantic 浪漫的 |
二、短语——
写 得 准 | 用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空) |
1.point__to 指向…… 2.do_research 作研究 3.pull_out 使分离；拔掉某物 4.keep_on_doing_sth. 继续…… 5.pull_off 做成某事 6.turn_off 关(灯；火等) 7.look_out 往外望 8.only_if 只要；只有 9.be_covered_with 覆盖 10.pull_up 向上拉；拉起 11.hold_the_post_of 担任(某职位) 12.have_a_very_poor_chance_to_do 做……没多大希望 13.catch_a_disease 得病；生病 14.award_cup 奖杯 15.get_interested_in 对……感兴趣 | 1.You will pass your exams only_if you really apply yourself to your study. 2.He didn’t come at all.It was silly of us to keep_on waiting for him. 3.Turn_off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 4.She is not only good at mathematics, but she gets_interested_in English as well. 5.A large proportion of the earth’s surface is_covered_with water. 6.You’d better have your bad tooth pulled_out as soon as possible before the toothache becomes worse. 7.Turn the hands of the clock until they point_to 9 o’clock. 8.I’m hoping that I may pull_off a scholarship to Oxford. |
⇩
1.“生病”短语点滴 ①catch a disease ②fall/become ill ③become/get sick ④catch a cold ⑤have a fever | 2.“继续做某事”短语速记 ①keep on doing sth. ②go on doing sth. ③carry on doing sth. ④continue doing/to do sth. | 3.point短语集合 ①point to 指向…… ②point at 指着 ③point out 指出，指明 ④at that point 在那时 ⑤to the point 中肯的 |
三、句式——
背 原 句 | 明 句 式 | 学 仿 写 |
1.She did not know how she was going to make it and wanted to give up. 她不知道如何去面对，想要放弃。 | make it意为“对付，面对； 能够出席或到场；获得成功”。 | 你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。 In no case should you lose heart; keep trying and you_will_make_it_sooner_or_later. |
2.He told her that Johnsy had a very poor chance to get well again. 他告诉她琼瑟恢复的可能性很小。 | 动词不定式作后置定语。 | 志愿工作给了你改变生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。 Volunteering gives you a_chance_to_change_lives,_including your own. |
3.When Sue went into his room, he was alone, drinking. 当苏走进他的房间时，他独自一人在那儿，喝着酒。 | 现在分词短语作伴随状语。 | 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 All night long he lay awake, thinking_of_the_problem. |
第一板块核心单词归纳集释
1．award vt.颁发，授予n.奖，奖品；奖金
[高考佳句] The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018·天津高考单选)
金牌将被授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的任何人。
(1)award sb.sth.(for sth.) ＝ award sth.to sb.(for sth.) (因某事)奖给某人某物
(2)win the first award for sth. 因某事获得一等奖
win/receive/get/obtain/gain an award 得奖
①He won/received/got/obtained/gained_an_award_for his excellent performance in the film last year.
去年，他因为在电影中的出色表现获得了一个奖项。
②As we all know, the Nobel Prize for Medicine was_awarded_to Chinese scientist Tu Youyou in 2015.
众所周知，中国科学家屠呦呦在2015年被授予诺贝尔医学奖。
[辨析比较] award, reward, prize
试一试 选用上述单词填空
Now you have some chances to get money.First, if you can help find the stolen painting, you will be offered a $1,000 ③reward.Then, you can win a ④prize if you are able to answer this question about the painting.The question is what ⑤award the painter has got for this painting.
辨一辨
award | 指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出要求或条件的人进行的授奖行为，更注重荣誉，而不在乎奖品或奖金 |
reward | 指对别人的工作、服务或帮助的奖赏与报答，可以是酬金，也可以是物品；用于讽刺语气，可指“对坏事的报应” |
prize | “奖金、奖品、战利品”，指竞赛获奖，竞争、抽奖或工作学习中的优胜者获得的奖励，可以是钱，也可以是物 |
2．cure vt.治愈；治好n.疗法；治疗
[高考佳句] To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed (诊断) with a serious disease.There was no cure, only pain relief.(2018·江苏高考)
更糟糕的是，Moth被诊断出患了一种严重的疾病。没有治疗方法，只能缓解疼痛。
cure sb.of sth. 治好某人的病；矫正某人的不良行为
a cure for sth. ……的治疗方法
①The fact is that the medicine can’t cure his father of his cancer.
事实是这种药并不能治愈他父亲的癌症。
②Chinese scientists are absorbed in further research to find a cure for cancer.
中国科学家致力于进一步研究以找到治愈癌症的方法。
[辨析比较] cure, treat, heal
试一试 选用上述单词填空
He was sent to hospital after the accident.Fortunately, it didn’t take a long time for the wounds to ③heal.However, he still suffered from headache.The doctor ④treated his headache with a new drug but didn’t ⑤cure him.
辨一辨
cure | 意为“治愈，治好”，可直接跟人或疾病作宾语，有时用来指突然地、出乎意料地痊愈；也用于指人的生活习惯的纠正、矫正等，与介词of搭配，强调结果 |
treat | 只指治病，不包括治疗的效果如何。其宾语可以是人也可以是病；以人作宾语时，病用for短语表示。它强调“治疗”这一动作 |
heal | 多用于治愈外伤，指伤口愈合 |
3．operate vi./vt.开动(机器)；操作；经营；运转；工作；动手术；起作用
[经典例句] The car parks operate a payasyouleave system.
这些停车场按“离开时付费”的收费方式运作。
[一词多义] 写出下列句中operate的含义
①Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face.运转
②What skills are needed to operate this machinery？操作
③The doctors operated on the patient last night.动手术
④Solar panels can only operate in sunlight.起作用
⑤My parents used to operate a small restaurant near the train station.经营
(1)operate on/upon sb. 给某人动手术
(2)operation n. 运转；手术
come/go into operation 开始工作/运转；生效
put sth.into operation 实施/施行……
⑥It’s reported that the local government will put the new law into operation (operate) next month.
据报道当地政府将于下个月实施这部新法律。
4．case n．患者；病例；病症；案件
[经典例句] The lawyer wants to know all the details related to the case.
律师想知道与该案件有关的全部细节。
in case (that) 假使；以防万一
in case of 假如发生；万一发生
in no case 决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装)
in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话
as is often the case 这是常有的事
①The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in_case he is attacked.
旅游者可能朝野兽开火来保护自己以防受到攻击。
②In_that_case,_ I shall direct many good movies for the audience.
那种情况下，我将为观众导演很多好电影。
③We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in_no_case should theory be separated from practice.
我们必须把所学的知识应用到日常工作中去，因为理论与实践绝不能分开。
④As is often the case with language learning, Mandarin learning also asks for lots of practice.(2015·四川高考满分作文)
普通话学习也需要大量的练习，对语言学习来说这是常有的事。
[联想发散] 表达“决不”的短语还有：at no time, by no means, under no circumstances, on no account, in no way, on no condition, in no sense等。
Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子)
1．She won an award for her outstanding performance.
2．He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction (react)．
3．The more you soften (soft) a request, the more polite it becomes.
4．This book is too theoretical (theory); I need a practical one.
5．Chinese citizens are to have their fingerprints recorded when applying (apply) for or changing their identity cards.
6．Professor Wang said the reason of shortsightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent cure for it.
7．Be sure to_switch_off_the_light (关掉灯) when you leave the office.
8．Conditions in your country are_different_from_ours (与我们国家情况不同)．
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．operate点点练
(1)用operate的适当形式填空
①The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee.
②This machine is very easy to_operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
③She was very anxious while her husband was_being_operated on.
(2)翻译句子
④这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。
The_people_operating_these_factories_are_deeply_concerned_about_the_environment. (用operate的现在分词作后置定语)
2．case面面观
(1)句型转换
①You’d better take an umbrella in case of the rain.
→You’d better take an umbrella in_case_it_rains.
(2)根据汉语提示完成片段
②As_is_often_the_case (这是常有的事), fire breaks out because of carelessness.③In_that_case (在那种情况下), remember to keep calm.④In_no_case (决不) can you jump from the top of a high building, which is dangerous.You may call 119 or 110 ⑤in_case_of (万一发生) an emergency and try to take some effective measures before the arrival of rescue ⑥in_case (以防) you get burnt.
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
根据语境选出point的词性和词义
(A)n.分 (B)n.观点 (C)n.意义
(D)n.尖 (E)n.地点 (F)v.指，指出
1．She needs to win this point to level the score.__A__
2．There’s really no point in arguing about this matter.__C__
3．Do you have a pencil with a sharper point？__D__
4．From my point of view, teachers are not well paid.__B__
5．The ground falls away from the highest point.__E__
6．No matter who points out our shortcomings, we will correct them.__F__
第二板块短语句型归纳集释
1．pull out使分离；拔掉某物；驶出
[教材原句] She pulled the eggs out and put them in a bowl.
她掏出鸡蛋，并把它们放在一个碗里。
pull away (汽车等)开走
pull down 拆毁；摧毁
pull in (火车)进站停靠；(汽车)靠边停靠
pull through 康复；痊愈
pull up 拔起(树、桩)等；停下来；阻止
①Whether the buildings in this area should_be_pulled_down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.
这个地区的建筑物是否需要拆毁还存在争议，人们还在寻找着其他可能的解决方法。
②Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull_through or not.
每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。
2．look out往外望；注意；留意；留神
[经典例句] She happened to look out of window and saw him pass by.
她偶然往窗外一望，看见他走了过去。
look out for 注意/当心……
look up to 尊敬；仰视
look into 调查；观察；窥视
look back (on/at) 回顾；回忆
①No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone looking_up_to you and wishing they were that high.
不管你多么看低自己，总有敬重你的人，并希望他们也(像你一样)那么高尚。
②When Mom looked_back_on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with so little money.
当妈妈回顾他们结婚初期的时候，她不知道是怎样用那么少的钱度日的。
③It is reported that the police will soon look_into the case of the two missing children.
据报道，警察将很快调查这两名失踪儿童的案件。
3．He told her that Johnsy had a very poor chance to_get_well_again.
他告诉她琼瑟恢复的可能性很小。
to get well again是动词不定式作后置定语。
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有next, only, last等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief等。
①Amy was the only person to_witness (witness) the car accident.
艾米是唯一一位目睹那场车祸的人。
②The ability to_express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
[名师指津] 如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面必须有必要的介词。
③She has been looking for a room to_live_in since she moved to Beijing.
自从她搬到北京以来，她就一直在找房子住。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①The bottom of the fish tank is covered with/by a layer of fine sand.
②He’ll hold the post of consul (领事) general for the United States at Shanghai.
③I keep on thinking (think) about where I left my purse.
④Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading (read)a book.
⑤Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.
⑥Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday morning at my office.
⑦Nobody will look up to you if you look down on/upon_yourself.
⑧He told the children not to pull up the young plants.
2．运用所学短语完成片段
Because of his poor performance at school, Tom ①had_a_very_poor_chance (没多大希望) to go to university.Tom’s mother decided not to permit him to ②keep_on (继续) playing computer games any more.She hoped to ③cure_him_of (矫正他) his bad habits.With the assistance of his mother, he ④got_interested_in (对……感兴趣) his study.Later on, he participated in the English competition held in our school, and won ⑤an_award_cup (一个奖杯)．
Ⅱ.重难点多练
动词不定式作后置定语面面观
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①He is always the first to_bear (bear) hardships and the last to_enjoy (enjoy) comforts.
②I don’t think him to be the best man to_do (do) the job because he is very careless.
(2)补全句子
③大多数人都知道居里夫人是获得诺贝尔奖的第一位女士，同时也是第一个两次获此殊荣的人。
Most people know that Marie Curie is the_first_woman_to_win the Nobel Prize, and the_first_person_to_win_it_twice.
[单元语基落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
2．Ann’s very ill, but with careful nursing she will pull through.
3．To save power, turn off the hot water after you take a shower.
4．It takes you more than just great imagination to do research work on the abstract theory.
5．Two weeks later, surgeons carried out the operation (operate) to rebuild his face.
6．Accompanied by cheerful (cheer) music, the children began to dance.
7．Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
8．The students are looking forward to having an opportunity to_explore (explore) society for reallife experience.
9．I can look out of the kitchen window while doing the dishes and see the flowers.
10．The doctor insisted that the patient (should)_be_operated (operate) on at once.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I am afraid your leg will have to be operated; there is no other way to stop the pain.operated后加on
2．Although this medicine can cure you with your illness, it has a bad effect on you.with→of
3．The Browns have a comfortable house to live.live后加in
4．Such knowledge is still useful when applying to similar situations in other countries.applying→applied
5．Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow in case of I forget.去掉第二个of
6．Besides, empathy can be a cure of loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.of→for
7．As is known to all, Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s masterpiece.masterpiece→masterpieces
8．When crossing the street, we should look out cars.out后加for
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
①When we get sick, we will go to the doctor’s and hope to cure us.②However, when we are faced with difficulties, we should try our best to solve them on our own.We should use
different_scientific_methods (不同的科学方法) to solve problems, which can make us find the most effective method.At last, all efforts will point_to (指向) success. Only_if (只有) we make efforts can we pull_off (做成) something.
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分
(1)get sick→catch_a_disease
(2)use→apply
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用现在分词作伴随状语改写句①
When_we_get_sick,_we_will_go_to_the_doctor’s,_hoping_to_cure_us.
(2)用省略的状语从句改写句②
However,_when_faced_with_difficulties,_we_should_try_our_best_to_solve_them_on_our_own.
