2020版新一线高考英语（新题型人教版）一轮复习教学案：第1部分必修3Unit4　Astronomy：thescienceofthestars

Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars[单词　拼写应用]核心单词1．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛2．solar adj.太阳的；日光的3．thus adv.因此；于是4．gentle adj.温和的；文雅的5．climate n．气候6．crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落7．pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力8．float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物9．system n．系统；体系；制度10．theory n．学说；理论[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。1．A truck went out of control and crashed (crash) into the back of a bus.2．He found something floating (float) on the lake，which frightened him.3．However，he was the gentlest (gentle) man I have ever known.4．When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled (pull) up a chair.5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)We are looking at the benefits of systems (system) which control their speed as a way of preventing that.拓展单词1．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的2．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地3．like vt.喜欢 prep.像→dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌→likely adj.可能的→unlike prep.与……不同；不像4．harm n．& vt.伤害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的5．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存6．puzzle vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 n．谜；难题→puzzled adj.感到困惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的7．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的8．biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家9．react v．反应→reaction n．反应；回应[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。1．There was a puzzled look on the little girl's face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle) 2．Last night we had a discussion，which became more and more violent.Finally we reached an  agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent) 3．Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health，but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)4．He often says that he doesn't believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others' religious freedom.(religion)5．Unlike me，my younger brother，a tall and strong young man，likes playing basketball very much.It is likely that he will become a Yao Ming in the future.(like)阅读词汇1．fundamental  adj. 基本的；基础的2．chain  n． 链子；连锁；锁链3．acid  n． 酸4．multiply  v． 乘；增加5．gravity  n． 万有引力；重力6．exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽7．satellite  n． 卫星；人造卫星8．spaceship  n． 宇宙飞船9．astronomy n． 天文学10．carbon n． 碳拓展联想1．un­前缀高频形容词集锦①unlike不像的②unfair    不公平的③unimportant   不重要的④unusual    不寻常的⑤unhappy    不幸福的⑥unfortunate   不幸运的⑦unnecessary不需要的2.以­ful 结尾的形容词①harmful  有害的②useful   有用的③helpful   有帮助的④powerful   强大的⑤careful   小心的⑥forgetful健忘的⑦sorrowful悲伤的3.后缀­ist名词荟萃①biologist生物学家②tourist  旅游者；游客③physicist  物理学家④scientist  科学家⑤psychologist  心理学家⑥specialist专家⑦artist艺术家熟词生义你知道下面句子中黑体词的汉语意思吗？1．(2017·浙江卷)Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now. 停车2．As we know，Japan，made up of a chain of islands that lie off the coast of Asia，is a country where natural disasters occur frequently.一系列；一连串3．Small businesses are finding it hard to survive in the present economic climate. 环境[短语　多维应用]高频短语1．in time及时；终于2．prevent ...from  阻止；制止3．now that  既然4．cheer up  感到高兴；感到振奋5．lay eggs  下蛋6．give birth to  产生；分娩[语境运用]　选用上边短语的适当形式填空。①Now that we all understand that the haze is harmful to our health，we should take effective measures to ②prevent it ③from getting from bad to worse.No matter what happens，we must ④cheer up and try to reduce the pollution.If we keep on，we'll succeed ⑤in time.7．in one's turn 轮到某人8．watch out for  密切注意；当心；提防9．depend on  依靠；取决于10．break out  突发；爆发11．block out  挡住(光线)12．get the hang of  熟悉；掌握；理解13．at midnight  在午夜[语境运用]　选用上边短语的适当形式填空。A fire ⑥broke out in the building last night.Luckily，the firefighters arrived in time and put out the fire.We were warned to ⑦watch out for electricity and gas when cooking our meals.Thanks to the firefighters' help，we were not injured.They are the men that we can ⑧depend on when we are in trouble.拓展联想1．表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃①watch out (for)     小心；当心②look out     当心③take care     小心④be careful     小心2．“v....from”表“阻止，禁止”短语①discourage sb.from doing sth.②stop/prevent sb.from doing sth.③ban sb.from doing sth.④keep sb.from doing sth.[句式　结构仿写]教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1.whether...or not 是否……。The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.他们是否能够通过交流达成协议还不清楚。It's not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or not.2.make it ＋adj.＋to do sth.。This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.我精通英语，这使我更容易找到一份好工作。I have a good command of English，which makes it easier for me to find a good job.3.倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as。But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.我付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信我这次能成功。I devoted three times as much time and energy as I did before，so I believe I will succeed this time.4.形容词作伴随状语。We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased.他在风雪中待了七天，又冷又饿。He spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry.精讲3个考纲单词1．harmful adj.有害的(1)单句语法填空①As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one's health.②As far as I'm concerned，there is no harm in making an apology to him first.(2)[链接写作]——一句多译众所周知，过量喝酒对你的健康有害。①It is known to us that drinking too much is harmful to your health.(harmful)②It is known to us that drinking too much does harm to your health.(harm n．)先理解再牢记 (1)be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害(2)对某人有害(3)做某事没有坏处[佳句背诵]　These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment.2.exist vi.存在；生存(1)单句语法填空①Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence(exist)．②You can't imagine what difficulty they have existing (exist) on the money he is earning.③There exists a wide range of different opinions among the committee members.(2)[链接写作]——完成句子虽然许多人有了汽车，但是停车却是个现存的问题。Many people have cars of their own，but parking is an existing problem.先理解再牢记 (1)exist in...存在于……之中exist on...靠……为生There exists...某地有……；存在……(2)existence n．存在；生存come into existence产生；成立；开始存在(3)existing adj.现存的；现行的[名师点津]　exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。existing是只作定语的形容词。3.puzzle vt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)窘困；感到迷惑 n．(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜(1)单句语法填空①When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question, she stood there with a puzzled look on her face. (puzzle)②She lost heart since she failed in the exam, because her future was puzzling (puzzle)．③The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.(2)[链接写作]——完成句子事实上， 困扰你的事情对于中国的许多父母来说也是一个难题。What puzzles you is actually a puzzle to many parents in China.先理解再牢记 (1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb.  一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj.  令人迷惑的(4)puzzled adj.  迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about  对……迷惑不解[名师点津]　以­ed结尾的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。诠释3个核心短语1．in time及时；终于；迟早(1)单句语法填空①All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.③Luckily, I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal  in no time.(2)[链接写作]——完成句子我坚信我们的努力迟早会有所回报。I hold the firm belief that our efforts will pay off sooner or later/in time.先理解再牢记 (1)in no time立刻； 马上at no time  决不(位于句首时，句子须用部分倒装结构)at a time每次；一次at times有时，偶尔at one time曾经；一度at the same time同时from time to time有时； 偶尔(2)take one's time别着急；慢慢来kill time消磨时间2.in one's turn轮到某人(1)单句语法填空①At the meeting they took turns to put(put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.②Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.(2)[链接写作]——一句多译两个女儿轮流照顾生病的母亲。①The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns.②The two daughters took turns to look after their sick mother.先理解再牢记 in turn依次； 轮流； 反之； 反过来by turns  轮流； 交替地take turns to do sth.轮流做某事It is one's turn to do sth.  轮到某人做某事[佳句背诵]　People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，which in turn creates more problems.3.cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋(1)单句语法填空①Cheer Mary up, and things will work out for the best.②Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级(普通表达)When I'm feeling sad，my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.(高级表达)When I'm feeling depressed，my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.先理解再牢记 (1)cheer sb.up使某人振作起来cheer sb.on   (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油cheer for  为……而欢呼(2)Cheers!  [口语](用于祝酒)干杯！[佳句背诵]　I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 突破2个高考句型1．(教材P26)This produced a chain reaction，which  made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。[要点提炼]　make it＋adj./n.＋for sb.to do sth.，其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是动词不定式。(1)单句语法填空①People in the west make it a rule to buy(buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.②I consider it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it.(2)[链接写作]——一句多译随着一天天过去，我发现很难和他相处。①With days going by，I found (that) it was hard to get along well with him.(宾语从句)②With days going by，I found it hard to get along well with him.(不定式作宾语)先理解再牢记 (1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句make＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do不定式make＋it＋no good/no use...＋doing sth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。2.(教材P31)But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。[要点提炼]　twice as far as...是倍数的一种表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。(1)单句语法填空①This big stone is three times as heavy(heavy) as that one.②There are four times more(many) books in our library than in yours.(2)[链接写作]——一句多译正在修建的教学楼是那栋教学楼的三倍高。①The teaching building being built now is three times as high as that one. (high)②The teaching building being built now is three times higher than that one.(higher)③The teaching building being built now is three times the height of that one.(height)先理解再牢记 英语中常见的倍数表达法：A＋be＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as BA＋be＋倍数＋比较级＋than BA＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋of BA＋倍数＋what 从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”[名师点津]　在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数、half等来替换。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The woman physicist gave ( give ) birth to a fine healthy girl last year.2．No one can account for the reason why the fire broke (break) out so suddenly.3．The two theories ( theory) he put forward finally proved scientific.4．As is known to us, the People's Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.5．Not all people are aware of the various effects of global (globe) warming on Earth.6．It doesn't matter much whether Tom will come to the party or not tonight.7．Newton was one of the greatest physicists(physics) in the world and many people admire him very much.8．Unlike(like) most people in the office who come to work by car，I usually come to work by bus.9．The conversation was carried on in a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.10．The new teacking building being built now will be three times higger than the present one.Ⅱ.课文语法填空根据P25－26课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The earth was just a cloud of dust 1.whose future is uncertain after the  “Big Bang”. Then the dust began to settle into a solid ball which was so 2.violent(violence) and exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time 3.to produce(produce) many things，which made the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear and it allowed the earth to dissolve 4.harmful(harm) gases. Then life began to develop.Many millions of years later，small plants appeared.They multiplied and 5.filled(fill) the oceans and seas with oxygen. Land 6.animals(animal) followed after the first green plants appeared. Then small clever animals spread all 7.over the earth.Humans developed new means of growing, hunting and moving around.As time went by they covered the earth. Now too much carbon dioxide has been put into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from 8.escaping(escape) from the earth into space. As 9.a result, the problem of global warming occurs.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years 10.to come(come) will depend on whether this problem can be solved.Ⅲ.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.”This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism.The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection：whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out，there is a strong appeal in images of the wild，the untouched；more than anything else.The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong，and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real.Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests，for example，store carbon in vast quantities.To Mr.Sauven，these“ecosystem services”far outweigh the gains from exploitation.Lee Lane，a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute，takes the opposing view.He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services，such as water conservation.But that is not a reason to avoid all human presence，or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation.There are ever more people on the Earth，and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives，rather than merely struggle for survival.While the ways of using resources have improved，there is still a growing need for raw materials，and some wildernesses contain them in abundance.If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide，there is no further reason not to do so.Being untouched is not，in itself，a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forward to seeing these views taken further，and to their being challenged by the other participants.One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take a little more directly.And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.        【参考范文】People hold different views on the position of the wilderness in environmental protection.(要点1)John Sauven says that preserving wildernesses outweighs exploitation as the nature provides useful services.(要点2)While Lee Lane holds the opposite view that the wilderness should be exploited to satisfy the growing need for raw materials.(要点3)For the author，both opinions are still faced with challenges，so more serious thinking is needed.(要点4)