2020版新一线高考英语（人教版）一轮复习教学案：第1部分必修3Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars

Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars

 [单词　拼写应用]

核心单词

1．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛

2．solar adj.太阳的；日光的

3．thus adv.因此；于是

4．gentle adj.温和的；文雅的

5．climate n．气候

6．crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落

7．pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力

8．float vi.& vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮

n．漂浮物

9．system n．系统；体系；制度

10．theory n．学说；理论

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．A truck went out of control and crashed (crash) into the back of a bus.

2．He found something floating (float) on the lake，which frightened him.

3．However，he was the gentlest (gentle) man I have ever known.

4．When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled (pull) up a chair.

5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)We are looking at the benefits of systems (system) which control their speed as a way of preventing that.

拓展单词

1．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的

2．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地

3．like vt.喜欢 prep.像→dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌→likely adj.可能的→unlike prep.与……不同；不像

4．harm n．& vt.伤害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的

5．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存

6．puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n．谜；难题→puzzled adj.感到困惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的

7．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的

8．biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家

9．react v．反应→reaction n．反应；回应

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．There was a puzzled look on the little girl's face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)

2．Last night we had a discussion，which became more and more violent．Finally we reached an  agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent)

3．Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health，but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)

4．He often says that he doesn't believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others' religious freedom.(religion)

5．Unlike me，my younger brother，a tall and strong young man，likes playing basketball very much.It is likely that he will become a Yao Ming in the future.(like)

阅读词汇

1．fundamental  adj.基本的；基础的

2．chain  n．链子；连锁；锁链

3．acid  n．酸

4．multiply  v．乘；增加

5．gravity  n．万有引力；重力

6．exhaust  vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽

7．satellite  n．卫星；人造卫星

8．spaceship  n．宇宙飞船

9．astronomy n．天文学

10．carbon n．碳

拓展联想

1.un­前缀高频形容词集锦

①unlike不像的

②unfair    不公平的

③unimportant   不重要的

④unusual    不寻常的

⑤unhappy    不幸福的

⑥unfortunate   不幸运的

⑦unnecessary不需要的

2.以­ful 结尾的形容词

①harmful  有害的

②useful   有用的

③helpful   有帮助的

④powerful   强大的

⑤careful   小心的

⑥forgetful健忘的

⑦sorrowful悲伤的

3.后缀­ist名词荟萃

①biologist生物学家

②tourist  旅游者；游客

③physicist  物理学家

④scientist  科学家

⑤psychologist  心理学家

⑥specialist专家

⑦artist艺术家

熟词生义

你知道下面句子中黑体词的汉语意思吗？

1．(2017·浙江卷)Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now. 停车

2．As we know，Japan，made up of a chain of islands that lie off the coast of Asia，is a country where natural disasters occur frequently.

一系列；一连串

3．Small businesses are finding it hard to survive in the present economic climate. 环境

[短语　多维应用]

[句式　结构仿写]

精讲3个考纲单词

1．harmful adj.有害的

(1)单句语法填空

①As we all know，a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one's health.

②As far as I'm concerned，there is no harm in making an apology to him first.

(2)[链接写作]——一句多译

众所周知，过量喝酒对你的健康有害。

①It is known to us that drinking too much is_harmful_to_your _health．(harmful)

②It is known to us that drinking too much does_harm_to_your _health．(harm n．)

先理解再牢记

(1)be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害

(2)对某人有害

(3)

[佳句背诵]　These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are common，causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment.

2.exist vi.存在；生存

(1)单句语法填空

①Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence(exist)．

②You can't imagine what difficulty they have existing (exist) on the money he is earning.

③There exists a wide range of different opinions among the committee members.

(2)[链接写作]——完成句子

虽然许多人有了汽车，但是停车却是个现存的问题。

Many people have cars of their own，but parking is_an_existing_problem．

先理解再牢记

(1)exist in...存在于……之中

exist on...靠……为生

There exists...某地有……；存在……

(2)existence n．存在；生存

come into existence  产生；成立；开始存在

(3)existing adj.现存的；现行的

[名师点津]　exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。existing是只作定语的形容词。

3.puzzle vt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)窘困；感到迷惑 n．(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜

(1)单句语法填空

①When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question，she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle)

②She lost heart since she failed in the exam，because her future was puzzling (puzzle)．

③The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.

(2)[链接写作]——完成句子

事实上，困扰你的事情对于中国的许多父母来说也是一个难题。

What_puzzles_you_is_actually_a_puzzle_to many parents in China.

先理解再牢记

(1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索

(2)a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情

(3)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的

(4)puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的

be puzzled about  对……迷惑不解

[名师点津]　以­ed结尾的形容词，如puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。

诠释3个核心短语

1．in time及时；终于；迟早

(1)单句语法填空

①All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.

②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At one time，I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.

③Luckily，I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal  in no time.

(2)[链接写作]——完成句子

我坚信我们的努力迟早会有所回报。

I hold the firm belief that our efforts will_pay_off_sooner_or_later/in _time.

先理解再牢记

(1)in no time立刻；马上

at no time  决不(位于句首时，句子须用部分倒装结构)

at a time  每次；一次

at times有时，偶尔

at one time  曾经；一度

at the same time  同时

from time to time  有时；偶尔

(2)take one's time  别着急；慢慢来

kill time  消磨时间

2.in one's turn轮到某人

(1)单句语法填空

①At the meeting they took turns to_put(put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.

②Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.

(2)[链接写作]——一句多译

两个女儿轮流照顾生病的母亲。

①The two daughters looked after their sick mother by_turns．

②The two daughters took_turns_to look after their sick mother.

先理解再牢记

in turn依次；轮流；反之；反过来

by turns  轮流；交替地

take turns to do sth.轮流做某事

It is one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事

[佳句背诵]　People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，which in turn creates more problems.

3.cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋

(1)单句语法填空

①Cheer Mary up，and things will work out for the best.

②Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.

(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级

(普通表达)When I'm feeling sad，my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.

(高级表达)When I'm feeling depressed，my mother tells me funny stories to cheer_me_up．

先理解再牢记

(1)cheer sb.up使某人振作起来

cheer sb.on   (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油

cheer for  为……而欢呼

(2)Cheers!  [口语](用于祝酒)干杯！

[佳句背诵]　I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely!

突破2个高考句型

1．(教材P26)This produced a chain reaction，which  made_it_ possible_for_life_to_develop．

这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。

[要点提炼]　make it＋adj./n.＋for sb.to do sth.，其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是动词不定式。

(1)单句语法填空

①People in the west make it a rule to_buy(buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.

②I consider it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it.

(2)[链接写作]——一句多译

随着一天天过去，我发现很难和他相处。

①With days going by，I found (that)_it_was_hard_to_get_along well with him.(宾语从句)

②With days going by，I found it_hard_to_get_along well with him.(不定式作宾语)

先理解再牢记

(1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句

make＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do不定式

make＋it＋no good/no use...＋doing sth.

(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。

2.(教材P31)But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.

而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

[要点提炼]　twice as far as...是倍数的一种表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。

(1)单句语法填空

①This big stone is three times as heavy(heavy) as that one.

②There are four times more(many) books in our library than in yours.

(2)[链接写作]——一句多译

正在修建的教学楼是那栋教学楼的三倍高。

①The teaching building being built now is_three_times_as_high_as that one.(high)

②The teaching building being built now is_three_times_higher_than that one.(higher)

③The teaching building being built now is_three_times_the_height_of that one.(height)

先理解再牢记

英语中常见的倍数表达法：

A＋be＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as B

A＋be＋倍数＋比较级＋than B

A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋of B

A＋倍数＋what 从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”

[名师点津]　在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数、half等来替换。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The woman physicist gave ( give ) birth to a fine healthy girl last year.

2．No one can account for the reason why the fire broke ( break ) out so suddenly.

3．The two theories ( theory) he put forward finally proved scientific.

4．As is known to us，the People's Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.

5．Not all people are aware of the various effects of global (globe) warming on Earth.

6．It doesn't matter much whether Tom will come to the party or not tonight.

7．Newton was one of the greatest physicists(physics) in the world and many people admire him very much.

8．Unlike(like) most people in the office who come to work by car，I usually come to work by bus.

9．The conversation was carried on in a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.

10．The new teacking building being built now will be three times higger than the present one.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．The sun heats the earth，which makes possible for plants to grow.makes后加it

2．Wandering in the countryside，I could feel the wind gentle blowing through my hair.gentle→gently

3．There is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches as many as sixty inches.many→much

4．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere that his employees enjoy their work.that→where

5．The twin brothers stood under the tree，puzzling and saying nothing.

puzzling→puzzled

Ⅰ.课文语法填空

根据P25－26课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The earth was just a cloud of dust 1.whose future is uncertain after the  “Big Bang”．Then the dust began to settle into a solid ball which was so 2.violent(violence) and exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time 3.to_produce(produce) many things，which made the earth's atmosphere.As the earth cooled down，water began to appear and it allowed the earth to dissolve 4.harmful(harm) gases.Then life began to develop.

Many millions of years later，small plants appeared.They multiplied and 5.filled(fill) the oceans and seas with oxygen.Land 6.animals(animal) followed after the first green plants appeared.Then small clever animals spread all 7.over the earth.

Humans developed new means of growing，hunting and moving around.As time went by they covered the earth.Now too much carbon dioxide has been put into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from 8.escaping(escape) from the earth into space.As 9.a result，the problem of global warming occurs.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years 10.to_come(come) will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

Ⅱ.写作改错双练

根据提示运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并改正学生习作。

1．据报道今年我们这里发生火灾的次数是去年的3倍。(three times as many fires as)

2．上个星期六，光明路上的一家百货商场发生大火。(break out)

3．路上有那么多车辆和人以至于消防人员不能通过，消防车很难靠近现场。(get through；get close to)

4．依靠他们丰富的经验，消防人员最终阻止了火灾的蔓延。(depend on；prevent...from)

5．显而易见，我们是否能阻止火灾取决于我们是否有安全意识。(a sense of safety)

第一步：练写作

用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。

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第二步：练改错

下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。

It is reported that we have had three times as much fires as last year.Last Saturday，a big fire break out in a department store in Guangming Road.There were such many people and cars in the street that firefighters couldn't get through，which made it difficult for the fire trucks to get closely to the scene.Depending on their rich experience，the firemen prevented the fire from spreading eventually.It is obvious that whether we can stop fire disasters depends on whether we have a sense of safe.

【答案】　

It is reported that we have had three times as  fires as last year.Last Saturday，a big fire  out in a department store in Guangming Road.There were  many people and cars in the street that firefighters couldn't get through，which made it difficult for the fire trucks to get  to the scene.Depending on their rich experience，the firemen prevented the fire from spreading eventually.It is obvious that whether we can stop fire disasters depends on whether we have a sense of .