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2020版高考新创新一轮复习英语译林版学案：选修7Unit4Publictransport
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Unit 4 Public transport
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．rail n． 铁路；栏杆，扶手；横杆
2．outer adj. 远离中心的，外围的；
外表的，表层的
3．metropolitan adj. 大城市的，大都会的
4．tunnel n. 地下通道，隧道
5．section n. 部分；部件；部门
6．ownership n. 所有权，产权
7．architect n. 建筑师
8．prime adj. 首要的，主要的_
n. 盛年；鼎盛时期
9．minister n. 部长，大臣；牧师
10．userfriendly adj. 方便用户的，便于使用的_
11．platform n. 站台，月台；平台；讲台，舞台_
12．handful n. 少量的人或物；一把(的量)
13．choke vi.& vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞
n. 哽咽声，呛住的声音
14．interval n. 间隔，间隙
15．pedestrian n. 行人，步行者
adj. 行人(使用)的
16．crash n．& vi.& vt. 撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃
17.brake n． 刹车，车闸
vt. 用车闸减速，刹车
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．detail n. 具体情况，详情，细节
2．authority n. 权力，权威；官方，当权者；批准，授权
3．enlarge vt.& vi. 扩大，扩展，增大
4．anniversary n. 周年纪念日
5．split vi.& vt. 分割，(使)分开；撕开，割破
6．annual adj. 每年的，一年一次的
7．departure n. 离开，出发；背离，违反
8．timetable n. 时间表，时刻表
9．drunk adj. 喝醉的
n. 醉汉，酒鬼
10．convey vt. 运送，输送；表达
11．postpone vt. 延迟，延期
12．undertake vt.& vi. 承担，从事；承诺，答应
13．arise vi. 出现，产生
14．reservation n. 预订，预约；保留意见
15．load n. 负荷，负载；大量，许多
vt. 装载，装上，装入
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．cyclist n．骑自行车的人→cycle v．骑自行车
2．unfortunately adv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n．幸运，财富
3．unbelievable adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的→believable adj.可信的→believe v．相信
4．growth n．增加，增长；成长，生长→grow v．长大，生长
5．enquiry n．询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究→enquire v．询问，打听
6．receptionist n．接待员→reception n．接待处；欢迎；接待→receive vt.接待，招待
7．punctual adj.准时的，守时的→punctually adv.准时地，守时地→punctuality n．准时，守时
8．aggressive adj.好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的→aggression n．好斗情绪，攻击性→aggressor n．侵略者，挑衅者
9．violate vt.违犯，违反；侵犯→violation n．违反
10．crossing n．人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越→cross vt.穿过
[语境活用]
1．Yesterday I received a present. I don't know who sent it, but I'll make careful enquiries. I'm writing to my friends to enquire about it.(enquiry)
2．When we got to that hotel, we were well received. We would appreciate it if the hotel receptionist can call a taxi for us when we check out tomorrow. Thus we will think well of their reception.(receive)
3．Her teachers did a lot for her growth. So when she grew up, she frequently visited them on festivals.(grow)
4．The officer involved was dismissed because he had violated strict guidelines. Now he regrets his violation of the rules.(violate)
5．She cycled too fast round the corner, lost her balance and fell off. What was worse, she ran into another cyclist.(cycle)
6．When you cross the street at a pedestrian crossing,_you can't be too careful.(cross)
7．Believe in yourself and work harder than others. Then you can do unbelievable things.(believable)
8．He wanted to make a fortune in the USA, but unfortunately,_he died halfway.(fortune)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.drop_off 中途下客或卸货
2．link_up 联合，连接
3．put_through 给某人接通(电话)；使经历
4．decide_on/upon 决定，选定
5．put_off 推迟，推延；使反感
6．turn_up 出现，到来；调高(音量等)
7．fill_in 填写(表格)；消磨(时间)
8．split_up 分组，分解；分离
9．speed_up (使)加速
10．arise_from 起因于，由……引起
11．at_(...)_intervals 每隔……距离或时间
12．a_handful_of 少数的，少量的
13．result_in 造成
14．in_good_condition 身体健康，状况好
15．in_connection_with 与……有联系
16．in_need_of 需要
17．watch_out_for 小心
18．be_aimed_at 旨在，目的是
19．look_both_ways 左顾右盼
20．step_into 步入，走进
1.We have many activities aimed_at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking.
2．Can you speed_up your work a little? The manager can't wait to see the result.
3．I rang you several times this morning but your secretary could not put me through to you.
4.I called him to tell you that if it should rain tomorrow, we would put_off_the sports meeting.
5．Scientists can link_up distant countries by radio or telephone.
6．He told me that the serious accident arose_from the driver's false operation.
7．The driver picks up two students along the highway every morning and drops them off at Oxford.
8．I want to know if you have decided_on/upon where you'll spend your holidays.
9．Before leaving, he went into his office to fill_in the daily time sheet.
10．It is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted_in this increase in carbon dioxide.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.So, why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？
“why not＋动词原形”表示“为什么不……”，常用来提出建议。
(2017·北京高考满分作文)既然你喜欢爬山，为什么不选择去泰山旅行呢？
Since you like climbing the mountain, why_not_choose the trip to Mount Tai？
2.Below are some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries, and what drivers should do to prevent them.
以下是机动车如小汽车、小型巴士和货车引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及司机为防止事故应采取的措施。
完全倒装句：表示地点、方向的副词或介词短语置于句首，主语较长，此时常使用倒装。
(2017·浙江高考写作佳句)沿途全是大树，如果累了我们可以乘凉。
Along the road are_tall_trees,_we can relax in a cool place if we're tired.
3.It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
靠注意道路安全来确保避免事故，这就取决于我们大家，即道路使用者。
It is up to sb. to do sth.意为“由某人决定做某事”。
生命给予你时间与空间。如何填满它是你自己的事。
Life provides you with time and space.It's_up_to_you__to_fill it_up.
二、课堂重点深化
1．convey vt.运送，输送；表达，传达
[自主体验]
完成句子
①We conveyed_our_goods_from_here_to_market in an old truck.
我们用一辆旧卡车把货物从这里运送到市场。
②At that moment words couldn't convey_my_emotions.
在那一刻，语言无法表达我的情感。
③I wish to take this opportunity to ask you to convey_my_best_regards_to_your_mother.
我希望借此机会向你妈妈致以我最美好的祝愿。
[系统归纳]
convey one's feelings/meanings/appreciation/affection/emotions
表达某人的感情/意思/感谢/喜爱/情感
convey sth. to sb. 向某人表达/传递某物
convey sb./sth. from A to B 把某人或某物从A地运送到B地
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④When I returned home, I tried to convey the wonder of this machine for my husband.for→to
佳句时时写
⑤(2011·大纲卷全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我想表达的意思是：我在记笔记方面有一些困难并且我不知道如何使用图书馆。
What_I_want_to_convey_is_that_I_have_some_difficulties_with_notetaking_and_I_don't_know_how_to_use_the_library.
2. postpone vt.延迟，延期
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The only practicable alternative is to postpone holding (hold) the meeting.
②He decided to postpone the expedition until/to the following day.
③The postponement (postpone) was due to a dispute over where the talks should be held.
[系统归纳]
(1)postpone sth.(to/until ...) 推迟某事(到……)
postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事
(2)postponement n. 延迟，延期
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④I shall postpone to make a decision till/until I learn full details.to_make→making
佳句时时写
⑤(2012·湖北高考书面表达)每当我遇到困难，我从不拖延解决它们。
Whenever_I_met_with_difficulties,_I_never_postponed_solving_them.
3. undertake vt.& vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应
[自主体验]
完成句子
①We_cannot_undertake_that we shall finish the task in time.
我们无法保证按时完成这项任务。
②She is glad to undertake_to_sweep_the_rooms and set them in order.
她愿意负责把房间打扫干净，整理得有条不紊。
③They are willing to undertake_the_responsibility for the changes.
他们愿意承担这些变革的责任。
[系统归纳]
undertake to do sth. 答应/同意做某事
undertake responsibility/a task/a project 承担责任/任务/工程
undertake that ... 保证/承诺……
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④If the equipment is not up to the agreed specifications and quality, we will undertake replace them.replace前加to
佳句时时写
⑤(2009·陕西高考书面表达)其次，你应该承诺做好自己的事情，向你的妈妈证明你已经是一个“成年人”。
Second,_you_should_undertake_to_do_your_own_things_well,_proving_to_your_mom that_you_are_already_a_“grownup”．
4. reservation n．预订，预约；保留意见
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Customers are advised to make seat reservations (reserve) in advance.
②We've reserved a single room for you at the garden hotel.
完成句子
③I support this measure, but it doesn't mean that I support you without_reservation.
我支持这项措施，但这并不意味着我会无条件地支持你。
④I think I'd better call them to make_a_reservation for tonight.
我想我最好给他们打电话为今天晚上作个预约。
⑤Are you for building highways in_a_wildlife_reserve?
你赞成在野生动物保护区修公路吗？
[系统归纳]
(1)without reservation 无保留地，无条件地
make a reservation 预订(房间、票)；预约
(2)reserve n. 储备，储存；自然保护区
v. 储备，保留，预约
reserve sth. for sb./sth. 为某人/某物预约/保留某物
be reserved for 留作，(专)供……之用
a wildlife reserve 野生动物保护区
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥So if you are going to visit a friend, it is necessary to make reservation.
reservation前加a
佳句时时写
⑦(2013·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你能到机场接我叔叔并把他带到预订好的宾馆吗？
Would_you_please_meet_my_uncle_at_the_airport_and_take_him_to_the_reserved hotel?
5. arise vi.出现，产生；(由……)引起；起身；起床
[自主体验]
完成句子
①Science arose_from/out_of the practical necessity of dealing with everyday problems.
科学产生于人们处理日常问题的实际需要。
②Children should be disciplined when/if_the_need_arises.
必要时孩子们应受到管教。
[系统归纳]
arise from ＝ arise out of 由……引起/产生
if/when the need arises 如果/当有需要时
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(rise/arise)
③As a result of this rapid development, however, many problems have arisen.
④The temperature in the room is rising higher and higher.
佳句时时写
⑤(2009·陕西高考书面表达)你面临的问题不断出现，在我们青少年中很普遍。
The_problem_you_are_facing_keeps_arising_and_it_is_common_among_us_teenagers.
6. load n．[C]负荷，负载；大量，许多vt.装载，装上，装入
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①They loaded themselves with food, medical supplies, and oxygen equipment.
②The good news has taken a load off my mind.
完成句子
③Uncle Jim brought a_load_of/loads_of_presents for the kids.
吉姆大叔给孩子们带来了许多礼物。
④Knowing he was safe loaded_off_my_mind.
得知他平安以后，我如释重负。
[系统归纳]
(1)a load of ＝ loads of 大量，许多
take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑
(2)load ...with ... 用……装载……
load ... into/onto ... 把……装到……上去
load off one's mind 去除某人的精神负担
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤Loading with 35 tons of equipment and materials, a Red Cross plane has landed in Burma safely.Loading→Loaded
佳句时时写
⑥(2012·辽宁高考书面表达)作为一名学生读者，我写信的目的是想谈谈你们出版社出版的英语教材，它有很多优点。
As_a_student_reader,_I'm_writing_to_talk_about_the_English_textbooks_published_by_your_publisher,_which_have_a_load_of_advantages.
1．link up联合，连接；使结合；使连接
[自主体验]
完成句子
①The new road would be needed to link_up_with the main road.
这条新路需要与主干道路相连。
②The local government plans to build a railway to link_up the two islands.
当地政府计划建一条铁路把这两个岛屿连起来。
③Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has_been_linked_with/to an increased risk of heart disease.
肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式被认为会增加患心脏病的几率。
[系统归纳]
link up with 与……联合/汇合/碰头
link ... with/to ... 将……和……联系或连接起来
be linked to/with 与……有关
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④He insisted that the discussions must not be linking to any other issue.linking→linked
佳句时时写
⑤(2011·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我可以了解所有与这周相关的重要事情。
I_can_learn_all_important_things_that_are_linked_with_the_week.
2．put through给某人接通(电话)；使经历；使成功；使通过；完成
[系统归纳]
break through 突破；突围
cut through 抄近路穿过；克服；穿透
get through 通过；接通电话；使(某人)理解
go through 通过；经历；仔细查看；查阅
look through 仔细检查；浏览
see through 看穿，识破；看透
[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①It took firemen two hours to cut_through the drive belt to free him.
②Both the boys were put_through the pains they had never experienced before.
③She decides to work hard and break_through all the difficulties in English.
④You'd better look_through your notes before the midterm examination.
⑤He tried to trick us, but we saw_through his game.
⑥We must go_through the account books together; there's still some money missing.
⑦If you dial the wrong area code, you will not get_through.
佳句时时写
⑧(2010·湖北高考书面表达)微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。
A_smile_can_help_us_get_through_difficult_situations_and_find_friends_in_a_world_of_strangers.
3．speed up (使)加速
[自主体验]
完成句子
①A car passed him at_top_speed,_sounding its horn.
那辆车鸣着喇叭，以最高速从他身边驶过。
②Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed_up to reach our destinations.
显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。
③The plane is flying at_a_speed_of 200 miles an hour.
飞机正以每小时二百英里的速度飞行。
④Our car was running with_all_speed on the expressway.
我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶。
[系统归纳]
at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of ... 以……速度
with great/all speed 以很快的速度/全速
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤Travelling at speed of over 400 kilometres per hour, the train can complete the 30kilometre journey in eight minutes.at后加a
佳句时时写
⑥(2017·浙江高考书面表达)Mac跳下自行车，以最快的速度向汽车后门冲去。
Mac_jumped_off_his_bicycle_and_dashed_for_the_back_door_of_the_car_at_full speed.
4．why not＋动词原形
[教材原句] So, why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
[自主体验]
①What you need is a change of surroundings. Why_not_go/Why_don't_you_go_on a cruise?
你需要换换环境。为什么不乘船去旅行呢？
②—May I go with you?
—Why_not?
——我可以和你一起去吗？
——可以呀。
[归纳点拨]
(1)why not后跟不带to的动词不定式，用来提出建议，表示“为什么不做……呢，做……如何”，相当于Why don't you do ...?
(2)why not可单独使用，表示同意，意为“当然可以，好啊，干嘛不”。
(3)表示“建议”的常见句型还有：
Let's do ... 让我们做……
Shall we do ...? 让我们做……，好吗？
Would you like to do ...? 你想(愿意)做……吗？
Will you please do ...? 请你做……，好吗？
What/How about doing ...? 做……怎么样？
I suggest that sb.(should) do ... 我建议某人做……
You'd better (not) do ... 你最好(不)做……
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2017·北京高考书面表达)I suggest you choose the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese nation.
②(增分要点句)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)To learn Tang poetry well, you'd better get some information about Tang Dynasty before class.
5．It is up to sb.to do sth.
[教材原句] It_is_up_to_all_of_us_road_users_to_make_sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
[自主体验]
①It_is_up_to_you_to_decide when we will start.
由你来决定我们什么时候出发。
②Call in, or ring us up. It's_up_to_you.
你可以亲自来访，也可以打电话。由你定。
[归纳点拨]
It is up to sb.to do sth.为固定句式，多出现在口语中，意为“由某人决定做某事；做某事是某人的职责”。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2010·北京高考满分作文)It was up to me to search the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information.
②(精彩收尾句)(2017·北京高考满分作文)These are my suggestions but it is up to you to decide which route to choose.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．After the terrible earthquake, the government conveyed (运送) people to safer places.
2．I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have arisen (出现)．
3．Once you have undertaken (承诺) it, you should do it.
4．Do you mind if I postpone (推迟) that appointment until next week?
5．The truck was carrying a load (大量) of sand.
6．You can enlarge (扩大) your knowledge and learn some English at the same time.
7．The performance runs two hours thirty minutes including an interval (间隔)．
8．Would you please make my reservation (预订) to Chicago for tomorrow?
9．World Health Day is celebrated every year on 7 April, which marks the anniversary (周年纪念日) of WHO.
10．I felt as if there was a weight on my chest, choking (使窒息) me.
11．A dozen ideas were considered before the architect (建筑师) decided on the design of the building.
12．The scientists are still working on inventing methods of reaching outer (外部的) space.
13．He divided the field into different sections (部分), where different vegetables were grown.
14．The Oxford English Dictionary is the best authority (权威) on English words.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Unfortunately(unfortunate), due to unforeseen circumstances, this year's show has been cancelled.
2．Cyclists (cycle) are advised to wear helmets to reduce the risk of head injury.
3．I just want you to answer the question in a concrete and believable (unbelievable) phrase.
4．We've seen an enormous growth (grow) in the number of businesses using the Web.
5．A major enquiry (enquire) is underway after the death of a union official.
6．He put through an important business deal over the weekend.
7．A large reception (receptionist) was held in honor of the brave explorers.
8．The research shows that computer games may cause aggression (aggressive)．
9．I reserve my favorable comments for my former monitor.
10．The expert talked about how to make our statistical system link up with the international standards.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Owing to the bad weather, we decided to postpone leave.leave→leaving
2．I have taught some foreigners Mandarin for two years, which can help to take a load from your mind. from→off
3．The manager undertook to improving the working arrangements in six months. improving→improve
4．—It's getting dark.I must be off now.
—OK, please take care and convey my best wishes with your family.with→to
5．These changes arose differences in climate and nature.arose后加from
6．Why not to write to her? She needs your advice.去掉第一个to
7．On the chairs sitting three graduates, who came here for this job interview.sitting→sat
8．His breaking the rules resulted from his being fined.from→in
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The country's present difficulties arise_from/out_of the shortage of petroleum.
这个国家当前的困境是由石油短缺造成的。
2．They undertook_to_finish_the_task by Monday.
他们答应在星期一之前完成任务。
3．I'd like to make_a_reservation of the ticket flying to London for July 5.
我想预订7月5日飞往伦敦的机票。
4．How long will it take to load_the_coal_onto_the_truck?
装一卡车煤需要多少时间？
5．I find it hard to convey_my_feelings in words at the moment.
我发现此刻难以用言语表达我的感情。
6．It's_up_to_you_to_decide whether to carry out this plan or not.
应该由你来决定是否实施这一计划。
7．My work is_linked_with/to previous research.
我的工作和以前的研究相联系。
8．Why_don't_you_give_him_another_chance? After all, everybody makes mistakes.
为什么不再给他一次机会呢？毕竟，每个人都会犯错。
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“交通工具、交通设施”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——交通工具、交通设施
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①line ②travel ③traveler ④car
⑤rule ⑥truck ⑦traffic ⑧aircraft
⑨subway ⑩flight ⑪helicopter ⑫service
⑬price ⑭passenger ⑮railway ⑯popular
⑰wide ⑱arrive ⑲safety
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①distance n．距离 ②catch vt.赶上
③guarantee vt.保证 ④develop vt.开发；进步
⑤popularity n．普及，流行 ⑥benefit n．利益，好处
⑦vehicle n．车辆 ⑧available adj.可获得的
⑨impact n．影响 ⑩convenient adj.方便的
⑪highway n．公路 ⑫comfortable adj.舒适的
⑬consumption n．消费；消耗 ⑭reasonable adj.合理的
⑮offer vt.提供 ⑯firstclass adj.一流的
⑰transport n．& v．运输 ⑱crash n．撞车；碰撞
⑲monthly adj.每月的，每月一次的
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①make a reservation 预订
②pay for 为……而付钱
③car sharing 拼车
④make a trip to 做一次到……的旅行
⑤have access to 接近……
⑥highspeed transport 高速运输
⑦the global traffic volume 全球交通流量
⑧traffic congestion 交通拥堵
⑨account for 占……
⑩traffic jam 交通堵塞
⑪take the CRH train 乘坐高铁
⑫run at high speed 高速运行
⑬on schedule 按时
⑭through many channels 通过许多渠道
⑮have a good journey 旅途愉快
⑯express train 特快列车
⑰parking lot 停车场
⑱traffic signal/light 交通信号灯
(四)写作佳句背一背
①It takes me about 15 minutes to walk there but 5 minutes by bus.
②Many people would choose to take a taxi instead of walking or riding a bike.
③With the improvement of people's living conditions, more and more families have their own cars.
④It's high time we chose another better means of transport.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想来中国旅行，他写信向你了解他到北京后乘坐何种交通工具旅行比较适宜。请你给他写封回信，建议他乘坐高铁。建议理由：
1．便捷、准点；
2．舒适、安全；
3．购票方便、价格适宜。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：中国高铁 CRH (China Railway Highspeed)；自助售票机 selfservice ticket machine
Dear Peter，
I'm expecting you to come to China.
Yours，
Li Hua
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
take the CRH train, develop, popular, line, convenient, travel, wide, comfortable, run at high speed, arrive, on schedule, guarantee, safety, traveler, through many channels, price, reasonable, offer, firstclass, service, passenger, have a good journey
1．你最好坐高铁去。
You'd_better_take_the_CRH_train._
2．现在在中国它已得到了很好的发展并且很受欢迎。
It_has_been_well_developed_and_becomes_very_popular_in_China_nowadays.
3．它有很多不同的路线。
It_has_lots_of_different_lines.
4．旅行对你来说很方便。
It_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel.
5．中国高铁宽敞、舒适且高速运行。
The_CRH_trains_are_wide,_comfortable_and_run_at_high_speed.
6．它们按时到达并能保证旅客的安全。
They_arrive_on_schedule_and_guarantee_the_safety_of_travelers.
7．通过许多渠道买票很容易。
To_buy_tickets_through_many_channels_is_easy._
8．票价合理。
Prices_of_tickets_are_reasonable._
9．它为乘客提供一流的服务。
It_offers_firstclass_services_to_passengers._
10．我相信你会享受一次愉快的旅行。
I_am_sure_you_will_have_a_good_journey.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
11．在句1前加时间状语从句“当你到达北京时”。
When_you_arrive_in_Beijing,_you'd_better_take_the_CRH_train.
12．在句4中加入地点状语从句“无论你想去哪里”。
It_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel_wherever_you_want_to_go.
13．在句7中加入列举的事项“例如通过电话、互联网或自助售票机”。
To_buy_tickets_through_many_channels,_such_as_by_telephone,_through_the_Internet,_or_on_the_selfservice_ticket_machine_is_easy.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
14．用词汇spacious替换句5中的wide。
The_CRH_trains_are_spacious,_comfortable_and_run_at_high_speed.
15．用which引导的定语从句合并句11和句2。
When_you_arrive_in_Beijing,_you'd_better_take_the_CRH_train,_which_has_been_well_developed_and_becomes_very_popular_in_China_nowadays.
16．用it作形式主语改写句13。
It's_easy_to_buy_tickets_through_many_channels,_such_as_by_telephone,_through_the_Internet,_or_on_the_selfservice_ticket_machine.
17．用词汇enjoy替换句10中的have，然后用并列连词and合并句9、句10。
It_offers_firstclass_services_to_passengers_and_I_am_sure_you_will_enjoy_a_good_journey.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
用so， besides等衔接词汇连句成文
Dear_Peter，
I'm_expecting_you_to_come_to_China._When_you_arrive_in_Beijing,_you'd_better take_the_CRH_train,_which_has_been_well_developed_and_becomes_very_popular_in China_nowadays.
It_has_lots_of_different_lines,_so_it_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel_wherever_you want_to_go._The_CRH_trains_are_spacious,_comfortable_and_run_at_high_speed._They arrive_on_schedule_and_guarantee_the_safety_of_travelers._It's_easy_to_buy_tickets through_many_channels,_such_as_by_telephone,_through_the_Internet,_or_on_the_selfservice_ticket_machine._Besides,_prices_of_tickets_are_reasonable._It_offers_firstclass_services_to_passengers_and_I_am_sure_you_will_enjoy_a_good_journey.
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅰ.根据提示填空
The amount of time that people spend on travel is 1.1 hours per person per day in all societies. The average ❶distance (distant) traveled is 7,400 miles (12,000 km) per year. In total, the world population travels more than 16.6 trillion miles (23 trillion km) per year, 53% of which is by car, 26% by bus, 9% by rail, 9% by ❷highspeed_transport (高速运输) such as airplanes, and 3% by bicycle, boat and other means.
It is estimated (估计) that, due to developments in highspeed public transport, travel time will drop to only 12 minutes per person per day by 2050. Of ❸the_global_traffic_volume (全球交通流量), 35% will be by car, 20% by bus, 41% by highspeed transport, and 4% by rail.
At present, ❹traffic_congestion (交通拥堵) has a huge negative economic and environmental ❺impact (影响) across the world. Road congestion in the UK costs the UK economy ￡15 billion a year. It costs the US D|S100 billion a year. In Seattle, Washington for instance, a ❻driver (司机) spends an average (平均) of 59 hours caught in traffic each year. In the greater Seattle area there are more cars than people; each household makes an average of 10 motorcar trips a day. According to Sierra Club，“American cars and trucks ❼account_for (占……) 20 percent of the world's petroleum ❽consumption (consume)．”
The US has the most ❾highways (highway), but European roads are busier. In Europe, cars travel more than 600 miles (1,000 km) per road per year, compared to an average of 500 km per road in the US. The world's worst traffic_jam (交通堵塞) usually occurs during the summer on the road from Paris to Toulouse, France.
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
popularity， benefit， monthly， service， available， make a reservation， pay for， car sharing， make a big trip to， have access to
Car sharing is another way to drive green that's gaining in ❶popularity,_especially in urban areas. People who may not drive every day but still want a car to run errands (差事) or drive on weekends benefit most from ❷car_sharing. Car sharing is usually run by a ❸service like Zipcar, though there are nonprofit and informal car sharing services. Members pay a monthly fee and ❹have_access_to an entire fleet of cars when they need one. The cars are parked in fixed spots around the city, so members only need to ❺make_a_reservation,_and then go to the pickup spot.
Car sharing has major environmental ❻benefits because it lessens the number of cars on the road. Members don't drive just because they have a car. They plan trips, and if they don't need a car, they don't use one. Still, a car is ❼available to them if they need to ❽make_a_big_trip_to the grocery store, pick someone up at the airport or if they want to go to the beach for the day. Members also benefit by having access to a car without any of the headaches of ownership. They usually don't have to ❾pay_for gas, insurance or maintenance (保养)，and the monthly membership fee is less than a typical car payment. So if you really want to go green but aren't ready to totally give up a car yet, car sharing may be the way to go.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers managed to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (tunnel), which became known as the Tube.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture (architect)．
3．(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful (hand) of small carrots and was about to throw them away.
4．(2016·天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
5．(2015·湖北高考)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be punctual (punctually)．
6．(2014·福建高考)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth (grow)．
7．(2014·江西高考)It is unbelievable (believable) that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth.
8．(2014·广东高考)I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation (reserve)．
9．(2010·湖南高考)People often forget all the details (detail) that they hear in a telephone call.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
turn up, load, drop off, unfortunately
1．(2014·山东高考)__25__， Canadian medical schools did not accept women students at the time.Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study medicine at the Women's Medical College in Philadelphia.It took her five years to earn her medical degree.____________
2．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)As I pulled the bus over to __28__ a little girl, she handed me an earring saying I should keep it in case somebody claimed (认领) it.The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”．____________
3．(2010·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The nurse had him take a seat in the waiting area, telling him it would be at least 40 minutes before someone would be able to see him.I saw him looking at his watch and decided, since I was not busy — my patient didn't __41__ at the appointed hour, I would examine his wound.____________
4．(2009·江西高考)Carrying their heavy__38__， the two brothers walked along the riverbank, hardly noticing the distance or the sun beating down.____________
答案：1.Unfortunately 2.drop off 3.turn up 4.load
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：汽车、火车、飞机、轮船各种交通工具的发展大大提高了人们的出行速度，有效地节约了大量宝贵的时间，为人类经济的发展和社会的进步作出了巨大的贡献。但是交通工具的进步在给人类带来舒适和便捷的同时，也给人类生活带来一些负面影响，如交通事故、交通拥堵、环境污染等，这些社会焦点也是高考所关注的内容。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加彩词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and wellbeing among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing invehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custommade navigation (导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We're looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions (解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了智能交通团队建立移动实验室，研究老年人开车存在的问题和难点，帮助老年人安全驾驶。
32．What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A．To explore new means of transport.
B．To design new types of cars.
C．To find out older drivers' problems.
D．To teach people traffic rules.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are”可知，建立实验室的目的是要找出老年人开车有困难的地方，故选C。
33．Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A．It keeps them independent.
B．It helps them save time.
C．It builds up their strength.
D．It cures their mental illnesses.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For many older people ... having to rely on others.”可知，对于老年人来说，开车对保持他们生活的独立性至关重要，故选A。
34．What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A．Improve their driving skills.
B．Develop driverassist technologies.
C．Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D．Organize regular physical checkups.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，研究者正在研发车载式的技术以帮助老年人晚年依然能开车，故选B。
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．A New Model Electric Car
B．A Solution to Traffic Problems
C．Driving Services for Elders
D．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
解析：选D 标题归纳题。本文的关键词是老年人驾车，重点讲述了为了让他们安全驾车所进行的研究。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
抓大放小，掌控科普说明文
科普说明文因生词术语多、结构复杂、句意深奥的长难句多而显得晦涩难懂；因学术性强、抽象度高，解题难度相对较大。针对科普说明文，我们首先要明确一种观点，此类文章考查的是阅读能力、逻辑思维能力，而不是要求考生全面、系统、透彻弄懂相关的知识。基于此，我们在阅读时应做到明确说明对象，抓住行文脉络、篇章结构这个大局，放过生词术语、长难句式这些小点。在明确说明对象、行文结构的前提下，审读题目，带着问题查读原文，寻找答案。不必弄懂每一词、每一句的意思后再做题。
本文主要介绍了英国纽卡斯尔大学的研究团队为保证老年人自行驾车从而能够独立生活而进行的辅助驾驶系统的研发。文章介绍了老年司机面临的问题，指出研发团队致力于解决这些问题，让老年人可以一直享受开车的自由和乐趣。故35题应选D项。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·湖北七市联考)Real literary travelers often travel to the birthplace or residence of a writer, or to the setting of a famous scene. We've prepared a small list of literary travel destinations.
London, England
In London, literary landmarks are so common that “blue plaques” are often found on the homes or schools of famous writers. They have been introduced to show wellknown literary sites. One can be found at 221B Baker Street — the apartment of famous fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. But watch out for false plaques, such as the Jacob Von Hogflume's, where the inventor of time travel would live in 2189.
To truly experience literature in person, you can also visit StratforduponAvon, the birthplace of William Shakespeare, and watch nightly performances of his plays.
Rome, Italy
“Go to Rome — at once the Paradise，
The grave, the city, and the wilderness ...”
This is from an elegy (挽歌) to John Keats, who traveled to Rome in the hope that the air would cure his illness but died within three months. Despite the fact that Keats' visit was a quick one, Rome has a reminder of it — the KeatsShelley House.
Just across the street is the Antico Caffè Greco, a cafe frequented by famous authors like Dickens, Byron, Shelley ..., but you probably get the idea that this is somewhere any literary traveler has to go.
语篇解读：本文是一篇旅游指南，向文学旅行者介绍了伦敦和罗马的几个文学旅行景点。
1．According to the passage, true literary travelers are less likely to visit ________.
A．221B Baker Street
B．the Jacob Von Hogflume's
C．StratforduponAvon
D．the KeatsShelley House
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据London, England部分中的“But watch out for false plaques, such as the Jacob Von Hogflume's”中的关键词“watch out for”(留意)和“false”(假的)可知，B项正确。
2．What's the function of “blue plaques” in London?
A．To confuse literary travelers.
B．To introduce famous English writers.
C．To show nightly performances.
D．To represent famous literary landmarks.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据London, England部分中的“They have been introduced to show wellknown literary sites”可知，蓝牌代表著名的文学地标，故D项正确。
3．Why is the Antico Caffè Greco favored by literary travelers?
A．It is famous for offering coffee of high quality.
B．It was regularly visited by many famous writers.
C．It is located opposite the KeatsShelley House.
D．It is regarded as a reminder of Rome.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据Rome, Italy部分中的“a cafe frequented by famous authors”可知B项正确。
B
(2019·沈阳模拟)SYDNEY — Visitors to an Australian tourist hotspot have been advised to use umbrellas to protect themselves against dingo attacks, according to research.
Fraser Island, off the coast of Queensland, offers a rare opportunity to observe the native wild dogs, but people can occasionally meet dingoes acting in a threatening or aggressive manner toward them, resulting in human injury and, in one tragic case, death, according to a research paper published on Thursday in the Pacific Conservation Biology scientific journal.
Reviewing a wide range of measures to help manage wild animals, the researchers said moves to minimize harm from dingoes have included electric fencing and warning signs.However, “strong umbrellas” and “mild chemical irritant (刺激性的) sprays” could also offer personal protection.
Australian dingoes, which feature remarkably in native culture but are also viewed as a threat to livestock in some areas, are listed as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.The mediumsized dogs have broad heads, pointed muzzles, and red or yellow coats, and are found across the country except Tasmania, according to government agency Tourism Australia.
Fraser Island stretches over 123 kilometres in length and 22 kilometres at its widest point.With an area of 184,000 hectares, it is the largest sand island in the world.The island prides attractions such as its superb scenery and humpback whales, and is also home to the most pure strain of dingoes remaining in eastern Australia.
By bringing up instances of how an umbrella “rapidly opened in front of charging bears was enough to cause them to stop or move back”， the researchers said “an open, strong umbrella may also serve as useful protection against a dingo making a very close approach.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了澳洲野犬会对人类造成伤害，建议来澳大利亚的游客用雨伞来保护自己，不被澳洲野犬伤害。
4．Which of the following is TRUE about Australian dingoes?
A．They are fierce and big.
B．They are native and famous in Australia.
C．They can be found in every island of Australia.
D．They often cause harm to humans and livestock.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“the native wild dogs”和第四段第一句中的“which feature remarkably in native culture”可知，本题答案选B。
5．They are all attractions of Fraser Island EXCEPT ________.
A．bears B．dingoes
C．scenery D．humpback whales
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知， 弗雷泽岛上的看点有优美的景色、座头鲸和澳洲野犬，不包括熊，故选A项。
6．We can learn from the last paragraph that ________.
A．dingoes are as dangerous as bears in Australia
B．people always use umbrellas to frighten away bears
C．if umbrellas work on bears, so do they on dingoes
D．the umbrellas are specially designed against bears and dingoes
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断，如果雨伞对熊起作用的话，那么对澳洲野犬也会起作用，故本题选C。
C
(2019·兰州诊断)In the last few years, you may have noticed the term “microplastics” in the news. Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic from discarded (丢弃的) plastic bottles, bags and containers that end up in rivers, lakes and oceans. Because they are so tiny and hard to see, researchers set sail to collect water samples and estimate the amount of plastic in the ocean. The 5 Gyres Institute, an organization aimed at reducing plastic pollution in our oceans, estimates that 296,000 tons of plastic is floating in the world's oceans. But, if you think that oceans are the only water bodies with a microplastics problem, think again — the problem is also reported in the Chesapeake Bay, in our own backyard.
In a partnership with the 5 Gyres Institute, Trash Free Maryland took to the Chesapeake Bay in November to study the presence of microplastics in the water. Setting out from Deale, Maryland, the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl (拖网) for an hour at a time. The trawl was fitted with a coneshaped (锥形的) net, whose holes measure 330 microns (微米) wide, about the width of two to three strands of human hair. Water flows through the main opening and the fine mesh (网眼) of the net ensures anything suspended in the water is trapped behind.
In seven samples, the net picked up algae (海藻), trash, foam and plastic. According to the 5 Gyres Institute representative, the first sample collected contained almost 10 times the amount of plastic than would be collected in a typical ocean sample. The plastic found in the Chesapeake Bay samples included bits of bags, sheeting, fishing lines and microbeads, which are small plastic scrubbers (磨砂) found in the face wash, toothpaste and cleaning products. Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide. They are small enough to bypass water treatment systems' filters (过滤器) and end up in waterways. Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins (毒素) absorbed by microbeads and other microplastics could be passed on to organisms who mistake them for food and eat them, and could then be passed up higher and higher on the food chain, eventually reaching humans.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。通过介绍塑料微粒，人们能更多地了解塑料带给环境的污染。
7．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The description of the trawl.
B．The basic data of the water samples.
C．The process of collecting water samples.
D．The introduction of Trash Free Maryland.
解析：选C 段落大意题。根据第二段第二句中的“the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl (拖网) for an hour at a time”可知，第二段主要介绍收集水样的过程。
8．What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Bits of bags. B．Chemicals.
C．Microbeads. D．Microplastics.
解析：选C 代词指代题。根据画线词前一句的“Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide”可知，They在此处指前文提到的Microbeads。
9．How does the author prove plastic pollution can be harmful to people's health?
A．By analyzing the data.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By giving some examples.
D．By referring to scientists' views.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins (毒素) absorbed by microbeads ... eventually reaching humans”可知，通过参考科学家的观点作者证明了塑料污染对人体健康有害。
10．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A．To explain some new scientific terms to people.
B．To let people learn more about plastic pollution.
C．To urge governments to make environmental laws.
D．To tell people some new findings in scientific research.
解析：选B 写作目的题。根据文章的描述可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是让人们更多地了解塑料污染。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·广州综合测试)Imagine that you are in a remote village somewhere with no medical clinic. __1__ Once the doctors get to you, they examine you and take blood samples, but they won't be able to help you until they take the samples back to the hospital to find out what is wrong. __2__ Thanks to engineer Andy Ozcan, many people may never be in this situation. He has invented an app that turns your mobile phone into a diagnostic (诊断的) tool.
Ozcan's invention is important because it is very accurate and easy to use. In many remote places, even if doctors have microscopes and other instruments to help them make diagnoses, there may still be other problems. Many doctors, for example, don't have enough training to correctly interpret what they see. __3__ With Ozcan's mobile phone app, health workers can take a special photo of a blood sample and send it to a central computer at a hospital. The computer will then automatically interpret the photo and send a diagnosis back in a few minutes.
__4__ His technology only requires a mobile phone and an Internet connection. As more than four billion people already have cell phones, the cost of establishing the diagnostic system is fairly low.
By inventing a medical tool that uses existing technology — mobile phones, Ozcan has developed a medical tool that is both practical and economical. Therefore, it can be effective almost anywhere. __5__
A．Another reason why Ozcan's invention is important is that it is inexpensive.
B．Even though you may only have a simple infection (感染), you might die because of the delay.
C．People are trying to reduce the cost of this new medical tool.
D．Ozcan's simple, costeffective tool might just save millions of lives around the world.
E．This tool has become much more popular all around the world.
F．You become very sick and must wait days until a mobile medical unit arrives to help.
G．As a result, they may diagnose illnesses incorrectly.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在偏远地区，医生救助病人比较困难，工程师Andy Ozcan发明的诊断疾病的工具——一种手机软件——解决了这一难题。该工具仅需手机和网络连接，成本低廉，使用简单。
1．解析：选F 根据空前一句并结合常识可知，假如你在一个没有医疗诊所的偏远村庄并且病得很重，你也必须等待数天才能得到帮助，故F项与上文衔接紧密。
2．解析：选B 根据空前的“Once the doctors get to you ... to find out what is wrong”可知，医生到达后检查你的身体并采集血样，但是他们无法立即帮助你，直到他们把血样带回医院去检测哪儿出了问题；据此可知，即便你只是患有普通的感染，你也可能会因为延误而死，故B项正确。
3．解析：选G 根据空前一句可知，例如，许多医生因训练有限而无法正确诊断他们所看到的病情；因此，他们诊断出的疾病可能会不准确，故G项与此处匹配。
4．解析：选A 根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；由该段内容及第二段第一句可知，该段主要说明这个发明很重要的另一个原因，故A项正确。
5．解析：选D 根据该段内容尤其是“Therefore, it can be effective almost anywhere”可知，由于经济实用，这个发明几乎可以在任何地方使用；据此可知，这种简单且合算的产品将可能挽救全世界数百万人的生命，故D项正确。
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．rail n． 铁路；栏杆，扶手；横杆
2．outer adj. 远离中心的，外围的；
外表的，表层的
3．metropolitan adj. 大城市的，大都会的
4．tunnel n. 地下通道，隧道
5．section n. 部分；部件；部门
6．ownership n. 所有权，产权
7．architect n. 建筑师
8．prime adj. 首要的，主要的_
n. 盛年；鼎盛时期
9．minister n. 部长，大臣；牧师
10．userfriendly adj. 方便用户的，便于使用的_
11．platform n. 站台，月台；平台；讲台，舞台_
12．handful n. 少量的人或物；一把(的量)
13．choke vi.& vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞
n. 哽咽声，呛住的声音
14．interval n. 间隔，间隙
15．pedestrian n. 行人，步行者
adj. 行人(使用)的
16．crash n．& vi.& vt. 撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃
17.brake n． 刹车，车闸
vt. 用车闸减速，刹车
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．detail n. 具体情况，详情，细节
2．authority n. 权力，权威；官方，当权者；批准，授权
3．enlarge vt.& vi. 扩大，扩展，增大
4．anniversary n. 周年纪念日
5．split vi.& vt. 分割，(使)分开；撕开，割破
6．annual adj. 每年的，一年一次的
7．departure n. 离开，出发；背离，违反
8．timetable n. 时间表，时刻表
9．drunk adj. 喝醉的
n. 醉汉，酒鬼
10．convey vt. 运送，输送；表达
11．postpone vt. 延迟，延期
12．undertake vt.& vi. 承担，从事；承诺，答应
13．arise vi. 出现，产生
14．reservation n. 预订，预约；保留意见
15．load n. 负荷，负载；大量，许多
vt. 装载，装上，装入
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．cyclist n．骑自行车的人→cycle v．骑自行车
2．unfortunately adv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n．幸运，财富
3．unbelievable adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的→believable adj.可信的→believe v．相信
4．growth n．增加，增长；成长，生长→grow v．长大，生长
5．enquiry n．询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究→enquire v．询问，打听
6．receptionist n．接待员→reception n．接待处；欢迎；接待→receive vt.接待，招待
7．punctual adj.准时的，守时的→punctually adv.准时地，守时地→punctuality n．准时，守时
8．aggressive adj.好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的→aggression n．好斗情绪，攻击性→aggressor n．侵略者，挑衅者
9．violate vt.违犯，违反；侵犯→violation n．违反
10．crossing n．人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越→cross vt.穿过
[语境活用]
1．Yesterday I received a present. I don't know who sent it, but I'll make careful enquiries. I'm writing to my friends to enquire about it.(enquiry)
2．When we got to that hotel, we were well received. We would appreciate it if the hotel receptionist can call a taxi for us when we check out tomorrow. Thus we will think well of their reception.(receive)
3．Her teachers did a lot for her growth. So when she grew up, she frequently visited them on festivals.(grow)
4．The officer involved was dismissed because he had violated strict guidelines. Now he regrets his violation of the rules.(violate)
5．She cycled too fast round the corner, lost her balance and fell off. What was worse, she ran into another cyclist.(cycle)
6．When you cross the street at a pedestrian crossing,_you can't be too careful.(cross)
7．Believe in yourself and work harder than others. Then you can do unbelievable things.(believable)
8．He wanted to make a fortune in the USA, but unfortunately,_he died halfway.(fortune)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.drop_off 中途下客或卸货
2．link_up 联合，连接
3．put_through 给某人接通(电话)；使经历
4．decide_on/upon 决定，选定
5．put_off 推迟，推延；使反感
6．turn_up 出现，到来；调高(音量等)
7．fill_in 填写(表格)；消磨(时间)
8．split_up 分组，分解；分离
9．speed_up (使)加速
10．arise_from 起因于，由……引起
11．at_(...)_intervals 每隔……距离或时间
12．a_handful_of 少数的，少量的
13．result_in 造成
14．in_good_condition 身体健康，状况好
15．in_connection_with 与……有联系
16．in_need_of 需要
17．watch_out_for 小心
18．be_aimed_at 旨在，目的是
19．look_both_ways 左顾右盼
20．step_into 步入，走进
1.We have many activities aimed_at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking.
2．Can you speed_up your work a little? The manager can't wait to see the result.
3．I rang you several times this morning but your secretary could not put me through to you.
4.I called him to tell you that if it should rain tomorrow, we would put_off_the sports meeting.
5．Scientists can link_up distant countries by radio or telephone.
6．He told me that the serious accident arose_from the driver's false operation.
7．The driver picks up two students along the highway every morning and drops them off at Oxford.
8．I want to know if you have decided_on/upon where you'll spend your holidays.
9．Before leaving, he went into his office to fill_in the daily time sheet.
10．It is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted_in this increase in carbon dioxide.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.So, why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？
“why not＋动词原形”表示“为什么不……”，常用来提出建议。
(2017·北京高考满分作文)既然你喜欢爬山，为什么不选择去泰山旅行呢？
Since you like climbing the mountain, why_not_choose the trip to Mount Tai？
2.Below are some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries, and what drivers should do to prevent them.
以下是机动车如小汽车、小型巴士和货车引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及司机为防止事故应采取的措施。
完全倒装句：表示地点、方向的副词或介词短语置于句首，主语较长，此时常使用倒装。
(2017·浙江高考写作佳句)沿途全是大树，如果累了我们可以乘凉。
Along the road are_tall_trees,_we can relax in a cool place if we're tired.
3.It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
靠注意道路安全来确保避免事故，这就取决于我们大家，即道路使用者。
It is up to sb. to do sth.意为“由某人决定做某事”。
生命给予你时间与空间。如何填满它是你自己的事。
Life provides you with time and space.It's_up_to_you__to_fill it_up.
二、课堂重点深化
1．convey vt.运送，输送；表达，传达
[自主体验]
完成句子
①We conveyed_our_goods_from_here_to_market in an old truck.
我们用一辆旧卡车把货物从这里运送到市场。
②At that moment words couldn't convey_my_emotions.
在那一刻，语言无法表达我的情感。
③I wish to take this opportunity to ask you to convey_my_best_regards_to_your_mother.
我希望借此机会向你妈妈致以我最美好的祝愿。
[系统归纳]
convey one's feelings/meanings/appreciation/affection/emotions
表达某人的感情/意思/感谢/喜爱/情感
convey sth. to sb. 向某人表达/传递某物
convey sb./sth. from A to B 把某人或某物从A地运送到B地
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④When I returned home, I tried to convey the wonder of this machine for my husband.for→to
佳句时时写
⑤(2011·大纲卷全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我想表达的意思是：我在记笔记方面有一些困难并且我不知道如何使用图书馆。
What_I_want_to_convey_is_that_I_have_some_difficulties_with_notetaking_and_I_don't_know_how_to_use_the_library.
2. postpone vt.延迟，延期
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The only practicable alternative is to postpone holding (hold) the meeting.
②He decided to postpone the expedition until/to the following day.
③The postponement (postpone) was due to a dispute over where the talks should be held.
[系统归纳]
(1)postpone sth.(to/until ...) 推迟某事(到……)
postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事
(2)postponement n. 延迟，延期
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④I shall postpone to make a decision till/until I learn full details.to_make→making
佳句时时写
⑤(2012·湖北高考书面表达)每当我遇到困难，我从不拖延解决它们。
Whenever_I_met_with_difficulties,_I_never_postponed_solving_them.
3. undertake vt.& vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应
[自主体验]
完成句子
①We_cannot_undertake_that we shall finish the task in time.
我们无法保证按时完成这项任务。
②She is glad to undertake_to_sweep_the_rooms and set them in order.
她愿意负责把房间打扫干净，整理得有条不紊。
③They are willing to undertake_the_responsibility for the changes.
他们愿意承担这些变革的责任。
[系统归纳]
undertake to do sth. 答应/同意做某事
undertake responsibility/a task/a project 承担责任/任务/工程
undertake that ... 保证/承诺……
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④If the equipment is not up to the agreed specifications and quality, we will undertake replace them.replace前加to
佳句时时写
⑤(2009·陕西高考书面表达)其次，你应该承诺做好自己的事情，向你的妈妈证明你已经是一个“成年人”。
Second,_you_should_undertake_to_do_your_own_things_well,_proving_to_your_mom that_you_are_already_a_“grownup”．
4. reservation n．预订，预约；保留意见
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Customers are advised to make seat reservations (reserve) in advance.
②We've reserved a single room for you at the garden hotel.
完成句子
③I support this measure, but it doesn't mean that I support you without_reservation.
我支持这项措施，但这并不意味着我会无条件地支持你。
④I think I'd better call them to make_a_reservation for tonight.
我想我最好给他们打电话为今天晚上作个预约。
⑤Are you for building highways in_a_wildlife_reserve?
你赞成在野生动物保护区修公路吗？
[系统归纳]
(1)without reservation 无保留地，无条件地
make a reservation 预订(房间、票)；预约
(2)reserve n. 储备，储存；自然保护区
v. 储备，保留，预约
reserve sth. for sb./sth. 为某人/某物预约/保留某物
be reserved for 留作，(专)供……之用
a wildlife reserve 野生动物保护区
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥So if you are going to visit a friend, it is necessary to make reservation.
reservation前加a
佳句时时写
⑦(2013·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你能到机场接我叔叔并把他带到预订好的宾馆吗？
Would_you_please_meet_my_uncle_at_the_airport_and_take_him_to_the_reserved hotel?
5. arise vi.出现，产生；(由……)引起；起身；起床
[自主体验]
完成句子
①Science arose_from/out_of the practical necessity of dealing with everyday problems.
科学产生于人们处理日常问题的实际需要。
②Children should be disciplined when/if_the_need_arises.
必要时孩子们应受到管教。
[系统归纳]
arise from ＝ arise out of 由……引起/产生
if/when the need arises 如果/当有需要时
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(rise/arise)
③As a result of this rapid development, however, many problems have arisen.
④The temperature in the room is rising higher and higher.
佳句时时写
⑤(2009·陕西高考书面表达)你面临的问题不断出现，在我们青少年中很普遍。
The_problem_you_are_facing_keeps_arising_and_it_is_common_among_us_teenagers.
6. load n．[C]负荷，负载；大量，许多vt.装载，装上，装入
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①They loaded themselves with food, medical supplies, and oxygen equipment.
②The good news has taken a load off my mind.
完成句子
③Uncle Jim brought a_load_of/loads_of_presents for the kids.
吉姆大叔给孩子们带来了许多礼物。
④Knowing he was safe loaded_off_my_mind.
得知他平安以后，我如释重负。
[系统归纳]
(1)a load of ＝ loads of 大量，许多
take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑
(2)load ...with ... 用……装载……
load ... into/onto ... 把……装到……上去
load off one's mind 去除某人的精神负担
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤Loading with 35 tons of equipment and materials, a Red Cross plane has landed in Burma safely.Loading→Loaded
佳句时时写
⑥(2012·辽宁高考书面表达)作为一名学生读者，我写信的目的是想谈谈你们出版社出版的英语教材，它有很多优点。
As_a_student_reader,_I'm_writing_to_talk_about_the_English_textbooks_published_by_your_publisher,_which_have_a_load_of_advantages.
1．link up联合，连接；使结合；使连接
[自主体验]
完成句子
①The new road would be needed to link_up_with the main road.
这条新路需要与主干道路相连。
②The local government plans to build a railway to link_up the two islands.
当地政府计划建一条铁路把这两个岛屿连起来。
③Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has_been_linked_with/to an increased risk of heart disease.
肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式被认为会增加患心脏病的几率。
[系统归纳]
link up with 与……联合/汇合/碰头
link ... with/to ... 将……和……联系或连接起来
be linked to/with 与……有关
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④He insisted that the discussions must not be linking to any other issue.linking→linked
佳句时时写
⑤(2011·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我可以了解所有与这周相关的重要事情。
I_can_learn_all_important_things_that_are_linked_with_the_week.
2．put through给某人接通(电话)；使经历；使成功；使通过；完成
[系统归纳]
break through 突破；突围
cut through 抄近路穿过；克服；穿透
get through 通过；接通电话；使(某人)理解
go through 通过；经历；仔细查看；查阅
look through 仔细检查；浏览
see through 看穿，识破；看透
[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①It took firemen two hours to cut_through the drive belt to free him.
②Both the boys were put_through the pains they had never experienced before.
③She decides to work hard and break_through all the difficulties in English.
④You'd better look_through your notes before the midterm examination.
⑤He tried to trick us, but we saw_through his game.
⑥We must go_through the account books together; there's still some money missing.
⑦If you dial the wrong area code, you will not get_through.
佳句时时写
⑧(2010·湖北高考书面表达)微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。
A_smile_can_help_us_get_through_difficult_situations_and_find_friends_in_a_world_of_strangers.
3．speed up (使)加速
[自主体验]
完成句子
①A car passed him at_top_speed,_sounding its horn.
那辆车鸣着喇叭，以最高速从他身边驶过。
②Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed_up to reach our destinations.
显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。
③The plane is flying at_a_speed_of 200 miles an hour.
飞机正以每小时二百英里的速度飞行。
④Our car was running with_all_speed on the expressway.
我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶。
[系统归纳]
at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of ... 以……速度
with great/all speed 以很快的速度/全速
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤Travelling at speed of over 400 kilometres per hour, the train can complete the 30kilometre journey in eight minutes.at后加a
佳句时时写
⑥(2017·浙江高考书面表达)Mac跳下自行车，以最快的速度向汽车后门冲去。
Mac_jumped_off_his_bicycle_and_dashed_for_the_back_door_of_the_car_at_full speed.
4．why not＋动词原形
[教材原句] So, why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
[自主体验]
①What you need is a change of surroundings. Why_not_go/Why_don't_you_go_on a cruise?
你需要换换环境。为什么不乘船去旅行呢？
②—May I go with you?
—Why_not?
——我可以和你一起去吗？
——可以呀。
[归纳点拨]
(1)why not后跟不带to的动词不定式，用来提出建议，表示“为什么不做……呢，做……如何”，相当于Why don't you do ...?
(2)why not可单独使用，表示同意，意为“当然可以，好啊，干嘛不”。
(3)表示“建议”的常见句型还有：
Let's do ... 让我们做……
Shall we do ...? 让我们做……，好吗？
Would you like to do ...? 你想(愿意)做……吗？
Will you please do ...? 请你做……，好吗？
What/How about doing ...? 做……怎么样？
I suggest that sb.(should) do ... 我建议某人做……
You'd better (not) do ... 你最好(不)做……
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2017·北京高考书面表达)I suggest you choose the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese nation.
②(增分要点句)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)To learn Tang poetry well, you'd better get some information about Tang Dynasty before class.
5．It is up to sb.to do sth.
[教材原句] It_is_up_to_all_of_us_road_users_to_make_sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
[自主体验]
①It_is_up_to_you_to_decide when we will start.
由你来决定我们什么时候出发。
②Call in, or ring us up. It's_up_to_you.
你可以亲自来访，也可以打电话。由你定。
[归纳点拨]
It is up to sb.to do sth.为固定句式，多出现在口语中，意为“由某人决定做某事；做某事是某人的职责”。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2010·北京高考满分作文)It was up to me to search the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information.
②(精彩收尾句)(2017·北京高考满分作文)These are my suggestions but it is up to you to decide which route to choose.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．After the terrible earthquake, the government conveyed (运送) people to safer places.
2．I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have arisen (出现)．
3．Once you have undertaken (承诺) it, you should do it.
4．Do you mind if I postpone (推迟) that appointment until next week?
5．The truck was carrying a load (大量) of sand.
6．You can enlarge (扩大) your knowledge and learn some English at the same time.
7．The performance runs two hours thirty minutes including an interval (间隔)．
8．Would you please make my reservation (预订) to Chicago for tomorrow?
9．World Health Day is celebrated every year on 7 April, which marks the anniversary (周年纪念日) of WHO.
10．I felt as if there was a weight on my chest, choking (使窒息) me.
11．A dozen ideas were considered before the architect (建筑师) decided on the design of the building.
12．The scientists are still working on inventing methods of reaching outer (外部的) space.
13．He divided the field into different sections (部分), where different vegetables were grown.
14．The Oxford English Dictionary is the best authority (权威) on English words.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Unfortunately(unfortunate), due to unforeseen circumstances, this year's show has been cancelled.
2．Cyclists (cycle) are advised to wear helmets to reduce the risk of head injury.
3．I just want you to answer the question in a concrete and believable (unbelievable) phrase.
4．We've seen an enormous growth (grow) in the number of businesses using the Web.
5．A major enquiry (enquire) is underway after the death of a union official.
6．He put through an important business deal over the weekend.
7．A large reception (receptionist) was held in honor of the brave explorers.
8．The research shows that computer games may cause aggression (aggressive)．
9．I reserve my favorable comments for my former monitor.
10．The expert talked about how to make our statistical system link up with the international standards.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Owing to the bad weather, we decided to postpone leave.leave→leaving
2．I have taught some foreigners Mandarin for two years, which can help to take a load from your mind. from→off
3．The manager undertook to improving the working arrangements in six months. improving→improve
4．—It's getting dark.I must be off now.
—OK, please take care and convey my best wishes with your family.with→to
5．These changes arose differences in climate and nature.arose后加from
6．Why not to write to her? She needs your advice.去掉第一个to
7．On the chairs sitting three graduates, who came here for this job interview.sitting→sat
8．His breaking the rules resulted from his being fined.from→in
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The country's present difficulties arise_from/out_of the shortage of petroleum.
这个国家当前的困境是由石油短缺造成的。
2．They undertook_to_finish_the_task by Monday.
他们答应在星期一之前完成任务。
3．I'd like to make_a_reservation of the ticket flying to London for July 5.
我想预订7月5日飞往伦敦的机票。
4．How long will it take to load_the_coal_onto_the_truck?
装一卡车煤需要多少时间？
5．I find it hard to convey_my_feelings in words at the moment.
我发现此刻难以用言语表达我的感情。
6．It's_up_to_you_to_decide whether to carry out this plan or not.
应该由你来决定是否实施这一计划。
7．My work is_linked_with/to previous research.
我的工作和以前的研究相联系。
8．Why_don't_you_give_him_another_chance? After all, everybody makes mistakes.
为什么不再给他一次机会呢？毕竟，每个人都会犯错。
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“交通工具、交通设施”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——交通工具、交通设施
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①line ②travel ③traveler ④car
⑤rule ⑥truck ⑦traffic ⑧aircraft
⑨subway ⑩flight ⑪helicopter ⑫service
⑬price ⑭passenger ⑮railway ⑯popular
⑰wide ⑱arrive ⑲safety
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①distance n．距离 ②catch vt.赶上
③guarantee vt.保证 ④develop vt.开发；进步
⑤popularity n．普及，流行 ⑥benefit n．利益，好处
⑦vehicle n．车辆 ⑧available adj.可获得的
⑨impact n．影响 ⑩convenient adj.方便的
⑪highway n．公路 ⑫comfortable adj.舒适的
⑬consumption n．消费；消耗 ⑭reasonable adj.合理的
⑮offer vt.提供 ⑯firstclass adj.一流的
⑰transport n．& v．运输 ⑱crash n．撞车；碰撞
⑲monthly adj.每月的，每月一次的
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①make a reservation 预订
②pay for 为……而付钱
③car sharing 拼车
④make a trip to 做一次到……的旅行
⑤have access to 接近……
⑥highspeed transport 高速运输
⑦the global traffic volume 全球交通流量
⑧traffic congestion 交通拥堵
⑨account for 占……
⑩traffic jam 交通堵塞
⑪take the CRH train 乘坐高铁
⑫run at high speed 高速运行
⑬on schedule 按时
⑭through many channels 通过许多渠道
⑮have a good journey 旅途愉快
⑯express train 特快列车
⑰parking lot 停车场
⑱traffic signal/light 交通信号灯
(四)写作佳句背一背
①It takes me about 15 minutes to walk there but 5 minutes by bus.
②Many people would choose to take a taxi instead of walking or riding a bike.
③With the improvement of people's living conditions, more and more families have their own cars.
④It's high time we chose another better means of transport.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想来中国旅行，他写信向你了解他到北京后乘坐何种交通工具旅行比较适宜。请你给他写封回信，建议他乘坐高铁。建议理由：
1．便捷、准点；
2．舒适、安全；
3．购票方便、价格适宜。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：中国高铁 CRH (China Railway Highspeed)；自助售票机 selfservice ticket machine
Dear Peter，
I'm expecting you to come to China.
Yours，
Li Hua
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
take the CRH train, develop, popular, line, convenient, travel, wide, comfortable, run at high speed, arrive, on schedule, guarantee, safety, traveler, through many channels, price, reasonable, offer, firstclass, service, passenger, have a good journey
1．你最好坐高铁去。
You'd_better_take_the_CRH_train._
2．现在在中国它已得到了很好的发展并且很受欢迎。
It_has_been_well_developed_and_becomes_very_popular_in_China_nowadays.
3．它有很多不同的路线。
It_has_lots_of_different_lines.
4．旅行对你来说很方便。
It_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel.
5．中国高铁宽敞、舒适且高速运行。
The_CRH_trains_are_wide,_comfortable_and_run_at_high_speed.
6．它们按时到达并能保证旅客的安全。
They_arrive_on_schedule_and_guarantee_the_safety_of_travelers.
7．通过许多渠道买票很容易。
To_buy_tickets_through_many_channels_is_easy._
8．票价合理。
Prices_of_tickets_are_reasonable._
9．它为乘客提供一流的服务。
It_offers_firstclass_services_to_passengers._
10．我相信你会享受一次愉快的旅行。
I_am_sure_you_will_have_a_good_journey.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
11．在句1前加时间状语从句“当你到达北京时”。
When_you_arrive_in_Beijing,_you'd_better_take_the_CRH_train.
12．在句4中加入地点状语从句“无论你想去哪里”。
It_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel_wherever_you_want_to_go.
13．在句7中加入列举的事项“例如通过电话、互联网或自助售票机”。
To_buy_tickets_through_many_channels,_such_as_by_telephone,_through_the_Internet,_or_on_the_selfservice_ticket_machine_is_easy.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
14．用词汇spacious替换句5中的wide。
The_CRH_trains_are_spacious,_comfortable_and_run_at_high_speed.
15．用which引导的定语从句合并句11和句2。
When_you_arrive_in_Beijing,_you'd_better_take_the_CRH_train,_which_has_been_well_developed_and_becomes_very_popular_in_China_nowadays.
16．用it作形式主语改写句13。
It's_easy_to_buy_tickets_through_many_channels,_such_as_by_telephone,_through_the_Internet,_or_on_the_selfservice_ticket_machine.
17．用词汇enjoy替换句10中的have，然后用并列连词and合并句9、句10。
It_offers_firstclass_services_to_passengers_and_I_am_sure_you_will_enjoy_a_good_journey.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
用so， besides等衔接词汇连句成文
Dear_Peter，
I'm_expecting_you_to_come_to_China._When_you_arrive_in_Beijing,_you'd_better take_the_CRH_train,_which_has_been_well_developed_and_becomes_very_popular_in China_nowadays.
It_has_lots_of_different_lines,_so_it_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel_wherever_you want_to_go._The_CRH_trains_are_spacious,_comfortable_and_run_at_high_speed._They arrive_on_schedule_and_guarantee_the_safety_of_travelers._It's_easy_to_buy_tickets through_many_channels,_such_as_by_telephone,_through_the_Internet,_or_on_the_selfservice_ticket_machine._Besides,_prices_of_tickets_are_reasonable._It_offers_firstclass_services_to_passengers_and_I_am_sure_you_will_enjoy_a_good_journey.
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅰ.根据提示填空
The amount of time that people spend on travel is 1.1 hours per person per day in all societies. The average ❶distance (distant) traveled is 7,400 miles (12,000 km) per year. In total, the world population travels more than 16.6 trillion miles (23 trillion km) per year, 53% of which is by car, 26% by bus, 9% by rail, 9% by ❷highspeed_transport (高速运输) such as airplanes, and 3% by bicycle, boat and other means.
It is estimated (估计) that, due to developments in highspeed public transport, travel time will drop to only 12 minutes per person per day by 2050. Of ❸the_global_traffic_volume (全球交通流量), 35% will be by car, 20% by bus, 41% by highspeed transport, and 4% by rail.
At present, ❹traffic_congestion (交通拥堵) has a huge negative economic and environmental ❺impact (影响) across the world. Road congestion in the UK costs the UK economy ￡15 billion a year. It costs the US D|S100 billion a year. In Seattle, Washington for instance, a ❻driver (司机) spends an average (平均) of 59 hours caught in traffic each year. In the greater Seattle area there are more cars than people; each household makes an average of 10 motorcar trips a day. According to Sierra Club，“American cars and trucks ❼account_for (占……) 20 percent of the world's petroleum ❽consumption (consume)．”
The US has the most ❾highways (highway), but European roads are busier. In Europe, cars travel more than 600 miles (1,000 km) per road per year, compared to an average of 500 km per road in the US. The world's worst traffic_jam (交通堵塞) usually occurs during the summer on the road from Paris to Toulouse, France.
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
popularity， benefit， monthly， service， available， make a reservation， pay for， car sharing， make a big trip to， have access to
Car sharing is another way to drive green that's gaining in ❶popularity,_especially in urban areas. People who may not drive every day but still want a car to run errands (差事) or drive on weekends benefit most from ❷car_sharing. Car sharing is usually run by a ❸service like Zipcar, though there are nonprofit and informal car sharing services. Members pay a monthly fee and ❹have_access_to an entire fleet of cars when they need one. The cars are parked in fixed spots around the city, so members only need to ❺make_a_reservation,_and then go to the pickup spot.
Car sharing has major environmental ❻benefits because it lessens the number of cars on the road. Members don't drive just because they have a car. They plan trips, and if they don't need a car, they don't use one. Still, a car is ❼available to them if they need to ❽make_a_big_trip_to the grocery store, pick someone up at the airport or if they want to go to the beach for the day. Members also benefit by having access to a car without any of the headaches of ownership. They usually don't have to ❾pay_for gas, insurance or maintenance (保养)，and the monthly membership fee is less than a typical car payment. So if you really want to go green but aren't ready to totally give up a car yet, car sharing may be the way to go.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers managed to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (tunnel), which became known as the Tube.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture (architect)．
3．(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful (hand) of small carrots and was about to throw them away.
4．(2016·天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
5．(2015·湖北高考)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be punctual (punctually)．
6．(2014·福建高考)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth (grow)．
7．(2014·江西高考)It is unbelievable (believable) that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth.
8．(2014·广东高考)I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation (reserve)．
9．(2010·湖南高考)People often forget all the details (detail) that they hear in a telephone call.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
turn up, load, drop off, unfortunately
1．(2014·山东高考)__25__， Canadian medical schools did not accept women students at the time.Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study medicine at the Women's Medical College in Philadelphia.It took her five years to earn her medical degree.____________
2．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)As I pulled the bus over to __28__ a little girl, she handed me an earring saying I should keep it in case somebody claimed (认领) it.The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”．____________
3．(2010·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The nurse had him take a seat in the waiting area, telling him it would be at least 40 minutes before someone would be able to see him.I saw him looking at his watch and decided, since I was not busy — my patient didn't __41__ at the appointed hour, I would examine his wound.____________
4．(2009·江西高考)Carrying their heavy__38__， the two brothers walked along the riverbank, hardly noticing the distance or the sun beating down.____________
答案：1.Unfortunately 2.drop off 3.turn up 4.load
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：汽车、火车、飞机、轮船各种交通工具的发展大大提高了人们的出行速度，有效地节约了大量宝贵的时间，为人类经济的发展和社会的进步作出了巨大的贡献。但是交通工具的进步在给人类带来舒适和便捷的同时，也给人类生活带来一些负面影响，如交通事故、交通拥堵、环境污染等，这些社会焦点也是高考所关注的内容。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加彩词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and wellbeing among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing invehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custommade navigation (导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We're looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions (解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了智能交通团队建立移动实验室，研究老年人开车存在的问题和难点，帮助老年人安全驾驶。
32．What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A．To explore new means of transport.
B．To design new types of cars.
C．To find out older drivers' problems.
D．To teach people traffic rules.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are”可知，建立实验室的目的是要找出老年人开车有困难的地方，故选C。
33．Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A．It keeps them independent.
B．It helps them save time.
C．It builds up their strength.
D．It cures their mental illnesses.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For many older people ... having to rely on others.”可知，对于老年人来说，开车对保持他们生活的独立性至关重要，故选A。
34．What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A．Improve their driving skills.
B．Develop driverassist technologies.
C．Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D．Organize regular physical checkups.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，研究者正在研发车载式的技术以帮助老年人晚年依然能开车，故选B。
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．A New Model Electric Car
B．A Solution to Traffic Problems
C．Driving Services for Elders
D．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
解析：选D 标题归纳题。本文的关键词是老年人驾车，重点讲述了为了让他们安全驾车所进行的研究。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
抓大放小，掌控科普说明文
科普说明文因生词术语多、结构复杂、句意深奥的长难句多而显得晦涩难懂；因学术性强、抽象度高，解题难度相对较大。针对科普说明文，我们首先要明确一种观点，此类文章考查的是阅读能力、逻辑思维能力，而不是要求考生全面、系统、透彻弄懂相关的知识。基于此，我们在阅读时应做到明确说明对象，抓住行文脉络、篇章结构这个大局，放过生词术语、长难句式这些小点。在明确说明对象、行文结构的前提下，审读题目，带着问题查读原文，寻找答案。不必弄懂每一词、每一句的意思后再做题。
本文主要介绍了英国纽卡斯尔大学的研究团队为保证老年人自行驾车从而能够独立生活而进行的辅助驾驶系统的研发。文章介绍了老年司机面临的问题，指出研发团队致力于解决这些问题，让老年人可以一直享受开车的自由和乐趣。故35题应选D项。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·湖北七市联考)Real literary travelers often travel to the birthplace or residence of a writer, or to the setting of a famous scene. We've prepared a small list of literary travel destinations.
London, England
In London, literary landmarks are so common that “blue plaques” are often found on the homes or schools of famous writers. They have been introduced to show wellknown literary sites. One can be found at 221B Baker Street — the apartment of famous fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. But watch out for false plaques, such as the Jacob Von Hogflume's, where the inventor of time travel would live in 2189.
To truly experience literature in person, you can also visit StratforduponAvon, the birthplace of William Shakespeare, and watch nightly performances of his plays.
Rome, Italy
“Go to Rome — at once the Paradise，
The grave, the city, and the wilderness ...”
This is from an elegy (挽歌) to John Keats, who traveled to Rome in the hope that the air would cure his illness but died within three months. Despite the fact that Keats' visit was a quick one, Rome has a reminder of it — the KeatsShelley House.
Just across the street is the Antico Caffè Greco, a cafe frequented by famous authors like Dickens, Byron, Shelley ..., but you probably get the idea that this is somewhere any literary traveler has to go.
语篇解读：本文是一篇旅游指南，向文学旅行者介绍了伦敦和罗马的几个文学旅行景点。
1．According to the passage, true literary travelers are less likely to visit ________.
A．221B Baker Street
B．the Jacob Von Hogflume's
C．StratforduponAvon
D．the KeatsShelley House
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据London, England部分中的“But watch out for false plaques, such as the Jacob Von Hogflume's”中的关键词“watch out for”(留意)和“false”(假的)可知，B项正确。
2．What's the function of “blue plaques” in London?
A．To confuse literary travelers.
B．To introduce famous English writers.
C．To show nightly performances.
D．To represent famous literary landmarks.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据London, England部分中的“They have been introduced to show wellknown literary sites”可知，蓝牌代表著名的文学地标，故D项正确。
3．Why is the Antico Caffè Greco favored by literary travelers?
A．It is famous for offering coffee of high quality.
B．It was regularly visited by many famous writers.
C．It is located opposite the KeatsShelley House.
D．It is regarded as a reminder of Rome.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据Rome, Italy部分中的“a cafe frequented by famous authors”可知B项正确。
B
(2019·沈阳模拟)SYDNEY — Visitors to an Australian tourist hotspot have been advised to use umbrellas to protect themselves against dingo attacks, according to research.
Fraser Island, off the coast of Queensland, offers a rare opportunity to observe the native wild dogs, but people can occasionally meet dingoes acting in a threatening or aggressive manner toward them, resulting in human injury and, in one tragic case, death, according to a research paper published on Thursday in the Pacific Conservation Biology scientific journal.
Reviewing a wide range of measures to help manage wild animals, the researchers said moves to minimize harm from dingoes have included electric fencing and warning signs.However, “strong umbrellas” and “mild chemical irritant (刺激性的) sprays” could also offer personal protection.
Australian dingoes, which feature remarkably in native culture but are also viewed as a threat to livestock in some areas, are listed as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.The mediumsized dogs have broad heads, pointed muzzles, and red or yellow coats, and are found across the country except Tasmania, according to government agency Tourism Australia.
Fraser Island stretches over 123 kilometres in length and 22 kilometres at its widest point.With an area of 184,000 hectares, it is the largest sand island in the world.The island prides attractions such as its superb scenery and humpback whales, and is also home to the most pure strain of dingoes remaining in eastern Australia.
By bringing up instances of how an umbrella “rapidly opened in front of charging bears was enough to cause them to stop or move back”， the researchers said “an open, strong umbrella may also serve as useful protection against a dingo making a very close approach.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了澳洲野犬会对人类造成伤害，建议来澳大利亚的游客用雨伞来保护自己，不被澳洲野犬伤害。
4．Which of the following is TRUE about Australian dingoes?
A．They are fierce and big.
B．They are native and famous in Australia.
C．They can be found in every island of Australia.
D．They often cause harm to humans and livestock.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“the native wild dogs”和第四段第一句中的“which feature remarkably in native culture”可知，本题答案选B。
5．They are all attractions of Fraser Island EXCEPT ________.
A．bears B．dingoes
C．scenery D．humpback whales
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知， 弗雷泽岛上的看点有优美的景色、座头鲸和澳洲野犬，不包括熊，故选A项。
6．We can learn from the last paragraph that ________.
A．dingoes are as dangerous as bears in Australia
B．people always use umbrellas to frighten away bears
C．if umbrellas work on bears, so do they on dingoes
D．the umbrellas are specially designed against bears and dingoes
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断，如果雨伞对熊起作用的话，那么对澳洲野犬也会起作用，故本题选C。
C
(2019·兰州诊断)In the last few years, you may have noticed the term “microplastics” in the news. Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic from discarded (丢弃的) plastic bottles, bags and containers that end up in rivers, lakes and oceans. Because they are so tiny and hard to see, researchers set sail to collect water samples and estimate the amount of plastic in the ocean. The 5 Gyres Institute, an organization aimed at reducing plastic pollution in our oceans, estimates that 296,000 tons of plastic is floating in the world's oceans. But, if you think that oceans are the only water bodies with a microplastics problem, think again — the problem is also reported in the Chesapeake Bay, in our own backyard.
In a partnership with the 5 Gyres Institute, Trash Free Maryland took to the Chesapeake Bay in November to study the presence of microplastics in the water. Setting out from Deale, Maryland, the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl (拖网) for an hour at a time. The trawl was fitted with a coneshaped (锥形的) net, whose holes measure 330 microns (微米) wide, about the width of two to three strands of human hair. Water flows through the main opening and the fine mesh (网眼) of the net ensures anything suspended in the water is trapped behind.
In seven samples, the net picked up algae (海藻), trash, foam and plastic. According to the 5 Gyres Institute representative, the first sample collected contained almost 10 times the amount of plastic than would be collected in a typical ocean sample. The plastic found in the Chesapeake Bay samples included bits of bags, sheeting, fishing lines and microbeads, which are small plastic scrubbers (磨砂) found in the face wash, toothpaste and cleaning products. Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide. They are small enough to bypass water treatment systems' filters (过滤器) and end up in waterways. Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins (毒素) absorbed by microbeads and other microplastics could be passed on to organisms who mistake them for food and eat them, and could then be passed up higher and higher on the food chain, eventually reaching humans.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。通过介绍塑料微粒，人们能更多地了解塑料带给环境的污染。
7．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The description of the trawl.
B．The basic data of the water samples.
C．The process of collecting water samples.
D．The introduction of Trash Free Maryland.
解析：选C 段落大意题。根据第二段第二句中的“the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl (拖网) for an hour at a time”可知，第二段主要介绍收集水样的过程。
8．What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Bits of bags. B．Chemicals.
C．Microbeads. D．Microplastics.
解析：选C 代词指代题。根据画线词前一句的“Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide”可知，They在此处指前文提到的Microbeads。
9．How does the author prove plastic pollution can be harmful to people's health?
A．By analyzing the data.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By giving some examples.
D．By referring to scientists' views.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins (毒素) absorbed by microbeads ... eventually reaching humans”可知，通过参考科学家的观点作者证明了塑料污染对人体健康有害。
10．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A．To explain some new scientific terms to people.
B．To let people learn more about plastic pollution.
C．To urge governments to make environmental laws.
D．To tell people some new findings in scientific research.
解析：选B 写作目的题。根据文章的描述可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是让人们更多地了解塑料污染。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·广州综合测试)Imagine that you are in a remote village somewhere with no medical clinic. __1__ Once the doctors get to you, they examine you and take blood samples, but they won't be able to help you until they take the samples back to the hospital to find out what is wrong. __2__ Thanks to engineer Andy Ozcan, many people may never be in this situation. He has invented an app that turns your mobile phone into a diagnostic (诊断的) tool.
Ozcan's invention is important because it is very accurate and easy to use. In many remote places, even if doctors have microscopes and other instruments to help them make diagnoses, there may still be other problems. Many doctors, for example, don't have enough training to correctly interpret what they see. __3__ With Ozcan's mobile phone app, health workers can take a special photo of a blood sample and send it to a central computer at a hospital. The computer will then automatically interpret the photo and send a diagnosis back in a few minutes.
__4__ His technology only requires a mobile phone and an Internet connection. As more than four billion people already have cell phones, the cost of establishing the diagnostic system is fairly low.
By inventing a medical tool that uses existing technology — mobile phones, Ozcan has developed a medical tool that is both practical and economical. Therefore, it can be effective almost anywhere. __5__
A．Another reason why Ozcan's invention is important is that it is inexpensive.
B．Even though you may only have a simple infection (感染), you might die because of the delay.
C．People are trying to reduce the cost of this new medical tool.
D．Ozcan's simple, costeffective tool might just save millions of lives around the world.
E．This tool has become much more popular all around the world.
F．You become very sick and must wait days until a mobile medical unit arrives to help.
G．As a result, they may diagnose illnesses incorrectly.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在偏远地区，医生救助病人比较困难，工程师Andy Ozcan发明的诊断疾病的工具——一种手机软件——解决了这一难题。该工具仅需手机和网络连接，成本低廉，使用简单。
1．解析：选F 根据空前一句并结合常识可知，假如你在一个没有医疗诊所的偏远村庄并且病得很重，你也必须等待数天才能得到帮助，故F项与上文衔接紧密。
2．解析：选B 根据空前的“Once the doctors get to you ... to find out what is wrong”可知，医生到达后检查你的身体并采集血样，但是他们无法立即帮助你，直到他们把血样带回医院去检测哪儿出了问题；据此可知，即便你只是患有普通的感染，你也可能会因为延误而死，故B项正确。
3．解析：选G 根据空前一句可知，例如，许多医生因训练有限而无法正确诊断他们所看到的病情；因此，他们诊断出的疾病可能会不准确，故G项与此处匹配。
4．解析：选A 根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；由该段内容及第二段第一句可知，该段主要说明这个发明很重要的另一个原因，故A项正确。
5．解析：选D 根据该段内容尤其是“Therefore, it can be effective almost anywhere”可知，由于经济实用，这个发明几乎可以在任何地方使用；据此可知，这种简单且合算的产品将可能挽救全世界数百万人的生命，故D项正确。
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