2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分Book7　Unit4　Publictransport

Book 7　Unit 4　Public transport
晨读暮诵　单元话题——交通与生活

1．afford vt.支付得起
2．cheap adj.便宜的
3．secure adj.安全的
4．everywhere adv.到处
5．transportation n．运输业
6．disadvantage n．不利条件
7．cycle n．自行车
8．fare n．费用
9．insurance n．保险
10．traffic n．交通
11．crossing n．十字路口
12．direction n．方向
13．vehicle n．交通工具，车辆
14．consequence n．后果
15．traffic jam 交通堵塞
16．traffic regulation 交通规则
17．take action 采取行动
18．compared with 与……相比
19．pull up 停车
20．be related to 与……相关

1．With the development of economy, there are more and more private cars and traffic jams are getting heavier and heavier.As a result, traffic accidents occur frequently.Bear in mind that the traffic regulations are of great importance to road safety.
随着经济的发展，私家车越来越多，交通拥堵越来越严重。因此，交通事故频频发生。要记住：交通规则对道路安全至关重要。
2．I have some specific ideas to share when it comes to handing these phenomena.
对于如何处理这些现象我有一些特别的观点。
3．Therefore, let's join hands to obey traffic rules, which will matter a lot.
因此，让我们携起手来一起遵守交通规则，这将会很有意义。
4．With so many parents coming to pick up their children, traffic jams are frequent near the school gate, which has caused a lot of inconvenience to us.
有许多父母来接孩子，学校门口附近经常发生交通拥堵，这给我们造成很多不便。
5．It is aimed at stopping common traffic violations such as speeding, running a red light, drunk driving, driving without license and so on.
其目的是阻止常见的交通违规，例如超速、闯红灯、酒后驾车以及无证驾驶等。

交通拥堵已经成为当今社会令人烦恼的问题，那么如何缓减交通压力呢？请你就这个话题写一篇英语短文，提出自己的要求和建议。词数100左右。
[参考范文]
There is no doubt that traffic congestion becomes a growing worry for the residents of most urban areas.Some major roads are regularly choked with traffic in rush hours.The limited transport capacity contributes largely to the vexing problem.How to solve the headache? It's time the government take measures to improve the traffic conditions.
In my view，the existing solutions to traffic jam mainly aim at creating metro bus systems and broadening major roads.First，widening the existing roads can solve traffic snarls on some level.Second，soaring car ownership compounds the chronic annoying problem, so we must sharply reduce the heavy reliance on cars and drive a shift to the mass transportation.Third，it is a cheap and good way.We can create a system of customized bus routes and highlight the development of subways, trolleys and light rail.The effective combination of these solutions will enable the urban areas to possess a smooth traffic.


[高频词汇]
1．________(vt.) 运送，输送；表达
2．________(adv.) 遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地
3．________(adj.) 非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的
4．________(vt.) 延迟，延期
5．________(vt.& vi.) (使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞；(n.) 哽咽声，呛住的声音
6．________(vt.& vi.) 承担，从事；承诺，答应
7．________(vt.& vi.) 扩大，扩展，增大
8．________(vi.& vt.) 分割，(使)分开；撕开，割破
9．________(adj.) 每年的，一年一次的
10．________(n.) 离开，出发；背离，违反
11．________(adj.) 准时的，守时的
12．________(vi.) 出现，产生
13．________(vt.) 处以罚金
14．________(adj.)喝醉的；(n.)醉汉，酒鬼
15．________(n.) 负荷，负载；大量，许多；(vt.) 装载，装上，装入
16．________(n.) 人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越
【答案】1.convey　2.unfortunately　3.unbelievable　
4．postpone　5.choke　6.undertake　7.enlarge　8.split　9.annual　10.departure　11.punctual　12.arise　13.fine
14．drunk　15.load　16.cross
[派生词汇]
1．________(adv.)遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地→________(adj.)幸运的→________ (n.)幸运，财富
2．________(adj.)非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的→________(adj.)可信的→________v．相信
3．________(n.) 预订，预约；保留意见→________(v.) 预订，预约
4．________(vt.& vi.)扩大，扩展，增大→________(adj.)大的
5．________(vt.)违犯，违反；侵犯→________(n.) 违反
[词缀归纳]
在reservation一词中，“­ation”为构成名词后缀，常见的还有：explanation n．解释，说明；graduation n．毕业；imagination n．想象；immigration n．移民；reputation n．名誉；occupation n．工作，职业。
【答案】1.unfortunately；fortunate；fortune
2．unbelievable；believable；believe　3.reservation；reserve　4.enlarge；large　5.violate；violation
[语境活用]
1．Did anything interesting ________ (产生) from the meeting?
2．They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian ________ (十字路口) or elsewhere.
3．I am an enthusiastic supporter of Project Hope and my wife and I contribute to it ________ (annual)．
4．________in yourself and work harder than others.Then you can do ________ things.(believable)
5．He wanted to make a ________ in the USA, but _______， he died halfway.(fortune)
6．The officer involved was dismissed because he had _______ strict guidelines.Now he regrets his ________ of the rules.(violate)
7．The project ________ (从事) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful.
8．When the information is to be ________ (传递) over any distance, a communication system is required.
【答案】1.arise　2.crossing　3.annually　4.Believe；unbelievable　5.fortune；unfortunately　6.violated；violation　7.undertaken　8.conveyed

1．drop ________　　　　　　中途下客或卸货
2．link ________ 联合，连接
3．put ________ (给某人)接通(电话)；使经历
4．decide ________ 决定，选定
5．put ________ 推迟，推延；使反感
6．turn ________ 出现，到来；调高音量
7．fill ________ 填写(表格)
8．split ________ 分组，分解；分离
9．speed ________ (使)加速
10．arise ________ 起因于，由……引起
11．result ________ 造成
12．________ good condition 身体健康，状况好
13．in connection ________ 与……有联系
14．________ need of 需要
15．watch out ________ 小心
16．be aimed ________ 旨在，目的是
【答案】1.off　2.up　3.through　4.on/upon　5.off　6.up
7．in　8.up　9.up　10.from　11.in　12.in　13.with　14.in　15.for　16.at
[语境活用]
1．Don't forget to fill ________ your boarding cards.
2．The soldiers were put ________ eight weeks of basic training.
3．What problems should I watch out ________ when buying an old house?
4．Fifty percent of road accidents result ________ head injuries.
5．My friend e­mailed back to tell me she had split ________ with her husband for months.
6．It's reported that more and more cities are faced with the problem of road safety and the deaths arising ________ it.
7．It was a remarkable coincidence that John should turn ________ here just when we needed him.
8．Can you speed ________ a little? I'll be late up for my flight.
【答案】1.in　2.through　3.for　4.in　5.up　6.from
7．up　8.up

1. [原句]　So, why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
[点拨]　“why not＋动词原形”表示“为什么不……”。常用来提出建议。
[仿写]　天气多好啊！为什么不出去散散步呢？
What pleasant weather!_____________ out for a walk?
2. [原句]　Below are some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries，and what drivers should do to prevent them.
[点拨]　本句是完全倒装句。
[仿写]　山顶上有一座古庙。
On the top of the hill ________________________.
3. [原句]　It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
[点拨]　It is up to sb.to do sth.为固定句式，意为“由某人决定做某事”。
[仿写]　我们去还是不去，由你决定。
It's ________________________ whether we will go or not.
【答案】1.Why not go　2.stood an old temple　3.up to you to decide

第一板块　核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．convey vt.运送，输送；表达，传达
convey one's feelings/emotions/meanings…
表达某人的感受/情感/意思……
convey sth.to sb. 向某人表达/传递某事
convey sb./sth.from A to B
把某人或某物从A地运送到B地
①The piece of information for victory was conveyed to the country.
胜利的消息被传达到了国内。
②Understanding your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning ________ your affection and emotions.
了解你自己交流的需求和方式与学会表达你的喜爱和情感一样重要。
【答案】②to convey
[巧学助记]
The premier conveyed his sorrow for the dead and ordered the necessities should be conveyed immediately to the earthquake­hit areas.
总理表达了对死者的哀悼之情，并且命令立即把必需品运送到地震灾区。
2．postpone vt.延迟，延期
postpone sth. to/until…　　　　把某事推迟到……
postpone doing sth. 耽搁/推迟做某事
①The match had to ________________.
比赛不得不延期举行。
②Let's postpone making a decision until we have more information.
让我们获取更多信息之后再作决定吧。
③Our manager decided to postpone his vacation until/to next month.
我们经理决定把自己的假期推迟到下个月。
【答案】①be postponed
[温馨提示]　postpone后可接名词、代词和动名词作宾语，但不接不定式作宾语。
[正]Tom and Jim have decided to postpone having a family for a while.
[误] Tom and Jim have decided to postpone to have a family for a while.
3．undertake vt.& vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应
undertake to do sth.　　　　答应/同意做某事
undertake that… 承诺……
①The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid.
联合国组织承担指导救助分配的任务。
②I repeat that we cannot undertake the task.
我再说一遍，我们不能承担这项任务。
③She ________ full responsibility for the new changes.
她为新变化承担全部责任。
【答案】③undertook
4．reservation n．预订，预约；保留意见
(1)make a reservation　　　预订
without reservation 毫无保留地
have/express reservations about 对……保留意见，对……表示怀疑
(2)reserve vt. 保留；预订；储备
　　　n. 贮藏(物)；储备
reserve sth.for sb. 为某人准备某物
in reserve 备用
①We always keep some money in reserve，just in case.
我们总是存一些钱以防万一。
②Customers are advised to make seat reservations well in advance.
建议顾客提前订好座位。
③To my surprise，they accepted the proposal without ________________.
令我吃惊的是，他们毫无保留地接受了这个建议。
【答案】③reservation
5．arise(arose，arisen)vi.出现，产生
arise from＝arise out of　　　　由……引起/产生
arise from… 从……起身
if/when the need arises 如果/当有需要
①A number of high buildings ____________ where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方拔地而起。
②Science arises from the practical necessity of dealing with everyday problems.
科学出自人们处理日常问题的实际需要。
③Use this money if the need arises, but you mustn't waste it.
如果需要就使用这笔钱，但你千万不能浪费。
[温馨提示]　arise为不及物动词，没有被动语态，意为“发生，出现”时，主语多为抽象名词。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中arise的含义
④It can't be too careful while driving.Accidents often arise from carelessness.　________
⑤Seeing a guest coming in，the boy arose from his chair immediately.________
⑥He often arises early in the morning and does exercises to build up his body.________
【答案】①have arisen　④发生　⑤站起　⑥起床
6．load n．负荷，负载；大量，许多vt.装载，装入，装上
(1)a load of ＝ loads of　　　　大量的，许多(修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词)
take a load off sb.'s mind 消除某人的思想负担
(2)load up 装载
load…with… 用……装载……
load sth.into/onto… 把某物装入(到)……
①Learning without wisdom is a load of books on an ass's (驴) back.
没有智慧的学问就像驴背上的一堆书。
②The good news has taken a load off my mind that my son is out of danger.
儿子脱离危险的好消息使我如释重负。
③Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship ________ with goods.
通常这种早期形式的广告与一个刚到的载满货物的轮船有关。
【答案】③loaded
[温馨提示]　a load of/loads of后可跟可数或不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与of后的名词一致。
[巧学助记]

7．link up联合，连接；使结合；使连接
link up with　　　　　与……连接/联合
link…to/with 将……与……联系或连接起来
be linked to 与……有关
①Join in the holiday fun at the Powerhouse this month ________ to our new exhibition.
在Powerhouse参加本月与我们新的展览有关的假期趣事。
②The two satellites will link up with one another in space.
两颗卫星要在太空中接头了。
【答案】①linked
8．put through给某人接通(电话)；使经历；使成功；使通过；完成
(1)put sb.through　　　给某人接通(电话)；使某人经受(磨炼、痛苦)；使某人完成
put sth.through 完成(工作、计划等)；使成功
(2)put off 推迟，延迟
put up 张贴；建造，搭起；留宿
put away 收起来放好；储蓄
put on 穿(戴)上；上演；增加(体重)
put in 加入，放入
put forward 提出；拨快(钟表指针)；提前
put out 熄灭；出版
①Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
今日事，今日毕。
②Why is it that you've come out against the proposal he ____________？
为什么你要反对他提出的建议呢？
[一词多义]
写出下列句中put through的含义。
③I'm looking for a part­time job to help (to) put me through school.________
④Both the boys were put through the pains they had never experienced before.________
⑤They put all the students through the important exams.________
⑥Could you put me through to my teacher，please？I have something important to tell her.________
【答案】②put forward　③完成　④使经历　⑤使通过　⑥接通电话
9．speed up(使)加速
speed n．　　　　　　　　　速度；进度
at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of… 以……速度
with all speed 尽快地
pick up speed 加速
①Suddenly, a bike rushed out of the lane at high speed.We crashed into each other.
忽然一辆自行车高速驶出胡同，我们撞车了。
②We're driving at a speed of about 50 miles each hour.
我们以每小时大约50英里的速度驾车前进。
③Having realized that opposite party look difference，she lowered her head ____________ up the footsteps.
察觉对方眼神异样，她低头加快了脚步。
【答案】③speeding
[温馨提示]　 speed的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：speeded，speeded或sped，sped，但当它与副词up连用时，通常只用规则形式。speed up的反义短语为slow down“放慢速度”。
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There is much that can be done about the accidents ________(arise) from carelessness.
2．Life is like a bus ________(load) with passengers，each man to his destination.
3．Robert suggested Lester undertake ________ carry out the construction of the new building.
4．—Hilton Hotel.Can I help you?
—I'd like to make a ________(reserve) for a double room for this Friday night.
5．A class with 40 kids is more likely to split ________ opposing groups than one with 20，which may explain why students tend to do better in smaller classes.
6．At the press conference，the manager ________(convey) the message that the company is trying to find possible solutions to the problem.
7．The Internet is widely used，which speeds ________ the development of English.
8．On the way to the Summer Palace，we dropped ________ Peking University.
9．It was reported that the two spacecrafts had linked ________ with each other in orbit yesterday.
10．I can't understand his postponing ________ (make) a decision until it is too late.
【答案】1.arising　2.loaded　3.to　4.reservation　5.into　6.conveyed　7.up　8.into　9.up　10.making
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．On the chairs sitting three graduates，who came here for this job interview.
_____________________________________________________________
2．My son's passing the exam has taken a load from my mind.
_____________________________________________________________
3．He insisted that all the injured should be conveyed to the spot to the hospital at once.
_____________________________________________________________
4．The school trip has become an annually event.
_____________________________________________________________
5．Can we begin by discussing matters arose from the last meeting?
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.sitting→sat　2.from→off　3.第一个to改为from
4．annually→annual　5.arose→arising
第二板块　经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
1．So，why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？
Why not do sth.？是Why don't you do sth.？的省略形式，意为“为什么不……？”，是表示建议的常用句型。
表示“建议”的常见句型还有：
Let's do…　　　　　　　　　让我们做……吧。
Shall we do…？ 让我们做……，好吗？
Would you like to do…？ 你想要(愿意)做……吗？
Will you please do…？ 请你做……，好吗？
What(How) about doing…？ 做……怎么样？
I suggest that sb.(should) do… 我建议某人做……
You'd better (not) do… 你最好(不)做……
①Why not buy a second－hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
如果你没有足够的钱买新的，为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？
②Will you please help me clean the windows of the classroom?
请你帮我擦教室的窗玻璃，好吗？
③How about the two of us ________________ after supper?
晚饭后我们两人出去散步怎么样？
【答案】③going out for a walk
2．It_is_up_to_all_of_us_road_users_to_make_sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
靠注意道路安全来确保避免事故，这就取决于我们大家，即道路使用者。
It is up to sb.to do sth.为固定句式，多出现在口语中，意为“由某人决定做某事；做某事是某人的职责”。
①—What shall we do tonight then?
—It's up to you—whatever you want.
——我们今天晚上干什么呢？
——你来决定，你想干什么都行。
②Life provides you with time and space.It's up to you to fill it.
生命提供给你时间与空间。如何填满它由你决定。
③________________ to make the office clean and tidy every day.
每天保持办公室干净整洁是他的职责。
【答案】③It's up to him
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．后面的墙上挂着一幅中国地图。
On the back wall ________________________.
2．你需要休息，为什么不休假两周呢？
You need a break.________________ take a fortnight off from work?
3．我们不能强迫他上大学，这得由他来决定。
We can't force him to go to college.________________________.
【答案】1.hangs a map of China　2.Why not　3.It's up to him
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面小作文。
1．第一辆公共汽车出现在上个世纪早期。(appear)
2．它是最普遍的交通方式，在我们的日常生活中一直起着重要作用。(play a role in)
3．公共汽车系统有很多特点。首先，公共汽车票相对便宜，大多数人都付得起。(afford)
4．其次，公交线路几乎延伸到城市的每个角落，几乎方便了所有人。(extend)
5．缺点是在交通高峰时会堵车。(disadvantage，get stuck in)
【参考范文】
The first bus appeared early in the last century.It is the most widespread form of transportation and has been playing an important role in our daily life.The public bus system has many special features.
First，bus tickets are relatively cheap and most people can afford them.Second，bus lines extend to almost every corner of cities，and are convenient for almost everyone.The disadvantage is that at rush hour，you may get stuck in traffic.


[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Across the United States，there are several places where two independent towns grew together to become one city—but kept both their names.

Winston­Salem is one of them.It's a mid­sized city in what's called the plateau(high land)，between the Atlantic Coast and the inland mountains in the state of North Carolina.The Winston part is a relatively new place，founded early this century.It's home to the nation's biggest open air tobacco market.
The giant R．J.Reynolds Tobacco Company's headquarters is in Winston­Salem，and Winston is the name of one of Reynolds' best known cigarette brands.Fast­growing Winston soon surrounded the much older town of Salem，so in 1913，people in the area voted to combine them into a single place.
From a historical and tourist point of view，Salem，or Old Salem，as it's called today，is the interesting and unusual part of town.
Salem was founded in the 1700s by the Moravians.They spoke German，and their community was religiously based，with single men and single women living apart in separate dormitories.The Moravians greatly valued women's work and brainpower.In fact，one of the nation's oldest boarding schools for young women－the Moravians' Salem Academy founded in 1772－is still in operation.
Over the years，Salem lost its Moravian character.That all changed，though，when a nonprofit group began to rehabilitate the historic area.These days Old Salem is what's called a living history museum，with exhibits，music，and tours of 18th­century houses，taverns and Moravian dormitory buildings just seven blocks from the tallest skyscraper in Winston­Salem.
The historic community is booming again.Just as R．J.Reynolds is taking in millions of dollars making cigarettes across town，Old Salem is generating about$15 million a year in tourism revenue and donations.
1．From the passage we can know that________.
A．Winston­Salem is the name of a city
B．Salem is home to the tobacco market
C．the city Winston­Salem has two names
D．Old Salem is the name of a tobacco brand
2．It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that________.
A．the two cities benefited each other
B．Salem developed faster than Winston
C．the combination meets the wishes of the people
D．R.J.Reynolds Company has moved into Salem
3.The underlined word “rehabilitate”in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to________.
A．reconstruct　　　　　　 B．evaluate
C．enlarge D．decorate
4．What will probably be talked about in the following part?
A．Some other attractions in Winston­Salem.
B．How Winston makes profits from tourism.
C．Other examples of cities combined by two parts.
D．Something about the boarding school for women.
【答案与解析】
1．A　推理判断题。文章第一段说两个原本独立的美国城镇会逐渐合二为一，第二段就引出了Winston­Salem，由此可知这是一个城市的名字。故选A。
2．C　推理判断题。由第三段的people in the area voted to combine them into a single place.可知人们投票同意将两个地方合并，所以说“满足了人们的愿望”。故选C。
3．A　词义猜测题。由该词前面的句意可知，rehabilitate表示“重建，再建”。
4．C　推理判断题。文章主要讲述“美国城镇合二为一”，又举了Winston­Salem的例子，所以接下来最有可能谈论的将是“其他合二为一的例子”。故选C。
B
(2018·河南省中原名校高三第六次质量考评)An autonomous vehicle designed for making local commerce deliveries was unveiled by Nuro.The vehicle is about the height of an SW but far narrower than a typical car.The electric car features four exterior compartments (暗格) — two on each side — to hold separate deliveries.Each compartment can be tailored to a specific use, such as cooking a pizza or refrigerating a package.
“We can use self­driving technology to deliver anything, anytime, anywhere for basically all local goods and services，” Nuro co­founder Dave Ferguson said.“Consumers used to be okay with two­week paid shipping.It became two­week free delivery, followed by one week, two days, and the same day.Now same­day delivery isn't fast enough for some customers.”
Nuro isn't alone in building robots for local commerce deliveries.Earlier this month, Toyota, a Japanese car company, unveiled a concept vehicle that could be used for package delivery.A handful of startups — including Starship Technologies, Marble and Dispatch — are testing small robots for deliveries on sidewalks.
Nuro's vehicle will likely face legal hurdles.Fully autonomous vehicles without a test driver aren't legal in California today, and many companies have shifted testing to states where regulators are more welcoming of autonomous vehicles, such as Arizona.
Nuro expects to face fewer challenges because it doesn't carry passengers.Nuro's narrow size may also be helpful when navigating streets and avoiding pedestrians.The vehicle isn't equipped with any special features to communicate with pedestrians or other road users.Some companies have tested and patented solutions such as digital screens that signal the car's next move.Ferguson said his team conducted studies and found that such techniques could confuse people.Nuro believes it's better to make sure the car performs predictably, so that human drivers know what to expect from it.
“We feel by creating this new technology that's going to enable this last mile delivery, we're going to be creating new markets and doing things that previously weren't possible，” Ferguson said.“This is not swapping out jobs with robots.It's creating new markets.There will definitely be new employment opportunities.”
5．What is the main characteristic of the Nuro's self­driving vehicle?
A．It can cook delicious meals for customers.
B．It is a pioneer in the field of self­driving vehicles.
C．It is far narrower and higher than other autonomous ones.
D．Its deliveries can be transported in the special compartments.
6．Why is the Nuro's vehicle not equipped with communicating features?
A．Its digital screens often break down.
B．People may be puzzled at the features.
C．The features have not been developed.
D．Its performance is usually hard to predict.
7．What can we infer about Ferguson's opinion on this new technology?
A．Beneficial.　　　　 B．Challenging.
C．Controversial. D．Ambiguous.
【答案与解析】
5．D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后两句可知，Nuro自动驾驶汽车的主要特征是它可以用特殊的暗格运送物品，故选D。
6．B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第五句可知，这样的技术可能会使人困惑，故选B。
7．A　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段Ferguson 的话可知这样的新技术可以增加新的就业机会，可以推测Ferguson认为这样的新技术是有益的，故选A。
C
(2018·福建闽侯第六中学月考)What might the future be like? Here are some predictions: things to come，things to go.
Spring Festival，the most important Chinese holiday when everyone returns home has caused headaches for millions of Chinese.More than 2 billion people travel at the same time，making getting travel tickets and the journey difficult.But in 28 years，Spring Festival travel may not be a problem at all.China plans to build more than 120,000 kilometers of railway and a fast transportation network that will serve 90% of the population by 2020.
And because most of China will be cities，people will not have to go to other places to find a job，so it will no longer be a problem.
Newspapers will come to an end in 2043.In the future，digital newspapers will be sent to personal web tools through Internet.Readers can discuss topics with journalists and editors.Information will move faster.
Oil is running out faster than expected.But scientists have found something else for oil as fuel.Coal，natural gas，solar power，nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil as sources of energy.
Schools will go electronic(电子化)．Computers will be important and popular among the students.Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school.They will find information on the Internet.A computer will be the students' library，schoolbag and connection to the outside world.There will be robot teachers，who will check homework on computers and communicate with the students' parents through e­mail.And school buses will be like spaceships，comfortable and safe.
8．Why has the Spring Festival caused headaches for many Chinese?
A．Because it is the most important Chinese holiday.
B．Because it costs too much money to celebrate it.
C．Because the traffic is too heavy then.
D．Because the travel tickets are too expensive then.
9．What is not mentioned in the passage as sources of energy is ________.
A．coal B．wind
C．nuclear power D．water
10．From the passage we can know________in the future.
A．the Spring Festival travel may still be a problem
B．90% of the population will live in the city
C．robot teachers will check homework
D．oil is running out faster than expected，however scientists haven't found something else for oil as fuel
11．What's the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Schools will go electronic.
B．Computers will be important.
C．There will be robot teachers.
D．School buses will be like spaceships.
【答案与解析】
8．C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句可知在春节期间中国超过20亿人次同时出行，这使得春运期间购票和出行变得困难。故选C。
9．B　细节理解题。根据文章第五段的描述可知，文章中没有提到风能，故选B。
10．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知选C。
11．A　段落大意题。根据最后一段首句及下文描述可知，本段主要是说学校将电子化。故选A。
D
(2018·江西百所名校联考)The Oklahoma teen's eyes were covered by two blindfolds(眼罩) for the big surprise：being reunited with her father，James，after 12­year separation.
“I had actually discussed with her the night before at a restaurant and talked over the details of where we would go and how we would pull it off，” said Amanda，Rory Beth's mother.
A video shows Amanda led her blindfolded daughter out of their car and guided her across the parking lot of Broken Arrow Lanes in Broken Arrow.
Little did she know，her father was on the sidewalk holding a birthday cake that read，“Happy Birthday Rory Beth，Love Dad.” When the teen slowly pulled down her blindfolds，she was dumbfounded.Both the father and daughter stood silently looking at each other until James finally walked over and hugged her.James only broke their embrace to look at his daughter and hold her face.“There were definitely lots of tears from myself，her brothers，and even a few bystanders，” said Amanda.
James was a truck driver who spent a lot of time on the road，and Amanda split with him when Rory Beth was a baby.“It was hard to figure out how to make it work，” Amanda said.Amanda felt Rory Beth was now old enough to understand and to ask any questions she may have，so the reunion happened.
The birthday surprise was on June 4，and the father and daughter had seen each other again since，even celebrating Father's Day together.Amanda said her daughter and James were both delighted to be reunited.“She's already calling him ‘Daddy’ and tells him that she loves him，” Amanda said.“They're both very committed.”
12．What caused Rory Beth to be separated from her father for 12 years?
A．Her parents' divorce.
B．Her father's working as a truck driver.
C．The misunderstanding between them.
D．Her preference for living with her mother.
13．Why did Rory Beth reunite with her father?
A．Her father was eager to see her.
B．She had many questions to ask her father.
C．She was old enough to recognize her father.
D．Her mother thought it was time for her to see her father.
14．What does the underlined word “dumbfounded” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Tired. B．Scared.
C．Shocked. D．Confused.
15．What do we know from the text?
A．The video about the reunion was shot by James himself.
B．Rory Beth's brothers didn't accompany her to see her father.
C．Rory Beth called James “Daddy” on her 12th birthday.
D．Amanda had a conversation with Rory Beth on June 3.
【答案与解析】
12．A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的第一句可知，父母的离异导致了Rory Beth与父亲的分离。故选A。
13．D　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，母亲觉得Rory Beth足够大了，可以理解父母了，所以让父女俩见面。故选D。
14．C　词义猜测题。父母让Rory Beth戴上眼罩就是为了给她惊喜。摘下眼罩突然看到多年未见的父亲还有生日蛋糕，会让Rory Beth感到吃惊。shocked震惊的。故选C。
15．D　推理判断题。根据第二段中第一句和最后一段中第一句可推知Amanda和女儿在6月3日谈过话。故选D。
II.七选五
Carbon Footprint
While making visits to national parks or forest preserves，you'll often be told to leave nothing but footprints.　1　One is your physical footprint.The other is what is known as your carbon footprint.　2　
Often people consider their carbon footprint to be the result of their immediate use of fossil fuels and energy usage，like cooking with natural gas or using petrol to run their automobile.　3　This may include the fossil fuel used to transport the food that you buy at your local grocery store，or the energy used to deal with the waste produced in your household.
Taking small steps to reduce your carbon footprint and saving energy is actually fairly simple.　4　It requires the burning of fossil fuels to make the bottle，transport it，and get rid of it if it's not recycled.Compared with it，in­house filtration(过滤)systems can reduce your influence and cost for water.
Unplugging appliances that are not frequently in use is another way to reduce your carbon footprint.Most of these items have a standby mode(待机模式)that wastes energy even when they're not in use.　5　What is more，new energy efficient light bulbs，filters，and appliances could also help reduce your carbon footprint.
In a word，less energy used means less greenhouse gas produced.With easy steps，you are on your way to reducing the size of the carbon footprint left behind.
A．What fossil fuels may lead to carbon footprints?
B．However，wherever we go，we actually leave two sets of footprints.
C．Cutting off power is the best way to ensure that unnecessary energy is not lost.
D．For instance，the use of bottled water leaves a rather significant carbon footprint.
E．We often forget footprints sometimes consequently do harm to the environment.
F．However，your carbon footprint consists of many activities that can be far less obvious.
G．That refers to the level of greenhouse gases your lifestyle and activity produce and send out.
【答案】1～5　BGFDC
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2018·安徽皖南八校联考)A few summers ago my daughter and I were swimming in our pool.This day had been like most others，__1__ I had no way of knowing that this one would __2__ in our family history as a memory we __3__ and still talk about from time to time.
The sun was setting and the night was __4__ approaching.From the shallow end of our pool，my daughter __5__ it first.Right about eye level，a spider was spinning her__6__ by the pool.It __7__ me that my daughter noticed this，and it surprised me even __8__ that she wasn't afraid of the spider.
Instead，she delightfully __9__ as the spider busied herself in the cycle of life.As we both gazed at this__10__ of nature，a very simple thought__11__ me.I had lost track of time.I honestly didn't know __12__ we had been just standing there and staring at that spider __13__ her web.But，regardless of whatever amount of time had passed，the__14__was that we were simply having fun.We were having fun__15__ really doing anything really BIG or special，I thought.However，in contrast，I believe that by sharing this __16__ of the spider building her web we were__17__ just as fulfilled as if we had done something very important.
Remember that the __18__ things are the best things in life.Spend time together appreciating the simple things in__19__，and even more importantly，__20__ time together talking about life.Do this and you'll have special moments and special memories that will last a life time.
1．A.or　 B．and
C．but　 D．so
2．A.go down　 B．get up
C．take off　 D．lead to
3．A.deserve　 B．remind
C．treasure　 D．exhibit
4．A.eventually　 B．frequently
C．carefully　 D．quickly
5．A.invented　 B．noticed
C．informed　 D．ruined
6．A.cloth　 B．craft
C．pot　 D．web
7．A.surprised　 B．interested
C．frightened　 D．excited
8．A.farther　 B．more
C．longer　 D．better
9．A.noted　 B．watched
C．followed　 D．changed
10．A.sight　 B．signal　
C．wonder　 D．advertisement
11．A.caught　 B．occurred
C．knocked　 D．hit
12．A.how soon　 B．how often
C．how long　 D．how far
13．A.removing　 B．building
C．painting　 D．sending
14．A.truth　 B．message
C．advice　 D．information
15．A.for　 B．without
C．by　 D．in
16．A.ability　 B．knowledge
C．happiness　 D．experience
17．A.all　 B．both　
C．either　 D．neither
18．A.simple　 B．expensive　
C．bright　 D．flexible
19．A.office　 B．earth
C．life　 D．hope
20．A.kill　 B．waste
C．cost　 D．spend
【答案与解析】
1．D　根据句意可知，这一天与平时一样，所以作者无法知道接下来的事情。so表因果关系。故选D。
2．A　句意：这一天会成为我们家的一个珍贵的回忆。go down被记录下来，被记住；go down in history，为固定搭配，意为“载入史册”。故选A。
3．C　deserve值得，应得；remind提醒；treasure重视，珍惜；exhibit陈列，展览。根据空后的“and still talk about from time to time”可知这是作者一家珍惜的回忆。
4．D　eventually最终；frequently经常地，频繁地； carefully小心地； quickly快速地。根据常识可知太阳要落山了，所以夜晚就快来临了。故选D。
5．B　invent发明；notice注意；inform通知； ruin毁灭。由下文“my daughter noticed this”可知是女儿首先注意到在织网的蜘蛛。故选B。
6．D　cloth布；craft手艺；pot罐；web网。根据常识可知蜘蛛是织网的。故选D。
7．A　surprise使惊讶；interest使感兴趣；frighten使惊恐；excite使激动。句意：令我吃惊的是，我女儿注意到了这一点。且下文“and it surprised me even…”也是提示。故选A。
8．B　farther更远的； more 更多的； longer更长的； better更好的。句意：更让我吃惊的是她不怕蜘蛛。even more 更加，甚至；为固定搭配。故选B。
9．B　note注意；记录；watch观察；follow跟随；change改变，变化。句意：女儿不怕蜘蛛，并在那儿快乐地观察蜘蛛织网。故选B。
10．C　sight视力；视野；signal信号；暗号；wonder奇迹，奇观； advertisement广告。句意：我们都盯着这一大自然的奇观。故选C。
11．D　句意：我突然有一个非常简单的想法。a thought hit sb.表示“某人突然有个想法”。故选D。
12．C　how soon多快，多久以后；how often多久；表频率；how long多长时间；how far多远。根据上一句“I had lost track of time.”可知，作者不知道她们站在那里多久了。故选C。
13．B　remove去除； build建立，建造；paint绘画；send发送；派遣。句意：我们一直盯着那只蜘蛛织网。下文倒数第二段最后一句中的“…the spider building her web…”也是提示。故选B。
14．A　truth 事实；message口信；advice建议；information信息。句意：但是，不管多少时间过去了，事实上我们只是觉得开心。故选A。
15．B　句意：我们玩得很开心，并没有做什么大的或特别的事情。without 没有。故选B。
16．D　ability能力；knowledge 知识；happiness幸福，快乐； experience经历；体验。句意：然而，与此相反，我相信通过分享一起观察蜘蛛织网的经历，我们俩都像完成了一些非常重要的事情一样满足。故选D。
17．B　句意见上题解析。all三者及以上都；both两者都；either两者中任何一个；neither两者都不。由上文可知，此处指作者和女儿两个人。故选B。
18．A　simple简单的；expensive昂贵的；bright明亮的；flexible灵活的。句意：记住，简单的事情是生活中最好的东西。下文“appreciating the simple things”也是提示。故选A。
19．C　office办公室；earth地球；life生活，生命；hope希望。句意：花时间一起欣赏生活中简单的事情。故选C。
20．D　kill杀死；waste浪费；cost花费；spend花费。句意：更重要的是，花点时间一起谈论生活。 cost的主语是物；spend的主语是人。故选D。
Ⅱ.语法填空
There was a time when，if a lady got into a crowded bus or train，a gentleman would immediately stand up and offer his seat 1.________her.But now，he will probably look out of the window or hide behind his newspaper，2.________(leave) the lady standing 3.________someone else gets off.You can't entirely blame men for this change in manners.4.________(go) are the days when women could be referred to the weak.A whole generation has grown up demanding 5.________(equal) with men in jobs，in education and in social life.Hold a door for some women and you are likely 6.________(get) an angry lecture on treating women as weakling.Take a girl out for a meal and she will 7.________(probable) insist on paying 8.________ (she) share of the bill.
It's no wonder that men have given up some of the automatic gestures of politeness and consideration which they used to show towards women.All these，according to some sociologists，will change men's attitude towards women and the 9.________(convention)active politeness is perhaps slowly being 10.________(replace) by true consideration for the needs and feeling of women，so that men can see women as equal human beings.
【答案】1.to　2.leaving　3.until　4.Gone　5.equality
6．to get　7.probably　8.her　9.conventional
10．replaced
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
I am constantly taking a local train to get my home to Manhattan and back.I will never forget this particularly day.It happened on the February of 2016.It was a very cold night that I was on my way home from some event.I was sitting on the corner of the train and I noticed a homeless man sit across from me.I am usually kind to other strangers.So I decided to give them my brand new wool coat and a few bucks that I have in my wallet.I am not sure what happened to this man as we parted ways，and I know wherever he is，he is much warm than he was before.
【答案】
I am constantly taking a local train to get my home to Manhattan and back.I will never forget this day.It happened the February of 2016.It was a very cold night I was on my way home from some event.I was sitting on the corner of the train and I noticed a homeless man across from me.I am usually kind to strangers.So I decided to give my brand new wool coat and a few bucks that I in my wallet.I am not sure what happened to this man as we parted ways， I know wherever he is，he is much than he was before.
Ⅱ.书面表达
(2018届河南省许昌平顶山高三联考)假定你是李华，你的好朋友Amanda将于后天乘飞机来上海大学做交换生，你因故不能去浦东机场接她，请发邮件给她，内容包括：
1．表达歉意；
2．说明理由；
3．表达祝愿。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Amanda，
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Amanda，
Hearing that you are going to study in Shanghai University as an exchange student the day after tomorrow, I am very sorry to tell you that I can't pick you up at the Pudong Airport.
It is at that time that I will have to participate in a spoken English competition held in Nanjing University, for I was champion in our university competition.Therefore, I have no choice but to change my plan as well as schedule and cannot make my presence on your arrival.By the way, you can take a taxi to our university directly.
Once again, I sincerely hope that you will accept my apologies and everything goes well.Wish you good luck on your journey!
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I will undertake ________ (feed) your cat while you are away.
2．My interest in sports has dropped ________ since I became a high school student.
3．The committee has handed in a ________ (detail) account of the development of the atom bomb to the government.
4．According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow, in which case, we'll have to put ________ the sports meet till next Saturday.
5．Her best friend was seriously hurt ________ a car crash.
6．The firefighters rapidly ________ (load) the water hose，ready to pump water to put out the fire.
7．From her ________ (choke) voice I can tell that something unpleasant has happened to her.
8．Is it he or you who are in charge of the job and supposed to complete it ________ (punctual)?
9．We were planning to ________ (large) the garden when we got the news that this area would be rebuilt.
10．We shared the ________ (believe) that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back.
【答案】1.to feed　2.off　3.detailed　4.off　5.in
6．unload　7.choked　8.punctually　9.enlarge　10.belief
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．She invited loads of friends to her party，but only handful of them turned up.
_____________________________________________________________
2．Why not to spend your spare time collecting stamps?
_____________________________________________________________
3．The official said the reports that the company had decided to postpone its plan was inaccurate.
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4．The phone rang during regular intervals all afternoon.
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5．Simply fill with an application form, please.
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【答案】1.在handful前加of　2.去掉to 3.was→were
4．during →at　5.with→in