2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分Book7　Unit3　Theworldonline

Book 7　Unit 3　The world online
晨读暮诵　单元话题——网上购物

1．home­made adj.家庭制作的，自制的
2．material n．物质；材料
3．credit n．信用
4．e­mail n．电子邮件
5．salesman n．售货员
6．recreation n．消遣
7．exchange v．交换
8．customer n．顾客，消费者
9．change n．零钱
10．expensive/dear adj.昂贵的
11．valuable adj.贵重的
12．various adj.各种各样的
13．bargain n．讨价还价；便宜货
14．as for 至于，对于
15．instead of 而不是
16．shop online网上购物
17．on sale上市；出售
18．pick out挑选出
19．with the popularity of the Internet随着互联网的普及
20．electronic books电子书

1．On one hand，shopping online makes shopping a lot easier and more convenient.On the other hand，paying online has risks.
一方面，网上购物使购物更加简单和方便；但另一方面，网上付款又有风险。
2．As far as I'm concerned，it's better to do shopping in real stores because we can try the clothes on.
就我而言，去实体商店购物更好，因为我们可以试穿衣服。
3．Since shopping online is much cheaper，I prefer shopping online to shopping in real shops.
因为网上购物更便宜，所以我喜欢网上购物胜过去实体店购物。
4．Shopping is my hobby in my spare time.
空闲时间我喜欢购物。
5．Just click the mouse，and you will buy the goods you want.
轻轻点一下鼠标，你就会买到想要的商品。

假定你是李华。近来电子红包在中国正成为一种时尚。请给你的美国朋友Peter写一封信，介绍有关情况。要点包括：
1．电子红包的特点
2．时间、途径
3．参与人群
4．你的看法
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．参考词汇　电子红包e­hongbao。
[参考范文]
Dear_Peter，
I'm_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_e­hongbao，which_is_becoming_popular_in_China.
E­hongbao is actually a kind of lucky money from and to relatives and friends during festivals or on special occasions. For many young people, grabbing e­hongbao on their mobile phones is a fairly common and exciting activity. Unlike the tradition of elders giving lucky money to children, over half of the people sending e­hongbao are in their 20s.It's just for fun or giving best wishes, while the sum of money matters little.In a word，e­hongbao is bringing new color to the old tradition.
Nevertheless，I'm concerned about the safety of online payment.So rules and regulations need to be improved regarding the e­hongbao system to guarantee its operation.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li_Hua


[高频词汇]
1．________(adj.) 大量的，充裕的
2．________(n.) 命令；控制；掌握；(vt.) 命令；指挥；控制
3．________ (vi.)通信；相一致，符合；相当于
4．________(vt.) 探讨，解决，处理；向……说话，称呼(某人)
5．________ (vt.)评估，评价
6．________(n.) 缺点，不足；弱点；虚弱，衰弱
7．________ (vi.&vt.)脱离(社会)，不与人交往；撤回；取(款)
8．________(n.) (大型的正式)会议，研讨会
9．________(vt.) 使担心，使害怕，使警觉；(n.) 警报(器)；惊慌；闹钟
10．________(vt.) 放弃；抛弃，舍弃
11．________(vt.) 分类，归类
12．________(adj.)具体的，明确的；特定的；独特的
13．________(vi.& vt.) 花费时间、精力(做某事)；打扰，给某人造成麻烦
14．________(vt.) 承认，认可；感谢
【答案】1.abundant　2.command　3.correspond
4．address　5.evaluate　6.weakness　7.withdraw　
8．conference　9.alarm　10.abandon　11.classify
12．specific　13.bother　14.acknowledge
[派生词汇]
1．________(n.) 参考，查阅；提到，谈及；介绍信，介绍人→________(vi.) 提及，参考，查阅
2．________(n.) 约会，预约；任命，委任→________(vt.) 任命，委任
3．________(n.) 资格，资历→________(v.) 使合格，取得……资格→________(adj.) 有资格的
4．________(n.) 改正，纠正，修正→________(vt.) 改正，纠正；(adj.)正确的
5．________ (n.)准确性；精确度→________(adj.)准确的；精确的；精密的→________(adv.)准确无误地
[词缀归纳]
educator是以后缀­or结尾的名词。常见含­or后缀的高频名词有：visitor参观者，来访者；conductor售票员；列车员；director导演；负责人；instructor讲师；教员；translator译员，翻译者；inventor发明者，发明家。
【答案】1.reference；refer　2.appointment；appoint
3．qualification；qualify；qualified　4.correction；correct
5．accuracy；accurate；accurately
[语境活用]
1．It's true that lots of people dislike being b________ when they are absorbed in their work.
2．All the books in our library are c__________ by subject.
3．He sensed a great potential in her despite her ________ (weak)．
4．________ (abandon) himself to sorrow，Steven just couldn't stop crying.
5．A more scientific way of ________(评估) a student's ability should be found before we cancel the traditional test.
6．He was ________ as headmaster and wanted to tell his girlfriend the good news at the ________ time, but she missed their ________ somehow.(appoint)
7．Previous experience is an essential ________ for the job.We welcome applications from suitably ________ individuals.(qualify)
8．Apart from the textbooks, I often ________ to other ________ materials to assist my studies.(refer)
【答案】1.bothered　2.classified　3.weaknesses　4.Abandoning
5．evaluating　6.appointed；appointed；appointment
7．qualification；qualified　8.refer；reference

1．turn ________　　　　　　　　　向……求助
2．________ someone's command 受某人支配
3．what is ________ 更有甚者，更为重要的是
4．drop ________ 退学，辍学；退出，脱离
5．a bunch ________ 一串，一束；大量
6．________ (through) sth.(for) 仔细搜寻
7．keep…________ mind 牢记
8．take…________ consideration 把……考虑在内
9．belong ________ 属于
10．set a good example ________ sb. 给某人树立好的榜样
11．stand ________ 代表
12．make ________ difference 有影响
13．communicate ________ 与……交流
14．tend ________ 往往会，趋于
15．________ lack of 因缺乏，缺少
16．search ________ 寻找
17．________to date 最新的； 现代的； 时
髦的
18．________favour of 支持，赞成
【答案】1.to　2.at　3.more　4.out　5.of　6.comb　7.in
8．into　9.to　10.to　11.for　12.a　13.with　14.to
15．for　16.for　17.up　18.in
[语境活用]
1．She's having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn't know whom to turn________.
2．Thomas Edison was fired from his first two jobs ________ lack of competence.
3．According to the research, women tend________ jobs requiring speech skills.
4．Li Jiacheng has a large amount of money ________ his command.
5．I dropped________ of the play because I had too much work to do.
6．Everyone present at the meeting was ________ favour of what he put forward.
7．In China, these knots stand ________ friendship, love and good luck.
8．Since we're League members, we should set a good example ________ others.
【答案】1.to　2.for　3.to　4.at　5.out　6.in　7.for　8.to

1. [原句]　What do you think the most important benefit of the Internet is?
[点拨]　do you think是插入语。
[仿写]　你认为乔安娜会怎么做？
What ____________ Joanna is going to do?
2. [原句]　Without the Internet, these people would have fewer avenues to meet people.
[点拨]　without引出的介词短语表示虚拟条件，相当于if引导的虚拟条件句。
[仿写]　没有空气、水和能量就没有生物。
________air，water and energy，________________ no living things.
3. [原句]　Follow these tips，and your time spent doing research on the Internet will be much more worthwhile.
[点拨]　本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。
[仿写]　努力工作，你就会过上幸福生活。
________________，and you will live a happy life.
4．[原句]　The more you know about Internet research，the faster you will find what you are looking for，and the better informed you will be.
[点拨]　句中“the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…”结构表示“越……越……”
[仿写]　我们拥有的朋友越多，我们相互学到的东西就越多，同时我们分享的快乐就越多。
__________________ we have，________ we can learn from one another，and ________ we can share together.
【答案】1.do you think　2.Without；there would be
3．Work hard　4.The more friends；the more；the more pleasure

第一板块　核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．abundant adj.大量的，充裕的，丰富的
(1)be abundant in＝be rich in　富有……
(2)abundance n. 大量，丰富，充裕
in abundance 大量，丰足
an abundance of 大量的
①Melons grow abundantly in this region.
这个地区盛产甜瓜。
②We were delighted to see that the food was ____________ at the party.
我们看到聚会上食物丰盛很高兴。
③Our country is __________________minerals.
我国矿产丰富。
【答案】②in abundance　③abundant in
2．command vt.& n．命令；控制；掌握，指挥
(1)in command of　　　　　　　控制
take command of 指挥，控制
have a good command of 精通
at sb.'s command 受某人支配
under sb.'s command 由某人指挥
(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that… 命令……
(3)commanding adj 指挥的；威严的
①Only when you have a good command of vocabulary，will reading no longer be your obstacle.
只有掌握充足的词汇，阅读才不会成为你的拦路虎。
②Each congressman has a large staff ________ his command.
每位国会议员都有一大群下属听从吩咐。
③The teacher ________________ all the pupils (should)gather at once.
老师命令所有的学生立即集合。
【答案】②at　③gave a command that
[温馨提示]　command 意为“命令”时，其后的名词性从句用虚拟语气形式“(should＋)do”。

(2015·高考陕西卷，书面表达)此外，我精通英语，所以被选为英语老师的助手。
[翻译]　Besides，I have such a good command of English that I 'm elected as assistant to my English teacher.
3．correspond vi.通信；相一致，符合；相当于
(1)correspond with　　　与……通信
correspond to/with 和……相符，与……一致
(2)correspondence n. 一致，符合；通信
in correspondence with 与……通信；和……一致
(3)corresponding adj. 符合的；相应的；相关的
①I assure you my actions will correspond with/to my words.
我向你保证，我将言行一致。
②He had been in correspondence ________ her for several years before they finally met.
他和她通信多年，最后终于见面了。
【答案】②with
[温馨提示]　correspond无论作何意义均是不及物动词，若表示“与……一致或相称”，其后可接介词to或with；若表示“与……相当或类似”，其后只接介词to，不接with；若表示“与……通信”，其后只接with，不接to。
4．abandon vt.放弃；抛弃，舍弃n.尽情；放任
(1)abandon oneself to… 　 沉溺于……；纵情于……
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
(2)with abandon 放任地；放纵地；纵情地
(3)abandoned adj. 废弃的；被遗弃的
be abandoned to 沉湎于
①It was abandoned, full of broken glass and rubbish.
它(房子)是被废弃的，到处是碎玻璃和垃圾。
②We shouldn't abandon ourselves ________ computer games，because it may ruin our life.
我们不应该沉迷于电脑游戏，因为那可能会毁掉我们的生活。
③They abandoned ________ out the plan because of the lack of money.
因为缺少资金，他们放弃了执行这项计划。
【答案】②to　③carrying
[巧学助记]
The child was abandoned by his parents.Eventually the abandoned boy was found wandering in the street，abandoning himself to despair.
那个孩子被他的父母遗弃了。后来有人发现那个被抛弃的男孩在大街上游荡，他已陷入了绝望。
5．bother vi.& vt.花费时间、精力(做某事)；打扰，给某人造成麻烦n.麻烦
bother doing/to do sth.　　　　费心做某事
bother sb.to do sth. 纠缠某人做某事
bother sb.with/about sth. 拿某事来烦扰某人
bother about/with sth. 为某事而烦恼；为某事而费心
can't be bothered to do sth. 不想费心做某事
It bothers/bothered sb.that…/to do… 使某人苦恼的是……
have bother (in) doing sth. 费劲/有麻烦做某事
put sb.to any bother 给某人添乱
①You don't bother to get dinner for me today，I'll eat out.
今天不要麻烦为我预备饭了，我要在外边吃。
②He is always ________ me to lend him money，which makes me upset.
他总来缠着我，向我借钱，这使我很生气。
③The naughty boy bothered me ________ a great many strange questions.
那个淘气的男孩对我提了一大堆奇怪的问题，真烦人。
【答案】②bothering　③with
6．acknowledge vt.承认，认可；感谢
(1)acknowledge (doing) sth.　　承认(做了)某事
acknowledge sth./sb.to be/as… 承认某事/某人是……
It is generally acknowledged that… ……是大家公认的
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认；致谢；答谢
①He acknowledged receiving gifts that could be seen as bribes.
他承认收过一些可视为贿赂的礼物。
②The film festival is acknowledged as ________ event of international importance.
这个电影节被认为是一个国际性的重要节日。
③It is generally acknowledged ________ he is the best football player in the world.
他被公认为是世界最佳足球运动员。
【答案】②an　③that
7．turn to向……求助；转向；翻到
turn away　　　　　　　转过脸去；拒绝(某人)进入
turn against 反对；背叛
turn down 调小(音量等)；拒绝
turn up 调大(音量等)；出现；到场
turn off 关掉
turn in 上交
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn over 翻转；反复考虑；移交
①He turned down my suggestion and turned over the business to his daughter.
他拒绝了我的建议，把生意移交给了他的女儿。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中turn to的含义。
②I often turn to my classmates or teachers for help. As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.________
③Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left.________
④Where's your book？Take it out and turn to Page 4.________
【答案】②向……求助　③转向　④翻到
[语境助记]
This morning, my grandmother turned on the radio to listen to news as usual.She felt she could not hear clearly, so she turned it up, but it was no use.Thus, she had to turn to my father for help.I saw my father turn off the radio and turn it over to see what was wrong.It turned out that the button didn't work any more.My father repaired it and told my grandmother to turn down the radio, for the neighbor's little baby was sleeping at that time.
今天早上，祖母像往常一样打开收音机听新闻。她感觉听不清楚，便把声音调大，但是不起作用，她只得求助于我父亲。我看到父亲关掉了收音机并把它翻过来看哪里出了问题，结果是按钮坏了。我父亲把它修好了并让祖母把声音调小，因为那时邻家的小孩正在睡觉。
8．drop out退学，辍学；退出，脱离
drop out of　　　　　　退出……
drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人
drop in at a place 顺便走访某地
drop by/in 顺便拜访
drop off 中途下客或卸货；减少；下降
drop into 顺路到……
①I thought I'd drop in on you while I was passing.
我曾想路过时顺便来看看你。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中drop out的含义。
②Peter dropped out before completing the race because of his injury.________
③After class，I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if he hadn't been helped by others.________
④When a goose gets sick or wounded，two geese drop out of formation (队形) and follow it to help and protect it.________
【答案】②退出　③退学　④脱离
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—Shall I check the lab before I go home?
—________(not bother)．I'll check it myself later.
2．He commanded that all the gates ________(shut) immediately in case the murderer escaped.
3．The written record of our conversation doesn't correspond ________ what was actually said.There are a lot of mistakes.
4．________(alarm) by the sharp fall of the stock market，thousands and thousands of stockholders sold out their stock at a sacrifice.
5．The milk is reported to have serious side effects and has been ________(withdraw) from the market for further tests.
6．With credit cards ________(abundant) available，it is more frequent to see consumers pay for their purchases or bills by card instead of by cash.
7．The plan ________ (abandon) when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.
8．He refused to acknowledge ________ (defeat) in the match，but in vain.
9．Mr.Richard was disappointed that many students who had signed up for his adventure course dropped ________ at the last moment.
10．Who do you think is the man ________ whom you are going to turn for help when you are in trouble?
【答案】1.Don't bother　2.(should) be shut　3.with　4．Alarmed　5.withdrawn　6.abundantly　7.was abandoned　8.being defeated　9.out　10.to
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．No every book is educative and creative.
_____________________________________________________________
2．I dropped in at her on my way home.
_____________________________________________________________
3．Several research institutions were closed down for lack money.
_____________________________________________________________
4．It is universally acknowledged that women with brains deserved to have equal opportunities to men.
_____________________________________________________________
5．He commanded that the students didn't leave the classroom before he returned.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.No→Not　2.at→on　3.lack后加of　4.deserved → deserve　5.didn't→not
第二板块　经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
Follow_these_tips，and your time spent doing research on the Internet will be much more worthwhile.
遵循这些窍门儿的话，你在网上查找资料所花的时间就更加值得。
(1)本句是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。其中祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句。
①Follow the policies of the 19th CPC National Congress，and our goals are bound to be achieved.
只要按照中共十九大的方针去做，我们的目标一定能够实现。
(2)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句。
②Hurry up，______________ you will be late.
快点，否则你会迟到。
(3)在“祈使句＋并列连词＋陈述句”句型中，也可以用“名词＋并列连词＋陈述句”表示。
③One more effort/Make one more effort，and you'll succeed.
＝If you make one more effort，you will succeed.
如果你再努力一下，你就会成功。
【答案】②or/otherwise
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．If you don't follow your teacher's advice，you'll fail in the exam.
→________ your teacher's advice，________ you'll fail in the exam.
2．If I had come a few minutes earlier，I could have seen the famous scientist.
→________________，and I could have seen the famous scientist.
3．If you stand on the top of the tower，you'll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.
→________________________，and you'll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.
【答案】1.Follow；or/otherwise　2.A few minutes earlier
3．Stand on the top of the tower
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面小作文。
1．众所周知，网络在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。(paly a part in)
2．在网上我们可以看国内外新闻，获取大量的信息。(as much…as)
3．我们可以给亲朋好友发电子邮件、打电话。
4．我们也可以上网络学校、阅读各种书籍、自学外语。
5．我们还可以欣赏音乐、观看体育比赛、玩电脑游戏、网上购物，这丰富了我们的生活。(shopping online)
【参考范文】
As is known to all，the Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.On the Internet，we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can.We can send e­mails and make phone calls to our family as well as our friends.We can also attend net schools，read many books and even teach ourselves foreign languages.We can also enjoy music，watch sports matches，play computer games and even do shopping online，which really makes our life richer and more colourful.

[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The iPhone，the iPad: each of Apple's products sounds cool and has become a fad(一度时髦的风尚)．Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i”－and many other brands are following suit.The BBC's iPlayer－which allows web users to watch TV programs on the Internet－adopted the title in 2008.A lovely bear－popular in the US and the UK－that plays music and video is called “iTeddy”．A slimmed­down version of The Independent newspaper was launched last week under the name “i”．
In general，single­letter prefixes have been popular since the 1990s，when terms such as e­mail and e­commerce first came into use.
Most “i”products are aimed at young people and considering the major readers of The Independent's “i”，it's no surprise that they've selected this fashionable name.
But it's hard to see what's so special about the letter “i”．Why not use “a”，“b”，or “c” instead? According to Tony Thorne，former head of the Language Center at King's College London，“i” works because its meaning has become ambiguous.When Apple uses “i”，no one knows whether it means Internet，information，individual or interactive，Thorne told BBC Magazines.“Even when Apple created the iPod，it seems it didn't have one clear definition，” he says.
“However，thanks to Apple，the term is now associated with portability(轻便)．” Adds Thorne.
Clearly the letter “i” also agrees with the idea that the Western world is centered on the individual.Each person believes they have their own needs，and we love personalized products for this reason.
Along with “Google”and “blog”，readers of BBC Magazines voted “i”as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade.
But as history shows，people grow tired of fads.From the 1900s to 1990s，products with “2000”in their names became fashionable as the year was associated with all things advanced and modern.However，as we entered the new century，the trend unavoidably disappeared.
1．People use iPlayer to________.
A．listen to music
B．make a call
C．watch TV programs online
D．read newspapers
2．We can infer that The Independent's “i”is aimed at________.　
A．young readers
B．old readers
C．fashionable women
D．engineers
3．Nowadays，the “i”term often reminds people of the products which are________.
A．portable
B．environmentally friendly
C．advanced
D．recyclable
4．The writer suggests that________.
A．“i”products are often of high quality
B．iTeddy is a living bear
C．the letter “b” replaces the letter “i” to name the products
D．the popularity of “i”products may not last long
【答案与解析】
1．C　细节理解题。由第一段中的“…which allows web users to watch TV programs on the Internet…”可知，iPlayer是“网上看电视节目”的播放器。
2．A　细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“…are aimed at young people…”可知，“i”产品主要针对年轻人，The Independent's“i”也不例外。
3．A　细节理解题。由倒数第四段第一句“However，thanks to Apple，the term is now associated with portability(轻便)”，可知A项正确。
4．D　推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知，流行的东西会随时间消失，“i”产品也一样。
B
(2018·深圳市高三年级第二次调研)As an Asian country, Singapore has a reputation for being highly westernized, with English among the country's four official languages, but a couple of signs found on local buses that have recently become a hit online may say otherwise.
Quite different from English we know, the sign read, for example, “Here cannot go in” instead of “No entry”， and “Here can charge phone” instead of “Charge phone here”．This language that resembles English is called Singaporean English or Singlish.
The New York Times calls Singlish “patchwork” because Singapore consists of migrants(移民) from several countries including China, India and Malaysia, and they all speak their own versions of “English”．
“Everyone who speaks it shapes it，” wrote the newspaper.
For example, in Singlish, you can easily recognize influences from Chinese, including vocabulary such as “Mee Siam” and “da bao”．Sentence structures like “toilet where” instead of “where's the toilet” also come from Chinese.
Interesting and diverse as it may seem, the trend for Singlish is worrying Singapore's government.It is concerned that the dialect is lowering the country's English standard and may affect its relationship with visitors.It even started the Speak Good English Movement.
Unfortunately, the problem was not solved.Instead, Singlish has boomed, especially among young people who think of it as a sign of being cool and a way of identifying themselves as Singaporean.
But this does not mean that standard English is being abandoned by young people.In fact, they are much more capable than the government gives credit—they can speak both.
“We are a nation good at code switching—we know that the way we speak to friends or drivers must be different from how we act at work or school，” wrote Cheryl, a Singaporean author, in Time magazine, “To actively urge us to give up a language that speaks to the very heart of who we are, that's so beautifully represents the melting pot of Chinese, Indians, Malaysians and Eurasians that we are, is shortsighted, surely.”
5．Why does Singapore have many different versions of English?
A．It is made up of migrants.
B．It is highly westernized.
C．It is influenced by Chinese.
D．It is affected by official languages.
6．What is the purpose of starting the Speak Good English Movement?
A．To stop the new trend.
B．To better the relationship.
C．To keep the English standard.
D．To give the government credit.
7．What do the young people think of Singlish?
A．It's interesting.
B．It's their identity.
C．It's a sign of status.
D．It's a way of code­switching.
8．What can we learn from what Cheryl said?
A．Different people speak different styles of Singlish.
B．Singlish is a more beautiful language than others.
C．People speaks Singlish only to friends and drivers.
D．People can use Singlish to express themselves well.
【答案与解析】
5．A　推理判断题。根据第二段的整体理解可推知，新加坡有不同版本的英语是因为新加坡本身就是一个移民国家，其英语受到多个移民民族的影响，故选A。
6．C　推理判断题。根据第六段第二句可推知，开展说好英语运动的目标在于提倡说标准的英语，故选C。
7．B　细节理解题。根据第七段第二句可知，年轻人认为新加坡英语是一种新加坡人的身份象征，也很酷，故选B。
8．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，Cheryl认为新加坡英语能够更好地表达新加坡人的想法，故选D。
C
(2018·河北省“五个一名校联盟”第二次考试)You'll probably never go to Mars or sing on the stage with the Rolling Stones.But if virtual reality (VR) ever lives up to its promise, you might be able to do all these things—and many more—without even leaving your home.Unlike real reality, virtual reality means simulating(模仿)bits of our world.Apart from games and entertainment, it's long been used for training airline pilots and surgeons and for helping scientists to figure out complex problems such as the structure of protein molecules(分子)．Then how does it work?
Close your eyes and think of virtual reality and you probably picture something like this: a man wearing a wrap­around headset and data gloves wired into a powerful workstation or supercomputer.What distinguishes VR from an ordinary computer experience is the nature of the input and output.Where an ordinary computer uses things like a keyboard, mouse, or speech recognition for input.VR uses sensors that detect how your body is moving.And where a PC displays output on a screen.VR uses two screens (one for each eye)，surround­sound speakers, and maybe some forms of touch and body feedback as well.
VR has been routinely used by scientists, doctors, dentists, engineers, architects, archaeologists, and the military for about the last 30 years.Difficult and dangerous jobs are hard to train for.How can you safely practice taking a trip to space, making a parachute jump, or carrying out brain surgery? All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications.
Like any technology, virtual reality has both good and bad points.Critics always raise the risk that people may be addicted to alternative realities to the point of ignoring their real­world lives—but that criticism has been leveled at everything from radio and TV to computer games and the Internet.Like many technologies，VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you don't have to use it if you don't want to.
9．What equipment do we probably need for virtual reality?
A．A keyboard, a headset and a supercomputer.
B．A headset，data gloves and a speech recognition.
C．A headset，data gloves and a supercomputer.
D．A keyboard, a mouse and a speech recognition.
10．What is the Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The principles of virtual reality.
B．The applications of virtual reality.
C．The history of virtual reality.
D．The influences of virtual reality.
11．What is the writer's attitude towards VR?
A．Appreciative.　　　 B．Cautious.
C．Skeptical. D．Indifferent.
【答案与解析】
9．C　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，虚拟现实需要的装备有连接着工作站或者超笔记本的贴面耳机和数据手套，故选C。
10．B　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句以及最后一句可知，该段主要讲述的是虚拟现实的应用，故选B。
11．A　观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句和本文的整体理解可推知，作者对VR持赞成态度，故选A。
D
(2018·山西省六校高三第四次名校联合)To personal trainer Sammy Callari, 13­year­old Parker Seward is more than a client(客户)．He's his “little brother”．Over the past year, the pair have bonded.They play basketball together, share meals and dance to hip­hop like no one's watching.
The trainer was asked to work with the 13­year­old boy, who has Down syndrome(唐氏症), because his coworker who dealt with the boy was out of town last spring.Callari had never worked with someone with a disability before.He was anxious the first day he met Parker.But Parker's big smile and cheery introduction immediately put him at ease.He reminded Callari of himself when he was a teenager.Like Parker, Callari has also faced his fair share of challenges over the years.
As a high schooler, Callari described himself as being the weak kid.When it came to sports, he was always overlooked.His dream of playing baseball in college quickly faded away.When he went to college, Callari turned to a new sport.His younger brother trained him to become a boxer.Callari participated in five matches.Out of four of those fights he was the underdog, and he won three times.“I know how it feels，” Callari said.“Society tells you that you can't do this, you can't do that.” When it comes to Parker, Callari refuses to accept the word “can't”．
The friends meet twice a week to train.They bike, box, run and work on their core with push­ups.Parker has a short attention span, so it's Callari's job to keep him focused.“If Parker can do it, it he's having fun, even with his frustration, then people will ask, ‘Why can't I do that？’” Callari said.“That's the whole task right now.”
Callari recalls Parker's mom once thanking him for taking a “chance” on her son.Callari told her he never viewed it that_way. Parker may be the student, but Callari says he's also the one who's learning.
12．Why was Callari asked to train Parker?
A．They shared the same interests.
B．Parker's parents had faith in Callari.
C．Callari was an expert in Down syndrome.
D．Callari took place of his absent colleague.
13．What can we learn about Callari when he was in high school?
A．He was good at sports.
B．He was out of condition.
C．He was looked down upon by everyone.
D．He was influenced deeply by his brother.
14．What does the underlined part “that way” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Parker's story is an inspiration to many.
B．Parker's progress is due to Callari's effort.
C．Callari is also learning from Parker in the course.
D．Parker is not only a client but also a friend to Callari.
15．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．An inspiring story of a disabled boy.
B．A high schooler suffering lots of failure.
C．The friendship between a disabled boy and his personal trainer.
D．Ways of developing friendship with the boy with Down syndrome.
【答案与解析】
12．D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Callari被要求来培养Parker，是因为Callari的同事不在城里，Callari代替他，故选D。
13．B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，Callari在读高中时，身体健康状况不好，故选B。
14．B　词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句可知，“Callari told her he never viewed it that way.”这句话的意思是Callari告诉Parker的母亲，他并不认为Parker的进步归功于Callari的努力，故选B。
15．C　主旨大意题。根据第一段的点题可知，本文主要讲了一个患有唐氏综合征的男孩和他的私人教练之间的故事，与其说他们是师生，倒不如说他们是朋友，故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2018山东省菏泽市高三第一次模拟)Everything is online these days，and it's so easy to search online for whatever you want. The Internet is a valuable tool, but it's easy to find yourself disturbed by it.For example, you're working on an essay, and you need to do some search online. 　1　 Before you know it，you've spent an hour reading more information than you'll be able to use.Maybe you notice an attractive title or something else that draws you away from your work.　2　
Addiction to social media is closely related to our general addiction to the Internet. Everyone is always on their phones. 　3　 As a result, when I get to work, I don't have enough attention and energy to put toward the task.If this sounds like you, then your productivity has suffered because of the way you use the Internet.
　4　 So we should learn to live with it.The only way to stop the Internet from occupying all your time and concentration is to disconnect.When you disconnect, you'll get your attention back and work productively.Thus, when working on a challenging task, keep your phone out of reach.Meanwhile, go into your work with the intention of having greater focus and energy so that you'll be discouraged from using the Internet. 　5　 This pressure will help you get the job done on time.
A．Your search terms bring back 20 pages of results.
B．On the whole, the Internet can be a help or a block.
C．It will draw your attention to more important matters.
D．The Internet has changed the way our world functions.
E．As a result, time disappears but you still don't finish your work.
F．I have surely caught myself checking my phone every ten minutes.
G．Besides, you can force yourself to complete your task in the fixed time.
【答案】1～5　AEFBG
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
I've spent most of my career as a traveling salesman，so I know that__1__ is an occupational disease.But one year，my__2__ gave me the cure for my homesickness.
It had black bright eyes，a red bow tie and orange feet－a stuffed penguin(企鹅) that__3__about five inches tall.Attached to its left wing__4__a little sign with the hand­painted declaration “I Love My Dad！”．I immediately__5__the penguin on my table.
On my next trip，I put the__6__in my suitcase.That night when I called home，my daughter Jeanine was__7__because the penguin had disappeared.“Honey，he's here with me，” I explained，“I brought him__8__”．
__9__，the penguin came with me—as necessary as my briefcase.And we__10__along the way.In Albuquerque，I checked into a__11__，dropped my bag and ran to a meeting.When I returned，the maid had__12__the bed and put the penguin on the pillow.
One night，I discovered the penguin__13__，and after a mad phone call，I learned I'd__14__it in my previous hotel room，__15__it had been rescued by a maid.I__16__a hundred miles to get it，and when I arrived at midnight，the penguin was waiting at the front desk.In the hotel lobby(大厅)，other tired business travelers were__17__at the reunion of my penguin and me－I think with a touch of__18__.
Jeanine is in college now，and I don't travel__19__.The penguin sits on my table，a reminder that love is a wonderful traveling__20__.All those years on the road，it was the one thing I never left home without.
1．A.cold　　　　　　　 B．hunger
C．loneliness D．fever
2．A.boy B．daughter
C．friend D．mother
3．A.stood B．lay
C．jumped D．climbed
4．A.wrote B．turned
C．was D．had
5．A.threw B．lost
C．gave D．placed
6．A.bear B．penguin
C．dog D．rabbit
7．A.upset B．happy
C．glad D．excited
8．A.up B．off
C．along D．down
9．A.From now on B．In the future
C．In future D．From then on
10．A.had friends B．had friend
C．made friends D．made friend
11．A.school B．hotel
C．shop D．supermarket
12．A.given B．turned
C．made D．carried
13．A.sleeping B．going
C．living D．missing
14．A.forget B．left
C．ordered D．sent
15．A.there B．when
C．where D．how
16．A.ran B．walked
C．hurried D．drove
17．A.surprised B．frightened
C．looked D．laughed
18．A.anger B．envy
C．sadness D．illness
19．A.as many B．as seldom
C．so little D．as much
20．A.toy B．picture
C．companion D．tool
【答案与解析】
1．C　因为作者是一位经常出差的销售人员，综合选项可知，感到“孤独”是这一行业的职业病，故C项正确。
2．B　由下文可知，此处指的是“我”的“女儿”。
3．A　女儿送“我”的是一个5英寸高的毛绒企鹅。由空后的about five inches tall可知，此处说的是毛绒企鹅“竖放”约有5英寸高。
4．C　在它左边的翅膀上系着一块手写的小标语。本句是将attached to提前的倒装句，结合被动语态的构成可知本题选C，表示小标语被系在毛绒企鹅的左边翅膀上。
5．D　“我”立刻将企鹅“摆放”在桌子上。place“摆放”，符合文义。由下文可知作者对毛绒企鹅非常爱惜，不可能将其“扔”在桌子上，故A项不正确；B、C项不符合逻辑。
6．B　在“我”下次出差的时候，“我”将企鹅放在了手提箱内。此处承接上文，讲的仍是毛绒企鹅。
7．A　毛绒企鹅不见了，“我”女儿自然会“沮丧”。
8．C　此处指作者将毛绒企鹅带在身边了。bring along意为“将……随身携带”。
9．D　从那时起，毛绒企鹅就一直带在“我”身边。from then on意为“从那时起”；from now on意为“从现在起”；in the future意为“在将来”；in future意为“今后”。
10．C　在路上我们成了好朋友。make friends意为“交朋友”。
11．B　在阿尔伯克基，“我”入住了一家旅馆。check into意为“到达并在……登记”，故选B。
12．C　当“我”回来的时候，女服务员早已铺好了床并把毛绒企鹅放在了枕头上。make the bed意为“铺床，整理床铺”。
13．D　从下文可知，“我”的毛绒企鹅“不见了”。
14．B　打了一通电话后“我”才得知我把企鹅落在先前的旅馆了。leave sth.in…表示“将某物遗忘在某处”。
15．C　“我”将企鹅遗忘在了先前的旅馆，还好一位女服务员将它“救”了。此处是定语从句，表示地点用where。
16．D　“我”驱车行驶了一百多英里去取它。路程比较长，可推知作者是“开车”去的。
17．A　在旅馆大厅，看到“我”和“我”的企鹅“团聚”其他的商务旅客都很“惊奇”。综合选项可知，A项最符合文义。
18．B　看到“我”和企鹅“团聚”其他的商务旅客不但有点惊奇，“我”想还有一点点的“嫉妒”。B项最符合逻辑。
19．D　作者的女儿已经上大学，而作者也很少像以前那样出差。此句补全应为“I don't travel as much as before”。
20．C　由上文可知，企鹅提醒着“我”，爱是旅途中最美好的“陪伴”。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Happiness is like a pebble(鹅卵石) dropped into a pool to cause a circle of ripples(涟漪)．As Stevenson has said，“Being happy is a duty.”
There is no exact 1.________(definite) of the word “Happiness”．Happy people are happy for all sorts of reasons.The key is not wealth or physical well­being，2.________we find beggars，the disabled and so­called failures that are extremely happy.
Being happy is a sort of unexpected dividend(红利)．But 3.________(stay) happy is an accomplishment，triumph(胜利) of soul and character.It is not selfish to struggle for it.It is，indeed，a duty to ourselves and 4.________.
Being 5.________(happy) is like infectious(传染) disease.It causes people 6.________shrink away from the sufferer.He soon finds himself alone and miserable.There is，however，a cure so simple that it seems，at first glance，ridiculous; if you don't feel happy，pretend 7.________(be)!
It works.Before long you 8.________(find) that instead of annoying people，you attract them.You discover how 9.________(deep) rewarding it is to be the center of a wider and wider circle of good will.Then the make­believe 10.________(become) a reality.You possess the secret peace of mind，and can forget yourself in being of service to others.
【答案】1.definition　2.because/since/as　3.staying
4．others　5.unhappy　6.to　7.to be　8.will find
9．deeply　10.becomes
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
Dear Tom，
I am sorry to hear that you are upset about the fact what you are laughed at by your classmates because you are short and fat.
Of course，it was impolite for them to laugh at others' physically disadvantages.You need to communicate with them and be preparing to help them when they are in need of help.And you will find that you are popular with your friend.If they continue to make fun with you，you can turn to your teachers and parents for help.
From a letter you sent to me，I knew that you gained lots of weight because of you preference for junk food.This is a bad habit but you must give it up.Besides，you'd better to do some exercise every day to lose weight.
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Tom，
I am sorry to hear that you are upset about the fact you are laughed at by your classmates because you are short and fat.
Of course，it impolite for them to laugh at others' disadvantages.You need to communicate with them and be to help them when they are in need of help.And you will find that you are popular with your .If they continue to make fun you，you can turn to your teachers and parents for help.
From letter you sent to me，I knew that you gained lots of weight because of preference for junk food.This is a bad habit you must give it up.Besides，you'd better do some exercise every day to lose weight.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.书面表达
(2018届湖南师大附中高三高考模拟)假设你是学生李华，你的外国朋友Sam最近了解到中国的“新四大发明”，并对其中的手机支付(Alipay)非常感兴趣，他来信希望你能简单地向他介绍手机支付，并且谈谈你对手机支付的看法。请你用英语给他回信。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sam，
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Sam，
Learning that you are interested in China's four great new inventions, I'm writing with pleasure to briefly introduce one of the four—Alipay, which has recently taken our country by storm.
Alipay is a software that can transfer the money from your deposit card into the application so that you are able to pay for commodities using your phone.It is the widespread use of Alipay that saves us the trouble of taking cash.
For my part, I'm in favor of Alipay in that we can purchase stuff in a more convenient way.However, personal information could be revealed, so we need to use it properly.
I would be delighted if the above could be of value.If you want to know more, feel free to ask! Looking forward to your reply!
Yours，
Li_Hua
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She gave in to curiosity and opened the letter ________ (address) to her sister.
2．They should abandon ________ (play)computer games and cheating in the exams.
3．Hard as my brother studied，he wasn't ________ (qualify) enough for a good university.
4．I want to see Mary.We have an ________ (appoint)．
5．They acknowledged ________________(defeat)．
6．His story of what happened that night didn't correspond ________ the witness's version.
7．One­third of the participants in the current study dropped ________ before its conclusion.
8．To prove he was guilty，they combed ________ the files for evidence of his crime.
9．The famous writer often says that he ____________(not achieve)so much without the support and encouragement from his wife.
10．Look on the bright side of things，____________ you will live happily.
【答案】1.addressed　2.playing　3.qualified
4．appointment　5.having been defeated　6.to/with　7.out
8．through　9.couldn’t have achieved　10.and
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．As far as I know, they are at command of the present situation.
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2．With your help, the job would have never been completed in time.
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3．He has decided to withdraw out the competition.
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4．The long the war lasts，the more the people there will suffer.
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5．What you said is not relevant in the subject.
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6．Work harder, and you won't pass the exam.
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7．There was no one to turn, no one to tell.
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8．What we say should be on correspondence with what we do.
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【答案】1.at→in　2.With→Without　3.out→from　
4．long→longer　5.in→to　6.and→or　7.turn后加to　
8．on→in