2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分Book8　Unit2　Theuniversallanguage

Book 8　Unit 2　The universal language
晨读暮诵　单元话题——文化交流

1．culture n．文化
2．custom n．习俗
3．tradition n．传统
4．exchange n．交换
5．experience v．体验
6．adventure n．冒险
7．communication n．交流
8．introduce v．介绍
9．celebrate v．庆祝
10．literature n．文学
11．broaden one's horizons开阔某人的视野
12．rich and colorful丰富多彩
13．exchange students交换生
14．adapt (oneself) to (使自己)适应
15．remove prejudice and misunderstanding消除偏见和误解
16．local customs and practices风土人情
17．be familiar with熟悉；通晓
18．bring in引进
19．think highly of重视
20．adopted words外来词

1．I felt very pleased and excited，for this was the first time I had ever talked with a foreigner in English，and I did give him a little help.
我感到很高兴，也很兴奋，因为这是我第一次用英语和外国人讲话，并且我确实给了他一点帮助。
2．They look so attractive and alive that I think you could be interested in them and at the same time you will have a better understanding of Chinese traditional culture.
它们看起来如此迷人且栩栩如生，以至于我想你会对它们感兴趣，同时你也可以更好地了解中国传统文化。
3．On the other hand，I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country.
另一方面，我希望在这个发达国家能开拓视野。
4．Beijing is a lively city with a long history, where you can see ancient and modern cultures.
北京是一个拥有悠久历史的充满活力的城市，在那里你会看到古代文化和现代文化交织在一起。
5．I attach great importance to English study outside the classroom and I often turn to the website EnjoyReading for help，where I read a great number of articles about English and Western culture.
我非常重视课堂以外的英语学习，经常求助EnjoyReading网站，我在这个网站上阅读大量的关于英语和西方文化的文章。

假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Andrew不久前去美国留学，他给你写信说很不适应那里的生活。请你根据以下提示用英语给他写一封回信，鼓励他勇敢面对。
1．尊重当地的风俗习惯；
2．与美国学生多交流；
3．积极参加户外活动；
4．注意与人交往时的礼仪。
注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
[参考范文]
Dear_Andrew，
How_nice_to_hear_from_you_again! I think it is natural for you not to get used to the life there. Here I have some suggestions for you.
First of all, you should respect the local customs there and try to involve yourself in the natives' lives. Just as the saying goes，“When in Rome，do as the Romans do.”Secondly，don't be afraid to communicate with American students and make friends with them.Friendship will bring you happiness.What's more，it is better for you to join in more outdoor activities with your friends，which may help you relax and have fun.Finally, mind your own manners and remain modest and honest when getting along with your friends.
I do hope my suggestions will help. May you adapt to your new life and enjoy your stay there.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua


[高频词汇]
1．________(adj.) 共同的，普遍的，全体的，全世界的
2．________(vt.& vi.) 选派角色；投射(光、影)；向……投以(视线、笑容)
3．________(vt.& vi.& aux.) 敢于，胆敢
4．________(vt.) 逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占
5．________(vt.) 强烈要求；需要；(n.) 要求；需求
6．____________ (adj.)清楚的，显然的
7．________(vt.) 训斥，责骂
8．________(n.) 单身汉，未婚男子；学士
9．________(n.) 衰落，衰败；减少；下降；(vi.& vt.) 衰落；下降；婉言谢绝
10．________(n.) 趋势，动向
11．________(vt.& vi.) 试图，设法；寻找，寻求
12．________(n.) 偏见，成见；(vt.)使怀有(形成)偏见
【答案】1.universal　2.cast　3.dare　4.seize　5.demand
6．evident　7.scold　8.bachelor　9.decline　10.trend
11．seek　12.prejudice
[派生词汇]
1．________(adj.) 令人不安的；引起恐慌的→________(vt.) 打扰→________(adj.) 心乱的；心理不正常的
2．________(adj.) 不情愿，不愿意；勉强的，无奈的→________(adj.) 热心的，自愿的→________(n.) 乐意
3．________(adj.) 仁慈的，慈悲的，宽大为怀的→________(n.) 仁慈，怜悯，宽容
4．________(n.) 失业→________(n.) 雇用，工作，职业→________(v.) 雇用→________ (n.) 雇主→________(n.) 雇员
5．________(n.) 作品集；收藏品；一批(人或物品)；取走→________(vt.)收集
6．________(adj.) 逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的→________(adv.) 逐步地
[词缀归纳]
在merciful一词中，“­ful”为构成形容词的后缀。常见的还有：awful可怕的，使人不愉快的；cheerful兴高采烈的；faithful忠实的；graceful优雅的；respectful敬意的。
【答案】1.disturbing；disturb；disturbed　2.unwilling；willing；willingness　3.merciful；mercy　4.unemployment；employment；employ；employer；employee　5.collection；collect　6.gradual；gradually　
[语境活用]
1．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his ________ (employ) enjoy their work.
2．When ________ (scold) by his father, the boy always keeps silent.
3．They are still ________ (试图) to find a peaceful solution to the conflict.
4．If children were made to feel inferior to other children, their confidence would ________ (减弱)．
5．The ________ news made people present at the meeting ________.(disturb)
6．Thanks to the good care of the nurses, the boy is ______(gradual) recovering from his lung operation.
7．The ________ (mercy) king saved him from death.
8．She ________ (要求) to know why she had not been told from the start.
【答案】1.employees　2.scolded　3.seeking　4.decline
5．disturbing　disturbed　6.gradually　7.merciful　8.demanded

1．be condemned ________ sth.　　　　被处以某种刑罚
2．ask ________ sb.'s hand in marriage (向女方)求婚
3．fall ________ love 相爱，坠入爱河
4．________ first sight 初次见面；乍一看
5．participate ________ 参加；参与
6．split ________ 分手；分裂；破裂
7．spring ________ 突然兴起，迅速出现
8．break ________ 破裂，解散；破碎；拆开
9．________ crazy 变得疯狂，发疯
10．take ________ 呈现；雇用；承担
11．have roots __________ 扎根于
12．depend ________ 依赖，依靠
13．apply ________ 申请
14．________ one's promise 违背诺言
15．serve ________ 起……作用；用作……
16．try ________ 实验；试用
【答案】1.to　2.for　3.in　4.at　5.in　6.up　7.up　8.up
9．go　10.on　11.in　12.on　13.for　14.break　15.as
16．out
[语境活用]
1．David said that he would participate ________ the football match.
2．Modern middle schools like mushrooms have sprung ________ in China recently.
3．As a matter of fact, none of us can live alone in society. We all depend ________ others sometimes to some degree.
4．I have applied ________some vocational schools and have been waiting for their reply.
5．Things became worse and worse, so I would go ________ if this went on.
6．The man was found guilty of armed robbery and condemned ________ eight years' imprisonment.
7．Oceans serve ________ the main arteries of transportation between continents.
8．Tom and Mary fell ________ love with each other ________ first sight and in a short time they got married.
9．In recent years，great changes have taken place in our city，making it take ________a new look.
10．It was feared that if the oil tanker broke ________， it would result in further pollution to the ocean.
【答案】1.in　2.up　3.on　4.for　5.crazy　6.to　7.as　8.in；at　9.on　10.up

1. [原句]　Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City—there could not be a more awesome setting!
[点拨]　“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
[仿写]　就我个人而言，身体健康最重要。
As far as I'm concerned, nothing is ________________________________.
2. [原句]　Unfortunately, Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene, and it had to be completed by one of his former students, Franco Alfano.
[点拨]　before引导时间状语从句，意为“尚未来得及”。
[仿写]　我还没来得及问她的名字，她就把电话挂了。
She rang off ________ I had time to ask her name.
3. [原句]　Wherever the Beatles went，there was a phenomenon called ‘Beatlemania’— thousands of fans would surround them，screaming and going crazy trying to see them.
[点拨]　wherever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论去哪里，无论在什么地方”。
[仿写]　我希望你无论在哪里，都要用现在所拥有的做好你能做到的事情。
I expect you to do what you can with what you have, ________________________.
【答案】1.more important than health　2.before
3．wherever you are

第一板块　核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．condemn vt.判刑，宣判；指责，谴责
be condemned to sth.　　　　被处以某种刑罚；使某人被迫接受困境
condemn sb.to death 判处某人死刑
condemn…as… 指责……为……
condemn sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而谴责某人
be condemned to do sth. 注定做某事
condemnation n. 谴责，指责
①Those who do not learn from the past are condemned to repeat it.
不能从过去吸取教训的人注定还要摔跟头。
②The law has ______________ an attack on personal liberty.
这项法律被指责侵犯人身自由。
③She knew that society would condemn her for abandoning her child.
她知道她会因遗弃自己的孩子而遭到社会的谴责。
【答案】②been condemned as
[巧学助记]

2．dare vt.& vi.& aux.敢于，胆敢
①I hardly dared ________ she'd remembered me.
我几乎不敢指望她会记得我。
②So，let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.
所以，充分发挥自己的想象力，敢于去梦想。
③They dare not play a joke on him in case he becomes angry.
他们不敢对他开玩笑，怕他发火。
【答案】①to hope
[温馨提示]　(1)dare用作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，没有人称和数的变化，后面跟动词原形，其否定式为dare not。
(2)dare用作实义动词时，有人称、数和时态的变化，常见搭配为dare to do sth.，在否定句和疑问句中，to可以省略。

(2017·高考浙江卷，读后续写)他们两手空空，不敢与狼搏斗。然而，他们仍然勇敢地走近狼。
[翻译]　With nothing on the hand, they didn't dare to fight against the wolf.However, they still approached to the wolf bravely.
3．demand vt.强烈要求；需要 n．要求；需求
(1)demand sth.of/from sb.　　　对某人要求某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that sb.(should) do sth. 要求某人做某事
demand of sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
(2)in demand 需求大
on demand 一经要求
satisfy/meet the/one's demands 满足(某人的)要求
①Feed the baby ________ demand.
宝宝需要就喂食。
②The public demanded ________________ the truth about it.
公众要求知道事情的真相。
③The workers demanded (that) their employer improve their working conditions.
工人们要求雇主改善他们的工作条件。
【答案】①on　②to be told
[温馨提示]　(1)“要求某人做某事”不可用demand sb.to do sth.，但可用demand of sb.to do sth.。(2)demand后的名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式“should＋do”，should可以省略。

(2018·高考天津卷，阅读理解C)So instead of eating a piece of yesterday's bread from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for you on demand.
[分析]　本句是简单句，句中分词短语eating a piece of…作介词of的宾语，固定搭配on demand意为“急需的；已经要求”。
[翻译]　所以，与其吃一块昨天从超市买的面包，你还不如吃一些为你量身定做的面包。
　 　
4.decline n．衰落，衰败；减少；下降vi.& vt.衰落；衰退；下降；婉言谢绝
(1)fall into (a) decline　　　开始衰退
in decline/on the decline 走下坡路；衰退中；在减少
(2)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
①He always declined to visit Murray.
他总是拒绝去拜访默里。
②The number of tourists to the resort declined ________ 15% last year.
去年该旅游胜地的游客人数减少了15%。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中decline的含义。
③They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.________
④Oil production has already peaked，and is on the decline in about 50 nations.________
⑤It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.________
⑥According to scientists，our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.________
【答案】②by　③谢绝　④下降　⑤下降　⑥衰退
5．seek vt.& vi.试图，设法；寻找，寻求
seek (for) sth./sb.　寻找某物/某人
seek sth.from sb. 向某人请求/寻求某事
seek to do sth. 尝试/试图做某事
seek out 挑选出；物色；找出
seek one's fortune 外出闯世界；寻找成功致富之路
①We are always seeking to improve productivity.
我们一直在设法提高生产率。
②The tourists sought ________ a shady spot where they sat down and rested.
游客们找到一块阴凉的地方坐下休息。
③One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings，particularly if they are close in age.
孩子获得父母特别关注的一种方式是让自己在兄弟姐妹中，尤其是在和自己同龄的兄弟姐妹中变得与众不同。
【答案】②out

(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ，阅读理解D)One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary.
[翻译]　其中一组被要求与服务员互动；另一组，只有在必要的时候才说话。
6．fall in love (with sb.)爱上(某人)，相爱，坠入爱河
①It's easy to fall in love when you meet the right person.
当你遇上合适的人就很容易恋爱。
②Meanwhile, Ann went to the one­dollar store and bought some pet supplies, warning her two sons not to ________________ the dog.
与此同时，安去了一元店买了一些宠物食品，警告她的两个儿子不要爱上这只狗。
[词义辨析]
fall in love with
“突然爱上”，表示动作，是短暂性动词短语
be in love with
“爱/喜欢”，表示状态，是延续性动词短语
③Nancy was so attractive that Jimmy ________________ her the first time he saw her. Now they ______________ each other for 3 years.
【答案】②fall in love with　③fell in love with；　have been in love with
7．break up破裂，解散；破碎；分手；分拆，分解；结束(关系等)；期末放假
break out　　　　　(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)爆发
break in 强行进入
break off 断开，折断；中断
break into 闯入；突然开始(带宾语)
break through 取得突破
break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；分解
break away from 逃脱，脱离
①But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.
但与之前的研究相比，她发现在这一研究中分解的速度令人兴奋。
②Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.
战争爆发时，她的朋友们来帮助她。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中break up的含义。
③After the end­of­term examination, all the schools begin to break up.________
④He lost his job and his marriage broke up.________
⑤If you do not understand her in this matter, you might easily break up with her.________
⑥They broke up the partnership because of the disagreement.________
⑦As the meeting broke up, the participants divided into smaller groups—twos and threes.________
⑧There are plans to break the company up into several smaller independent companies.________
【答案】③期末放假　④破裂　⑤分手　⑥结束(关系等)
⑦结束　⑧分拆，分解
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is ____________ the decline.
2．Suddenly，a tall man driving a golden carriage________(seize) the girl and took her away，________(disappear) into the woods.
3．It is said that the music band decided to break ________ after many years together.
4．—He ________(be) in love with Mary for 12 years up till now.
—They'll get married sooner or later.
5．We sought ________ an answer to the question，but couldn't find one.
6．The arts of China ________ (not decline) in spite of Western influence.
7．The law demands that everyone________ (have) his car checked at least once a year.
8．Syria's using chemical weapons has been ________(condemn) by the entire world.
9．The problem was that he didn't know what had hurt her and he didn't dare ________(ask) her.
10．Some parents demand too much ________ their children.
【答案】1.on　2.seized；disappearing　3.up　4.has been　5.for　6.have not declined　7.(should) have
8．condemned　9.ask　10.of/from
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．How dare you to pick up the phone and listen in on my conversation!
_____________________________________________________________
2．There wasn't such a big decline on enrollments after all.
_____________________________________________________________
3．Seek to find out the real cause of the accident was what he was eager to do.
_____________________________________________________________
4．She told me they have got in love for over five years.
_____________________________________________________________
5．Mr.Smith demanded to seeing the headmaster immediately to settle the problem.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.去掉to　2.on→in　3.Seek →Seeking　4.got→been　5.seeing→see
第二板块　经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
1．Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City—there could_not_be_a_more_awesome_setting!
想象一下在紫禁城上演这出歌剧吧——不可能有比这更棒的场景了！
句中could not be a more…为“否定词＋比较级”结构，表示最高级意义。
表示最高级意义的常用结构还有：
(1)比较级＋than＋
(2)完成时＋never＋
(3)can't…＋
①I can not agree with your idea more.
我完全同意你的观点。
②The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.
中国的人口比世界上任何国家的人口都多。
③He said that he had never seen such a glorious sunrise.
他说他从未见过如此壮观的日出。
④He is so kind and helpful；you __________________.
他既善良又乐于助人，你再怎么表扬他都不为过。
【答案】④can't praise him too much
2．Unfortunately，Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene，and it had to be completed by one of his former students，Franco Alfano.
不幸地是，普契尼还没写完最后一幕就因心脏病去世了，这一幕不得不由他以前的学生法兰高·阿法奴完成。
句中before引导时间状语从句，表示“尚未来得及”。
含before的常用句式有：
(1)It won't be＋一段时间＋before…
用不了多久就会……(before从句用一般现在时)
(2)It will be＋一段时间＋before…
要过多久之后才……(before从句用一般现在时)
(3)It wasn't＋一段时间＋before…
没过多久就……(before从句用一般过去时)
(4)It was＋一段时间＋before…
过了多久才……(before从句用一般过去时)
①It will be a long time before I finish reading the novel.
我需要很长时间才能读完这本小说。
②________________________ I realized the truth.
过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。
【答案】②It was some time before
[温馨提示]　before引导时间状语从句时有各种不同的译法：(1)在……之前；(2)……才……；(3)(不久)就……；(4)以免……；(5)还没来得及……
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．我认为没有比友谊更珍贵的东西。
I think ________________________ than friendship.
2．几年之后我才意识到他对我撒了谎。
Several years went by ________________ that he had lied to me.
3．没过多久他就适应那儿的生活了。
________________________ he became used to the life there.
4．他想象不出更祥和的景象。
He couldn't imagine ________________________.
【答案】1.nothing is more valuable　2.before I realized　3.It was not long before　4.a more peaceful scene　
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇及句式完成下面的小作文。
1．京剧是我们祖国的国粹。(quintessence)
2．京剧表演令人叹为观止。(awesome)
3．它在清朝快速兴起。(spring up)
4．没有听过京剧的人可能会对它有所偏见。(prejudice)
5．一旦你找到机会欣赏这种高雅的艺术，你就会爱上它。(seek，fall in love with)
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【参考范文】
Beijing Opera is the quintessence of our motherland.The performance of Beijing Opera is awesome.It sprang up in the Qing Dynasty.Some people who haven't enjoyed Beijing Opera may have a prejudice against it.Once you seek the opportunities to enjoy the elegant art, you will fall in love with it.

[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·河北省衡水中学高三考前适应性测试仿真模拟)
Sydney Opera House Tours
We offer three different tours of this iconic buildings.
The Essential Tour brings to life the story behind the design and construction of one of the world's most famous landmarks.Using interactive audiovisual technology, your guide will take you on a memorable journey inside the youngest building ever to be World Heritage listed.
Afterwards, why not stay around and eat at the Studio Café， with its modern Australian menu? You can both enjoy the best views in Sydney and claim a 20% reduction on the total cost of your meal.(Don't forget to show your ticket in order to claim your discount.)
Language: English, French, German
Takes place: Daily between 9 a．m. and 5 p．m.
Prices: Adult $35/ Online $29.75
Concessions：Australian seniors and pensioners; students and children of 16 and under $24.50
Prior bookings are not essential.
The Backstage Tour gives you backstage access to the Sydney Opera House.It is a unique opportunity to experience the real­life dramas behind the stage! You might even get to stand on the concert hall stage, take up a conductor's baton in the orchestra pit and imagine you are leading the performance.You will also get to see inside the stars' dressing rooms.
The tour concludes with a complimentary breakfast in the Green Room, the private dining area of performers past and present.
Takes place: Daily at 7 a．m.
Prices: $155.No concessions.
To purchase: Bookings are essential.Limited to 8 people per tour.
Online sales expire at 4：30 p．m. two days prior.
Notes: The tour includes up to 300 steps.Flat，rubber­soled shoes must be worn.For safety reasons, children of 12 years old and under are not permitted.
Opera High Tea consists of a tour where you will walk in the footsteps of world­class singers, dancers and musicians, followed by fine food and music in the spectacular surroundings of the Bennelong Dining Room.What could be better than a treat of delicious light snacks and soft drinks followed by a live recital (独唱会) by a leading Australian singer? An unforgettable treat for young and old!
Takes place: Every second Wed., 2 p．m.
Duration: 1.5 hours
Prices: $145 per person
Book online or visit the Guided Tours Desk
1．A traveler will enjoy a performance if he chooses ________.
A．the Essential Tour
B．the Backstage Tour
C．Opera High Tea
D．any of the tours
2．Joining the Backstage Tour, a traveler ________.
A．is allowed to wear sneakers when standing on the stage
B．will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestra
C．can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfast
D．can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour
3．If a couple who travelled with their 17­year­old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of$150 there, what would the lowest cost be if paid in cash?
A．$203.25.　　　　 B．$214.5.
C．$225.　　 D．$239.25.
【答案与解析】
1．C　细节理解题。根据关键句Opera High Tea consists of a tour where you will walk in the footsteps of world­class singers, dancers and musicians, followed by fine food and music in the spectacular surroundings of the Bennelong Dining Room.可知，在Opera High Tea旅游者可以看到世界一流歌手、舞者和音乐家的表演，故选C项。
2．A　推理判断题。根据关键句Notes: The tour includes up to 300 steps.Flat, rubber­soled shoes must be worn.可知，必须穿扁平的橡胶底鞋，故可以推断出运动鞋是允许穿的。故选A项。
3．C　细节理解题。根据题干信息可知，夫妻二人和他们的孩子共三人，结合关键句Prices: Adult $35/ Online $29.75可知，票价为35×3＝105美元；由关键句You can both enjoy the best views in Sydney and claim a 20% reduction on the total cost of your meal.可知，饭菜总价减少20%，故饭菜价格是150×(1－20%)＝120，故总价为225美元，故C项正确。
B
Believe it or not，there're always some people who like staying up too late. However，sleeping early can bring us many benefits.
Healthy heart.Staying up late in the night is a way to torture your body with high blood pressure and cholesterol(胆固醇)．These are the risks associated with the heart.
Reduce stress.A peaceful sleep in the night relieves physical and mental stress.It relaxes the body and mind.With insufficient sleep you're risking your health with heart strokes and other diseases.
Enhance memory.Sleeping early lets your mind arrange tired thoughts well.Waking up early with a fresh mind will repossess(重新获得) all of it.
Protect you from diseases.By sleeping late in the night you're only stressing yourself，which will increase the blood pressure and cholesterol(胆固醇) levels.So sleep early and let your body maintain the pressure levels constant.
________ Breakfast is very important to kick start the day.Most of the times as we wake up late we miss it.
Positive performance.Sleeping continuously for at least 7 hours in the night is necessary.Inadequate sleep will curb your ability to think creatively，cope up with stress and concentrate.
Help metabolism(新陈代谢)．Our body needs to send away all the unwanted waste from within.Sleeping through the day till noun will disorganise the exile.We need to eat and sleep on time to maintain energy.
Reduce the risk of cancer.Sleep in the dark.Light in the night reduces the melatonin(褪黑激素) level which's supposed to cause sleep and prevent the risk of cancer.
Boost energy.Sleeping early will let you complete your 7 hours of sleep and make you fresh the next morning.It gives you the energy to perform better.
Maintain weight.When you sleep too late your organism is disturbed.Sleeping for less than 7 hours a day is an invitation to obesity.
4．What kind of sleep can relieve the physical and mental stress?
A．A peaceful sleep.
B．An insufficient sleep.
C．A continuous sleep.
D．An inadequate sleep.
5．What should be filled in Paragraph 6?
A．Breakfast is important.
B．You might miss breakfast.
C．Wake up for breakfast.
D．Give time for breakfast.
6．How many hours should a man sleep according to the text?
A．9 hours. B．8 hours.
C．7 hours. D．6 hours.
7．What will happen if you sleep less than seven hours?
A．Losing weight.
B．Becoming sleepless.
C．Becoming active.
D．Becoming fat.
【答案与解析】
4．A　细节理解题。由第三段第二句“A peaceful sleep in the night relieves physical and mental stress.”可知本题选A。
5．D　主旨大意题。由整个第六段可知是在介绍早餐很重要，但是如果起晚了就会吃不上早餐，故要早起以便有时间吃早餐，因此D项总结的最佳。
6．C　细节理解题。第6、9、10条都提及至少应睡7个小时，因此选C。
7．D　推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“Sleeping for less than 7 hours a day is an invitation to obesity.”可知，每日睡眠时间少于7小时是肥胖的“邀请函”，因此睡眠少于7小时会导致肥胖，故选D。
C
(2018湖北省荆州中学高三英语检测)When success comes quickly, as a result of hard work meeting opportunity, one tends to forget that it may not always continue on trend.
Like me, most people do not “hit_it_big”．We tend to take a more circuitous (迂回的) route toward success.Believe that great success is not always given to the lucky but those who go after it long and diligently.
Recently I have conversations with many people that are in the “success” stage, not happy where they currently are or feeling “unsuccessful”．Society has made us confirm that we need to be wealthy in order to be successful.I tell them not to get on the “way off track”．Success doesn't have to be financial, it could be relationships, it could be fulfilling your passions, and it could be your health level.I know many successful people that are not wealthy but are rich in their career or spirit.The worst thing people can do is go after “money” by any kind of means.Success is made by serving others, and in turn, you will get the rewards of financial success.
It's not easy travelling down the roads of patience, risk and uncertainty.You must stay flexible because the road to success is always under construction.You must concentrate because someone or something will throw a roadblock in the middle of the road.So, get ready for difficulty and delays.Stop worrying about failure.
The road to success is not a straight line; it's over mountains and down in the valleys.With determination and belief, you will most certainly get there.Trust you will have powerful and new breakthroughs as long as you get rid of the hurdle of self­doubt and never give up.And, even if all else fail, remind yourself that: I couldn't wait for success, so I went ahead without it.
8．When success comes quickly a person probably ________.
A.forgets it is not easy to be successful
B．forgets successful trend continues
C．forgets success may not be always true
D．remembers success may come suddenly
9．What does the underlined phrase “hit it big” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Have a big dream.
B．Achieve great success.
C．Solve a big problem.
D．Hit something heavily.
10．According to the author most people have the wrong opinion that ________.
A．the rich are successful
B．the poor may be successful
C．to succeed needs money
D．success belongs to the lucky
11．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．Success Needs Courage
B．The Road to Success
C．What Leads to Success
D．Success Is our Dream
【答案与解析】
8．A　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，成功得太快的人往往会忘记成功的不容易。
9．B　词义猜测题。根据第二段第二、三句可推断，hit it big意为“取得巨大的成功”。
10．C　推理判断题。 根据第三段第二、三句可推断，作者认为成功需要大量的财富这个观点是错误的。
11．B　标题概括题。全文主要论述成功往往不是一蹴而就的，在通往成功的道路上，我们需要勇气，不害怕失败。
D
(2018湖北省武邑中学高三下学期第四次模拟)When Dee Dee Bridgewater learned that she would become a 2017 NEA Jazz Master, a series of thoughts and feelings flooded her mind.“It was so far out of my orbit and just my whole sphere of thinking，” she said in a conversation at NPR this spring, hours before she formally received her award.
She's 66—far from retirement age in jazz, and on the extreme forward edge of the NEA Jazz Masters people.So she was aware of her relative youth in the field. She also recognized that there haven't been many women in the ranks of NEA Jazz Masters: fewer than 20, out of 145.That idea led her to reflect on her predecessors (前任): legendary singers like Betty Carter, who was seated back in 1992, and Abbey Lincoln, who received the nod in 2003.
Bridgewater sought inspiration and advice from both Carter and Lincoln, as she recalls in this period of Jazz Night, which features music recorded during the season opener for Jazz at Lincoln Center.On a program called “Songs of Freedom”， organized by drummer Ulysses Owens, Jr., Bridgewater sang material associated with Lincoln as well as Nina Simone: an extremely angry song of the civil rights movement, like “Mississippi Goddam”．
A separate concert, “Songs We Love”， found Bridgewater singing less politically charged (but still exciting) fare like “St.James Infirmary”， which appears on her most recent album.In words as well as music, this period reveals how seriously Bridgewater takes that responsibility, seeing as how it connects to her own experience in the jazz lineage.But maybe “seriously” isn't the right word when it comes to Dee Dee, whose effervescence (欢腾) shines through even in a reflective mood.Join her here for a while; she's excellent company, no more or less so now that mastery is officially a part of her resume.
12．What did Bridgewater think of her winning the award?
A．It confused her.
B．It was beyond her expectation.
C．It won great popular support for her.
D．It gave her much confidence about her career.
13．What can we learn about the musicians winning NEA Jazz Masters?
A．Women ranked higher than men.
B．Men accounted for a bigger part of them.
C．Most of them were unwilling to retire at first.
D．Many of them received the award at an early age.
14．Who is more likely to have a great influence on Bridgewater?
A．Carter and Lincoln.
B．Ulysses and Lincoln.
C．Nina Simone and Carter.
D．Nina Simone and Ulysses.
15．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．Bridgewater's music theme.
B．Bridgewater's music experience.
C．Bridgewater's personal characters.
D．Bridgewater's great achievements.
【答案与解析】
12．B　推理判断题。根据第一段中“It was so far out of my orbit and just my whole sphere of thinking”可知，获奖一事出乎迪·迪·布里姬沃特的意料。
13．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“there haven't been many women in the ranks of NEA Jazz Masters: fewer than 20, out of 145.”可知，在获奖的145位歌手中，女性不到20位。
14．A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Bridgewater sought inspiration and advice from both Carter and Lincoln”可知，布里姬沃特向卡特和林肯寻求灵感和建议。
15．A　主旨大意题。综览最后一段可知，其内容主要介绍了迪·迪·布里姬沃特的音乐主题。
Ⅱ.七选五
As the famous poem “Youth” has written，“Youth is not a time of life，it's a state of mind.” But how can you make a difference in your life?
Firstly，　1　.The skills of learning，the knowledge of learning as well as the process of learning are all wealth and treasures in our life，which make your simple life interesting.You could also gain social experience from taking part in large activities and gain knowledge from books you read.　2　，and take part in any activity which can show your characteristics.
Secondly，as the old saying goes，“Although you have failed one hundred times，there's still another chance for you to catch.”　3　.So grasp every opportunity to express your strong point and put your heart into it.
Thirdly，　4　.So it's of great significance to be an optimist(乐观者)．That is，we ought not to hesitate to meet any challenges in our life.
Last but not least，to have a regular life style is a good way to keep healthy and achieve your ambitions.It goes without saying that a strong body is the capital of a revolution.
　5　，you could be able to adapt the contemporary life and make a difference in your simple life.
A．Be confident，behave yourself in public
B．failure or success is mostly depended on one's attitude towards things
C．those who have a good command of learning can manage things well
D．Let's cheer up our success
E．When all is said and done
F．If everything is possible
G．That's what makes life active and powerful
【答案】1～5　CAGBE
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2018· 山西省六校高三第四次名校联合百日冲刺)It was on a sunny Saturday afternoon in the spring of 1949 that I learned an important life lesson about judging others by their physical appearance.
As a senior at a high school, I worked part time as a salesman in a __1__ center.The job provided a pleasant working environment and a modest __2__.My weekly paycheck __3__ a base salary and commissions(佣金)earned on the __4__ of radios and music­related accessories(配件)．
For maximum __5__ at acquiring commissions, especially on sales of higher­priced items, two other teenage salesmen and I used the “up” system, taking turns greeting __6__ entering the shop.
On that __7__ afternoon, a tall, unshaven man walked in wearing clothing more __8__ for yard work than for shopping.
This slim，__9__ fellow was my “up”， but after glancing at his __10__， I quickly concluded my __11__ would be more profitably spent with another apparently __12__ customer, so I looked at my co­worker Norman and signaled that I was giving up my __13__ to him.
Norman __14__ as this unseemly looking fellow walked to the radio display, pointed at the Trans­Oceanic and asked whether he had six in __15__.Norman looked __16__ at me, then turned and went into the storeroom.He immediately __17__ and said that there were six.Then the buyer opened his checkbook and waited for Norman to write the __18__.And I was asked to help carry the six Trans­Oceanic boxes to the back seat of the buyer's car __19__ nearby.
Ever since that notable afternoon some 68 years ago, I have carefully __20__ judging others only on their appearance.
1．A.sports B．music　
C．drawing D．dancing
2．A.income B．product　
C．pension D．profit
3．A.determined B．adjusted　
C．combined D．contributed
4．A.spread B．focus　
C．sale D．record
5．A.freedom B．purpose　
C．expectation D．fairness
6．A.farmers B．customers　
C．workers D．educators
7．A.unbearable B．uncomfortable　
C．unreasonable D．unforgettable
8．A.suitable B．cool　
C．responsible D．available
9．A.polite B．crazy　
C．proud D．ragged
10．A.status B．appearance　
C．expression D．movement
11．A.efforts B．rewards　
C．trend D．safety
12．A.wealthy B．busy　
C．plain D．common
13．A.cause B．turn　
C．bond D．plan
14．A.approached B．compromised　
C．pretended D．apologized
15．A.demand B．exchange　
C．advance D．store
16．A.challengingly B．embarrassedly　
C．unbelievably D．disappointedly
17．A.stopped B．trembled　
C．returned D．forgot
18．A.bonus B．discount　
C．receipt D．comment
19．A.sold B．selected　
C．insured D．parked
20．A.admitted B．avoided　
C．risked D．considered
【答案与解析】
1．B　根据下文“…earned on the __4__ of radios and music­related accessories(配件)．”可知，作者当时在一家音乐中心当售货员。sports 体育；music音乐；drawing 绘画；dancing舞蹈。
2．A　这份工作提供了令人愉快的工作环境和适度的收入，与下文“a base salary and commissions(佣金)”呼应。income 收入；product 产品，；pension退休金；profit利益。
3．C　作者每周的薪水是底薪和销售收音机和音乐配件收入提成的结合。combine A with B 意为“把A和B结合起来”。determine决定；adjust调整；combine结合；contribute贡献。
4．C　与下文“For maximum __5__ at acquiring commissions, especially on sales of higher­priced items，”呼应可知，作者每周的薪水是底薪和销售收音机和音乐配件收入提成的结合。spread传播；focus 集中；sale 销售；record记录。
5．D　根据语境“especially on sales of higher­priced items, two other teenage salesmen and I used the ‘up’ system, taking turns greeting __6__ entering the shop.”可知，此处表示为了最公平的获得奖金。freedom自由；purpose目的；expectation 期待；fairness公平。
6．B　作者他和其他两个销售员轮流迎接进入商店的“顾客”。farmer农民；customer顾客；worker工人；educator教育工作者。
7．D　由下文可知，一个穿着看起来很贫穷的买不起东西的人，却买了那么多东西，所以那个下午自然很难忘。unbearable 难以忍受的；uncomfortable不舒服的； unreasonable 不合理的；unforgettable难忘的。
8．A　句意：一个不修边幅的人走进商店，他穿的衣服看起来更适合是做庭院修理工作的，而不是来购物。固定词组搭配：be suitable for 意为“适合”。suitable相配的；cool 冷静的；responsible 有责任的；available可获得的。
9．D　这个消瘦的、衣衫褴褛的家伙就是作者的顾客，下文他所购买的东西和其外貌不符。polite有礼貌的；crazy疯狂的；proud骄傲的；ragged衣衫褴褛的。
10．B　根据上文“a tall, unshaven man walked in wearing clothing more __8__ for yard work than for shopping.”可知，在扫视了顾客的“外貌”后，作者就得出结论，作者觉得他的“努力”花费在富有的顾客身上更有益。status 地位；appearance外貌；expression表达；movement活动。
11．A　解析同上。efforts 努力；rewards 奖赏；trend 趋势；safety安全。
12．A　与语境“profitably”呼应可知，作者认为在富有的顾客身上多花点力气更有益。wealthy 富有的；busy忙碌的；plain朴素的；common普通。
13．B　与上文“taking turns greeting __6__ entering the shop” 呼应可知，答案选B。cause原因；turn转向；bond联结； plan计划。
14．A　当这个其貌不扬的家伙走到收音机陈列区时，Norman 靠近了他。approach走近；compromise妥协；pretend假装；apologize道歉。
15．D　根据下文“Norman looked __16__ at me, then turned and went into the storeroom.”可知，此处表示他问他店里是否有六台收音机。固定短语：in store 意为“贮藏”。demand要求；exchange交换；advance前进；store存储。
16．C　一个其貌不扬的人，居然出手阔绰，一下子要买六台收音机，Norman感觉难以置信。 challengingly 挑战性地；embarrassedly 尴尬地；unbelievably 难以置信地；disappointedly失望地。
17．C　他立即返回，说仓库里有六台。stop 停止；tremble颤抖；return返回；forget忘记。
18．C　然后这个买主打开他的支票簿，等待Norman 写收据。bonus 奖金；discount 折扣；receipt 收据；comment评论。
19．D　根据语境“the buyer's car”可知，此处表示这个买主停在附近的车。sell出售；select选择； insure确保；park停车。
20．B　作者自此之后，学会了不再以貌取人。admit承认；avoid避免；risk冒……的危险；consider考虑。
Ⅱ.语法填空
It is wonderful that you are finally 1.________ (interest) in the Internet. Now we can use it to keep in touch. You can make new friends and find information on the Internet too. You can either browse, 2.________ means just looking at general information, 3.________ use a search engine to search.
Just type in what you want to know and the program will help you 4.________ (find) what you want. It will give you a list of web 5.________(address). These are all links. That means you can click on them, and the Internet will take you to different websites. Sometimes you will go 6.________(direct) to the web page with the information you need. Other times, you will find 7.________ (you) at the home page. That is 8.________ first page of a website.
If you don't find what you need, you can click on the back arrow and return 9.________ the previous page. If it takes a long time for a page to appear on your screen, you click the refresh button, and usually it will appear faster. If you want to keep the page available 10.________doing something else, just minimize it. It will wait at the bottom of the screen.
【答案】1.interested　2.which　3.or　4.find/to find
5．addresses　6.directly　7.yourself/ yourselves　8.the　9.to　10.while/when
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
(2018·四川省泸州市高三第二次教学质量检测性)Recently our school website has set up a new column calling “English Corner”．The column makes it is convenient for us students to post our ideas but experiences.It also offers us opportunities to communicate with each other in English, which helps to get their writing ability improved.The column covers a wide variety topics, such as news, sports, life, entertainment and much other links about famous people around the world.To our greatly delight, we can get online instruction from the teachers.It is our teachers' online guidance which benefits us a lot.Whoever posts the most information will have rewarded.We liked the column very much.
【答案】
Recently our school website has set up a new column “English Corner”．The column makes it convenient for us students to post our ideas experiences.It also offers us opportunities to communicate with each other in English, which helps to get writing ability improved.The column covers a wide variety topics, such as news, sports, life, entertainment and other links about famous people around the world.To our delight, we can get online instruction from the teachers.It is our teachers' online guidance benefits us a lot. Whoever posts the most information will rewarded.We the column very much.
Ⅱ.书面表达
(2018·安徽省合肥市高三第二次质量检测)假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Paul 告诉你他对中国文化很感兴趣，希望了解中国古典音乐。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1．简单介绍中国古典音乐(乐器、音乐风格，和西方音乐的不同等)
2．你会送他一张二胡音乐的 CD。
注意： 1.词数 100 左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．
Dear Paul，
How is everything going?
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Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Paul，
How_is_everything_going? I'm so glad to know you adore Chinese culture.Without doubt, Chinese classical music is one of the typical symbols.Actually, in China, Chinese classical music is never out of date.It is often played by many gifted musicians who play traditional Chinese instruments like guzheng, yangqin, pipa, xiao and so on.
Different from western music, Chinese traditional melody is connected to Chinese poetry, which makes it more charming.When you listen to it, you must be personally on the scene, just like communicating with the composer.In order to let you know more about it, I will send you a CD of music played by erhu.After you experience elements from different cultures, you will know the power and the beauty of the music.Hopefully you will enjoy it!
Yours，
Li_Hua
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Now we have the most direct ________(evident) that he is right.
2．In the past，white people tended to be ________(prejudice) against black people just because of their races.
3．Their marriage broke ________because her husband didn't have a job and did nothing all day.
4．The question seemed easy ________first sight, but when we tried to answer it, we discovered how difficult it was.
5．They actively seek ________(be) part of a “we”， a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.
6．This was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something ________(mercy) to catch snakes but not harm them.
7．—You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant ________， but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
8．The boss demanded that the worker ________(finish)it within a week.
【答案】1.evidence　2.prejudiced　3.up　4.at　5.to be
6．merciful　7.to　8.(should) finish
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I can't see the more beautiful girl in my life.
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2．Where you are, you must be polite to others.
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3．It won't be long since you become used to living here.
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4．He looked about for her everywhere, felt deeply frustrated at her disappearance.
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5．Unless asking to answer questions, the students were not supposed to talk in Mr White's class.
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【答案】1.the→a　2.where→wherever　3.since→before　4.felt→feeling　5.asking→asked