2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分Book5　Unit1　Gettingalongwithothers

Book 5　Unit 1　Getting along with others
晨读暮诵　单元话题——人际关系

1．stress v．强调
2．considerate adj.体贴的
3．depressed adj.失望的，沮丧的
4．harmonious adj.和谐的
5．shortcoming n．缺点
6．consequently adv.所以；因此
7．benefit n．&v.益处；使受益；得益于
8．familiar adj.熟悉的
9．appreciate v．感激；欣赏
10．communicate v．交流；沟通
11．precious adj.珍贵的
12．relationship n．人际关系
13．fall in love with相爱；爱上
14．trust each other相互信任
15．turn to sb.for help向某人求助
16．look down upon看不起；轻视
17．take…seriously认真对待……
18．think highly/much of sb.对……评价高
19．make up和解
20．be on good terms with sb.与某人关系好

1．Not until then did I realize the value of friends.
直到那时我才意识到了朋友的价值。
2．As we all know, making friends can help us establish good interpersonal relationships, and build a harmonious society.
众所周知，交友有助于我们建立良好的人际关系，也有利于构建和谐社会。
3．Being polite is the most important step to develop a relationship among friends.
礼貌是建立朋友关系时最重要的一步。
4．What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others.
我想强调的是我们中的每一个人都应该更多地倾听别人。
5．To build a good relationship，we should trust each other first.
要建立良好的关系，我们首先应该彼此信任。

生活中我们都需要朋友，我们该结交怎样的朋友，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语(quotation)，按要求用英语写一篇短文。
A true friend is a source of strength and hope.
—Jonathan Lockwood Huie
内容要求：
1．你对该引语的理解；
2．你的相关经历；
3．恰当的结尾。
注意：1.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2．文中不能出现考生的具体信息；
3．词数100左右。
[参考范文]
This_quotation_from_Jonathan_Lockwood_Huie_tells_us_that real friends can give us strength and hope when we are in trouble and real friends can benefit from each other.We need such friends who can point out our mistakes directly and who have the same life goals as us.Once I failed again and again in my math and lost interest in it，it was my best friend who encouraged me not to give up and offered help in time.With his kind and selfish help，I gradually caught up with others.
So I say we need friends but what we most need is a friend that can rich our life.


[高频词汇]
1．________(vt.)出卖，背叛
2．________(vi.&vt.)假装；装扮，扮作
3．________(adj.)愉快的，高兴的；令人愉快的
4．________(vi.&vt.)集中注意力于……，使聚焦；(n.)焦点；重点
5．________(n.)方式；态度，举止
6．________(n.&vi.)评论，谈论
7．________(vi.)争吵，争论
8．________(adj.)令人尴尬的，别扭的；笨拙的
9．________(n.&vi.)争吵，争执
10．________(adj.)易生气的；敏感的；体贴的
11．________(vt.&n.)羡慕，忌妒
12．________(vt.)责备，指责(n.)(坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责
13．________(adj.)有天赋的，有才华的
14．________(adj.)荒唐的；怪诞的
15．________(vt.)克服，解决
16．________(n.)话题
17．________(n.)态度，看法
18．________(vi.)做出反应，回应
19．________(n.)平安，安全；安全措施
20．________(n.)宽恕；仁慈
【答案】1.betray　2.pretend　3.cheerful　4.focus　5.manner
6．remark　7.argue　8.awkward　9.quarrel　10.sensitive　11.envy　12.blame　13.gifted　14.absurd　15.overcome　16.topic　17.attitude　18.respond　19.security　20.mercy
[派生词汇]
1．________(vt.&vi.)承认；允许进入，接纳→________(过去式，过去分词)→________(n.)承认；许可
2．________(vt.&vi.)发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话→________(过去式)→________(过去分词)
3．________(vt.)原谅，宽恕→________(过去式)→________(过去分词)→________(n.)宽恕
4．________(adj.)内疚的；有罪的→________(adv.) 内疚地；有罪地→________(n.)罪行；内疚
5．________(adj.)伤人的；残酷的，残忍的→________(adv.)残酷地→________(n.)残酷；虐待
6．________(vi.)道歉→________(n.)道歉
7．________(adj.)小心的，谨慎的→________(adv.)慎重地；谨慎地→________(n.)谨慎；小心
8．________(n.& v．)希望→________(adj.)有希望的→________(adv.)有希望地→________(adj.)无望的
[词缀归纳]
cheerful是由“名词cheer＋后缀－ful”构成的形容词。常见含有后缀－ful的形容词有：thankful充满感激的；useful有用的；beautiful美丽的；hopeful有希望的；careful仔细的。
【答案】1.admit；admitted；admission　2.swear；swore；sworn
3．forgive；forgave；forgiven；forgiveness　4.guilty；guiltily；guilt　5.cruel；cruelly；cruelty　6.apologize；apology　
7．cautions；cautiously；cautiousness　8.hope；hopeful；hopefully；hopeless
[语境活用]
1．When his mother came in, he________(假装)to be doing his homework.
2．The teacher ________(评论) that the article was well written.
3．By________(集中注意力于……)on saving oil，water, paper，food，and clothing, we are playing a part in cutting down on waste.
4．There's no doubt that the consumers are still very ______(敏感的) to the price.
5.Once you form the habit of ________(指责)somebody or something else for a bad situation, you will be a loser.
6．Despite such a big difference in________(看法) towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.
7．As long as we are united, there is no difficulty we can't ________(克服).
8．This essay is so short that it can only scratch the surface of the________(话题)．
9．He said he was there all the time, but I ________(发誓)I never saw him.
10．When this happens, the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated ________(争论).
【答案】1.pretended　2. remarked　3.focusing　4.sensitive
5．blaming　6.attitude　7.overcome　8.topic　9.swear　10.argument

1．keep pace ________　　　　　(与……)步调一致
2．________ long 不久，很快
3．get ________ (用电话)接通
4．be based ________ 以……为根据
5．regardless ________ 不管，不顾
6．end ________ 最后成为；最终处于
7．rely ________ 依靠，依赖
8．thanks ________ 幸亏；由于
9．feel like ________ 想要做……
10．________ one's word 遵守诺言
11．be cautious________ 对……谨慎；对……小心
12．________advance 事先，提前
13．can't help ________　 情不自禁做……
14．look back ________　 回顾，回首
15．spy ________ 暗中监视
【答案】1.with　2.before　3.through　4.on　5.of　6.up
7．on　8.to　9.doing　10.keep　11.about　12.in
13．doing　14.on　15.on
[语境活用]
1．There should be so many great changes happening in my hometown that I can't help________ proud of it.
2.The little boy walked slowly and couldn't keep pace ________ his elder brother.
3.We were tired of waiting and hoped the bus would come ________long.
4.I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn't get ________ (to you)．
5.You must________________ your word if you want to be trusted.
6.The service is on offer to all family members regardless ________________age.
7.We had spent Sunday together but end ________spending all day working on our car.
8.It was thanks ________ your timely help that we accomplished the task on time.
9.With his help, everything has been fixed ________advance.
10．He could only rely ________ working as a waiter to live，but the hard life did not let him give up his passion for music.
【答案】1.being　2.with　3.before　4.through　5.keep
6．of　7.up　8.to　9.in　10.on

1. [原句]　I don't think I can ever truly forgive her.
[点拨]　本句采用了否定转移结构。
[仿写]　我不相信这么小的孩子们能在那么短的时间内完成这项任务。
I ________________ that such little children can finish this task in such a short time.
2. [原句]　Football is very important to me, but so is our friendship.
[点拨]　so＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语(表示前面肯定的情况也适用于后面的人或物)
[仿写]　玛丽喜欢弹钢琴，简也是。
Mary likes playing the piano and_________________.
3. [原句]　Yesterday，I saw him talking to another boy, Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me.
[点拨]　cannot help doing sth.“情不自禁做某事”。
[仿写]　看到那个场景，我禁不住想起我幸福的童年。
Seeing the scene I ________________________ my happy childhood.
4. [原句]　When asked，they usually hesitate before responding，‘My best friend？…’
[点拨]　句中“when asked”作时间状语，是“when they are asked”的省略形式。
[仿写]　当被问到他为什么做此事时，他说这是他的职责。
________________________，he said it was his duty.
【答案】1.don't believe　2.so does Jane　3.can't help thinking of　4.When asked why he did it

第一板块　核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．pretend vt.&vi.假装；装扮，扮作
pretend
①He pretended not to know the facts.
他佯装不知实情。
②He pretended to be looking for something when I came in.
我进来时他假装在找东西。
③We're not really sisters we were just ________.
我们不是真姐妹，我们只是假装为姐妹。
【答案】③pretending
2．admit vt.&vi.承认vt.允许进入；接纳
(1)admit (doing/having done) sth.　承认(做过)某事
admit (to sb.)that… (向某人)承认……
admit sb./sth.to be 承认某人/某物是……
(2)admit sb.to/into… 准许某人进入(或加入)……/入学(入院)
be admitted to/into… 被接收(入学/入院/入党等)
be admitted as 作为……被接受
(3)admission 准许进入；入场费；承认
①I must admit I didn't actually do anything to help her.
我必须承认实际上我并没有帮她忙。
②How many students have been admitted ________ the school this year?
今年这所学校有多少学生入学？
③At last the man had no choice but to admit ________ the computer from the office.
最后那个人别无选择只得承认从办公室里偷了电脑。
【答案】②into　③having stolen
[温馨提示]　admit作“承认”之意时，后接v.­ing作宾语，而不能接不定式。
3．focus vt.&vi.(使)聚焦；集中注意力于…… n．焦点；重点
(1)focus on/upon　　　　　　集中于；重点在
focus one's eyes/attention/mind on…
把某人的视线/注意力/心思集中到……上
(2)bring sth. into focus 使某事物成为焦点
the focus of… ……的焦点
①If you focus on all that is awful，you will miss all that is wonderful.
如果你关注所有糟糕的事情，你将会错过所有精彩的事情。
②The case has brought the problem of child abuse sharply ________ focus.
这个案子已经使虐待儿童问题引起了高度重视。
【答案】②into
(2015·高考湖北卷，书面表达)Sensing my state of puzzlement，my teacher told me that by just focusing my attention on small things，I can make a big difference.
[翻译]　感觉到我的困惑，我的老师告诉我只需注意一些小事情就能产生大作用。

4．remark n．[C]评论，意见vi.&vt.评论，谈论
(1)remark on/upon…　　　对……发表评论/看法
remark that… 谈论/说起……
(2)make a remark on/about 就……发表意见；对……评头论足
(3)remarkable adj. 非凡的，奇异的，显著的
①Everyone remarked on his absence.
大家对他的缺席议论纷纷。
②Why are we releasing this silver dollar for such a ______________ price?
我们为什么要高价发行这枚银币呢？
【答案】②remarkable
5．argue vi.争吵，争论vi.&vt.辩论，主张，说服
(1)argue for/against…　　　　赞成/反对……
argue that… 主张/认为……
argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n. 争论，争辩，论点
beyond argument 无可争辩
①They were arguing about how to spend the money.
他们就这钱该怎么花而争论不休。
②My friend is trying to argue me ________ joining the Sports Club.
我的朋友正试图说服我加入体育俱乐部。
【答案】②into
6．apologize vi.道歉
(1)apologize to sb.for (doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)apology n. 道歉
make an apology to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb.an apology 应向某人道歉
①Victor apologized to me for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan.
＝Victor ________________________ his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan.
维克多因为没有通知我计划有变而向我道歉。
②I must apologize for ____________ able to meet you.
我因为没能接你而向你道歉。
【答案】①made an apology to me for　②not being
7．blame vt.责备，指责；把……归咎于n.(坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责
(1)blame sb. for sth./doing sth.　因某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备
(2)accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
put/lay the blame for sth.on… 将某事归咎于……
①We object to being blamed for something that we haven't done.
我们反对把与我们无关的事情作为理由来谴责我们。
②If a son is uneducated，his dad ________________.
子不教，父之过。
③I refuse to accept the blame ________ something that was someone else's fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的过错而带来的责备。
【答案】②is to blame　③for
[温馨提示]　be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
8．respond vi.做出反应，回应vt.& vi.回答
(1)respond to　　　　答复……；对……做出反应
respond by doing… 通过做……来做出反应(回应)
(2)response n. 回应，反应，回答
in response to 对……做出反应
make a response to 对……作出回答/回应
①No one has yet responded to our complaints.
还没有人对我们的投诉作出回复。
②They eagerly went to work in the border regions in ______________ to the Party's call.
他们热情地响应党的号召，到边疆去工作。
【答案】②response
[巧学助记]
In response to the enthusiasm of the crowd，the singer responded by singing another song.
针对听众的热情回应，这位歌手又唱了一首歌。
9．get through(用电话)接通；用完；完成，(设法)处理；通过(考试等)；熬过(困境)
get across　　　　　把……说清楚；使被理解
get over 解决，克服；从(疾病、震惊中)恢复常态
get about/round 走动；(消息等)传开
get away with 逃离/逃脱惩罚
get down to 开始认真(做某事)
①With the teacher's help，I eventually got over my depression.
在老师的帮助下，我终于从低落中走出来了。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中get through的含义。
②I've been trying to phone Charles all evening，but there must be something wrong with the network；I can't seem to get through.________
③She found writing helped her get through the rough days.________
④I am glad to hear that she got through the exam, which she had been preparing for for a long time.________
⑤We got through all our usual Friday job list with his help ahead of time.________
⑥Let me use your typewriter when you get through with it.________
⑦I'll telephone you when I get through with this pile of papers.________
【答案】②接通　③熬过　④通过　⑤完成　⑥用完　⑦处理
10．end up最后成为；最终处于
end up＋adj./v.­ing　　最后；最终……
end up as… 作为……而结束
end up with 以……结束(后接表具体事物的名词)
end up in 以……告终(后接表抽象概念的名词)
①I love how people can seem so different, but end up being so similar.
我喜欢不管看上去多么不同的人最终会变得如此相似。
②Travelers have ended up ________ on mountains.
旅客们最终在山上迷路了。
【答案】②lost
11．rely on依靠，依赖；信任
rely on sb./sth.for…　　依靠某人/某物得到……
rely on one's doing sth./rely on sb.to do sth. 指望/信任某人做某事
rely on it that… 相信……
①You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.
你放心好了，他会来见你的。
②We rely on his finishing the work today.
＝We rely on him to finish the work today.
＝We rely on ________________ the work today.
我们相信他今天能完成这份工作。
【答案】②it that he will finish
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Little Tom admitted ________(steal) in the shop，promising that he wouldn't do that in future.
2．The students listened carefully to the teacher with their eyes ________(focus) on the blackboard.
3．Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond ________ similar situations.
4．________(blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.
5．Don't pretend ________(work) hard.I know that you are reading a magazine at the same time.
6．Jack ________(apologize) to the manager for the mistakes he had made.
7．I called him nearly ten times this morning，but I couldn't get ________.
8．Once made out，the law must be carried out regardless________ any difficulty.
9．He is the first person you can think of to rely ________，for he is always ready to help whoever is in need.
10．If you try to remember everything you will end up ________ (remember) nothing.
【答案】1.having stolen　2.focused　3.to　4.Blamed　5.to be working　6.apologized　7.through　8.of　9.on　10.remembering
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．With his mind focusing on the things not related to his studies, his marks have fallen rapidly.
_____________________________________________________________
2．All material I gave you is basing on the readings and class discussions.
_____________________________________________________________
3．There is no doubt that it's you who should be blamed for the broken door.
_____________________________________________________________
4．The teacher made a remark of the high grades the class received on the test.
_____________________________________________________________
5．She had been lying to her mother，pretended that everything was fine to her.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.focusing→focused　2.basing→based　3.blamed→to blame　4.of→about/on　5.pretended→pretending
第二板块　经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
1．I_don't_think I can ever truly forgive her.
我认为我永远不会真正地原谅她。
本句采用了否定转移结构。
否定转移是指把对宾语从句的否定转移到主句谓语动词上，需要注意的是它必须同时满足三个条件：
(1)主语是第一人称I或we
(2)主句谓语是一般现在时
(3)谓语动词应是think，believe，suppose，guess，imagine等
否定转移结构变成反意疑问句时，附加问句部分一般与从句一致。
①We don't suppose/think you understand in the least what we're saying.
我们认为你根本不明白我们在说什么。
②I don't think you've met Xiao Xin，________________？
我认为你没有见到小新，是吗？
③He doesn't think it will rain，________________？
他认为不会下雨，是吗？
【答案】②have you　③does he?
2．When asked, they usually hesitate before responding, My best friend?
当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：最好的朋友？
(1)句中When asked作时间状语，分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，这种结构实际上是时间状语从句“When they are asked …”的省略形式。
(2)状语从句省略的具体用法如下：
①适用从句：时间、地点、条件、方式和让步状语从句
②省略条件：从句主语与主句主语相同或从句主语为it，且从句的谓语部分含有be动词
③省略后从句的形式：连词＋形容词/副词/分词/不定式/名词
①Unless (it is)________， you'd better not stop.
除非事情做完了，否则你最好不要停下来。
②He scanned the newspaper while________ breakfast.
吃早饭时，他浏览了报纸。
【答案】①finished　②having

(2017·高考浙江卷，书面表达)As planned，we will leave by bus at 7：00 am at the school gate.
[翻译]按计划，我们将在七点钟在学校大门口乘公交车出发。

[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．因为我很忙，所以就不能帮助你修自行车了。
I ________________ your bike because I'm busy.
2．他是这样一位大公无私的人，你不得不尊敬他。
He is such a selfless man.You cannot help ______________________.
3．我想不会有任何人反对这个计划。
I ________________ anyone will object to the plan.
【答案】1.can't help repair　2.but respect him
3．don't suppose that
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面小作文。
1．当你和好朋友之间有了误解，你该怎么办呢？(misunderstanding)
2．首先，争吵和相互指责是没用的。(quarrel，blame)
3．你们都应该冷静地思考。(think over)
4．如果是你的错，你要向她/他道歉。(apologize)
5．你的朋友一定会谅解你的。(forgive)
6．如果这样的话，你们的友谊一定能得到加强。(if so)
7．要记住，友谊是以真诚为基础的。(be based on)
【参考范文】
When there is a misunderstanding between you and your best friend，what should you do？Firstly，it's no use quarrelling with each other or blaming for it.You should both think it over.If it's your fault，you should apologize to him/her first.And your friend must be able to forgive you.If so，your friendship will get strengthened.Just keep in mind that friendship is based on honesty.

[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·辽宁省六校协作体联考)So many of us hold on to little complaints that may have come from an argument, a misunderstanding, the way we were raised, or some other painful events.Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us — believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle a friendship or family relationship.
A friend of mine recently told me that she hadn't spoken to her son in almost three years.She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn't speak to him again unless he called first.When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she said, “I won't do that.He's the one who should apologize.” After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out.To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own.As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins.
Whenever we hold on to our anger, we turn “small stuff (问题)” into really “big stuff” in our minds.We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness.They are not.If you want to be a more peaceful person, you must understand that being right is almost never more important than allowing yourself to be happy.The way to be happy is to let go, and reach out.Let other people be right.This doesn't mean that you're wrong.Everything will be fine.You'll experience the peace of letting go, as well as the joy of letting others be right.
You'll also notice that, as you reach out and let others be “right”， they will become less defensive and more loving toward you.They might even reach back.But, if for some reason they don't, that's okay too.You'll have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world, and certainly you'll be more peaceful yourself.
1．The underlined word “rekindle” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．
A．recover　　　　　　 B．develop　
C．accept D．replace
2．In the author's opinion, we hold on to our anger often because we think ________.
A．we can turn small issues into big ones
B．our positions are higher than others'
C．our own opinions matter most
D．others will be less defensive
3．According to the passage, the best thing to do after a quarrel is to ________.
A．let go of our own rights　
B．realize that you are wrong
C．expect others to give in　
D．apologize to others first
4．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Be Peaceful　
B．Reach out and Give in
C．Small and Big Stuff
D．Enjoy Your Friendship
【答案与解析】
1．A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，此处指我们等待别人来与我们主动沟通，相信这是原谅和________一段友谊或家人关系的唯一方式。结合上文的forgive可猜测，rekindle意为“修复”，而recover的意思与之相近。故选A项。
2．C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段前两句可知，我们总是认为我们自己的立场更重要，所以会保持愤怒不放开。故选C项。
3．D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段的故事及最后一段可知，争吵之后要做的最好的事情是先向对方道歉。故选D项。
4．B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕与人发生争执、产生误会时，要主动与别人沟通，并在第二段举例为证，因此，B项(主动沟通和作出让步)用作文章标题最合适。
B
(湖南省三湘名校教育联盟2018届高三第三次联考)In America, each of the states likes to promote itself with a slogan (口号)．I currently live in Utah, where the slogan is “Life Elevated”．It's a nod to outdoor entertainment in the hill country, including the ski industry.I previously lived in Colorado, a land with red dirt, great mountains and golden plains.The slogan there is “Colorful Colorado”．Years ago I lived in the “Peach State” of Georgia, and I grew up in New Mexico as a little boy, whose slogan is “Land of Enchantment (魔力)”．
We never seemed to get away from dust in New Mexico, so I appreciate the story of a newcomer to the Land of Enchantment who learned about dusty wind.She was visiting an antique shop and the owner wiped down every item before showing it.The newcomer said, “Everything gets dusty here pretty quickly, doesn't it？” “That's not dust, honey，” the shop owner replied, “That's ENCHANTMENT”．That made the problem more acceptable or at least can be live with.An escalator (自动扶梯) broke, so he posted a sign to warn customers.He chose not to use the traditional “Out of Order” or “Do Not Use” warnings.Instead, his sign read, “This Escalator Is Temporarily a Stairway”．He turned a minus into humor and made it a plus.
And in fact there are some things, like the weather, we can't change.All we can change is our ways that we think and feel about them.I believe one of the best techniques to do this is to find some humor in the situation.Finding something amusing or enjoyable of difficulty, a troublesome problem can be one of the most creative and effective things we can do.Sometimes the only sense you can make of a situation is a sense of humor.
5．How many places has the author lived in from the first paragraph?
A．2. B．3.
C．4. D．5.
6．How would the newcomer probably feel after hearing what the shop owner said?
A．Angry. B．Relaxed.
C．Curious. D．Nervous.
7．What's the purpose of writing the text?
A．To encourage people to find the funny side in their daily life.
B．To show the effects of using slogans to raise the position.
C．To explain the skills of turning a disadvantage into humor.
D．To tell the strange experience of a bargain in an antique shop.
8．What dose the underlined word “it” in the Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Dust on items.
B．The antique shop.
C．An item for sale.
D．The Land of Enchantment.
【答案与解析】
5．C　细节理解题。根据第一段可知作者住过四个地方。故选C。
6．B　推理判断题。根据第二段第四句可知，在听到店主说的话之后，新来的人可能会感到放松。由此可知答案为B。
7．A　推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，这篇文章是为了鼓励人们在日常生活中找到有趣的一面。故选A。
8．C　词义指代题。根据第二段第二句可知她去了一家古玩店，店主在展示it之前把每件东西都擦了一遍。由此推知，it指的是“出售的东西”，故选C。
C
(2018沈阳高三教学质检)Shortly after the war，my brother and I were invited to spend a few days with an uncle who had just returned from abroad.He had rented a cottage in the country，although he rarely spent much time there.We understood the reason for this after our arrival：the cottage had no comfortable furniture in it，many of the windows were broken and the roof leaked，making the whole house damp.
On our first evening，we sat around the fire after supper listening to the stories which our uncle had to tell of his many adventures in distant countries.I was so tired after the long train journey that I would have preferred to go to bed；but I could not bear to miss any of my uncle's exciting tales.
He was just in the middle of describing a rather terrifying experience he had once had when there was a loud crash from the bedroom above，the one where my brother and I were going to sleep.
“It sounds as if the roof has fallen in！”cried out my uncle，with a loud laugh.
When we got to the top of the stairs and opened the bedroom door，we could see nothing at first because of the thick clouds of dust which filled the room.When the dust began to clear，a strange sight met our eyes.A large part of the ceiling had fallen down，falling right on to the pillow of my bed.I was glad that I had stayed up late to listen to my uncle's stories，otherwise I should certainly have been seriously injured，perhaps killed.
That night we all slept on the floor in the sitting room downstairs，not wishing to risk our lives by sleeping under a roof which might at any moment fall down on our heads.We left for London the very next morning and my uncle gave up his cottage in the country.This was not the kind of adventure he cared for either!
9．Why did the uncle seldom spend much time in the country cottage?
A．Because the roof of the cottage was falling.
B．Because the cottage was in bad condition.
C．Because he was used to living abroad.
D．Because there was no furniture in it.
10．When they opened the bedroom door，they could see nothing at first because ________.
A．it was completely dark inside
B．there was too much dust in the air
C．something strange blinded them
D．it was too bright inside
11．The writer felt glad that he had stayed up late because ________.
A．he did not miss the exciting stories
B．he spent more time with his uncle
C．he had a lucky escape
D．he saw a strange sight
12．Which of the following can best describe the writer's uncle?
A．Adventurous and good at storytelling.
B．Humorous and good at making jokes.
C．Dependable and generous with money.
D．Considerate and sensitive to danger.
【答案与解析】
9．B　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，叔叔租来的小屋居住条件比较差，因此他不经常住。
10．B　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，作者他们看不清楚是因为空气中有太多的灰尘。
11．C　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，作者庆幸自己熬夜听故事，从而躲过一劫。
12．A　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句和第二段最后一句以及最后一段最后一句可推知，叔叔很擅长讲故事并且具有冒险精神。
D
(湖南省长沙市雅礼中学、河南省实验中学2018届高三联考)Last year, when our three­year­old great­granddaughter Kylie was taken to see Santa Claus, she made sure to give him her wish list of toys.A week later, she ran into a different Santa in a mall.He stopped to ask what she wanted for Christmas.Kylie was surprised and let him know: “If you can't remember what I told you last week, how are you going to remember on Christmas Eve？”
Mary Paul, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
As my son Mike and I drove to the mall, we passed a Salvation Army Santa ringing his bell.“Mike，” I said, “there's Santa！” He shook his head.“That's just some guy in a Santa suit，” he said.It saddened me to think that maybe my son no longer believed in Santa, and we drove the rest of the way in silence.At the mall, we spotted another Santa greeting young believers.Suddenly, Mike took off toward him.Turning back to me, he shouted.“Now, there's the real Santa！”
Michael E．Fahey, Huntley, Illinois
We immigrated to America from China when I was six.Because I was shy and didn't speak English, I had few friends.My days were spent at home with my brother.Sometimes we'd help our neighbor Mr.Mueller pull weeds.One Christmas Day, there was a knock at the door.Grandma opened it, and there stood a big fellow in red with a snow­white beard, laughing, “Ho, ho, ho！” He handed out presents and made us laugh.I had so much fun.It was years later when I learned that our special Santa was our neighbor Mr.Mueller.
Joanne Tang, Litchfield Park, Arizona
13．Why was Kylie surprised when running into a different Santa?
A．Because she got what she wished.
B．Because she knew who the Santa was.
C．Because she wished to get another toy.
D．Because she thought they were the same Santa.
14．What would Mike's parent feel as to Mike's different attitudes towards Santa?
A．Angry.　　 B．Sad.
C．Confused. D．Understandable.
15．What did Mr.Mueller do on Christmas Day?
A．He stood outside our house.
B．He gave out gifts by acting as Santa.
C．He continued to pull weeds.
D．He stayed with us in our home.
【答案与解析】
13．D　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，当Kylie遇到另一个圣诞老人时，她感到很惊讶，因为她认为他们是同一个圣诞老人。故D项正确。
14．C　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，迈克遇到一个圣诞老人，他认为这个只是穿着圣诞老人的一个人而已；但在商场，碰到另一个圣诞老人，他却认为这个是真的，所以推知父母对迈克对圣诞老人的态度感到疑惑。故C项正确。
15．B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，在圣诞节Mr.Mueller以圣诞老人的身份送出礼物。故B项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
The Best Ways to Offer Support and Encouragement
Whether it is a friend, family member, or coworker, at some time or another somebody will need support and encouragement. This could be the result of a disappointing change in life, a health change or other similar challenges.　1　Even if you do not think that you have the ability to offer the proper support and encouragement, your willingness to be there and to listen may be enough.
Each situation is different, and each would require different levels of both support and encouragement.　2　Helping keep up someone's spirits when they are feeling helpless just by letting them know you are there, can make a serious difference in their lives.
　3　For people in this situation, often a telephone call, or dropping in to say “hello” is more than enough. You may not feel that you are doing much of anything, but to the person who is feeling isolated the effort you take to stop and see them, or call them can make a big difference. For someone who has recently lost a job, you may be able to offer support by helping them network effectively. Or, you may be able to help them craft a new resume, apply for benefits, or a number of other “small” things that may seem insignificant to you, but to them can be a very significant event.
　4　However, if you let them know that you are there for them, and make it a point to check in with them regularly, they may soon feel more comfortable and share them with you. Take for example a person who is suffering with depression. 　5　They may not be willing to admit that there is something wrong. However, if you trust your instincts(直觉) and take a little extra care to support and encourage them even in little ways, you can make a huge difference in their overall outlook.
A．You know that there is something wrong.
B．All too often, people feel isolated and do not know where to turn.
C．So you may need support and encouragement to pull through.
D．You may not always understand all of the issues going on in someone's life.
E．In such cases, it is natural for you to reach out and offer your support and encouragement.
F．You know better than anyone the best ways to support and encourage someone who is going through a difficult time.
G．The support you offer could be as simple as helping with simple household tasks, running errands(跑腿儿), or even being available for telephone calls.
【答案】1～5　EGBDA
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
As a child，I had a lot of anger inside and was not good at communicating properly.
Once，as I was getting ready for school，my mother__1__handed me my father's vest(背心) instead of mine.This was around the time that I was getting to be__2__in size than my father，and so as I__3__the vest，I felt like I was being__4__in it！I realized that it was a small__5__on my mother's part，but__6__the feeling of being choked controlled me and filled me with anger.
Without thinking much，I took out my anger__7__my mother.I was so__8__that she had handed me the wrong vest，that I__9__by violently tearing it apart from my chest！Later，my mother shared her own__10__with my father: “See what your son has done.” Instead of__11__me as I thought，my father__12__responded by asking my mother to mend the vest.He then__13__it to work the next day.
When Mother told me about my father's response—much later，when I had__14__from my fit－I immediately felt a great sense of__15__for my violent behavior，just__16__that he was spending the entire day wearing a torn vest.At the same time，I was filled with great__17__for my father，whose gentle kindness taught me a life lesson I would never__18__.　
On that day，I decided to never let__19__get the better of me.And__20__I hesitate，I try to remember my father's vest.
1．A.immediately B．carelessly
C．angrily D．excitedly
2．A.shorter B．larger
C．thinner D．better
3．A.put on B．took out
C．threw away D．came across
4．A.cheated B．protected
C．guided D．choked
5．A.success B．pain
C．mistake D．effort
6．A.hardly B．somehow
C．nowhere D．sometimes
7．A.on B．for
C．like D．from
8．A.polite B．curious
C．unhappy D．unlucky
9．A.doubted B．agreed
C．apologized D．responded
10．A.disappointment B．clothes
C．interest D．experience
11．A.encouraging B．punishing
C．praising D．preventing
12．A.proudly B．nervously
C．calmly D．sadly
13．A.carried B．sent
C．changed D．wore
14．A.resulted B．suffered
C．recovered D．separated
15．A.humour B．duty
C．courage D．shame
16．A.explaining B．imagining
C．suggesting D．hoping
17．A.respect B．pleasure
C．violence D．strength
18．A.learn B．share
C．forget D．choose
19．A.freedom B．knowledge
C．fashion D．anger
20．A.whenever B．unless
C．however D．although
【答案与解析】
1．B　本句前半部分提到作者当时正准备去上学，后半句提到作者的母亲把作者父亲的背心给了作者，由此可推断作者的母亲是一时“粗心”拿错了。
2．B　作者的母亲无意间拿错了背心是因为作者的身体正在发育，很快就可以超过父亲。此处强调作者的背心尺寸更“大”。其余三项都不符合常识。
3．A　当作者“穿上”父亲的背心后，感觉非常不自然。由上文可知是作者的母亲拿出了背心，而不是作者拿出的，因此B项不正确；D项表示“偶然遇到”，与上文内容不符。
4．D　此处与下一句中的…the feeling of being choked…相呼应，表示作者穿上父亲的背心后有一种窒息的感觉。此处表示父亲的背心尺寸太“小”，因此B、C两项错误。
5．C　作者意识到从母亲的角度来看待这件事情，这只不过是一个小小的“过错”。
6．B　虽然作者明白母亲不过是一时大意拿错了背心，可是穿上背心后那种窒息的感觉让作者“莫名其妙地”充满了愤怒。此处的somehow表示“莫名其妙地”。
7．A　作者没有过多思考，把满腔怒气发泄到了母亲身上，所以用on。后三项的语意都与语境不符。
8．C　由于作者的母亲拿错了背心，作者感到十分“不高兴”。
9．D　上文提到作者因穿错背心而不高兴，把满腔怒火发泄到了母亲身上，所以作者的“反应”是用力地撕扯身上的背心。
10．A　作者的母亲只不过是一时疏忽给作者拿错了背心，想不到作者的反应竟然如此疯狂，所以她把自己的“失望”之情告诉了作者的父亲。
11．B　根据本句后半部分中的内容可知作者的父亲当时没有像作者想象的那样“惩罚”作者。
12．C　根据本句后半部分中的内容可知作者的父亲只是非常“镇静地”让作者的母亲把背心缝补好。下文叙述的是作者对父亲的赞美，所以其他三项语意不恰当。
13．D　根据下一段中的…he was spending the entire day wearing a torn vest.可知作者的父亲让作者的母亲把背心缝补好之后就在第二天“穿”着它去上班了。前三项都与下一段中的内容不符。
14．C　当作者“恢复”正常后，作者的母亲把作者父亲当时的反应告诉了作者。
15．D　作者事后发觉自己当时的表现非常过分，而作者的父亲当时的反应则十分镇静，由此可推测作者为自己的粗鲁行为感到“羞愧”。B项表示“责任”，与上文内容不符。
16．B　上一段中提到作者的父亲在第二天穿着那件缝补好的背心去工作了，所以此处应该是作者“想象”父亲一整天穿着那件被撕破的背心进行工作的情景。文章中没有提到作者需要为此事做出解释，所以A项不恰当。
17．A　作者因一时愤怒撕破了背心，可是作者的父亲却若无其事地穿着缝补好的背心去工作了，由此可推测作者对父亲非常“尊敬”。D项表示“力气”，语意不恰当。
18．C　父亲的和蔼教给作者的生活教训让作者永生难“忘”。
19．D　上文提到作者因穿错了背心而发怒，此处与上文内容相呼应。上文叙述的是作者穿着父亲的背心感觉不舒服，而不是说作者追求自由，所以A项不恰当；B、C两项在文章中没有信息支持。
20．A　上一段中提到作者从父亲身上学到了终生难忘的教训，由此可推断从此之后，“每当”作者犹豫不决的时候，总是尽力想起父亲的背心带给自己的教训。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A couple had two little boys aged 8—10，who were very naughty.They always looked for trouble and their parents knew that 1.________ anything wrong happened in their town，their sons were probably involved.
The boys' mother heard that a clergyman in their town had been successful 2.________ disciplining children，so she asked if he 3.________(speak) with her boys.The clergyman agreed but asked to see them individually.So the mother sent her younger son first in the morning，with the older boy 4.________ (see) the clergyman in the afternoon.
The clergyman，a huge man with 5.________ deep voice，sat the younger boy down and asked him seriously，“Where is God？”
The boy 6.________ (make) no response，sitting there with his mouth wide open.So the clergyman repeated the question in an even 7.________(serious) tone, “Where is God？” Again the boy made no answer.So the clergyman raised his voice and shouted, “WHERE IS GOD？”
The boy ran away from the room，8.________(scream)out in terror，direct to home and hid 9.________ (he) in his closet.When his older brother found him，he asked, “What happened？” The younger brother breathlessly replied，“We are in big trouble this time.God is 10.________(miss) and they think we did it.”
【答案】1.if　2.in　2.would speak　4.to see　5.a　6.made
7．more serious　8.screaming　9.himself　10.missing
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
Mr.Li，I'm very sorry to have missed the first two class this morning.I got up early as usually in the morning，but while I was in the way to school I found my bicycle's front tyre flat.I wanted to take bus or taxi to school，and I didn't have any money with me.I had to look for a place along the street to get my bicycle repairing.Unluckily，there are not any bicycle repair shops was open in the early morning.So I had to walk to school，carrying my bicycle all the way.That's because I was late for school.Please don't worry about my lessons.I will make up for it and turn to teachers for help if necessary.
【答案】
Mr.Li，I'm very sorry to have missed the first two this morning.I got up early as in the morning，but while I was the way to school I found my bicycle's front tyre flat.I wanted to take bus or taxi to school， I didn't have any money with me.I had to look for a place along the street to get my bicycle .Unluckily，there not any bicycle repair shops 　open in the early morning.So I had to walk to school，carrying my bicycle all the way.That's I was late for school.Please don't worry about my lessons.I will make up for and turn to teachers for help if necessary.
Ⅱ.书面表达
思考下面的三个问题，根据你的理解，写一篇关于友谊的小短文。短文必须包含以下三个方面的内容，自己也可作适当补充，词数不少于100。
1．友谊是什么？
2．一个真正的朋友应具备的品质有哪些？
3．朋友之间出现矛盾了怎么办？
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【参考范文】
Friendship is a kind of human relations.When in trouble, we need friends to offer us help, support and encouragement.To achieve success, we also need friends to share our joys.Friendship is also one of the greatest pleasures that we can enjoy.
Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very careful in making friends.Real friends are those who have good character, superior ability and kindness of heart.Real friends can share all our sorrows and double all our joys.While making friends, we should take care to select those who have such fine qualities.
Then we should treat our friends sincerely, be careful not to interfere unreasonably with them.We should understand each other even if we disagree or argue.In short, when we have established friendship, we ought to treasure it by means of words and deeds.Only thus can we develop real friendship and keep the sacred lamp of friendship burning all our life.
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He was guilty ________murder, and was sentenced to death.
2．Many natural disasters took place across the country, only________(bring)severe losses on people's life and property.
3．The local environmental protection agency is very cautious about protecting Sanniang Bay's ecology, as white dolphins are extremely sensitive ________environmental changes.
4．There is no doubt ________he's an honest boy, so there is no doubt ________his honesty.
5．The sides of the Iran nuclear negotiation reached a key point, the result of ________would have a great influence on the world peace.
6．As many people do, you often pretend ________(do) work when actually you are just wasting time online.
7．As far as I'm concerned, he never breaks his word; you can rely on ________that he'll come to meet you on time.
8．You could end up________(run) this company if you play your cards right.
【答案】1.of　2.bringing　3.to　4.that; of
5．which　6.to be doing　7.it　8.running
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Believe it or not, your attitude for money is more important than how much you have.
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2．As a young man in a rapidly developed society, you should keep a pace with times.
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3．All material I gave you is basing on the readings and class discussion.
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4．Now many teachers focus more to giving kids access to the Information Highway.
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5．She had been lying to her mother，pretended that everything was fine to her.
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6．Once made out, the law must be carried out regardless to any difficulty.
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7．It's good manner to say hello to the old in the street.
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8．His casual attitude of his work annoyed his boss who decided to dismiss him.
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【答案】1.for→to/towards　2.去掉keep后的a　3.basing →based　4.第一个to →on　5.pretended →pretending　 6.to→of　7.manner→manners　8.of→to/towards