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2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮复习外研新课改省份专用讲义：选修8Module4WhichEnglish
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Module 4 Which English?
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．ancestor n． 祖先，前辈
2．bilingual adj. 双语的，会讲两种语言的
3．ambiguous adj. 歧义的；含糊的
4．telegraph n. 电报
5．betray v. 对……不忠
6．prejudice n. 偏见，歧视
7．rhythm n. 节奏；韵律
8．straightforward adj. 简单的，易懂的
9．unique adj. 独一无二的；独特的
10．concept n. 概念；观念
11．potential adj. 潜在的；可能的
12．classify v. 将……分类
13．status n. 地位
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．matter v． 重要，要紧；有关系
2．count v. 很重要；很有价值
3．relevant adj. 有关的；切题的
4．candidate n. 投考者，应考人
5．dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困难的抉择
6．superior adj. 更好的；更强的
7．debate n. 讨论；辩论
8．acquire v. 得到，获得
9．furthermore adv. 此外，而且
10．splendid adj. 极好的；优秀的
11．convey v. 传达，传递
12．withdraw v. 收回；撤销(说过的话)
13．reject v. 拒绝接受
14．overcome v. 征服；战胜
15．conflict n. 抵触；冲突
16．select v. 挑选，选择
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．instantly adv.立即，马上→instant adj.立即/刻的，马上的 n．立刻，片刻
2．recognisable adj.能辨认/认出的→recognise v．认出；承认→recognition n．认可；辨认
3．revolution n．革命→revolute v．革命→revolutionary adj.革命的→revolutionist n．革命者；革命家
4．investigate v．调查→investigation n．调查；研究
5．complain v．抱怨；不满→complaint n．抱怨；牢骚；投诉
6．convinced adj.确信/信服的→convincing adj.有说服力的；令人信服的→convince vt.使确信/信服
7．association n．联系→associate v．使发生联系→associated adj.有联系的
8．significance n．意义；含义；重要性→significant adj.有意义的；重要的
9．oppose v．反对→opposition n．反对→opposite adj.相反的；对面的
10．resist v．反/抵抗→resistance n．反/抵抗→resistant adj.抵抗的
11．approval n．赞许/成→approve v．赞同；同意；批准；认可
12．curiosity n．好奇心→curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地
13．initially adv.起初→initial adj.起初的
14.tendency n．趋/倾向→tend v．照料；趋向；有助于
15．fascination n．着迷，迷恋；吸引力→fascinate v．使着迷
[语境活用]
1．In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isn't any association between them.(associate)
2．Thanks to your approval,_if you didn't approve of my plan, I would be fired by the employer.(approve)
3．To get more evidence, the lawyer investigated many witnesses.After investigation,_he got some useful proof.(investigate)
4．Most students think it significant to join the English corner, though a few haven't realized the significance of it.(significance)
5．It's a convincing speech and I'm convinced that many people will benefit from it.(convince)
6．The boy is curiously watching what the old man is doing in the garden.He is always curious about the world outside and shows great curiosity about what is going on in nature.(curious)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.tell_...apart 区分开
2．as_long_as 只要
3．lie_in 在于
4．in_conclusion 总之
5．a_huge_number_of 大量的
6．get_down_to_sth. 开始做某事
7．let_sb.down 使某人失望
8．or_rather 更确切地说，倒不如说
9．complain_about 对……抱怨
10．be_relevant_to 与……有关
1.The girl wants to find a person who is worth depending on and won't let_her_down.
2．The final examination is coming up soon.We'd better get_down_to preparing for it.
3．The number of the people invited to the meeting is fifty, a_huge_number_of whom are artists.
4．As a matter of fact, happiness doesn't lie_in how much property you own.
5．Learning foreign languages calls for your memory, time, patience and emotions.In_conclusion,_it is not a simple thing.
6．I'm now writing to complain_about the service of your hotel.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.In this sense everybody's use of language — whether English, Chinese, or any other — is different.
从这种意义上来说，每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语还是任何其他语言——都是不同的。
whether ...or ...“不论……还是……”，用于连接并列成分。
她去也好留也好都没有什么关系。
It makes no difference whether_she_goes_or_she_stays.
2.Perhaps correctness doesn't matter — as long as speakers can understand each other — it's communication that counts.
也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。
强调句型。
正是我们在回家的时候我才意识到帮助别人是多么令人愉悦。
It_was_when_we_were_returning_home_that I realized how happy it was to help others.
3.English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand.
英语中有大量绚烂而华丽但可能很难懂的表达。
“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do ...”句式，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)首先，我建议你学习唐朝的历史，这可能会比较容易理解。
Firstly, I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty, which_may_be_much_easier_to_understand.
二、课堂重点深化
1．debate n．讨论；辩论v.辩论；争论
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Whether pollution is directly linked to the disease is under debate.
②They debated with each other about/on/over the environment protection and economic growth.
[系统归纳]
(1)under debate 正在讨论中
hold/have a debate about/over/on 举行一场关于……的辩论
(2)debate on/about/over ... 就……进行辩论
debate about sth.with sb. 和某人就某事辩论
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③对于中学生是否应该带手机去学校我们班展开了激烈的讨论。
Our_class_held_a_heated_debate_about/over/on whether middle school students should carry phone to school.
2．convinced adj.确信的，信服的
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①We are_convinced (convince) that the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games will be a great success.
②Peter convinced his mother to_let (let) him watch TV for an hour after school.
[系统归纳]
(1)be convinced of/that ... 相信/确信……
(2)convince vt. 使确信，使信服
convince sb.of/that ... 使某人相信……
convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
(3)convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③这张照片使我相信作一个好女儿比当一名好学生更重要。
The_picture_convinces_me it is even more important to be a good daughter than a good student.
3．oppose v．反对；与……对抗
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I have been consistently opposed to staying (stay) up late.
②Lily's mother remained strongly opposed (oppose) to the idea of Lily's going abroad for further study.
[系统归纳]
(1)oppose (sb./sb.'s ) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
(2)opposed adj. 相反的； 对立的；反对的
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对面的；对立的
n. 对立面
prep. 在……的对面
adv. 在对面
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③百分之四十的学生反对这种观点。
40 percent of the students are_opposed_to_the_view.
1．tell ...apart区分开
[系统归纳]
(1)tell A from B 把A和B区分开来
(2)take ...apart 把……拆开
set ...apart 把……分开
fall apart 破碎；土崩瓦解；破产
(3)apart from 除……之外
[重点强化]
单句语法填空
①One year, through a series of unhappy events, my dreams all fell apart.
②Apart from my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I'm interested in.
用法条条清(用tell ...from .../take ...apart填空)
③Let's take the radio apart and see what's wrong with it!
④Can you tell American English from British English?
佳句时时写
⑤许多新汽车看上去如此相似，以至于不大可能把它们区分开来。
Most new cars look so similar that it's impossible_to_tell_them_apart.
2．let sb.down使某人失望
[系统归纳]
let alone 更不用说；更谈不上
let off 让……下车；宽恕；使爆炸
let out 使出去；放出；泄露；发出(声音)
let go (of) 放手，松手，放开；使自由
let in 放进，让……进来；容许；许可
[重点强化]
用适当的介、副词填空
①When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate.
②I can tell you the truth, but you must promise not to let out the secret.
③The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day.
佳句时时写
④我向你表达感谢，并且我会信守承诺不让你失望。
I express my thanks to you and I'll keep_my_promise_and_not_let_you_down.
3．主语＋be＋adj.＋to do ...，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义
[教材原句] English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which_may_be_difficult_to_understand.
[自主体验]
①Today's homework was_easy_to_do,_so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.
今天的作业容易做，因此迈克很快就完成作业然后出去玩耍了。
②Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is_hard_to_get_along_with.
尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上她很难相处。
[归纳点拨]
用法
规则
“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：
(1)不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；
(2)常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。
注意
事项
此句式中，不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加上相应的介词。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2016·四川高考书面表达)Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favorite.The morning air is so good to breathe.
②(增分要点句)Even though the problem was difficult to solve, I didn't give up.Because I firmly believed that “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“语言学习”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——语言学习
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①fluent ②master ③course ④culture
⑤dictionary ⑥discuss ⑦excellent ⑧fault
⑨grammar ⑩sound ⑪sentence ⑫perfect
⑬recite ⑭knowledge ⑮language ⑯introduce
⑰habit ⑱likely ⑲diary ⑳understand
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①ability n． 能力；技能 ②accent n． 口音；腔调
③accomplish v. 完成；实现 ④acquire v. 获得；得到
⑤approach n．&v. 途径；方法 ⑥communicate v. 交流
⑦consult v. 咨询；请教 ⑧copy n. 抄本；副本
⑨correction n. 改正 ⑩gain v. 获得
⑪dictation n. 听写(的文字) ⑫grasp v. 抓住；紧握
⑬output v. 输出 ⑭idiom n. 习语；成语
⑮improve vt. 改进；更新 ⑯focus v. 集中；聚焦
⑰input v. 输入 ⑱overcome vt. 克服；解决
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①keep in mind 记住
②insist on 坚持
③make great progress 取得很大进步
④come across 碰到
⑤meet with 遇到
⑥refer to/consult a dictionary 查字典
⑦learn ...by heart 把……记下/背下
⑧set/take/write/note down 写下，记下
⑨pick up (不经意)学会
⑩acquire skills/knowledge 获得技能/知识
⑪have a grasp of＝have a command of 掌握
⑫follow (take) one's advice 听从……劝告
⑬communicate with 与……交流
⑭ask for help 求助
⑮focus one's attention on＝concentrate on集中(注意力、精力)于
⑯form the habit of 养成……习惯
⑰make full use of 充分利用
⑱enlarge/expand one's vocabulary 扩大词汇量
(四)写作佳句背一背
①My hard work pays off, and I am quite proud of what I have achieved/the progress I have made in English.
②In the competition for a wellpaid job, the one who can speak fluent English has an advantage over those who cannot.
③By learning English we can broaden our mental horizons and increase our knowledge in various fields.
④Learning English is one of the demands of modern society and will do good to our future career.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
话题应用文分步写作
假定你叫李华，在光明中学读书，在高中学习英语的过程中遇到一些问题，想得到老师的帮助，并想给班级的英语老师提一些建议，以帮助自己更好地学习英语。下面给出简单的提示，请你结合自己的实际情况给英语老师写一封求助信，内容包括：
1．学习英语时遇到的问题：生词多，记忆有难度；课文太长，难以背诵；
2．请老师介绍一些学习英语的好方法；
3．向英语老师提出的建议。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear teacher，
My name is Li Hua.
Yours，
Li Hua
第一步：句写对——给词写句
(用方框内的词汇翻译句子)
make great progress, ask for help, meet with, beg, full of, ask sb. for help, recite, introduce
1．我给你写信请求一些帮助。
I'm_writing_to_you_to_ask_for_some_help.
2．我在学习英语方面遇到了许多困难。
I_have_met_with_many_difficulties_in_learning_English.
3．我发现我们的课文满是生词。
I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words.
4．课文太长，我难以背诵。
The_texts_are_too_long_for_me_to_recite.
5．我不得不向你寻求帮助。
I_have_to_ask_you_for_some_help.
6．你能给我们介绍一些学习新单词的好方法吗？
Would_you_like_to_introduce_to_us_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words?
7．我请求你讲课文更慢一点。
I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly.
8．我确信我能在英语学习上取得很大的进步。
I'm sure that I can make great progress in my English study.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
9．在第3句增加并列分句“对我来说记住它们很难”。
I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words_and_they_are_very_difficult_for_me_to_remember.
10．在第5句增加because引导的原因状语从句“因为有如此多的困难”。
Because_I_have_so_many_difficulties,_I_have_to_ask_you_for_some_help.
11．在第6句增加so that引导的目的状语从句“以便于我们更容易记住它们”。
Would_you_like_to_introduce_to_us_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words_so_that_we_can_remember_them_more_easily?
12．在第7句增加并列句“这样大多数学生就能更容易地跟上你”。
I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly_and_in_this_way_most_of_the_students_can_follow_you_more_easily.
13．在第8句增加状语“在你的帮助下”。
I'm_sure_that_I_can_make_great_progress_in_my_English_study_with_your_help.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．用定语从句升级第9句。
I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words_that_are_very_difficult_for_me_to_remember.
2．用“faced with”作状语改写第10句。
Faced_with_so_many_difficulties,_I_have_to_ask_you_for_some_help.
3．用“so that”引导的目的状语从句改写第12句。
I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly_so_that_most_of_the_students_can_follow_you_more_easily.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
根据语句间的逻辑关系，可添加过渡性词汇firstly， besides， in the meanwhile连句成文。
Dear teacher，
My name is Li Hua. I'm writing to you to ask for some help.I have met with many difficulties in learning English. Firstly, I find our texts full of new words that are very difficult for me to remember.Besides, the texts are too long for me to recite.
Faced with so many difficulties, I have to ask you for some help.Would you like to introduce to us some good ways to learn new words so that we can remember them more easily? In the meanwhile, I beg you to teach the text more slowly so that most of the students can follow you more easily. I'm sure that I can make great progress in my English study with your help.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Taking a picture of your tongue with a mobile phone could instantly (立即) tell you how healthy you are.
2．Life is like a tale, what matters (重要) is not how long it is, but how good it is.
3．Then, some students will have a debate (讨论) on how to learn English well.
4．Don't complain (抱怨) about our life.We should be thankful for what we have.
5．It's my sincere hope that you can investigate (调查) the matter seriously and make a formal apology to me.
6．I think it is of great significance (意义) to do voluntary work.
7．I hope you will make efforts to overcome (克服) all kinds of difficulties, no matter how hard they are.
8．It is a good idea to classify (将……分类) our rubbish and recycle it in our daily life.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．A huge number of English learners ❶initially (initial) fail to master the English phonetics so that they can't tell varieties of English ❷apart.Those who complain ❸about the difficulties in learning English should clarify the ❹significance (significant) of English sounds and get down to ❺learning (learn) how to pronounce them well.
2．As Chinese, it's not which English you speak ❶but whether you pronounce it well ❷that matters.So, you must be ❸convinced (convince) that you won't let us ❹down as long as you take some unique methods to practise pronouncing.
3．Maybe it's a little difficult ❶to_select (select) a language as your foreign language.❷Or rather, you have a prejudice ❸for a certain foreign language.Actually, you may find ❹it absurd to hold the belief that learning English is useless.In ❺conclusion (conclude), you can start with conquering English.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．在英国，我们有这样的一个说法：思想才重要。(强调句型)
In England, we have a saying：It's_the_thought_that_counts.
2．不管开心还是难过，她总是试着保持微笑。(whether ...or ...)
Whether_happy_or_sad,_she always tries to keep smiling.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)人们在这些地方定居下来，因为这些地方容易到达，而且天生适合沟通和贸易。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do ...)
People settle in these places because they_are_easy_to_get_to and naturally suited to communications and trade.
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
With the worldwide use of English, some people think that things would be much ❶easier (easy) if everyone in the world just spoke English while others don't think so.
Those who are for “only speaking English” believe that it is not only ❷more_convenient (convenient) for people all over the world to ❸communicate_with (与……交流) each other, but also it's easier for people to understand scientific research ❹achievements (achieve)．What's more, people can save time and energy to learn other things.
But others don't think so.In their opinion, only ❺speaking (speak) English is harmful to the ❻development (develop) of all the other cultures.Besides, one language can't ❼exactly (exact) express the natures and connotations of various cultures.
In my view, ❽using (use) only one language would make our life more difficult instead of making it easier.
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
commerce， field， spread， communication， demand， population， serve， developing， as well as， used for
The main reason for the widespread ❶demand for English is its presentday importance as a world language.Besides ❷serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other ❸fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers.It is widely ❹used_for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the ❺spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations.It is a language of wider ❻communication for a number of ❼developing countries, especially former British colonies.Many of these countries have multilingual ❽populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, ❾commerce,_industry, law and education ❿as_well_as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·江苏高考)With a new farm bill to_be_debated (debate) in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution (revolute), the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Many farmers opposed (oppose) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
4．(2016·浙江高考)The relationships you develop now will probably be_linked (link) to the ones you value later.
5．(2015·四川高考)Out of breath, I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air that instantly (instant) cooled me off.
6．(2015·天津高考)It's the journey, not the arrival, that counts (count)．
7．(2015·浙江高考)Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying (convey) information, especially numbers, percentages, and other data.
8．(2014·湖南高考)Second, in real life it isn't always what you say but how you say it that matters (matter)．
9．(2014·江苏高考)People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their selfrespect comes from the approval (approve) of others.
10．(2009·北京高考)Music provides a kind of perception (感知) that cannot be_acquired (acquire) any other way.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用convinced, significance, so long as填空)
1．(2016·浙江高考完形填空)I was just astonished at the question in my own mind.I was dumbfounded (惊呆) at the __54__ of it.Yes, you can fool everyone else, but you cannot “fool the chickens”， because in the end, you will find out, as the saying goes, “What goes around comes around.” significance
2．(2015·四川高考完形填空)The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here, one of several dozen such pictures.__28__ she had a slice to eat, she never bothered the one on her head.So_long_as
3．(2012·浙江高考完形填空)Oscar __28__ the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales.Just as he thought, a name matched the seat where Oscar had found the umbrella.The name was Mrs.Katie O'Brien.convinced
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：在当今飞速发展的社会环境下，语言学习变得极其重要。随着我国对外开放的不断扩大化，科学技术的不断进步，国际地位的不断提高，迫切需要造就一大批精通外语的专门人才，使我国在国际事务中发挥更大更积极的作用。因此，学好英语对实现上述目标具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。高考以此为命题角度，旨在让考生了解语言背后的文化差异，激发考生学习语言的热情。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
After studying Mandarin (普通话) at a university in London, I decided to further develop my language skills in Beijing.My choice of __1__ was Hutong School Beijing.
Hutong School Beijing not only __2__ language classes but also helps with accommodation, visas, and anything you could possibly need help with.They also organize __3__ events, which is nice when you're living somewhere you don't actually __4__ anyone.
After a 10hour voyage, I arrived early in the morning.I __5__ up my suitcase, made my way to the exit and met the Hutong School Beijing representative.He took me straight to my __6__， which was located in Dongzhimen, a really nice and central location, only 2 stops to Tian'anmen Square.However, the apartment was not quite as “nice” as __7__ on the website.And I just had two __8__： a German guy who would be there for four months learning __9__， and a Spanish guy who works for Hutong School Beijing.
After __10__ in, the representative took me to register with the local police, which you are requested to do as a “resident”．Then, he took me to Hutong School Beijing to __11__ a level assessment, arrange my __12__ and take me to meet my teachers.
The school is, well, __13__ of what one would expect or is implied by the name not actually located in the hutongs, but located on the 15th floor of a skyscraper.Obviously it was less charming but it did __14__ for great views.
There, I had a 2hour private class every day and my teachers were just lovely.Being in China and constantly being completely __15__ in Chinese improved my Mandarin so much.Now I can communicate with native Chinese speakers fluently.
语篇解读：本文介绍了作者在伦敦学习普通话之后，初次来到北京的胡同学校学习汉语的经历和感想。
1．A.agency B．office
C．institute D．class
解析：选C 根据上文中的内容可知，作者在伦敦的大学学习普通话之后决定到北京进一步学习，因此可以推断出作者要选择一个教育机构(institute)。空后的“Hutong School Beijing”也提示了作者选择了一个教育机构。故选C项。
2．A.serves B．designs
C．operates D．offers
解析：选D 胡同学校不仅提供(offers)语言课程，而且帮助寻找住处、办理签证，以及帮助任何你可能需要帮助的(地方)。由上文可知，胡同学校是作者学习语言的学校，故应提供语言课程。
3．A.cultural B．academic
C．social D．financial
解析：选C 他们也组织联谊活动，当你生活在一个你确实不认识任何人的地方时，这是好的。cultural“文化的”；academic“学术的”；social“社交的；联谊的”；financial“财政的”。故选C项。
4．A.meet B．know
C．like D．recognize
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
5．A.put B．caught
C．lifted D．picked
解析：选D 作者拿起了手提箱，走向出口，见到了胡同学校的代表。pick up意为“拿起，捡起”。
6．A.company B．school
C．apartment D．station
解析：选C 根据下文中的“However, the apartment was not quite as ‘nice’ as __7__ on the website.”可知，此处说的是“公寓(apartment)”，故选C项。
7．A.presented B．explored
C．sought D．painted
解析：选A 然而，这个公寓并不像网上展示的那样好。present“展示”；explore“探索”；seek“寻找，探寻”；paint“绘画”，故选A项。
8．A.teachers B．roommates
C．customers D．classmates
解析：选B 根据上文中提及的“apartment”及空后的“a German guy who would be there for four months learning __9__， and a Spanish guy who works for Hutong School Beijing”可知，作者在公寓里有两个室友(roommates)。
9．A.Chinese B．German
C．English D．Spanish
解析：选A 由前文可知，作者是来学习汉语的，可推知室友也是来学习汉语(Chinese)的。故选A项。
10．A.bringing B．joining
C．settling D．taking
解析：选C 安顿下来后，这位代表带作者到当地警察局登记，这是作为住户应该做的。settle in意为“安顿下来”。故选C项。
11．A.study B．pay
C．adapt D．get
解析：选D 然后，他带作者去胡同学校接受水平评估，安排作者的日程表并且带作者去见老师。作者刚到学校，因此应该接受水平评估。study“学习”；pay“支付”；adapt“适应”；get“受到，得到”。故D项符合语境。
12．A.party B．schedule
C．tour D．report
解析：选B 参见上题解析。party“聚会”；schedule“工作计划，日程安排”；tour“巡回演出，旅行”；report“报告”。故选B项。
13．A.on the whole B．by the way
C．as a result D．on the contrary
解析：选D 这所学校和所期待的或者它的名字蕴含的意思正好相反，它不在胡同里，而是位于摩天大楼的第十五层。on the whole“大体上，总的来看”；by the way“顺便说一下”；as a result“结果”；on the contrary“正相反”。故选D项。
14．A.take B．look
C．make D．long
解析：选C 显然，它不那么迷人，但它确实有利于(make for)观景。故选C项。
15．A.lost B．involved
C．stuck D．interested
解析：选B 身处中国并且完全融入汉语(环境)大大地提高了作者的汉语水平。be lost in“全神贯注于，沉湎于”；be involved in“参与，置身于”；be stuck in“被困在……中”；be interested in“对……感兴趣”。故选B项。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
完形填空技法(10)——巧用首句关键信息，初探文章核心要素
完形填空一般无标题，文章首句一般不设空，是完整的一句话，全文信息由此展开。抓住了首句信息，就抓住了故事的背景、文章的核心和关键等。
①利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。
②利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题。
通过上文首句 “After studying Mandarin (普通话) at a university in London, I decided to further develop my language skills in Beijing”， 我们可以大体判断出该篇文章叙述作者在伦敦学习普通话后，来北京进一步学习汉语。由此可得出第9题的答案。
A
(2019·陕西铜川模拟)English Language Day is celebrated each year on April 23 — the date when William Shakespeare was born. Shakespeare has been called the greatest writer in the English language. His plays continue to be published, performed in theaters and seen in films almost 400 years after his death.
English is considered as the “world language”. Used by only 3 tribes about 1,500 years ago, English now has official or special status in at least 75 countries with a total population of over two billion. English is the main language of business and aviation (航空). It is the most widely used language on the Internet and social media.
The first English Language Day was the result of work by the United Nations. A few years ago, the UN's Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization created Language Days for each of the UN's six official languages. The aim was to celebrate the use of different languages around the world and different cultures. Another goal was to campaign for equal use of all six official languages throughout the United Nations. The other five languages are Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish.
The United Nations celebrated its first English Language Day on April 23, 2010. On that day, a number of events were held at the UN's headquarters in New York City. This year, the TOEFL program has announced plans for a “live” question and answer chat on the social media website Facebook. TOEFL is also known as the Test of English as a Foreign Language. The group says the program is for students interested in learning more about its test and the English language.
语篇解读：文章介绍了英语语言日的起源以及目的等内容。
1．English Language Day has something to do with ________.
A．a great writer of 400 years ago
B．the development of aviation
C．the Internet and social media
D．some plays performed in theaters
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，English Language Day选在每年的4月23日庆祝是因为这一天是William Shakespeare 出生的日子，而William Shakespeare 又是一位400年前的伟大作家，故选A。
2．What do you know about English?
A．It is the most widely used language in the world.
B．It is the language spoken by most people.
C．It is the top official language of the United Nations.
D．It is the oldest language in the world.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段的“English is considered as the ‘world language’．”可知，英语被认为是世界语言。再根据“English now has official or special status in at least 75 countries with a total population of over two billion.”可知，英语在至少75个国家，20多亿人口中拥有官方的或特殊的地位。由此推知，英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言。
3．Which of the following languages is NOT one of the UN's six official languages?
A．Chinese. B．Russian.
C．German. D．French.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The other five languages are Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish.”可知，联合国的六种官方语言除了英语之外，还有阿拉伯语、汉语、法语、俄语和西班牙语。由此可知，德语不属于联合国的六种官方语言之一。
4．It can be known from the passage that ________.
A．the TOEFL program is no longer popular in China
B．the first English Language Day came into being in 2010
C．English Language Day is the only language day in the world
D．The United Nations will create more Language Days in the future
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The United Nations celebrated its first English Language Day on April 23, 2010.”可知，联合国是在2010年庆祝第一个英语语言日的。由此可知，第一个英语语言日是2010年诞生的。
B
(2019·甘肃兰州高考模拟)Bored with your life? Dreaming of something different? I always wonder what life would be like 400km above my head. That's where the International Space Station orbits the earth, with six astronauts living and working on board, for months at a time.
How do they sleep? They spend the night floating in a sleeping bag inside a small cubicle (小隔间) on the ceiling.American astronaut Sunita Williams explains，“It's like a little phone booth, but it's pretty comfortable and it doesn't matter if I turn over and sleep upside down. I don't have any sensation (感觉) in my head that tells me I'm upside down.”
Brushing your teeth in a place where you can't have a tap or a sink can be a challenge. Can you imagine the mess that running water would make in zero gravity? Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield uses a straw to put a big blob (一滴) of water from a sealed bag onto an ordinary toothbrush and adds a little toothpaste which he has to swallow when he's done.
Daily exercise is essential.The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength — so astronauts are encouraged to work out for at least two hours a day.
The role of astronauts in the International Space Station is to act as lab technicians for scientists back on earth. So they spend their time maintaining their environment and performing and monitoring experiments in a confined space about the size of a Boeing 747. Almost every task is carefully planned by mission control — although most astronauts spend their first days losing things until they get used to sticking everything they use to the walls with Velcro, duct tape (强力胶带) or clips (夹子)．
One of their most valued perks (额外待遇) is the view from “the office”， dominated by that gigantic blue ball down there, sitting in the darkness of space. Wow! Absolutely breathtaking!
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了太空中宇航员的生活和工作情况。
5．When they sleep upside down, the astronauts will not get dizzy because ________.
A．they don't feel it
B．they sleep in the daytime
C．they sleep in special sleeping bags
D．they are trained to adapt to the conditions of weightlessness
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，宇航员倒着睡不会晕是因为大脑并没有感知到这种颠倒的行为，故选A。
6．Why may astronauts lose things?
A．Because they always forget where they put their things.
B．Because in zero gravity, everything that is not stuck down floats.
C．Because they are so busy that they don't have enough time to put their things away.
D．Because in a space station, there aren't enough places for astronauts to store their things.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二、三、五段内容可知，在失重状态下没有被固定的东西会飘浮起来以至于会丢失，故选B。
7．What parts become weak if astronauts don't exercise?
A．Their teeth and bones.
B．Their brains and bones.
C．Their teeth and muscles.
D．Their bones and muscles.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的“The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength”可知，宇航员不锻炼的话，他们的肌肉和骨头会变得虚弱。
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Problems We Met in Space
B．How to Become an Astronaut
C．Living and Working in Space
D．The International Space Station
解析：选C 标题归纳题。根据第一段和全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是太空中宇航员的生活和工作情况，故选C。
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．ancestor n． 祖先，前辈
2．bilingual adj. 双语的，会讲两种语言的
3．ambiguous adj. 歧义的；含糊的
4．telegraph n. 电报
5．betray v. 对……不忠
6．prejudice n. 偏见，歧视
7．rhythm n. 节奏；韵律
8．straightforward adj. 简单的，易懂的
9．unique adj. 独一无二的；独特的
10．concept n. 概念；观念
11．potential adj. 潜在的；可能的
12．classify v. 将……分类
13．status n. 地位
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．matter v． 重要，要紧；有关系
2．count v. 很重要；很有价值
3．relevant adj. 有关的；切题的
4．candidate n. 投考者，应考人
5．dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困难的抉择
6．superior adj. 更好的；更强的
7．debate n. 讨论；辩论
8．acquire v. 得到，获得
9．furthermore adv. 此外，而且
10．splendid adj. 极好的；优秀的
11．convey v. 传达，传递
12．withdraw v. 收回；撤销(说过的话)
13．reject v. 拒绝接受
14．overcome v. 征服；战胜
15．conflict n. 抵触；冲突
16．select v. 挑选，选择
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．instantly adv.立即，马上→instant adj.立即/刻的，马上的 n．立刻，片刻
2．recognisable adj.能辨认/认出的→recognise v．认出；承认→recognition n．认可；辨认
3．revolution n．革命→revolute v．革命→revolutionary adj.革命的→revolutionist n．革命者；革命家
4．investigate v．调查→investigation n．调查；研究
5．complain v．抱怨；不满→complaint n．抱怨；牢骚；投诉
6．convinced adj.确信/信服的→convincing adj.有说服力的；令人信服的→convince vt.使确信/信服
7．association n．联系→associate v．使发生联系→associated adj.有联系的
8．significance n．意义；含义；重要性→significant adj.有意义的；重要的
9．oppose v．反对→opposition n．反对→opposite adj.相反的；对面的
10．resist v．反/抵抗→resistance n．反/抵抗→resistant adj.抵抗的
11．approval n．赞许/成→approve v．赞同；同意；批准；认可
12．curiosity n．好奇心→curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地
13．initially adv.起初→initial adj.起初的
14.tendency n．趋/倾向→tend v．照料；趋向；有助于
15．fascination n．着迷，迷恋；吸引力→fascinate v．使着迷
[语境活用]
1．In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isn't any association between them.(associate)
2．Thanks to your approval,_if you didn't approve of my plan, I would be fired by the employer.(approve)
3．To get more evidence, the lawyer investigated many witnesses.After investigation,_he got some useful proof.(investigate)
4．Most students think it significant to join the English corner, though a few haven't realized the significance of it.(significance)
5．It's a convincing speech and I'm convinced that many people will benefit from it.(convince)
6．The boy is curiously watching what the old man is doing in the garden.He is always curious about the world outside and shows great curiosity about what is going on in nature.(curious)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.tell_...apart 区分开
2．as_long_as 只要
3．lie_in 在于
4．in_conclusion 总之
5．a_huge_number_of 大量的
6．get_down_to_sth. 开始做某事
7．let_sb.down 使某人失望
8．or_rather 更确切地说，倒不如说
9．complain_about 对……抱怨
10．be_relevant_to 与……有关
1.The girl wants to find a person who is worth depending on and won't let_her_down.
2．The final examination is coming up soon.We'd better get_down_to preparing for it.
3．The number of the people invited to the meeting is fifty, a_huge_number_of whom are artists.
4．As a matter of fact, happiness doesn't lie_in how much property you own.
5．Learning foreign languages calls for your memory, time, patience and emotions.In_conclusion,_it is not a simple thing.
6．I'm now writing to complain_about the service of your hotel.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.In this sense everybody's use of language — whether English, Chinese, or any other — is different.
从这种意义上来说，每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语还是任何其他语言——都是不同的。
whether ...or ...“不论……还是……”，用于连接并列成分。
她去也好留也好都没有什么关系。
It makes no difference whether_she_goes_or_she_stays.
2.Perhaps correctness doesn't matter — as long as speakers can understand each other — it's communication that counts.
也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。
强调句型。
正是我们在回家的时候我才意识到帮助别人是多么令人愉悦。
It_was_when_we_were_returning_home_that I realized how happy it was to help others.
3.English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand.
英语中有大量绚烂而华丽但可能很难懂的表达。
“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do ...”句式，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)首先，我建议你学习唐朝的历史，这可能会比较容易理解。
Firstly, I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty, which_may_be_much_easier_to_understand.
二、课堂重点深化
1．debate n．讨论；辩论v.辩论；争论
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Whether pollution is directly linked to the disease is under debate.
②They debated with each other about/on/over the environment protection and economic growth.
[系统归纳]
(1)under debate 正在讨论中
hold/have a debate about/over/on 举行一场关于……的辩论
(2)debate on/about/over ... 就……进行辩论
debate about sth.with sb. 和某人就某事辩论
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③对于中学生是否应该带手机去学校我们班展开了激烈的讨论。
Our_class_held_a_heated_debate_about/over/on whether middle school students should carry phone to school.
2．convinced adj.确信的，信服的
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①We are_convinced (convince) that the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games will be a great success.
②Peter convinced his mother to_let (let) him watch TV for an hour after school.
[系统归纳]
(1)be convinced of/that ... 相信/确信……
(2)convince vt. 使确信，使信服
convince sb.of/that ... 使某人相信……
convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
(3)convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③这张照片使我相信作一个好女儿比当一名好学生更重要。
The_picture_convinces_me it is even more important to be a good daughter than a good student.
3．oppose v．反对；与……对抗
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I have been consistently opposed to staying (stay) up late.
②Lily's mother remained strongly opposed (oppose) to the idea of Lily's going abroad for further study.
[系统归纳]
(1)oppose (sb./sb.'s ) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
(2)opposed adj. 相反的； 对立的；反对的
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对面的；对立的
n. 对立面
prep. 在……的对面
adv. 在对面
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③百分之四十的学生反对这种观点。
40 percent of the students are_opposed_to_the_view.
1．tell ...apart区分开
[系统归纳]
(1)tell A from B 把A和B区分开来
(2)take ...apart 把……拆开
set ...apart 把……分开
fall apart 破碎；土崩瓦解；破产
(3)apart from 除……之外
[重点强化]
单句语法填空
①One year, through a series of unhappy events, my dreams all fell apart.
②Apart from my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I'm interested in.
用法条条清(用tell ...from .../take ...apart填空)
③Let's take the radio apart and see what's wrong with it!
④Can you tell American English from British English?
佳句时时写
⑤许多新汽车看上去如此相似，以至于不大可能把它们区分开来。
Most new cars look so similar that it's impossible_to_tell_them_apart.
2．let sb.down使某人失望
[系统归纳]
let alone 更不用说；更谈不上
let off 让……下车；宽恕；使爆炸
let out 使出去；放出；泄露；发出(声音)
let go (of) 放手，松手，放开；使自由
let in 放进，让……进来；容许；许可
[重点强化]
用适当的介、副词填空
①When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate.
②I can tell you the truth, but you must promise not to let out the secret.
③The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day.
佳句时时写
④我向你表达感谢，并且我会信守承诺不让你失望。
I express my thanks to you and I'll keep_my_promise_and_not_let_you_down.
3．主语＋be＋adj.＋to do ...，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义
[教材原句] English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which_may_be_difficult_to_understand.
[自主体验]
①Today's homework was_easy_to_do,_so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.
今天的作业容易做，因此迈克很快就完成作业然后出去玩耍了。
②Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is_hard_to_get_along_with.
尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上她很难相处。
[归纳点拨]
用法
规则
“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：
(1)不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；
(2)常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。
注意
事项
此句式中，不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加上相应的介词。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2016·四川高考书面表达)Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favorite.The morning air is so good to breathe.
②(增分要点句)Even though the problem was difficult to solve, I didn't give up.Because I firmly believed that “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“语言学习”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——语言学习
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①fluent ②master ③course ④culture
⑤dictionary ⑥discuss ⑦excellent ⑧fault
⑨grammar ⑩sound ⑪sentence ⑫perfect
⑬recite ⑭knowledge ⑮language ⑯introduce
⑰habit ⑱likely ⑲diary ⑳understand
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①ability n． 能力；技能 ②accent n． 口音；腔调
③accomplish v. 完成；实现 ④acquire v. 获得；得到
⑤approach n．&v. 途径；方法 ⑥communicate v. 交流
⑦consult v. 咨询；请教 ⑧copy n. 抄本；副本
⑨correction n. 改正 ⑩gain v. 获得
⑪dictation n. 听写(的文字) ⑫grasp v. 抓住；紧握
⑬output v. 输出 ⑭idiom n. 习语；成语
⑮improve vt. 改进；更新 ⑯focus v. 集中；聚焦
⑰input v. 输入 ⑱overcome vt. 克服；解决
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①keep in mind 记住
②insist on 坚持
③make great progress 取得很大进步
④come across 碰到
⑤meet with 遇到
⑥refer to/consult a dictionary 查字典
⑦learn ...by heart 把……记下/背下
⑧set/take/write/note down 写下，记下
⑨pick up (不经意)学会
⑩acquire skills/knowledge 获得技能/知识
⑪have a grasp of＝have a command of 掌握
⑫follow (take) one's advice 听从……劝告
⑬communicate with 与……交流
⑭ask for help 求助
⑮focus one's attention on＝concentrate on集中(注意力、精力)于
⑯form the habit of 养成……习惯
⑰make full use of 充分利用
⑱enlarge/expand one's vocabulary 扩大词汇量
(四)写作佳句背一背
①My hard work pays off, and I am quite proud of what I have achieved/the progress I have made in English.
②In the competition for a wellpaid job, the one who can speak fluent English has an advantage over those who cannot.
③By learning English we can broaden our mental horizons and increase our knowledge in various fields.
④Learning English is one of the demands of modern society and will do good to our future career.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
话题应用文分步写作
假定你叫李华，在光明中学读书，在高中学习英语的过程中遇到一些问题，想得到老师的帮助，并想给班级的英语老师提一些建议，以帮助自己更好地学习英语。下面给出简单的提示，请你结合自己的实际情况给英语老师写一封求助信，内容包括：
1．学习英语时遇到的问题：生词多，记忆有难度；课文太长，难以背诵；
2．请老师介绍一些学习英语的好方法；
3．向英语老师提出的建议。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear teacher，
My name is Li Hua.
Yours，
Li Hua
第一步：句写对——给词写句
(用方框内的词汇翻译句子)
make great progress, ask for help, meet with, beg, full of, ask sb. for help, recite, introduce
1．我给你写信请求一些帮助。
I'm_writing_to_you_to_ask_for_some_help.
2．我在学习英语方面遇到了许多困难。
I_have_met_with_many_difficulties_in_learning_English.
3．我发现我们的课文满是生词。
I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words.
4．课文太长，我难以背诵。
The_texts_are_too_long_for_me_to_recite.
5．我不得不向你寻求帮助。
I_have_to_ask_you_for_some_help.
6．你能给我们介绍一些学习新单词的好方法吗？
Would_you_like_to_introduce_to_us_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words?
7．我请求你讲课文更慢一点。
I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly.
8．我确信我能在英语学习上取得很大的进步。
I'm sure that I can make great progress in my English study.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
9．在第3句增加并列分句“对我来说记住它们很难”。
I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words_and_they_are_very_difficult_for_me_to_remember.
10．在第5句增加because引导的原因状语从句“因为有如此多的困难”。
Because_I_have_so_many_difficulties,_I_have_to_ask_you_for_some_help.
11．在第6句增加so that引导的目的状语从句“以便于我们更容易记住它们”。
Would_you_like_to_introduce_to_us_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words_so_that_we_can_remember_them_more_easily?
12．在第7句增加并列句“这样大多数学生就能更容易地跟上你”。
I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly_and_in_this_way_most_of_the_students_can_follow_you_more_easily.
13．在第8句增加状语“在你的帮助下”。
I'm_sure_that_I_can_make_great_progress_in_my_English_study_with_your_help.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．用定语从句升级第9句。
I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words_that_are_very_difficult_for_me_to_remember.
2．用“faced with”作状语改写第10句。
Faced_with_so_many_difficulties,_I_have_to_ask_you_for_some_help.
3．用“so that”引导的目的状语从句改写第12句。
I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly_so_that_most_of_the_students_can_follow_you_more_easily.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
根据语句间的逻辑关系，可添加过渡性词汇firstly， besides， in the meanwhile连句成文。
Dear teacher，
My name is Li Hua. I'm writing to you to ask for some help.I have met with many difficulties in learning English. Firstly, I find our texts full of new words that are very difficult for me to remember.Besides, the texts are too long for me to recite.
Faced with so many difficulties, I have to ask you for some help.Would you like to introduce to us some good ways to learn new words so that we can remember them more easily? In the meanwhile, I beg you to teach the text more slowly so that most of the students can follow you more easily. I'm sure that I can make great progress in my English study with your help.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Taking a picture of your tongue with a mobile phone could instantly (立即) tell you how healthy you are.
2．Life is like a tale, what matters (重要) is not how long it is, but how good it is.
3．Then, some students will have a debate (讨论) on how to learn English well.
4．Don't complain (抱怨) about our life.We should be thankful for what we have.
5．It's my sincere hope that you can investigate (调查) the matter seriously and make a formal apology to me.
6．I think it is of great significance (意义) to do voluntary work.
7．I hope you will make efforts to overcome (克服) all kinds of difficulties, no matter how hard they are.
8．It is a good idea to classify (将……分类) our rubbish and recycle it in our daily life.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．A huge number of English learners ❶initially (initial) fail to master the English phonetics so that they can't tell varieties of English ❷apart.Those who complain ❸about the difficulties in learning English should clarify the ❹significance (significant) of English sounds and get down to ❺learning (learn) how to pronounce them well.
2．As Chinese, it's not which English you speak ❶but whether you pronounce it well ❷that matters.So, you must be ❸convinced (convince) that you won't let us ❹down as long as you take some unique methods to practise pronouncing.
3．Maybe it's a little difficult ❶to_select (select) a language as your foreign language.❷Or rather, you have a prejudice ❸for a certain foreign language.Actually, you may find ❹it absurd to hold the belief that learning English is useless.In ❺conclusion (conclude), you can start with conquering English.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．在英国，我们有这样的一个说法：思想才重要。(强调句型)
In England, we have a saying：It's_the_thought_that_counts.
2．不管开心还是难过，她总是试着保持微笑。(whether ...or ...)
Whether_happy_or_sad,_she always tries to keep smiling.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)人们在这些地方定居下来，因为这些地方容易到达，而且天生适合沟通和贸易。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do ...)
People settle in these places because they_are_easy_to_get_to and naturally suited to communications and trade.
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
With the worldwide use of English, some people think that things would be much ❶easier (easy) if everyone in the world just spoke English while others don't think so.
Those who are for “only speaking English” believe that it is not only ❷more_convenient (convenient) for people all over the world to ❸communicate_with (与……交流) each other, but also it's easier for people to understand scientific research ❹achievements (achieve)．What's more, people can save time and energy to learn other things.
But others don't think so.In their opinion, only ❺speaking (speak) English is harmful to the ❻development (develop) of all the other cultures.Besides, one language can't ❼exactly (exact) express the natures and connotations of various cultures.
In my view, ❽using (use) only one language would make our life more difficult instead of making it easier.
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
commerce， field， spread， communication， demand， population， serve， developing， as well as， used for
The main reason for the widespread ❶demand for English is its presentday importance as a world language.Besides ❷serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other ❸fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers.It is widely ❹used_for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the ❺spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations.It is a language of wider ❻communication for a number of ❼developing countries, especially former British colonies.Many of these countries have multilingual ❽populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, ❾commerce,_industry, law and education ❿as_well_as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·江苏高考)With a new farm bill to_be_debated (debate) in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution (revolute), the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Many farmers opposed (oppose) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
4．(2016·浙江高考)The relationships you develop now will probably be_linked (link) to the ones you value later.
5．(2015·四川高考)Out of breath, I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air that instantly (instant) cooled me off.
6．(2015·天津高考)It's the journey, not the arrival, that counts (count)．
7．(2015·浙江高考)Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying (convey) information, especially numbers, percentages, and other data.
8．(2014·湖南高考)Second, in real life it isn't always what you say but how you say it that matters (matter)．
9．(2014·江苏高考)People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their selfrespect comes from the approval (approve) of others.
10．(2009·北京高考)Music provides a kind of perception (感知) that cannot be_acquired (acquire) any other way.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用convinced, significance, so long as填空)
1．(2016·浙江高考完形填空)I was just astonished at the question in my own mind.I was dumbfounded (惊呆) at the __54__ of it.Yes, you can fool everyone else, but you cannot “fool the chickens”， because in the end, you will find out, as the saying goes, “What goes around comes around.” significance
2．(2015·四川高考完形填空)The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here, one of several dozen such pictures.__28__ she had a slice to eat, she never bothered the one on her head.So_long_as
3．(2012·浙江高考完形填空)Oscar __28__ the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales.Just as he thought, a name matched the seat where Oscar had found the umbrella.The name was Mrs.Katie O'Brien.convinced
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：在当今飞速发展的社会环境下，语言学习变得极其重要。随着我国对外开放的不断扩大化，科学技术的不断进步，国际地位的不断提高，迫切需要造就一大批精通外语的专门人才，使我国在国际事务中发挥更大更积极的作用。因此，学好英语对实现上述目标具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。高考以此为命题角度，旨在让考生了解语言背后的文化差异，激发考生学习语言的热情。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
After studying Mandarin (普通话) at a university in London, I decided to further develop my language skills in Beijing.My choice of __1__ was Hutong School Beijing.
Hutong School Beijing not only __2__ language classes but also helps with accommodation, visas, and anything you could possibly need help with.They also organize __3__ events, which is nice when you're living somewhere you don't actually __4__ anyone.
After a 10hour voyage, I arrived early in the morning.I __5__ up my suitcase, made my way to the exit and met the Hutong School Beijing representative.He took me straight to my __6__， which was located in Dongzhimen, a really nice and central location, only 2 stops to Tian'anmen Square.However, the apartment was not quite as “nice” as __7__ on the website.And I just had two __8__： a German guy who would be there for four months learning __9__， and a Spanish guy who works for Hutong School Beijing.
After __10__ in, the representative took me to register with the local police, which you are requested to do as a “resident”．Then, he took me to Hutong School Beijing to __11__ a level assessment, arrange my __12__ and take me to meet my teachers.
The school is, well, __13__ of what one would expect or is implied by the name not actually located in the hutongs, but located on the 15th floor of a skyscraper.Obviously it was less charming but it did __14__ for great views.
There, I had a 2hour private class every day and my teachers were just lovely.Being in China and constantly being completely __15__ in Chinese improved my Mandarin so much.Now I can communicate with native Chinese speakers fluently.
语篇解读：本文介绍了作者在伦敦学习普通话之后，初次来到北京的胡同学校学习汉语的经历和感想。
1．A.agency B．office
C．institute D．class
解析：选C 根据上文中的内容可知，作者在伦敦的大学学习普通话之后决定到北京进一步学习，因此可以推断出作者要选择一个教育机构(institute)。空后的“Hutong School Beijing”也提示了作者选择了一个教育机构。故选C项。
2．A.serves B．designs
C．operates D．offers
解析：选D 胡同学校不仅提供(offers)语言课程，而且帮助寻找住处、办理签证，以及帮助任何你可能需要帮助的(地方)。由上文可知，胡同学校是作者学习语言的学校，故应提供语言课程。
3．A.cultural B．academic
C．social D．financial
解析：选C 他们也组织联谊活动，当你生活在一个你确实不认识任何人的地方时，这是好的。cultural“文化的”；academic“学术的”；social“社交的；联谊的”；financial“财政的”。故选C项。
4．A.meet B．know
C．like D．recognize
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
5．A.put B．caught
C．lifted D．picked
解析：选D 作者拿起了手提箱，走向出口，见到了胡同学校的代表。pick up意为“拿起，捡起”。
6．A.company B．school
C．apartment D．station
解析：选C 根据下文中的“However, the apartment was not quite as ‘nice’ as __7__ on the website.”可知，此处说的是“公寓(apartment)”，故选C项。
7．A.presented B．explored
C．sought D．painted
解析：选A 然而，这个公寓并不像网上展示的那样好。present“展示”；explore“探索”；seek“寻找，探寻”；paint“绘画”，故选A项。
8．A.teachers B．roommates
C．customers D．classmates
解析：选B 根据上文中提及的“apartment”及空后的“a German guy who would be there for four months learning __9__， and a Spanish guy who works for Hutong School Beijing”可知，作者在公寓里有两个室友(roommates)。
9．A.Chinese B．German
C．English D．Spanish
解析：选A 由前文可知，作者是来学习汉语的，可推知室友也是来学习汉语(Chinese)的。故选A项。
10．A.bringing B．joining
C．settling D．taking
解析：选C 安顿下来后，这位代表带作者到当地警察局登记，这是作为住户应该做的。settle in意为“安顿下来”。故选C项。
11．A.study B．pay
C．adapt D．get
解析：选D 然后，他带作者去胡同学校接受水平评估，安排作者的日程表并且带作者去见老师。作者刚到学校，因此应该接受水平评估。study“学习”；pay“支付”；adapt“适应”；get“受到，得到”。故D项符合语境。
12．A.party B．schedule
C．tour D．report
解析：选B 参见上题解析。party“聚会”；schedule“工作计划，日程安排”；tour“巡回演出，旅行”；report“报告”。故选B项。
13．A.on the whole B．by the way
C．as a result D．on the contrary
解析：选D 这所学校和所期待的或者它的名字蕴含的意思正好相反，它不在胡同里，而是位于摩天大楼的第十五层。on the whole“大体上，总的来看”；by the way“顺便说一下”；as a result“结果”；on the contrary“正相反”。故选D项。
14．A.take B．look
C．make D．long
解析：选C 显然，它不那么迷人，但它确实有利于(make for)观景。故选C项。
15．A.lost B．involved
C．stuck D．interested
解析：选B 身处中国并且完全融入汉语(环境)大大地提高了作者的汉语水平。be lost in“全神贯注于，沉湎于”；be involved in“参与，置身于”；be stuck in“被困在……中”；be interested in“对……感兴趣”。故选B项。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
完形填空技法(10)——巧用首句关键信息，初探文章核心要素
完形填空一般无标题，文章首句一般不设空，是完整的一句话，全文信息由此展开。抓住了首句信息，就抓住了故事的背景、文章的核心和关键等。
①利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。
②利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题。
通过上文首句 “After studying Mandarin (普通话) at a university in London, I decided to further develop my language skills in Beijing”， 我们可以大体判断出该篇文章叙述作者在伦敦学习普通话后，来北京进一步学习汉语。由此可得出第9题的答案。
A
(2019·陕西铜川模拟)English Language Day is celebrated each year on April 23 — the date when William Shakespeare was born. Shakespeare has been called the greatest writer in the English language. His plays continue to be published, performed in theaters and seen in films almost 400 years after his death.
English is considered as the “world language”. Used by only 3 tribes about 1,500 years ago, English now has official or special status in at least 75 countries with a total population of over two billion. English is the main language of business and aviation (航空). It is the most widely used language on the Internet and social media.
The first English Language Day was the result of work by the United Nations. A few years ago, the UN's Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization created Language Days for each of the UN's six official languages. The aim was to celebrate the use of different languages around the world and different cultures. Another goal was to campaign for equal use of all six official languages throughout the United Nations. The other five languages are Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish.
The United Nations celebrated its first English Language Day on April 23, 2010. On that day, a number of events were held at the UN's headquarters in New York City. This year, the TOEFL program has announced plans for a “live” question and answer chat on the social media website Facebook. TOEFL is also known as the Test of English as a Foreign Language. The group says the program is for students interested in learning more about its test and the English language.
语篇解读：文章介绍了英语语言日的起源以及目的等内容。
1．English Language Day has something to do with ________.
A．a great writer of 400 years ago
B．the development of aviation
C．the Internet and social media
D．some plays performed in theaters
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，English Language Day选在每年的4月23日庆祝是因为这一天是William Shakespeare 出生的日子，而William Shakespeare 又是一位400年前的伟大作家，故选A。
2．What do you know about English?
A．It is the most widely used language in the world.
B．It is the language spoken by most people.
C．It is the top official language of the United Nations.
D．It is the oldest language in the world.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段的“English is considered as the ‘world language’．”可知，英语被认为是世界语言。再根据“English now has official or special status in at least 75 countries with a total population of over two billion.”可知，英语在至少75个国家，20多亿人口中拥有官方的或特殊的地位。由此推知，英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言。
3．Which of the following languages is NOT one of the UN's six official languages?
A．Chinese. B．Russian.
C．German. D．French.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The other five languages are Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish.”可知，联合国的六种官方语言除了英语之外，还有阿拉伯语、汉语、法语、俄语和西班牙语。由此可知，德语不属于联合国的六种官方语言之一。
4．It can be known from the passage that ________.
A．the TOEFL program is no longer popular in China
B．the first English Language Day came into being in 2010
C．English Language Day is the only language day in the world
D．The United Nations will create more Language Days in the future
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The United Nations celebrated its first English Language Day on April 23, 2010.”可知，联合国是在2010年庆祝第一个英语语言日的。由此可知，第一个英语语言日是2010年诞生的。
B
(2019·甘肃兰州高考模拟)Bored with your life? Dreaming of something different? I always wonder what life would be like 400km above my head. That's where the International Space Station orbits the earth, with six astronauts living and working on board, for months at a time.
How do they sleep? They spend the night floating in a sleeping bag inside a small cubicle (小隔间) on the ceiling.American astronaut Sunita Williams explains，“It's like a little phone booth, but it's pretty comfortable and it doesn't matter if I turn over and sleep upside down. I don't have any sensation (感觉) in my head that tells me I'm upside down.”
Brushing your teeth in a place where you can't have a tap or a sink can be a challenge. Can you imagine the mess that running water would make in zero gravity? Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield uses a straw to put a big blob (一滴) of water from a sealed bag onto an ordinary toothbrush and adds a little toothpaste which he has to swallow when he's done.
Daily exercise is essential.The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength — so astronauts are encouraged to work out for at least two hours a day.
The role of astronauts in the International Space Station is to act as lab technicians for scientists back on earth. So they spend their time maintaining their environment and performing and monitoring experiments in a confined space about the size of a Boeing 747. Almost every task is carefully planned by mission control — although most astronauts spend their first days losing things until they get used to sticking everything they use to the walls with Velcro, duct tape (强力胶带) or clips (夹子)．
One of their most valued perks (额外待遇) is the view from “the office”， dominated by that gigantic blue ball down there, sitting in the darkness of space. Wow! Absolutely breathtaking!
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了太空中宇航员的生活和工作情况。
5．When they sleep upside down, the astronauts will not get dizzy because ________.
A．they don't feel it
B．they sleep in the daytime
C．they sleep in special sleeping bags
D．they are trained to adapt to the conditions of weightlessness
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，宇航员倒着睡不会晕是因为大脑并没有感知到这种颠倒的行为，故选A。
6．Why may astronauts lose things?
A．Because they always forget where they put their things.
B．Because in zero gravity, everything that is not stuck down floats.
C．Because they are so busy that they don't have enough time to put their things away.
D．Because in a space station, there aren't enough places for astronauts to store their things.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二、三、五段内容可知，在失重状态下没有被固定的东西会飘浮起来以至于会丢失，故选B。
7．What parts become weak if astronauts don't exercise?
A．Their teeth and bones.
B．Their brains and bones.
C．Their teeth and muscles.
D．Their bones and muscles.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的“The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength”可知，宇航员不锻炼的话，他们的肌肉和骨头会变得虚弱。
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Problems We Met in Space
B．How to Become an Astronaut
C．Living and Working in Space
D．The International Space Station
解析：选C 标题归纳题。根据第一段和全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是太空中宇航员的生活和工作情况，故选C。
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