2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮复习外研新课改省份专用讲义：语法专题九名词性从句
展开专题九名词性从句
连接词that, whether, if引导的名词性从句 |
1．that引导的名词性从句
(1)that在名词性从句中不作任何成分，引导宾语从句时有时可以省略，引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时不能省略。
I think that you should turn to the teacher for help.(that不充当任何句子成分，也无实际意义)
我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
(2)that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，常见句型有：
①It＋be＋形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)＋that从句
It is wonderful that all of you have passed the difficult exam!
你们都通过了这次很难的考试真令人高兴！
②It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/a surprise/no wonder等)＋that从句
It is a pity that you have missed the wonderful lecture.
你错过了这么精彩的演讲真遗憾。
③It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that从句
It is suggested that the lab building (should) be built next year.
有人建议实验楼明年修建。
④It＋特殊动词(seems/appears/happens/matters)＋that从句
It appears that they have made the same mistake.
好像他们犯了同样的错误。
[名师指津] 在以下主语从句中，常使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”形式，其中的should可以省略。
①It is necessary/strange/important/natural etc.＋that ...
②It is a pity that ...
③It is suggested/requested/required/proposed/desired etc. ＋that ...
(3)动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语时，需用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为我们每天喝大量的开水是很有必要的。
2．whether与if 引导的名词性从句
(1)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主语。
Whether it is true remains a question.
这是否是真的依然是个问题。
It is unknown if he will attend the meeting.
他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。
(2)whether与if引导宾语从句时，大多数情况下可以互换，后面直接跟or not时用whether，用于介词后引导宾语从句时也用whether。
We don't know whether or not she was ready.
我们不知道她是否准备好了。
I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.
我对你是否完成了这项工作感兴趣。
(3)whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if则不可以。
The question is whether it is worth doing.
问题是它是否值得做。
The question whether the work was worth doing has not been decided.这项工作是否值得做的问题还没有确定。
连接代词和连接副词引导的名词性从句 |
1．连接代词引导的名词性从句
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词所作的成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。缺少连接代词，从句不完整。
What worries us most is who let out the secret.
最令我们担忧的是谁泄漏了秘密。
2．连接副词引导的名词性从句
连接副词when, where, why, how等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式等。
He didn't tell me when we would meet again.
他没告诉我什么时候我们再见面。
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.
去把你的大衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。
I have no idea how I can express myself clearly in English.
我不知道如何用英语清楚地表达自己。
That's why I want you to work there.
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
3．“疑问词＋ever”引导的名词性从句
“疑问词＋ever”引导名词性从句时，有词意，并且在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
无论谁触犯法律都应该受到惩罚。
Wherever children go makes their parents worry.
孩子们无论去哪儿父母都担心。
[名师指津] “疑问词＋ever”还可以引导让步状语从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能用来引导名词性从句。
Whatever (＝ No matter what) you do, you must do it well.
无论你做什么，都必须做好。
[命题点感悟]
单句语法填空
①(2018·浙江11月高考)It is possible ________ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
解析：that it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语。
②(2017·天津高考改编)She asked me________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
解析：whether/if 句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认说我还没有还。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用；又根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故用whether或if引导宾语从句。
③(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to ________ I live.
解析：where 分析句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
④(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
解析：how 分析句子结构可知，空格处是一个宾语从句。空格后的thick为形容词，因此空格处应用副词，故填how。
⑤(2014·广东高考)I didn't understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
解析：why 根据语境可知，“我”不知道/不明白为什么会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导。
名词性从句易错点 |
1．that和what的区别
that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”，即常说的“先行词＋that/which/who”。
It's a shame that he has made such a mistake.
真遗憾，他犯了这样一个错误。
I will do what I can (do) to help him.
我将尽我所能帮助他。
2．同位语从句与定语从句的区别
判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。试比较：
①The notice that the meeting had to be put off was true.(同位语从句)
→The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.
②The notice that he read just now was true.(定语从句)
[专题过关训练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．And it evaluates how well you combine your listening, reading, speaking and writing skills to perform academic tasks.
2．Now, he is still waiting to find out whether/if he has broken the record.
3．He promised to give a great reward to whoever_ found the watch.
4．“That's exactly what_ I need，” Mr. Vincent said to himself.
5．Think about what you want in the coming year, then ask yourself why you want that.
6．Another possible reason is that on average, the British people don't take themselves too seriously.
7．What he did know was that he was very thankful for the opportunity given to him.
8．The two presidents talked by telephone on Friday, but the details of what they said were not available.
9．Reading exposes you to new words, and you will see how those words are used.
10．The third reason is that some students have to get up early on weekdays to get to school far away from home.
11．Some students prefer to choose a major first so they can learn what they are interested in.
12．If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.
13．I'd like to know how the activity is scheduled in detail.
14．With such a pen pal, I hope I can share with her my experiences in traveling, taking care of pets, or whatever we have in common.
15．(2019·云南昆明一中模拟)What made Mr. Green surprised was that it was just his daughter, who wore a suit of man's clothes.
Ⅱ.运用语法写靓句
1．许多学生的成功是因为他们为考试做了充分的准备。(lie in, the fact, be prepared for)
Many_students'_success_lies_in_the_fact_that_they_were_well_prepared_for_the_exam.
2．我们有许多共同的地方。他喜欢什么，我就喜欢什么；他讨厌什么，我也讨厌什么。(have a lot in common, love, hate)
We_have_a_lot_in_common._I_love_what_he_loves_and_hate_what_he_hates.
3．近几年，我们的学校发生了很大的变化，已经不再是过去的样子了。(great changes, take place, used to be)
In_the_past_few_years,_great_changes_have_taken_place_in_our_school_and_it_is_no_longer_what_it_used_to_be.
4．我们必须尽一切努力来保护我们的环境。(take, protect)
We_must_do_whatever_it_takes_to_protect_our_environment.
5．那时我才意识到我犯了一个多么大的错误。(It was ... that ..., realize, make)
It_was_then_that_I_realized_what_a_terrible_mistake_I_had_made.
6．得知你在英语学习上取得大的进步，我很高兴。(learn)
I_am_glad_to_learn_that_you_are_making_great_progress_with_your_English_learning.
Ⅲ.语法填空
After being upset at opportunities in the UK, I left the UK for another country and discovered that understanding an __1__ (entire) new culture taught me a lot about how to get ahead.
My life overseas began after reading an email about a government programme __2__ the aim of getting young people over to that country. I __3__ (consider) no international work experience before, but, realizing that this was an opportunity not to be missed, I boarded a plane to the country.
The main reason for people to go on such a voyage is to develop __4__ better understanding of a different culture. The key to __5__ (get) ahead in this country is to get connected with other people, which determines how business __6__ (do) and how you succeed.
Living abroad isn't as easy as I thought. Each day will present you with a new challenge __7__ (overcome). But it will wholly disappear with days when your taxi driver finally understands __8__ you need to go without you acting it out, days when you discover __9__ (taste) dishes cost only a small part of a Happy Meal, and days when the people you'll remember forever or just for two weeks leave a lasting __10__ (impress) on your life.
1．entirely 我发现，了解一种全新的文化教给我很多关于如何获得成功的知识。本空应用副词entirely“完全地，彻底地”修饰形容词new。
2．with with the aim of表示“带着……的目的”，为习惯搭配，故此处应填with。
3．had considered 副词before“以前”一般与完成时连用，由but后面的分句所用的一般过去时可知，此处要用过去完成时。
4．a develop a better understanding of“对……有更好的理解”，为习惯用法，故填a。
5．getting key作名词，意为“关键，要诀”时，常与介词to搭配，故本空要填动名词getting。
6．is done 它决定了做生意的方式以及你的成功之道。do与business之间是被动关系，且此处是在说明一种客观情况，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。
7．to be overcome 空格处作后置定语修饰challenge，根据语境可知非谓语动作还未发生，因此用不定式作后置定语，且overcome“克服”与challenge之间是被动关系，故用to be done的形式。
8．where 当你的出租车司机终于在你不用手比划的情况下就明白你需要去哪里时。空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，表示“哪里”，故填where。
9．tasty 空格处修饰名词dishes，故填形容词tasty“美味的”。
10．impression leave a ... impression on ...表示“给……留下……的印象”，空格处要填名词impression。
