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2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮复习外研新课改省份专用讲义：必修五Module5TheGreatSportsPersonality
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Module 5 The Great Sports Personality
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．rugby n． 橄榄球
2．bat n. 球拍；球棒
3．club n. 高尔夫球棒
4．net n. 网
5．ring n. 拳击台
6．tracksuit n. 运动服
7．trainer n. 运动鞋；教练员
8．brand n. 商标；牌子
9．logo n. (公司或组织的)标识；标志
10．sportswear n. 运动服装；休闲服装
11．slogan n. 标语
12．marathon n. 马拉松
13．ministry n. (政府的)部
14．ultimate adj. 最后的
15.final n． 决赛
16．dramatically adv. 戏剧性地
17．protest vi. 抗议
18．borough n. (自治)区
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．stadium n. 体育场，运动场
2．track n. 跑道
3．background n. 背景
4．guarantee vt. 保证
5．purchase vt. 购买
6．symbol n. 符号
7．score vi.& vt. 得分
8．quality n. 特性；品德；品性
9．victory n. 胜利
10．tough adj. 费力的；棘手的；困难的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．athletics n．田径运动→athlete n．运动员→athletic adj.体育的，运动的
2．retire vi.退休→retirement n．退休→retired adj.退休的
3．perform vi.表现→performer n．执行者；表演者→performance n．表现；表演
4．advantage n．优势；长处→disadvantage n．劣势；弱点
5．designer n．设计师→design vt.& n．设计
6．gymnast n．体操运动员→gym/gymnasium n．体育馆→gymnastics n．体操，体操训练
7．specific adj.具体的；特定的→specifically adv.明确地；准确地
8．champion n．冠军→championship n．冠军地位；锦标赛
9．declare vt.宣布→declaration n．宣言；声明
10．competitor n．竞争者；对手→compete v．竞赛；竞争→competition n．竞赛；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的
[语境活用]
1．He was the only champion who won world table tennis championship five times.(champion)
2．The advantage of cycling to work is that we can live a lowcarbon life while the disadvantage is that it wastes time.(advantage)
3．Tom is retiring next year, so he is asking Mr.Smith, a retired doctor, who is 80 years old, for some advice on how to spend the retirement life.(retire)
4．The performance given by this performer who often performed in public was a great success.(perform)
5．The designer,_who had designed a great number of famous works, said that most of his designs came from a sudden inspiration.(design)
6．The two athletes are competing for the gold medal.The result of the competition is hard to predict because the two competitors are both excellent and competitive.(compete)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.as_well_as 和……一样
2．make_a_list_of 列举
3．be_made_up_of 由……组成
4．on_the_increase 正在增加
5．have_an_advantage_over 比……有优势
6．vote_for 投票选举
7．after_all 毕竟；终归
8．of_all_time 有史以来
9．be_up_to_sb. 由某人决定
10．rise_to_one's_feet 站起身
1.Traffic accidents are on_the_increase as a result of the increase of private cars.
2．Men usually have_an_advantage_over women when hunting for jobs.
3．I want to know what she stands for before I vote_for her.
4．Confucius is respected by most Chinese as the greatest teacher of_all_time.
5．I saw two boys rising_to_their_feet at the same time to answer the question.
6．The man, as_well_as his wife and children, often sits on the sofa watching TV.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.
但即使是已经赢得了在自己运动项目上所能赢得的一切，李宁还是带着一种失败的感觉退了役。
even though“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
尽管金钱对于生活是必不可少的，但是它买不到幸福。
Even_though_money_is_necessary_to_life,_it can't buy happiness.
2.But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life.
但就是这种失败感使他决心在新的生活中取得成功。
“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that ...”强调句型。
正是在老师的帮助下我实现了我的抱负。
It was with my teacher's help that I achieved my ambition.
3.If you go into a school or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.
如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园，都有可能看到身穿印有那个熟悉标志的李宁运动服的学生们。
the chances are (that) ...“很可能……”。
如果你努力申请这份工作的话，你很有可能被录用。
If you make efforts in applying for the job, the_chances_are_(that)_you_will_be_employed.
二、课堂重点深化
1．perform v．表演，表现；运转；履行，执行
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①(2015·浙江高考)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it being_performed (perform) live is quite another.
②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)My classmates and I have decided to organize some wonderful singing and dancing performances (perform) for them, which will last about 3 hours.
补全句子
③The doctor will set out to_perform_the_operation,_so please keep calm.
医生就要开始做手术了，因此请保持镇静。
[系统归纳]
(1)perform one's duty/promise 履行职责/诺言
perform an experiment/operation 做实验/手术
(2)performance n． 表演，演出；表现；执行，履行
give/put on a performance 演出
(3)performer n． 执行者，表演者，演奏者，能手
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)另外，会有著名的艺术家现场表演如何剪纸。
In addition, there are famous artists who will perform_how_to_cut_paper on the spot.
僻义牢牢记
⑤(2015·天津高考)You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.执行
2．advantage n．优势；长处；优点，有利条件
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏高考书面表达)The advantages (advantage) and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related.
②He has the advantage of getting the job because his brother is the director of sales department.
③It might be to your advantage to take a computer course of some kind.
[系统归纳]
(1)take (full) advantage of (充分)利用
gain/win/have an advantage over sb. 比某人有优势；胜过，优于
to one's advantage＝to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利
have the advantage of (doing) sth. 有(做)……的有利条件
(2)disadvantage n. 劣势；不利条件
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④父母应该积极地督促孩子利用这个机会加入体育队。
Parents should actively urge their children to take_advantage_of_the_opportunity to join sports teams.
3．guarantee vt.保证；担保；为……作担保；使……必然发生 n．保证(书)；担保(物)；抵押品；保修单
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①We guarantee to_deliver (deliver) your goods within a week.
②The manufacturer gives us a guarantee that the iPad is_guaranteed (guarantee) for a year.
补全句子
③Even if you complete your training, I can't guarantee_you_a_job.
即使你完成了培训，我也无法保证你能有一份工作。
[系统归纳]
(1)guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
保证某人得到某物
(2)give sb.a guarantee 给某人保证/承诺
under guarantee 在保修期内
[重点强化]
佳句时时写(一句多译)
你能向我保证按时完工吗？
④Can you guarantee_to_me that the work will be finished on time？(guarantee v．)
⑤Can you give_me_a_guarantee that the work will be finished on time？(guarantee n．)
4．declare vt.宣布，宣称；宣告；声明
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Police have now declared war on/against drug dealers in the area.
②When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly against the policy, which made them unhappy.
③When the meeting was declared closed (close), all the people present got up and left.
[系统归纳]
declare war on/against 向……宣战
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对
declare sb.to be ... 宣布某人为……
declare ...open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
declare that ... 宣布……
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时，我又惊又喜。
When the teacher declared_me_to_be_the_winner_of_the_English_Speech_Contest,_I was surprised and pleased.
1．on the increase正在增加/长，在增大
[系统归纳]
(1)on the decrease/decline 在减少/衰退
on the rise 在上涨，在增长
(2)increase by ... 增加了……
increase to ... 增加到……
[重点强化]
单句语法填空
①The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005.
②The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons.
佳句时时写(词汇升级)
③The number of people who study Chinese has been rising in the past few years.
→The number of people who study Chinese has been on_the_increase/rise in the past few years.
2．rise to one's feet站起身
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①(2016·浙江高考)Jane jumped to her feet, waving her handmade flag and crying for help.
②Now that you have grown up, you must learn to stand on your own feet.
③I found an old man fell into a pool, but quickly he struggled to his feet.
[系统归纳]
jump/leap to one's feet 跳起来
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
stand on one's own feet 自立，经济上独立
set foot on/in 踏上/进入
[重点强化]
佳句时时写(词汇升级)
④At the end of the concert, the audience stood up to applaud and cheer.
→At the end of the concert, the audience rose_to_their_feet to applaud and cheer.
3．(the) chances are (that) ...
[教材原句] If you go into a school or university anywhere, the_chances_are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.
[自主体验]
①My application has been approved, and the_chances_are_that I will leave the company next month.
＝My application has been approved, and there_is_a_chance_that I will leave the company next month.
我的申请已经被批准了，我很可能下个月离开公司。
②There_is_no_chance_of doing business if you insist on that offer.
如果你们坚持那个报价，就不可能做成生意。
③(2016·四川高考)Chinese scientists recently had_a_chance_to_study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.
中国的科学家最近有个研究一只带着新生宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫的机会。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)(the) chances are (that) ...“很可能……”，句型中的the和that都可省略。表达此意时还可用there is a chance that ...句式。
(2)there's no chance of doing/to do sth./that ... “不可能……”。
(3)have a chance of doing/to do sth. “有做某事的机会”。
注意事项
(1)(the) chances are (that)句式中的chance只能用复数。
(2)possibility也可以表示可能性，构成句式There is a/no possibility to do/of doing/that ...
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)If you work hard at English, the chances are (that) you will pass the final exam.
②(增分要点句)There is no possibility that human beings will ever be controlled by robots.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“体育活动”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一) 体育项目
温故浅易词汇
①basketball ②football ③tennis④race ⑤swimming ⑥shooting
⑦high jump ⑧long jump
识记生疏词汇
①gymnastics n．体操 ②athletics n．田径
③relay n．接力 ④diving n．跳水
⑤weightlifting n．举重 ⑥boxing n．拳击(运动)
⑦court n．球场 ⑧track n．跑道
子话题(二) 体育比赛
温故浅易词汇
①event ②match ③competition ④performance ⑤win ⑥beat/defeat ⑦medal
识记生疏词汇
①cheer n．加油 ②laughter n．笑声
③platform n．平台 ④impressive adj.印象深刻的
⑤deserve vt.应得，应受 ⑥glory n．巨大的光荣，荣誉
⑦performance n．表现 ⑧competitive adj.有竞争力的
常用词块忆一忆
①field events 田赛项目
②track events 径赛项目
③swimming pool 游泳池
④diving platform 跳台
⑤sports talent 运动天赋
⑥sports meeting 运动会
⑦get first/second place 获得第一/二名
⑧starting/finishing line 起点/终点线
⑨in high spirits 精神抖擞；情绪高昂
⑩an unforgettable experience 难忘的经历
⑪participate in 参加；参与
⑫hard training 艰苦的训练
⑬pay off 有所回报
⑭a close game 一场势均力敌的比赛
⑮break the record 打破纪录
写作佳句背一背
①Sports are perhaps the most popular form of relaxation that almost all can enjoy.
②It's obvious that daily exercise is very beneficial to your health.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
读后续写情节发展合理化
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
An 80yearold man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45yearold highly educated son. Suddenly a crow (乌鸦) perched on their window.
The father asked his son, “What is this？”The son replied, “It is a crow.”
After a few minutes, the father asked his son the 2nd time,_“What is this？” The son said，“Father, I have just now told you ‘It's a crow.’”
After a little while, the old father again asked his son the 3rd time, “ What is this？”
At this time some expression of irritation was felt in the son's tone when he said to his father with a rebuff. “It's a cow, a cow.”
A little while later, the father again asked his son the 4th time, “What is this？”
This time the son shouted_at his father，“ Why do you keep asking me the_same_question again and again, although I have told you so many times ‘IT IS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this？”
A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old tattered diary, which he had maintained since his son was born.
On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page.
When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary：
“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied_to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question again and again for 23 times. I did not at all feel irritated but I rather felt affection for my innocent child.”
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
After reading the diary，
Paragraph 2：
Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father.
[写作步骤]
第一步：速读全文
文本大意：一位八十岁的老人和他的中年儿子坐在沙发上。同一个问题老人才问了三遍，儿子就已经十分恼怒和没耐心了；第四遍时，儿子已开始对他大吼了。伤心的父亲拿出一本破旧的日记让儿子读其中一页的内容：儿子小时候问了23 遍同一个问题，父亲仍然耐心解释。
叙述意图：文章告诉我们要像小时候父母爱我们一样去爱父母，善待父母就是善待明天的自己。
第二步：细读全文
1．所给短文情景模式分析。
who
son, father
what
An old man asked his son the same question for four times, and his son became very impatient. Later, the old man took out a diary written for his son.
when
not mentioned
where
in his house
why
Parents are usually patient with their children while their children are not.
2．对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。
★人物：son, father
★事件： time, the same question, diary
★动作与心理描写：shout at, irritation, affection, reply to, read
第三步：精心谋篇
1．Paragraph 1：After reading the diary，
看了日记之后，
[情节分析] 由短文大意以及文章最后的结尾部分可知这里是父子不同态度的对比，上文叙述了父亲让儿子看自己的日记，由续写内容第一段After reading the diary可知后面的内容应是儿子看了日记后的感受，以及对一些问题的思考。
2．Paragraph 2：Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father. 儿子感到非常羞愧，跪在父亲面前。
[情节分析] 注意关键词Feeling ashamed，由此可知儿子对自己的行为感到愧疚，所以下文中会为自己的行为道歉，然后向父亲保证以后好好对待父亲。
第四步：初写成文
Paragraph 1：
1．看了日记之后，儿子开始记起曾经和父亲坐在一起的日子，眼里满是泪水。
After reading the diary, the son began to remember the days when_he_used_to_sit_together with his father, his eyes filled with tears.
2．父亲将会耐心回答同一个问题23次，一点也不感到厌烦，而父亲同一个问题只问了他4次！
His father would_patiently_answer the same question all 23 times without feeling irritation while his father asked him the same question just 4 times!
3．儿子心想：如果我老了，儿子会怎么看我呢？
The son thought_to_himself:_If I attain old age, how will my son look at me?
4．他会认为我是一个负担吗？
Will he think_of me as a burden?
5．他会因为我的视力、听觉或理解力差而对我大喊大叫吗？
Will he shout_at me because of my poor sight, poor hearing or poor understanding?
Paragraph 2：
6．他向父亲道歉，恳求父亲原谅他的不良行为。
He made_an_apology_to his father, and begged his father to forgive him for his bad behavior.
7．他大声地说：“爸爸，我承诺让您永远幸福。”
He said aloud，“I promise_to_make you happy forever, Dad.”
8．您从我小时候起就一直关心我，给予我无私的爱。
You have cared for me ever_since_I_was_a_little_child,_showering your selfless affection on me.
9．为了我能上得起大学，您努力工作赚钱。
You worked hard to make money so that I could afford_to_go_to_university.
10．我要用最好的方式孝敬您。
I will serve you in_the_best_way.
第五步：润色升级
1．把要点1中的remember改为高级词汇。
remember→think_back_to
2．用分词短语作状语改写要点6。
He_made_an_apology_to_his_father,_begging_his_father_to_forgive_him_for_his_bad_behavior.
3．把要点8改为强调句式。
It_is_you_who_have_cared_for_me_ever_since_I_was_a_little_child,_showering_your_selfless_affection_on_me.
第六步：复查定稿
Paragraph 1：
After reading the diary, the son began to think back to the days when he used to sit together with his father,_his eyes filled with tears. His father would patiently answer the_same_question all 23 times without feeling irritation while his father asked him the same question just 4 times! The son thought to himself: If I attain old age, how will my son look at me? Will he think of me as a burden? Will he shout_at me because of my poor sight, poor hearing or poor understanding?
Paragraph 2：
Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father. He made an apology to his father, begging his father to forgive him for his bad behavior. He said aloud，“I promise to make you happy forever, Dad. It is you who have cared for me ever since I was a little child, showering your selfless affection on me. You worked hard to make money so that I could afford to go to university. I will serve you in the best way.”
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Both teams train for two hours a day and participate in competitions (竞赛) regularly.
2．(2016·浙江高考)In this article, you need to back up general statements with specific (具体的) examples.
3．Take this opportunity, and I guarantee (保证) that you won't regret it.
4．All people consider she is one of the most excellent champions (冠军) in history.
5．With a good command of both Chinese and English, she has a(n) advantage (优势) over other interviewees.
6．The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol (标志) of courage and power.
7．The chairman declared (宣布) the meeting open at 8：00 this morning.
8．When the worldfamous tennis player announced her retirement (退役), she couldn't help crying.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．If you want to have an advantage ❶over others in some fields, you should guarantee ❷to_take (take) great efforts.In some way, it's up ❸to you to decide whether you will succeed or not.
2．Because their products are ❶of high quality, the number of people ❷purchasing (purchase) the products is on ❸the increase.
3．As soon as her ❶performance (perform) in the singing ❷competition (compete) came to an end, every audience present rose ❸to their feet to give her a big applause.
4．Before ❶retirement (retire), he ❷had_scored (score) 200 goals.Now he acts as a ❸trainer (train), devoting himself to educating young children.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．你应该利用这次好机会练习你的英语口语。(advantage)
You should take_advantage_of_the_good_chance to practise your oral English.
2．这种洗衣机质量上乘，因此在全国销量很好。(quality)
This kind of washing machine is of_high_quality so that it sells well all over the country.
3．如果你住在农村，很可能听到过鸟儿在歌唱着迎接新的一天的到来。(the chances are that ...)
If you live in the country, the_chances_are_that_you_have_heard_birds_singing to welcome the new day.
4．即使你可能会失败，你也应该尽力去完成你的工作。(even though)
Even_though_you_might_fail,_you should try your best to finish your work.
5．不是兴趣而是市场需求影响着大学生的专业选择。(强调句型)
It_is_not_their_interest_but_the_need_of_the_market_that influences students' choices of college majors.
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
Pedestrianism, an early form of racewalking, was a(n) ❶extremely (extreme) popular sport in 18thand 19thcentury Britain, ❷attracting (attract) huge crowds of spectators (观众)．Individuals would either aim to walk a certain distance within a(n) ❸limited (limit) period of time or compete against other pedestrians.
Perhaps the most famous ❹walker (walk) was Captain Robert Barclay Allardice, whose extraordinary(非凡的) achievements earned him the ❺title (称号) of the “Celebrated Pedestrian”．The Scotsman's most memorable ❻performance (perform) took place in 1809, when he walked 1,000 miles in 1,000 hours for a bet of 1,000 guineas (an old British unit of money)．Many considered it unlikely that he would ❼complete_the_challenge (完成这次挑战), which required him to walk a mile an hour, for fortytwo days and nights.He proved them wrong, though the task was so ❽physically (身体上) demanding that by the end of the walk he had lost nearly fifteen kilos in weight.
Since the 20th century, interest in walking as a sport ❾has_dropped (drop)．Racewalking is still Olympic sport, but fails ❿to_catch (catch) the public attention as it did.
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
performance， impressive， cheer， sports meeting， unforgettable experience， opening parade， high jump， hard training， pay off， event
Last weekend our school held a ❶sports_meeting.Realizing it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an ❷unforgettable_experience for all of us.
We first attended the ❸opening_parade,_for which our class had made a lot of preparations.To our excitement, our parade ❹performance was a great success.After the parade, the games started.My classmates attended various ❺events such as running, ❻high_jump and long jump.Due to the ❼hard_training they had done before, their performances were very ❽impressive.On the stand, my classmates applauded and ❾cheered for the athletes, some raising their cameras to capture the exciting moments.Finally, the result was announced.It was amazing that our class won the second place.Our efforts ❿paid_off! Cup in hand, we took a picture together.
I believe this sports meeting will remain a precious memory for all of us as time goes by.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2016·浙江高考)Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best performance (perform) to this day.
2．(2015·北京高考)As a retired (retire) ear doctor, I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.
3．(2011·福建高考)My experience of owning a shop and working as a designer (design) in Colombia gave me confidence in my abilities.
4．(2011·重庆高考)Green Maps is not specifically (specific) intended for travelers.
5．(2011·福建高考)In one sense, that's a good thing.But it also has a disadvantage (advantage)．
6．(2011·浙江高考)In the more and more competitive (compete) service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用declare, retirement, advantage, perform填空)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)The story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club __47__ their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very idea of communicating without speaking attracted me.
performed
2．(2012·江苏高考完形填空)I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who really wants it.Computers can be shut down and mobile phones can be turned off.The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many __50__， as well as disadvantages.advantages
3．(2010·辽宁高考完形填空)As I found out, there is, in fact, often no perfect equivalence (对应) between two words in two languages.My aunt even goes so far as to __48__ that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the exact meaning of a word in English! Therefore, she insisted that I read the definition (定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.Gradually, I have come to see what she meant.declare
4．(2010·天津高考完形填空)Moody faces __34__ in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation fulltime.“I'm living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my community to give back，” Moody says.“If I teach a kid to fish today, he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow.”retirement
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：国家一直倡导全民健身运动，推进体育强国的建设。因此“体育精神”成为近年来的高考热点。伴随着2020年东京奥运会的即将举行和2022年中国冬奥会的申办成功，我们应多关注体育相关方面的话题与文章。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some hold an optimistic attitude.They value it highly, believing that it is a natural outcome of social progress and prosperity (繁荣) and that anyone who wants to be outstanding has to keep up with the pace.Others think otherwise.They say that competition is bad, that it sets one person against another and that it leads to the unfriendly relationship among people.
[2]I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth depended on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs.In their singleminded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
[3]However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others have an opposite opinion.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition.Among the_most_vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.They have no choice.Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail.They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success.By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they really try and lose, that will mean a lot.Such a loss would be a measure of their worth.Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves.Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs compared with others.Both are afraid of not being valued.Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (消除) can we discover a new meaning in competition.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了不同的人对竞争的不同观点，在结尾作者也给出了自己的看法。
1．What does this passage mainly talk about?
A．Competition helps to set up selfrespect.
B．Opinions about competition are different among people.
C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development.
D．Failure is a necessary experience in competition.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。从第一段可知，对于竞争的看法因人而异。第一段可视为主题段，以下的段落是围绕该主题展开的阐述，所以本文主要阐述了对竞争的不同观点。
2．Why are some people in favor of competition according to the passage?
A．It pushes society forward.
B．It builds up a sense of duty.
C．It improves personal abilities.
D．It encourages individual efforts.
解析：选A 推理判断题。从第一段第二、第三句可知，持乐观看法的人十分看重竞争，认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的自然产物，任何想脱颖而出的人得跟上(社会进步的)脚步。故可推断，这种人认为竞争可以推动社会进步。
3．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means __________.
A．those who try their best to win
B．those who value competition most highly
C．those who are against competition most strongly
D．those who rely on others most for success
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的“are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society”可知，这些年轻人遭受了来自他们父母或社会的竞争压力，他们应是“最强烈反对竞争的人”，故选C。上一句中的“strongly blame competition”也是提示。
4．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with “a desire to fail” ?
A．One's worth lies in his performance compared with others.
B．One's success in competition needs great efforts.
C．One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.
D．One's success is based on how hard he has tried.
解析：选A 细节理解题。从最后一段倒数第二、第三句可知，与其他的人相比，应付竞争的人与真正想竞争的人的观念相似，都把自尊依赖于竞争的表现上，故选A。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
主旨大意技法(5)——通过找主题句确定文章大意
主题句是最能概括说明中心思想的句子。我们在阅读中要想抓住文章或段落的中心思想，最简洁而且行之有效的方法就是找到主题句。
①主题句在段首。主题句通常位于段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。以主题句开头的段落最容易突出中心思想，对读者来说最容易把握作者的思路，而这就是英语文章中最常见的演绎法，在做论述文、科技文和新闻类题目时最容易见到。如上文的主题句就是文章首句，由此可知上文第1题答案。
②主题句在段尾。主题句出现在段尾是作者采用了先摆事实后作结论的手法。一般说来，当一种观点不易解释清楚，或不易被接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现，这种段落称作归纳型段落，这是英语文章中最常见的归纳法。
③主题句在中间。一般情况下，这种类型的文章的开头会对所讨论问题的背景进行交代，然后用一句概括、总结性的句子对前文进行总结，接着再围绕提出的主题展开深入的讨论。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019·福州市联考)If a city wants to hold the Olympics, it must submit a proposal to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated (淘汰), the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically, the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city's time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee — not the IOC or the NOC of the host city's country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues (收入), and corporate sponsorships, tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have gained amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. If the financial gains from the Games are less than expected, the city will be left with large debts.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程。
1．________ will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.
A．A city that submits a proposal
B．A majority winner in voting
C．A city that has perfect time zone
D．One that hasn't hosted the Games
解析：选B 细节理解题。第一段主要介绍了产生主办城市的规则，根据第一段第二、第三句“After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated (淘汰), the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined.”可知，在所有提案提交后，国际奥委会投票。如果没有得票最少的城市被淘汰，则投票继续，直到确定主办城市。据此可知，得票数最多的城市由国际奥委会确定为奥运会主办城市，故B项正确。
2．If the Games take place in Canada, American television networks ________.
A．will not pay for the Canadian television networks
B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events
C．can't broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours
D．are willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada ... because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.”可知，奥运会无论何时在美国或者加拿大举办，美国电视网络都愿意为电视转播权支付特别高的费用，因为他们可以在最佳观看时间直播受欢迎的(体育)赛事，故D项正确。
3．According to the last paragraph, which following statement is TRUE？
A．The host city must be left with large debts.
B．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games.
C．The city may gain a lot of money.
D．It is impossible that the host city couldn't make money.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，主办城市能获得奥运会电视转播、企业赞助等收入，故主办城市可能会获得许多资金，故C项正确。
4．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．Winner or loser
B．Applying for host for the Olympics
C．How to host the Olympic Games
D．The Olympic Games
解析：选B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程：先向国际奥委会提交提案，国际奥委会根据规则和实际情况投票选择主办城市，一旦确定主办城市，则该城市应积极准备。故B项最适合作本文的标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·福州市高中毕业班质检)The holiday season is supposed to be the most festive and fun time of the year, but all those plans and expectations of joy can turn tougher and more stressful than they sound.This is especially true for those of us who struggle with mental illness.
__1__ Sometimes you're forced to spend time with family you rarely see and don't always get along with.Or you are off from work, with more time to think troubling thoughts.Or you are put into party situations that you don't like.
When you have a routine, it's easier to manage whatever mental struggles you may face, and when that routine is broken, it can trigger (引发) things you may not be ready to face.__2__ It was during the holidays that I hit a low moment and, with the help of my mother, decided to seek help for my eating disorder.
During the holidays, I often feel as if I were supposed to be everywhere with everyone.__3__ To fight this, I've developed a mantra (咒语): it's not selfish to take time for yourself.
Take a walk in nature.Talk to a friend you trust.Sit out one of the holiday gatherings in favor of some personal time.__4__
Trying to spend all of your time pleasing everyone else is not only exhausting — it's impossible.And you know what？__5__
A．I know it has for me.
B．The holidays break your routine.
C．There are many things crowding in your mind.
D．I will accompany my friends to go wherever they like.
E．I have the added guilt of knowing it's the season of giving.
F．Just do whatever helps you calm down and gives you a break from the stress.
G．If you take a little time for yourself, you will be a much better company for those around you.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。假日季节应该是一年中最愉快和有趣的一段时光，但所有快乐的计划和期待可能变得更艰难、更有压力。
1．选B 本空位于段首，是该段的主题句，后面的例子讲的都是平时很少做或不愿意做的事情，因此该段的主题句应该是假期打破了常规，所以答案选B项。
2．选A 本空位于该段中间，起承上启下的作用，空处前讲的是有无打破常规的影响，空处后讲的是打破常规对“我”的影响，A项中的it照应上文中的it，指代的是that routine，A项中的me照应下文中的I。
3．选E 空前一句讲的是“我”经常感到“我”应该和大家去每一个地方，再结合“it's not selfish to take time for yourself”可知“我”没有和大家出去，故空处应表示“我”的愧疚，故E项符合语境，且E项中的giving照应本段最后一句中的not selfish。
4．选F 空前内容讲的是怎么放松自己，故F项“只做帮助你平静下来、使你从压力中得到休息的事情”符合语境，所以答案选F项。
5．选G 空前内容讲的是把所有时间花在取悦别人上不仅使人筋疲力尽，而且是不可能的，那么该怎么做呢，最后应该是提出建议，故G项“如果能为自己花一些时间，你会更好的陪伴周围的那些人”符合语境。所以答案选G项。
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Why do people like what they like? Scientists have taken on the task of solving this mystery for ages.In the 1960s, psychologist Robert Zajonc conducted a series of experiments where he showed people nonsense words and random shapes. Afterward he asked his subjects which they preferred out of everything they had been shown. In study after study, people always chose the words and shapes they had seen the most. Their preference was for familiarity.
This discovery was one of the most important findings in modern psychology. But the preference for familiarity has clear limits. People get tired of even their favorite songs and movies. On the one hand, humans seek familiarity, because it makes them feel safe. On the other hand, people love the thrill of something new. This change between familiarity and discovery affects us all the time — not just our preferences for pictures and songs, but also our preferences for ideas and even people.
For that reason, the power of familiarity seems to be strongest when a person isn't expecting it. The opposite is also true: A surprise seems to work best when it contains some familiarity. Nobody knows this better than Raymond Loewy, who is considered to be “the father of industrial design”. He had a theory that he said could help salespersons sell anything to anyone. He called it MAYA — “Most Advanced Yet Acceptable”. “To sell something surprising, make it familiar; and to sell something familiar, make it surprising，” he said.
One of Loewy's final tasks was to add an element (要素) of familiarity to a truly new invention: NASA's first space station. Loewy's biggest contribution to the space station was that he insisted NASA install a window with a view of Earth. Today, tens of millions of people have seen this small detail in films about astronauts. It is hard to imagine a more perfect example of MAYA: a window to a new world can also show you home.
参考范文：
After years of research, psychologist Robert Zajonc discovered that familiarity accounted for people's preference. (要点1) However, our preferences are always affected by the change between familiarity and discovery. (要点2) Raymond Loewy showed a full understanding of this and mentioned MAYA, a theory helping increase sales. (要点3) His design of a window in the NASA's first space station is considered a perfect example of the theory.(要点4)
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．rugby n． 橄榄球
2．bat n. 球拍；球棒
3．club n. 高尔夫球棒
4．net n. 网
5．ring n. 拳击台
6．tracksuit n. 运动服
7．trainer n. 运动鞋；教练员
8．brand n. 商标；牌子
9．logo n. (公司或组织的)标识；标志
10．sportswear n. 运动服装；休闲服装
11．slogan n. 标语
12．marathon n. 马拉松
13．ministry n. (政府的)部
14．ultimate adj. 最后的
15.final n． 决赛
16．dramatically adv. 戏剧性地
17．protest vi. 抗议
18．borough n. (自治)区
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．stadium n. 体育场，运动场
2．track n. 跑道
3．background n. 背景
4．guarantee vt. 保证
5．purchase vt. 购买
6．symbol n. 符号
7．score vi.& vt. 得分
8．quality n. 特性；品德；品性
9．victory n. 胜利
10．tough adj. 费力的；棘手的；困难的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．athletics n．田径运动→athlete n．运动员→athletic adj.体育的，运动的
2．retire vi.退休→retirement n．退休→retired adj.退休的
3．perform vi.表现→performer n．执行者；表演者→performance n．表现；表演
4．advantage n．优势；长处→disadvantage n．劣势；弱点
5．designer n．设计师→design vt.& n．设计
6．gymnast n．体操运动员→gym/gymnasium n．体育馆→gymnastics n．体操，体操训练
7．specific adj.具体的；特定的→specifically adv.明确地；准确地
8．champion n．冠军→championship n．冠军地位；锦标赛
9．declare vt.宣布→declaration n．宣言；声明
10．competitor n．竞争者；对手→compete v．竞赛；竞争→competition n．竞赛；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的
[语境活用]
1．He was the only champion who won world table tennis championship five times.(champion)
2．The advantage of cycling to work is that we can live a lowcarbon life while the disadvantage is that it wastes time.(advantage)
3．Tom is retiring next year, so he is asking Mr.Smith, a retired doctor, who is 80 years old, for some advice on how to spend the retirement life.(retire)
4．The performance given by this performer who often performed in public was a great success.(perform)
5．The designer,_who had designed a great number of famous works, said that most of his designs came from a sudden inspiration.(design)
6．The two athletes are competing for the gold medal.The result of the competition is hard to predict because the two competitors are both excellent and competitive.(compete)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.as_well_as 和……一样
2．make_a_list_of 列举
3．be_made_up_of 由……组成
4．on_the_increase 正在增加
5．have_an_advantage_over 比……有优势
6．vote_for 投票选举
7．after_all 毕竟；终归
8．of_all_time 有史以来
9．be_up_to_sb. 由某人决定
10．rise_to_one's_feet 站起身
1.Traffic accidents are on_the_increase as a result of the increase of private cars.
2．Men usually have_an_advantage_over women when hunting for jobs.
3．I want to know what she stands for before I vote_for her.
4．Confucius is respected by most Chinese as the greatest teacher of_all_time.
5．I saw two boys rising_to_their_feet at the same time to answer the question.
6．The man, as_well_as his wife and children, often sits on the sofa watching TV.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.
但即使是已经赢得了在自己运动项目上所能赢得的一切，李宁还是带着一种失败的感觉退了役。
even though“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
尽管金钱对于生活是必不可少的，但是它买不到幸福。
Even_though_money_is_necessary_to_life,_it can't buy happiness.
2.But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life.
但就是这种失败感使他决心在新的生活中取得成功。
“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that ...”强调句型。
正是在老师的帮助下我实现了我的抱负。
It was with my teacher's help that I achieved my ambition.
3.If you go into a school or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.
如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园，都有可能看到身穿印有那个熟悉标志的李宁运动服的学生们。
the chances are (that) ...“很可能……”。
如果你努力申请这份工作的话，你很有可能被录用。
If you make efforts in applying for the job, the_chances_are_(that)_you_will_be_employed.
二、课堂重点深化
1．perform v．表演，表现；运转；履行，执行
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①(2015·浙江高考)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it being_performed (perform) live is quite another.
②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)My classmates and I have decided to organize some wonderful singing and dancing performances (perform) for them, which will last about 3 hours.
补全句子
③The doctor will set out to_perform_the_operation,_so please keep calm.
医生就要开始做手术了，因此请保持镇静。
[系统归纳]
(1)perform one's duty/promise 履行职责/诺言
perform an experiment/operation 做实验/手术
(2)performance n． 表演，演出；表现；执行，履行
give/put on a performance 演出
(3)performer n． 执行者，表演者，演奏者，能手
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)另外，会有著名的艺术家现场表演如何剪纸。
In addition, there are famous artists who will perform_how_to_cut_paper on the spot.
僻义牢牢记
⑤(2015·天津高考)You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.执行
2．advantage n．优势；长处；优点，有利条件
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏高考书面表达)The advantages (advantage) and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related.
②He has the advantage of getting the job because his brother is the director of sales department.
③It might be to your advantage to take a computer course of some kind.
[系统归纳]
(1)take (full) advantage of (充分)利用
gain/win/have an advantage over sb. 比某人有优势；胜过，优于
to one's advantage＝to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利
have the advantage of (doing) sth. 有(做)……的有利条件
(2)disadvantage n. 劣势；不利条件
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④父母应该积极地督促孩子利用这个机会加入体育队。
Parents should actively urge their children to take_advantage_of_the_opportunity to join sports teams.
3．guarantee vt.保证；担保；为……作担保；使……必然发生 n．保证(书)；担保(物)；抵押品；保修单
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①We guarantee to_deliver (deliver) your goods within a week.
②The manufacturer gives us a guarantee that the iPad is_guaranteed (guarantee) for a year.
补全句子
③Even if you complete your training, I can't guarantee_you_a_job.
即使你完成了培训，我也无法保证你能有一份工作。
[系统归纳]
(1)guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
保证某人得到某物
(2)give sb.a guarantee 给某人保证/承诺
under guarantee 在保修期内
[重点强化]
佳句时时写(一句多译)
你能向我保证按时完工吗？
④Can you guarantee_to_me that the work will be finished on time？(guarantee v．)
⑤Can you give_me_a_guarantee that the work will be finished on time？(guarantee n．)
4．declare vt.宣布，宣称；宣告；声明
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Police have now declared war on/against drug dealers in the area.
②When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly against the policy, which made them unhappy.
③When the meeting was declared closed (close), all the people present got up and left.
[系统归纳]
declare war on/against 向……宣战
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对
declare sb.to be ... 宣布某人为……
declare ...open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
declare that ... 宣布……
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时，我又惊又喜。
When the teacher declared_me_to_be_the_winner_of_the_English_Speech_Contest,_I was surprised and pleased.
1．on the increase正在增加/长，在增大
[系统归纳]
(1)on the decrease/decline 在减少/衰退
on the rise 在上涨，在增长
(2)increase by ... 增加了……
increase to ... 增加到……
[重点强化]
单句语法填空
①The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005.
②The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons.
佳句时时写(词汇升级)
③The number of people who study Chinese has been rising in the past few years.
→The number of people who study Chinese has been on_the_increase/rise in the past few years.
2．rise to one's feet站起身
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①(2016·浙江高考)Jane jumped to her feet, waving her handmade flag and crying for help.
②Now that you have grown up, you must learn to stand on your own feet.
③I found an old man fell into a pool, but quickly he struggled to his feet.
[系统归纳]
jump/leap to one's feet 跳起来
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
stand on one's own feet 自立，经济上独立
set foot on/in 踏上/进入
[重点强化]
佳句时时写(词汇升级)
④At the end of the concert, the audience stood up to applaud and cheer.
→At the end of the concert, the audience rose_to_their_feet to applaud and cheer.
3．(the) chances are (that) ...
[教材原句] If you go into a school or university anywhere, the_chances_are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.
[自主体验]
①My application has been approved, and the_chances_are_that I will leave the company next month.
＝My application has been approved, and there_is_a_chance_that I will leave the company next month.
我的申请已经被批准了，我很可能下个月离开公司。
②There_is_no_chance_of doing business if you insist on that offer.
如果你们坚持那个报价，就不可能做成生意。
③(2016·四川高考)Chinese scientists recently had_a_chance_to_study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.
中国的科学家最近有个研究一只带着新生宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫的机会。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)(the) chances are (that) ...“很可能……”，句型中的the和that都可省略。表达此意时还可用there is a chance that ...句式。
(2)there's no chance of doing/to do sth./that ... “不可能……”。
(3)have a chance of doing/to do sth. “有做某事的机会”。
注意事项
(1)(the) chances are (that)句式中的chance只能用复数。
(2)possibility也可以表示可能性，构成句式There is a/no possibility to do/of doing/that ...
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)If you work hard at English, the chances are (that) you will pass the final exam.
②(增分要点句)There is no possibility that human beings will ever be controlled by robots.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“体育活动”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一) 体育项目
温故浅易词汇
①basketball ②football ③tennis④race ⑤swimming ⑥shooting
⑦high jump ⑧long jump
识记生疏词汇
①gymnastics n．体操 ②athletics n．田径
③relay n．接力 ④diving n．跳水
⑤weightlifting n．举重 ⑥boxing n．拳击(运动)
⑦court n．球场 ⑧track n．跑道
子话题(二) 体育比赛
温故浅易词汇
①event ②match ③competition ④performance ⑤win ⑥beat/defeat ⑦medal
识记生疏词汇
①cheer n．加油 ②laughter n．笑声
③platform n．平台 ④impressive adj.印象深刻的
⑤deserve vt.应得，应受 ⑥glory n．巨大的光荣，荣誉
⑦performance n．表现 ⑧competitive adj.有竞争力的
常用词块忆一忆
①field events 田赛项目
②track events 径赛项目
③swimming pool 游泳池
④diving platform 跳台
⑤sports talent 运动天赋
⑥sports meeting 运动会
⑦get first/second place 获得第一/二名
⑧starting/finishing line 起点/终点线
⑨in high spirits 精神抖擞；情绪高昂
⑩an unforgettable experience 难忘的经历
⑪participate in 参加；参与
⑫hard training 艰苦的训练
⑬pay off 有所回报
⑭a close game 一场势均力敌的比赛
⑮break the record 打破纪录
写作佳句背一背
①Sports are perhaps the most popular form of relaxation that almost all can enjoy.
②It's obvious that daily exercise is very beneficial to your health.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
读后续写情节发展合理化
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
An 80yearold man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45yearold highly educated son. Suddenly a crow (乌鸦) perched on their window.
The father asked his son, “What is this？”The son replied, “It is a crow.”
After a few minutes, the father asked his son the 2nd time,_“What is this？” The son said，“Father, I have just now told you ‘It's a crow.’”
After a little while, the old father again asked his son the 3rd time, “ What is this？”
At this time some expression of irritation was felt in the son's tone when he said to his father with a rebuff. “It's a cow, a cow.”
A little while later, the father again asked his son the 4th time, “What is this？”
This time the son shouted_at his father，“ Why do you keep asking me the_same_question again and again, although I have told you so many times ‘IT IS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this？”
A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old tattered diary, which he had maintained since his son was born.
On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page.
When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary：
“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied_to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question again and again for 23 times. I did not at all feel irritated but I rather felt affection for my innocent child.”
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
After reading the diary，
Paragraph 2：
Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father.
[写作步骤]
第一步：速读全文
文本大意：一位八十岁的老人和他的中年儿子坐在沙发上。同一个问题老人才问了三遍，儿子就已经十分恼怒和没耐心了；第四遍时，儿子已开始对他大吼了。伤心的父亲拿出一本破旧的日记让儿子读其中一页的内容：儿子小时候问了23 遍同一个问题，父亲仍然耐心解释。
叙述意图：文章告诉我们要像小时候父母爱我们一样去爱父母，善待父母就是善待明天的自己。
第二步：细读全文
1．所给短文情景模式分析。
who
son, father
what
An old man asked his son the same question for four times, and his son became very impatient. Later, the old man took out a diary written for his son.
when
not mentioned
where
in his house
why
Parents are usually patient with their children while their children are not.
2．对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。
★人物：son, father
★事件： time, the same question, diary
★动作与心理描写：shout at, irritation, affection, reply to, read
第三步：精心谋篇
1．Paragraph 1：After reading the diary，
看了日记之后，
[情节分析] 由短文大意以及文章最后的结尾部分可知这里是父子不同态度的对比，上文叙述了父亲让儿子看自己的日记，由续写内容第一段After reading the diary可知后面的内容应是儿子看了日记后的感受，以及对一些问题的思考。
2．Paragraph 2：Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father. 儿子感到非常羞愧，跪在父亲面前。
[情节分析] 注意关键词Feeling ashamed，由此可知儿子对自己的行为感到愧疚，所以下文中会为自己的行为道歉，然后向父亲保证以后好好对待父亲。
第四步：初写成文
Paragraph 1：
1．看了日记之后，儿子开始记起曾经和父亲坐在一起的日子，眼里满是泪水。
After reading the diary, the son began to remember the days when_he_used_to_sit_together with his father, his eyes filled with tears.
2．父亲将会耐心回答同一个问题23次，一点也不感到厌烦，而父亲同一个问题只问了他4次！
His father would_patiently_answer the same question all 23 times without feeling irritation while his father asked him the same question just 4 times!
3．儿子心想：如果我老了，儿子会怎么看我呢？
The son thought_to_himself:_If I attain old age, how will my son look at me?
4．他会认为我是一个负担吗？
Will he think_of me as a burden?
5．他会因为我的视力、听觉或理解力差而对我大喊大叫吗？
Will he shout_at me because of my poor sight, poor hearing or poor understanding?
Paragraph 2：
6．他向父亲道歉，恳求父亲原谅他的不良行为。
He made_an_apology_to his father, and begged his father to forgive him for his bad behavior.
7．他大声地说：“爸爸，我承诺让您永远幸福。”
He said aloud，“I promise_to_make you happy forever, Dad.”
8．您从我小时候起就一直关心我，给予我无私的爱。
You have cared for me ever_since_I_was_a_little_child,_showering your selfless affection on me.
9．为了我能上得起大学，您努力工作赚钱。
You worked hard to make money so that I could afford_to_go_to_university.
10．我要用最好的方式孝敬您。
I will serve you in_the_best_way.
第五步：润色升级
1．把要点1中的remember改为高级词汇。
remember→think_back_to
2．用分词短语作状语改写要点6。
He_made_an_apology_to_his_father,_begging_his_father_to_forgive_him_for_his_bad_behavior.
3．把要点8改为强调句式。
It_is_you_who_have_cared_for_me_ever_since_I_was_a_little_child,_showering_your_selfless_affection_on_me.
第六步：复查定稿
Paragraph 1：
After reading the diary, the son began to think back to the days when he used to sit together with his father,_his eyes filled with tears. His father would patiently answer the_same_question all 23 times without feeling irritation while his father asked him the same question just 4 times! The son thought to himself: If I attain old age, how will my son look at me? Will he think of me as a burden? Will he shout_at me because of my poor sight, poor hearing or poor understanding?
Paragraph 2：
Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father. He made an apology to his father, begging his father to forgive him for his bad behavior. He said aloud，“I promise to make you happy forever, Dad. It is you who have cared for me ever since I was a little child, showering your selfless affection on me. You worked hard to make money so that I could afford to go to university. I will serve you in the best way.”
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Both teams train for two hours a day and participate in competitions (竞赛) regularly.
2．(2016·浙江高考)In this article, you need to back up general statements with specific (具体的) examples.
3．Take this opportunity, and I guarantee (保证) that you won't regret it.
4．All people consider she is one of the most excellent champions (冠军) in history.
5．With a good command of both Chinese and English, she has a(n) advantage (优势) over other interviewees.
6．The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol (标志) of courage and power.
7．The chairman declared (宣布) the meeting open at 8：00 this morning.
8．When the worldfamous tennis player announced her retirement (退役), she couldn't help crying.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．If you want to have an advantage ❶over others in some fields, you should guarantee ❷to_take (take) great efforts.In some way, it's up ❸to you to decide whether you will succeed or not.
2．Because their products are ❶of high quality, the number of people ❷purchasing (purchase) the products is on ❸the increase.
3．As soon as her ❶performance (perform) in the singing ❷competition (compete) came to an end, every audience present rose ❸to their feet to give her a big applause.
4．Before ❶retirement (retire), he ❷had_scored (score) 200 goals.Now he acts as a ❸trainer (train), devoting himself to educating young children.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．你应该利用这次好机会练习你的英语口语。(advantage)
You should take_advantage_of_the_good_chance to practise your oral English.
2．这种洗衣机质量上乘，因此在全国销量很好。(quality)
This kind of washing machine is of_high_quality so that it sells well all over the country.
3．如果你住在农村，很可能听到过鸟儿在歌唱着迎接新的一天的到来。(the chances are that ...)
If you live in the country, the_chances_are_that_you_have_heard_birds_singing to welcome the new day.
4．即使你可能会失败，你也应该尽力去完成你的工作。(even though)
Even_though_you_might_fail,_you should try your best to finish your work.
5．不是兴趣而是市场需求影响着大学生的专业选择。(强调句型)
It_is_not_their_interest_but_the_need_of_the_market_that influences students' choices of college majors.
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
Pedestrianism, an early form of racewalking, was a(n) ❶extremely (extreme) popular sport in 18thand 19thcentury Britain, ❷attracting (attract) huge crowds of spectators (观众)．Individuals would either aim to walk a certain distance within a(n) ❸limited (limit) period of time or compete against other pedestrians.
Perhaps the most famous ❹walker (walk) was Captain Robert Barclay Allardice, whose extraordinary(非凡的) achievements earned him the ❺title (称号) of the “Celebrated Pedestrian”．The Scotsman's most memorable ❻performance (perform) took place in 1809, when he walked 1,000 miles in 1,000 hours for a bet of 1,000 guineas (an old British unit of money)．Many considered it unlikely that he would ❼complete_the_challenge (完成这次挑战), which required him to walk a mile an hour, for fortytwo days and nights.He proved them wrong, though the task was so ❽physically (身体上) demanding that by the end of the walk he had lost nearly fifteen kilos in weight.
Since the 20th century, interest in walking as a sport ❾has_dropped (drop)．Racewalking is still Olympic sport, but fails ❿to_catch (catch) the public attention as it did.
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
performance， impressive， cheer， sports meeting， unforgettable experience， opening parade， high jump， hard training， pay off， event
Last weekend our school held a ❶sports_meeting.Realizing it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an ❷unforgettable_experience for all of us.
We first attended the ❸opening_parade,_for which our class had made a lot of preparations.To our excitement, our parade ❹performance was a great success.After the parade, the games started.My classmates attended various ❺events such as running, ❻high_jump and long jump.Due to the ❼hard_training they had done before, their performances were very ❽impressive.On the stand, my classmates applauded and ❾cheered for the athletes, some raising their cameras to capture the exciting moments.Finally, the result was announced.It was amazing that our class won the second place.Our efforts ❿paid_off! Cup in hand, we took a picture together.
I believe this sports meeting will remain a precious memory for all of us as time goes by.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2016·浙江高考)Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best performance (perform) to this day.
2．(2015·北京高考)As a retired (retire) ear doctor, I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.
3．(2011·福建高考)My experience of owning a shop and working as a designer (design) in Colombia gave me confidence in my abilities.
4．(2011·重庆高考)Green Maps is not specifically (specific) intended for travelers.
5．(2011·福建高考)In one sense, that's a good thing.But it also has a disadvantage (advantage)．
6．(2011·浙江高考)In the more and more competitive (compete) service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用declare, retirement, advantage, perform填空)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)The story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club __47__ their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very idea of communicating without speaking attracted me.
performed
2．(2012·江苏高考完形填空)I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who really wants it.Computers can be shut down and mobile phones can be turned off.The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many __50__， as well as disadvantages.advantages
3．(2010·辽宁高考完形填空)As I found out, there is, in fact, often no perfect equivalence (对应) between two words in two languages.My aunt even goes so far as to __48__ that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the exact meaning of a word in English! Therefore, she insisted that I read the definition (定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.Gradually, I have come to see what she meant.declare
4．(2010·天津高考完形填空)Moody faces __34__ in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation fulltime.“I'm living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my community to give back，” Moody says.“If I teach a kid to fish today, he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow.”retirement
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：国家一直倡导全民健身运动，推进体育强国的建设。因此“体育精神”成为近年来的高考热点。伴随着2020年东京奥运会的即将举行和2022年中国冬奥会的申办成功，我们应多关注体育相关方面的话题与文章。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some hold an optimistic attitude.They value it highly, believing that it is a natural outcome of social progress and prosperity (繁荣) and that anyone who wants to be outstanding has to keep up with the pace.Others think otherwise.They say that competition is bad, that it sets one person against another and that it leads to the unfriendly relationship among people.
[2]I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth depended on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs.In their singleminded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
[3]However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others have an opposite opinion.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition.Among the_most_vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.They have no choice.Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail.They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success.By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they really try and lose, that will mean a lot.Such a loss would be a measure of their worth.Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves.Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs compared with others.Both are afraid of not being valued.Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (消除) can we discover a new meaning in competition.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了不同的人对竞争的不同观点，在结尾作者也给出了自己的看法。
1．What does this passage mainly talk about?
A．Competition helps to set up selfrespect.
B．Opinions about competition are different among people.
C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development.
D．Failure is a necessary experience in competition.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。从第一段可知，对于竞争的看法因人而异。第一段可视为主题段，以下的段落是围绕该主题展开的阐述，所以本文主要阐述了对竞争的不同观点。
2．Why are some people in favor of competition according to the passage?
A．It pushes society forward.
B．It builds up a sense of duty.
C．It improves personal abilities.
D．It encourages individual efforts.
解析：选A 推理判断题。从第一段第二、第三句可知，持乐观看法的人十分看重竞争，认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的自然产物，任何想脱颖而出的人得跟上(社会进步的)脚步。故可推断，这种人认为竞争可以推动社会进步。
3．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means __________.
A．those who try their best to win
B．those who value competition most highly
C．those who are against competition most strongly
D．those who rely on others most for success
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的“are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society”可知，这些年轻人遭受了来自他们父母或社会的竞争压力，他们应是“最强烈反对竞争的人”，故选C。上一句中的“strongly blame competition”也是提示。
4．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with “a desire to fail” ?
A．One's worth lies in his performance compared with others.
B．One's success in competition needs great efforts.
C．One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.
D．One's success is based on how hard he has tried.
解析：选A 细节理解题。从最后一段倒数第二、第三句可知，与其他的人相比，应付竞争的人与真正想竞争的人的观念相似，都把自尊依赖于竞争的表现上，故选A。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
主旨大意技法(5)——通过找主题句确定文章大意
主题句是最能概括说明中心思想的句子。我们在阅读中要想抓住文章或段落的中心思想，最简洁而且行之有效的方法就是找到主题句。
①主题句在段首。主题句通常位于段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。以主题句开头的段落最容易突出中心思想，对读者来说最容易把握作者的思路，而这就是英语文章中最常见的演绎法，在做论述文、科技文和新闻类题目时最容易见到。如上文的主题句就是文章首句，由此可知上文第1题答案。
②主题句在段尾。主题句出现在段尾是作者采用了先摆事实后作结论的手法。一般说来，当一种观点不易解释清楚，或不易被接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现，这种段落称作归纳型段落，这是英语文章中最常见的归纳法。
③主题句在中间。一般情况下，这种类型的文章的开头会对所讨论问题的背景进行交代，然后用一句概括、总结性的句子对前文进行总结，接着再围绕提出的主题展开深入的讨论。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019·福州市联考)If a city wants to hold the Olympics, it must submit a proposal to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated (淘汰), the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically, the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city's time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee — not the IOC or the NOC of the host city's country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues (收入), and corporate sponsorships, tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have gained amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. If the financial gains from the Games are less than expected, the city will be left with large debts.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程。
1．________ will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.
A．A city that submits a proposal
B．A majority winner in voting
C．A city that has perfect time zone
D．One that hasn't hosted the Games
解析：选B 细节理解题。第一段主要介绍了产生主办城市的规则，根据第一段第二、第三句“After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated (淘汰), the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined.”可知，在所有提案提交后，国际奥委会投票。如果没有得票最少的城市被淘汰，则投票继续，直到确定主办城市。据此可知，得票数最多的城市由国际奥委会确定为奥运会主办城市，故B项正确。
2．If the Games take place in Canada, American television networks ________.
A．will not pay for the Canadian television networks
B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events
C．can't broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours
D．are willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada ... because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.”可知，奥运会无论何时在美国或者加拿大举办，美国电视网络都愿意为电视转播权支付特别高的费用，因为他们可以在最佳观看时间直播受欢迎的(体育)赛事，故D项正确。
3．According to the last paragraph, which following statement is TRUE？
A．The host city must be left with large debts.
B．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games.
C．The city may gain a lot of money.
D．It is impossible that the host city couldn't make money.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，主办城市能获得奥运会电视转播、企业赞助等收入，故主办城市可能会获得许多资金，故C项正确。
4．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．Winner or loser
B．Applying for host for the Olympics
C．How to host the Olympic Games
D．The Olympic Games
解析：选B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程：先向国际奥委会提交提案，国际奥委会根据规则和实际情况投票选择主办城市，一旦确定主办城市，则该城市应积极准备。故B项最适合作本文的标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·福州市高中毕业班质检)The holiday season is supposed to be the most festive and fun time of the year, but all those plans and expectations of joy can turn tougher and more stressful than they sound.This is especially true for those of us who struggle with mental illness.
__1__ Sometimes you're forced to spend time with family you rarely see and don't always get along with.Or you are off from work, with more time to think troubling thoughts.Or you are put into party situations that you don't like.
When you have a routine, it's easier to manage whatever mental struggles you may face, and when that routine is broken, it can trigger (引发) things you may not be ready to face.__2__ It was during the holidays that I hit a low moment and, with the help of my mother, decided to seek help for my eating disorder.
During the holidays, I often feel as if I were supposed to be everywhere with everyone.__3__ To fight this, I've developed a mantra (咒语): it's not selfish to take time for yourself.
Take a walk in nature.Talk to a friend you trust.Sit out one of the holiday gatherings in favor of some personal time.__4__
Trying to spend all of your time pleasing everyone else is not only exhausting — it's impossible.And you know what？__5__
A．I know it has for me.
B．The holidays break your routine.
C．There are many things crowding in your mind.
D．I will accompany my friends to go wherever they like.
E．I have the added guilt of knowing it's the season of giving.
F．Just do whatever helps you calm down and gives you a break from the stress.
G．If you take a little time for yourself, you will be a much better company for those around you.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。假日季节应该是一年中最愉快和有趣的一段时光，但所有快乐的计划和期待可能变得更艰难、更有压力。
1．选B 本空位于段首，是该段的主题句，后面的例子讲的都是平时很少做或不愿意做的事情，因此该段的主题句应该是假期打破了常规，所以答案选B项。
2．选A 本空位于该段中间，起承上启下的作用，空处前讲的是有无打破常规的影响，空处后讲的是打破常规对“我”的影响，A项中的it照应上文中的it，指代的是that routine，A项中的me照应下文中的I。
3．选E 空前一句讲的是“我”经常感到“我”应该和大家去每一个地方，再结合“it's not selfish to take time for yourself”可知“我”没有和大家出去，故空处应表示“我”的愧疚，故E项符合语境，且E项中的giving照应本段最后一句中的not selfish。
4．选F 空前内容讲的是怎么放松自己，故F项“只做帮助你平静下来、使你从压力中得到休息的事情”符合语境，所以答案选F项。
5．选G 空前内容讲的是把所有时间花在取悦别人上不仅使人筋疲力尽，而且是不可能的，那么该怎么做呢，最后应该是提出建议，故G项“如果能为自己花一些时间，你会更好的陪伴周围的那些人”符合语境。所以答案选G项。
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Why do people like what they like? Scientists have taken on the task of solving this mystery for ages.In the 1960s, psychologist Robert Zajonc conducted a series of experiments where he showed people nonsense words and random shapes. Afterward he asked his subjects which they preferred out of everything they had been shown. In study after study, people always chose the words and shapes they had seen the most. Their preference was for familiarity.
This discovery was one of the most important findings in modern psychology. But the preference for familiarity has clear limits. People get tired of even their favorite songs and movies. On the one hand, humans seek familiarity, because it makes them feel safe. On the other hand, people love the thrill of something new. This change between familiarity and discovery affects us all the time — not just our preferences for pictures and songs, but also our preferences for ideas and even people.
For that reason, the power of familiarity seems to be strongest when a person isn't expecting it. The opposite is also true: A surprise seems to work best when it contains some familiarity. Nobody knows this better than Raymond Loewy, who is considered to be “the father of industrial design”. He had a theory that he said could help salespersons sell anything to anyone. He called it MAYA — “Most Advanced Yet Acceptable”. “To sell something surprising, make it familiar; and to sell something familiar, make it surprising，” he said.
One of Loewy's final tasks was to add an element (要素) of familiarity to a truly new invention: NASA's first space station. Loewy's biggest contribution to the space station was that he insisted NASA install a window with a view of Earth. Today, tens of millions of people have seen this small detail in films about astronauts. It is hard to imagine a more perfect example of MAYA: a window to a new world can also show you home.
参考范文：
After years of research, psychologist Robert Zajonc discovered that familiarity accounted for people's preference. (要点1) However, our preferences are always affected by the change between familiarity and discovery. (要点2) Raymond Loewy showed a full understanding of this and mentioned MAYA, a theory helping increase sales. (要点3) His design of a window in the NASA's first space station is considered a perfect example of the theory.(要点4)
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