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2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮复习外研新课改省份专用讲义：写作第二讲句式营造亮点14法
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第二讲 句式营造亮点14法
扮亮句式(一) 作文若不劣——学会“越来越”
在英语写作中，我们见证了太多的“越”。你是否会因岁月的流逝，知识的沉淀而对这些迷人的“越”驾轻就熟了呢？先看以下例句：
A growing number of students are faced with a bigger and bigger problem.Namely, with the College Entrance Examination approaching, they grow more and more nervous and anxious.To their despair, however, the more nervous and anxious they are, the less progress they make.
上面语段可译为：越来越多的学生正面临着一个越来越大的问题。随着高考临近，他们变得越来越紧张、焦躁。然而，让他们绝望的是，他们越紧张、焦躁，他们取得的进步就越小。
句中出现了三处“越来越……”和一处“越……，就越……”，充分体现出了那些“越……”的无上妙用，让人读后回味无穷。
1．说到“越来越……”，大家的脑海里很快就会浮现出这样的模式：比较级＋比较级。若修饰名词或是双音节和多音节的形容词或副词，我们常用more and more/less and less＋adj./adv./n.。
It comes as no surprise that customers are more and more demanding towards products and service.
不可否认，顾客对产品和服务质量的要求越来越高。
2．若使用growingly/increasingly来替代more and more，用decreasingly来替代less and less，则更显过人之处。同样，“越来越多的……”可使用a growing/an increasing number of ...，“越来越少的……”可使用a declining/decreasing number of ...。
①Recently, I found it increasingly hard to breathe in clean air.
最近，我发现呼吸干净的空气越来越难了。
②A growing number of people realize the importance of environmental protection.
越来越多的人意识到环境保护的重要性。
[应用体验1] 补全句子
①毋庸置疑，随着时间的流逝，选手间的竞争越来越激烈了。
There is no denying that the_competition_among_competitors_is_increasingly fierce_with_time_going_by.
②使我生气的是，那个店员对我越来越不耐烦了。
What made me angry was that the_shop_assistant_became_decreasingly_patient_with_me.
③现在，越来越少的人会无视污染的严重性。
Nowadays, a_declining_number_of_people_will_ignore_the_seriousness_of_pollution.
3．“The more ..., the more ...”表示“越……，就越……”。“the more”可以是形容词或副词的比较级，也可后接名词。若想表达否定含义，则改为“the less”。
As far as I'm concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, the more equipped for life you are.
就我而言，教育就是学习，你学得越多，你为将来的生活准备得就越好。
[应用体验2] 补全句子
①不要泄气。你应该要相信你学习越刻苦，取得的进步就越大。
Don't lose heart. You should believe the harder you study, the_greater_progress_you_will_make.
②起初我以为我明白了老师所说的，但是他越解释我就越迷惑。
At first I thought I understood what my teacher said, but the_more_he_explained,_the_more_confused_I_became.
③你越小心，你犯的错就会越少。
The more careful you are, the_fewer_mistakes_you_will_make.
④你给予别人的越多，你从别人那里得到的就越多。
The_more_you_give_to_others,_the more you will get from them.
⑤众所周知，网上购物已经变得越来越流行了。
Shopping on the Internet is more_and_more popular, as is known to all.
[专题过关训练]
翻译句子
1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)你对中国传统文化了解越多，你就对它越感兴趣。
The_more_you_know_about_traditional_Chinese_culture,_the_more_you_are_interested_in_it.
2．我对此了解越多，就越想成为夏令营的一员。
The_more_I_learn_about_it,_the_more_anxious_I_am_to_be_a_member_of_the_Summer_Camp.
3．目前，越来越少的学生对在英国学习英语不感兴趣。
Currently,_a_decreasing_number_of_students_show_no_interest_in_learning_English_in_Britain.
4．当然，你越快交稿越好。
Of_course,_the_sooner_you_hand_in_your_article,_the_better_it_will_be.
5．随着精神状态越来越差，我鼓起勇气向您求助。
With_my_mental_state_getting_worse_and_worse,_I_gathered_all_my_courage_to_turn_to_you_for_help.
6．一个人书读得越多就会变得越明智。
The_more_a_person_reads,_the_wiser_he_will_become.
扮亮句式(二) 简洁明了，意犹未尽——省略结构
英语中为了避免重复，句子中的某些部分可以省略，从而让文章显得紧凑自然。省略句在写作中的巧妙运用是书面表达得高分的助力，应当得到重视。
写作中常见的省略有下列几种情况：
1．在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句和though, although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的“主语＋be动词”部分。
①Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
年轻的时候要努力学习，否则你会后悔。
②Unless (he is) invited, he won't come.
除非邀请他，否则他不会来。
③If (it is) possible, I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
如果可能的话，我将去探望市里的几家敬老院。
[应用体验1] 用省略结构完成下列句子
①除非有必要，否则你最好不要查词典。
Unless_necessary,_you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
②我有困难时总是向她求助。
When_in_trouble,_I always turn to her for help.
③最大的海洋与整个地球的大小比较起来算不了什么。
When_compared_with_the_size_of_the_whole_earth,_the biggest ocean doesn't seem big at all.
④吃饭时，一些有天赋的学生表演了精彩的民间舞蹈，这使老人非常高兴。
While_enjoying_the_meal,_some talented students gave a wonderful folk dance performance, making the elderly very happy.
2．两个并列句中，后一个分句中与前一分句中相同的部分常省略。
①My brother is a doctor and my sisterinlaw (is) a lawyer.
我哥哥是医生，我嫂子是律师。
②Many players believe table tennis is not only a physical game but (table tennis is) a psychological competition as well.许多选手认为，乒乓球不仅是体力竞赛，也是心理较量。
3．在限制性定语从句中，关系代词that, which, whom充当宾语，而且前面无介词时可省略。
①He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见到的那个人。
②He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday.
他丢了他昨天买的那块表。
4．单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish等词后；或放在表示情绪的某些形容词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad, happy, pleased等，但是，如果不定式中含有be, have, have been时，则要保留be, have, have been。
①—Will you please look after my house when I'm away?
—I'm glad to (look after your house when you're away)．
——当我不在时，你能照看一下我家吗？
——我愿意。
②Your work hasn't been handed in, but it ought to have been.
你的工作还没有交上来，但是本应该交上来了。
[应用体验2] 用省略结构完成下列句子
①我们的家乡不再是以前的样子了。
Our hometown is no_longer_what_it_used_to_be.
②那就是我想要读的那本书。
That is the_book_I_want_to_read.
③——你介意照看我的猫吗？
——不，我愿意。
—Would you mind looking after my cat?
—No,_I'd_love_to.
④有些书需细细品味，有些书浅尝即可。
Some books are to be tasted, and others_to_be_swallowed.
⑤我不想去那里，但是我不得不去。
I didn't want to go there, but I_had_to.
[专题过关训练]
用省略结构补全句子
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果这样的话，请到教学楼二楼的学生会办公室报名。
If_so,_please go to sign up at the Students' Union office, which is on the second floor of the Teaching Building.
2．(2017·6月浙江高考书面表达)按照计划，我们早上7点将在学校大门口乘公共汽车出发。
As_planned,_we will leave by bus at 7：00 a．m. at the school gate.
3．如果你被录取做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。
If_accepted_for_the_job,_you'll be informed soon.
4．当我沿着马路走时，听到有人喊我的名字。
While_walking_along the street, I heard my name called.
5．我们将去野餐，但在什么时候什么地点还没定下来。
We will go for a picnic, but when_and_where_hasn't_been_decided_yet.
6．——你完成作业了吗？
——是的，完成了。
—Have you finished your work?
—Yes, I_have.
扮亮句式(三) 话多话少不如来个强调——强调结构
在信息传递中，有一些信息是与众不同的，不要“重要的话说三遍”，那太“LOW”了。在写作中，我们可以通过使用强调句型将句子提高到一个新的档次。
强调句型可强调除谓语动词和表语外的其他任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。强调句型的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果，突出要强调的重点，更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力。其基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。
(2018·天津高考书面表达)It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us.
不仅是你的热情，你的团队合作和良好的精神状态也给我们留下了深刻的印象。
1．It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分．
(2017·6月浙江高考写作)It is because it's a good chance for you to learn the natural knowledge of China and make new friends that we really wish you can join us.
正是因为它是你学习中国的自然知识和结交新朋友的好机会，所以我们真的希望你能加入我们。
2．Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
Was it in that park that the children saw the strange green objects?
孩子们是在那个公园里看见了那些奇怪的绿色物体吗？
3．特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher?
你是什么时候下定决心要当一名志愿者老师的？
4．It is/was not until ...that ...“直到……才……”
It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.
直到三十分钟后到家时他才发现他的包落在出租车里了。
5．强调谓语动词时，用助动词do/does/did，且只能对肯定句的一般现在时和一般过去时进行强调。
(2018·北京高考书面表达)We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future.
我们确实希望今后有更多有意义的活动。
[专题过关训练]
Ⅰ.用强调句型补全句子
1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)虽然在中国喝茶的传统能追溯到公元前3 000年，但是在17世纪中期英国才出现下午茶的概念。
Although the tradition of drinking tea dates back to 3,000 BC in China, it_was_not_until_the_mid17th_century_in_the_UK_that appeared the concept of “afternoon tea”．
2．(2017·6月浙江高考写作)正是由于他们的帮助，才避免了一场灾难。
It_was_because_of_their_help_that a disaster was avoided.
3．(2016·北京高考书面表达)正是他的不懈努力使得中国逐渐发生变化。
It_was_his_continuous_efforts_that caused China to change gradually.
4．你是在哪儿捡到这个钱包的？
Where_was_it_that you picked up the wallet?
5．是因为被困在交通堵塞中你才来晚的吗？
Was_it_because_you_were_stuck_in_the_traffic_jam_that you came late?
6．我确实珍惜这个受教育的机会。
I do_cherish/value_the_opportunity to get educated.
7．正是用真诚和诚信我们创造了一种和谐的气氛。
It_was_with_sincerity_and_faithfulness_that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
8．我的经历告诉我不是你被给予了什么而是你如何利用它决定着你是谁。
My experience tells me that it_is_not_what_you_are_given_but_how_you make_use_of_it_that determines who you are.
9．据我所知，可能赢这次竞赛的人是你。
As far as I am concerned, it_is_you_who/that_are_likely_to_win_the_contest.
10．直到进入高中我才意识到英语的重要性。
It_was_not_until_I_entered_senior_high_school_that I realized the importance of English.
Ⅱ.利用所学的强调句型，结合中文提示补全短文
Dear Mr and Mrs Johnson,
1．It_is_from_my_home_in_China_that_I'm_writing_to_you (我是从中国的家里写信给你)．I returned home safe and sound.When I think of the wonderful two weeks I spent in Birmingham, England, 2.it_is_both_of_you_that/who (正是你们两人) I just can't help thinking of.It was so kind of you to have provided everything to make my staying there such a happy and lucky experience.I've learned so much, not only English but also culture.And 3.I_did_enjoy (我的确很享受) the fun and laughter we shared with each other.Thank you very much.I'll always remember this trip as well as your kindness.
I'll keep in touch and write to you later.4.Do_take_care (一定要保重)!
Yours，
Li Hua
扮亮句式(四) 反其道而行之——倒装结构
在英语写作中，倒装句型应用比较广泛，我们可以通过倒装让句子更高级，强调我们要传达的信息，给文章增色。涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。
1．“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Only when you come to China can you experience Chinese food cultures.
只有来到中国，你才能体验中国的饮食文化。
2．none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及表示否定意义的介词短语如at no time, by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
Hardly/No sooner had we arrived at the activity center when/than we signed up to participate in the Walking Contest.
我们一到达活动中心就报名参加了健步走比赛。
3．在so/such ...that ...结构中，当so/such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
(2018·天津高考书面表达)So interested in the competition are some of my classmates and I that we have formed a group to take part in it.我和我的一些同学对比赛非常感兴趣，以至于我们组织了一个小组来参加比赛。
4．as/though引导的让步状语从句中通常使用倒装语序。
Poor as/though he was, he never got discouraged easily.
尽管他很穷，但他从未轻易沮丧。
5．在含有had, should, were等的虚拟条件状语从句中，若省略连词if，则可将它们移到主语前构成部分倒装。
①Were I two years younger, I wouldn't do it that way.
如果我年轻两岁，我是不会那样做的。
②Looking back, I feel I wouldn't be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.
回顾以往，我感觉如果我失去了信心就学不会骑自行车了。
6．here, there, now, then, out, in, around, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。
①Here are my tips for you.这是我给你的建议。
②In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit three students.
在那幅画中，三个学生围坐在桌子周围，桌子上有三本书。
③For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起喊叫的声音。
[专题过关训练]
Ⅰ.用倒装句型补全句子
1．面对这样的困难你绝不能失去信心。
By_no_means_should_you_lose_heart in the face of such difficulty.
2．虽然有些问题我似乎不熟悉，但很容易回答。
Unfamiliar_though/as_some_of_the_questions_seem_to_me，they are easy to answer.
3．我们学校前面有一棵1 000年树龄的大树。
In_front_of_our_school_stands_a_tall_tree with a history of 1,000 years.
4．如果你早到五分钟，你就能为他们送行了。
Had_you_arrived_five_minutes_earlier,_you could have seen them off.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)剪纸是如此迷人和生动，我想你可能会对它感兴趣。
So_attractive_and_alive_is_papercutting_that I think you could be interested in it.
6．(2016·浙江高考写作)事实上，只有通过不断地行动，不断地调整计划，我们才能达到我们的最终目标。
Actually, only by getting moving and constantly adjusting the plan can_we_achieve_our_final_goal.
7．虽然是个孩子，戴安娜能做到很多成年人做不到的事。
Child_as/though_she_is,_Diana can do things most adults can't.
8．山脚下流淌着一条美丽而清澈的河流。
At_the_foot_of_the_mountain_flows a beautiful and clean river.
9．如果他来的话，叫他打电话给我。
Should_he_come,_tell him to ring me up.
10．直到那时，我才意识到语言的影响力可以是积极的，也可以是消极的。
Not_until_then_did_I_realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.
Ⅱ.利用倒装句型，结合提示补全短文
In front of my home 1.lies_a_mountain (有座山), which is very high.
2．Never_will_I_forget (我永远不会忘记) the first time I climbed the mountain with my father.The sky was clear and the sun was shining brightly.3.So_fast_did_my_father_walk (我父亲走得如此快) that he was far ahead of me.Not until he stopped to wait for me 4.did_I_catch_up_with_him (我赶上他).5.Tired_as/though_I_was (尽管我很累), I didn't give up. When reaching the top, we felt a sense of achievement.
6．So_is_the_life (生活也是这样)．We shouldn't give up halfway, however great the difficulty is.Only in this way 7.can_we_succeed (我们才能成功)．
扮亮句式(五) 肯定不如双否好——双重否定
否定加否定变成强烈的肯定，在英语作文中，用得恰到好处，一定会让你的作文成功逆袭，收到出奇制胜的效果。
1．双重否定的构成形式：no/not/never/nothing ...＋否定的实词或虚词
①I would not have overcome the difficulties in my trip without the encouragement and support of my companion.
没有同伴的鼓励和支持，我就不会克服旅行中的这些困难。
②You can not make something out of nothing.
巧妇难为无米之炊。
③No way is impossible to courage.
勇者不会有绝路。
④It is our duty to protect the environment because we can't live without a good environment.
保护环境是我们的职责，因为没有好的环境我们无法生存。
[应用体验1] 翻译句子
①没有调查就没有发言权。
There_is_no_right_to_speak_without_investigation.
②没有热情，将一事无成。
Nothing_great_was_ever_achieved_without_enthusiasm.
③对一个有决心的人来说，没有什么是不可能的。
Nothing_is_impossible_to_a_determined_person.
④没有这个老人的抚养，这个孤儿难以过上幸福生活。
The_orphan_can't_live_a_happy_life_without_being_brought_up_by_the_old_man.
2．never/not＋fail to do sth.和never/not miss sth.
①As long as you discover, you will not miss the nice things in life.只要你去发现，你就不会错过生活中的美好。
②The sights of Hangzhou never fail to impress foreign tourists, making them abandon themselves to the beauty of the city.杭州的景色让外国游客印象深刻，使他们纵情于这座城市的美景中。
[应用体验2] 翻译句子
①(2018·6月浙江高考写作)如果有幸被选为志愿者，我绝不会失职。
I_will_never_fail_to_perform_my_duty,_if_I_have_the_honor_to_be_chosen_as_a_volunteer.
②有些记忆长存，且总是带给我们温暖的感觉。
Some_memories_always_stay_with_us_and_never_fail_to_bring_us_warm_feelings.
③我从来不错过提高英语技能的机会。
I_never_miss_a_chance_of_improving_my_English_skills.
④我们决不会辜负父母对我们的期望。
We_will_never_fail_to_live_up_to_what_our_parents_expect_of_us.
3．There is no denying that/It can't be denied that＋句子(不可否认)/There is no doubt that＋句子(毫无疑问)
①There is no denying/It can't be denied that special attention must be paid to the problem of water shortage.
不可否认，一定要特别重视水资源短缺问题。
②There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问，我们的教育制度有待改进。
[应用体验3] 翻译句子
①毫无疑问，玛丽在演讲比赛中表现得相当出色。
There_is_no_doubt_that_Mary_performed_well_in_the_speaking_competition.
②不可否认，我们的生活质量已经得到很大改善。
There_is_no_denying/It_can't_be_denied_that_the_quality_of_our_living_has_been_greatly_improved.
[专题过关训练]
翻译句子
1．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)不可否认，这些消费排名可能给消费者带来方便，但它们也常常会是误导和不可靠的。
There_is_no_denying_that_such_ratings_might_bring_convenience_to_consumers,_but_they_are_often_misleading_and_unreliable.
2．这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔杂物很常见，这给生活和环境带来了严重损害。
These_days,_breaking_traffic_rules_and_littering_are_not_uncommon,_causing_serious_harm_to_life_and_environment.
3．对大部分人来说，没有鼠标操作计算机几乎不可能，更不用说上网。
For_most_people,_it's_almost_impossible_to_operate_a_computer_without_a_mouse,_let_alone_surf_the_Internet.
4．似乎很多人没有电视、手机和网络不能玩得很开心。
It_seems_that_many_people_cannot_enjoy_themselves_without_TV,_cellphones_or_the_Internet.
5．可以肯定地说，没有微笑，我们的生活会黯淡无光，步履维艰。
It_is_safe_to_say_that_without_smile_our_life_would_be_colorless_and_difficult.
6．几乎每个人对生活的态度都受到了互联网的影响。
There_was_hardly_a_man_or_a_woman_whose_attitude_towards_life_was_not_affected_by_the_Internet.
7．显然，没有全社会的帮助就不会有今天的新学校。
Obviously,_without_the_help_of_the_whole_society,_there_would_be_no_new_schools_today.
扮亮句式(六) 小介词，大用途——with/without复合结构
写作时，我们可以利用with/without复合结构让句子结构紧凑，言简意明。若能合理利用，“好处”多多，不容小觑。
①(2016·北京高考书面表达)As the Earth Day was approaching, a lot of posters were put up around our school to call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
→With the Earth Day approaching, a lot of posters were put up around our school to call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.随着“地球日”的临近，我们学校里张贴了许多海报，号召我们加入到绿色地球的行动中来。
②In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table and there are a pile of bamboo books on it.
→In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table with a pile of bamboo books on it.在图画中，一个穿着破旧衣服的男孩坐在木桌旁边，桌上有一堆竹简。
此结构由“介词with或without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，可在句中作定语和状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分宾语补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
with/without结构构成方式如下：
(1)with或without＋名词/代词＋形容词
(2)with或without＋名词/代词＋副词
(3)with或without＋名词/代词＋介词短语
(4)with或without＋名词/代词＋动词不定式
(5)with或without＋名词/代词＋分词
①She came into the room, with her nose red because of cold.(with＋名词＋形容词)
她走进房间，因为天气冷鼻子通红。
②With the meal over, we all went home.(with＋名词＋副词)
吃完饭后，我们都回家了。
③The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm.(with＋名词＋介词短语)
胳膊下夹着一根尺子，大师走来走去。
④He could not finish the work without me to help him.(without＋代词＋不定式)
没有我帮他，他不可能完成这项工作。
⑤She fell asleep with the light burning.(with＋名词＋现在分词)
灯亮着，她睡着了。
⑥The conference hurriedly finished without a single agreement reached.(without＋名词＋过去分词)
会议很快就结束了，没达成任何一个协议。
[专题过关训练]
用with/without复合结构补全句子
1．我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
I sat in my room for a few minutes with_my_eyes_fixed_on_the_ceiling.
2．士兵让他背朝着他父亲站在那儿。
The soldier had him stand with_his_back_to_his_father.
3．没有任何话要说，他离开了教室。
Without_any_word_to_say,_he left the classroom.
4．(2018·11月浙江高考写作)这是一个蓝色的皮革钱包，里面有1 000多美元，我的身份证和我的护照。
It is a blue leather purse with_over_$1,000,_my_ID_card_and_my_passport_in_it.
5．(2017·11月浙江高考写作)随着春节来临，准备是必要的。
With_the_Spring_Festival_approaching,_the preparation is necessary.
6．(2016·北京高考书面表达)做完所有的工作后，我们去了附近的社区，把它们分发给了住在那里的人们。
With_all_the_work_done,_we went to the nearby neighbourhood and gave them to the people living there.
7．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)有更多的人参加投票，结果会更客观、可靠。
With_more_people_taking_part_in_the_voting,_the result will be more objective and reliable.
8．随着社会的快速发展，我们有必要掌握好英语和计算机知识。
With_the_society_developing_rapidly,_it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.
9．没人注意，他从后门溜走了。
Without_anyone_noticing_him,_he slipped out from the back door.
10．因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
With_a_lot_of_homework_to_do,_I can't go skating with you.
扮亮句式(七) 不比不知道，一比语更高——倍数和比较句型
表示倍数和比较的句型相对较多，在写作中灵活运用这些句型有利于提升文章的档次，会让你的作文与众不同。
1．英语中常见的4种倍数表达法：
(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B
(2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B
(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, weight, length ...)＋of B
(4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句
①The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.
→The red ruler is three times longer than the yellow one.
→The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.
这把红尺子是黄尺子的三倍长。
②The population now in this village is five times what it was ten years ago.
现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。
2．the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...“越……，就越……”
The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.
老师做得越少，学生就做得越多，他们学会的就越多。
3．比较级＋than＋any other＋名词单数 ...“比任何其他的都……”
Mike is more hardworking than any other student in the class.
迈克比班里其他的任何一个同学都勤奋。
4．prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
(1)prefer sth.to sth. 喜欢……而不喜欢……
prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth. 宁愿做……而不愿做……
①Nowadays many children prefer surfing the Internet at home to taking exercise outdoors.
如今许多孩子宁可待在家里上网，也不愿意到户外进行锻炼。
②After all, all kids prefer to be praised rather than be scolded.
＝After all, all kids would be praised rather than be scolded.
＝After all, all kids would rather be praised than be scolded.
＝After all, all kids prefer being praised to being scolded.
毕竟，所有的孩子都喜欢被表扬而不是被批评。
5．be senior/junior to“比……年长/年龄小；(地位或级别等)比……高/低”
Mr Liu is three years senior to me, and he is also senior to me in our company.
刘先生比我大三岁，在公司里级别也比我高。
[专题过关训练]
用倍数和比较句型补全句子
1．我们的城市已经发展成了一个大城市，是原来的四倍大。
Our city has developed into a big one, which is four_times_as_big_as_it_used_to_be.
2．中国比亚洲的其他任何一个国家都大，也比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
China is larger_than_any_other_country in Asia and also larger_than_any_country in Africa.
3．你听和读得越多，你写和说得就越好。
The_more_you_listen_and_read,_the better you write and speak.
4．虽然他比我地位低，但却分配到一辆公司汽车。
He's been given a company car, even though he's_junior_to_me.
5．她更喜欢和我们一起去而不愿独自留下。
①She preferred_to_go_with_us_rather_than_stay behind alone.(prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.)
②She would_rather_go_with_us_than_stay behind alone.(would rather do sth.than do sth.)
③She would_go_with_us_rather_than_stay behind alone.(would do sth.rather than do sth.)
6．引进新技术后，今年汽车的产量是去年的两倍。
After the new technique was introduced, the production of cars this year is twice_as_much_as_that_of_last_year.
7．我宁愿去探个究竟，也不愿坐在这儿等待。
Rather than sit here waiting, I prefer_to_go_to_find_out what on earth has happened.
8．汤姆比安妮年轻，但他比玛丽年长。三个人中他是中间的。
Tom is younger than Ann, but he_is_senior_to Mary. Of the three he is the middle.
9．肯尼亚四处干旱炎热，其面积是英国的两倍多。
Kenya, a land more than twice_the_size_of Britain, is everywhere parched.(size)
10．据报道，美国消耗的能源是整个欧洲的两倍。
It is reported that the United States uses twice_as_much_energy_as the whole of Europe. (as ...as)
扮亮句式(八) 彰显您的不一般——玩转“主动表被动”
高中英语学习中，时常可见一些不太好理解的语法现象，给高中生增加了难度，“主动表被动”就是其中的一个例子。若能熟练驾驭，必能为你的写作增光添彩。常见的“主动表被动”现象主要有以下几种：
1．动词不定式to do中的主动表被动
(1)主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do；此种句型可扩展为：
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋形容词＋to do
The essay is hard to understand.
→I found the essay hard to understand.
我觉得这篇文章很难理解。
(2)主语＋谓语＋宾语＋to do；扩展句型体现在with引导的复合结构中：With＋名词＋to do＋主句
Bill had an urgent meeting to attend. Bill was extremely anxious.
→With an urgent meeting to attend, Bill was extremely anxious.
有一个紧急会议要召开，比尔焦虑万分。
(3)There be＋名词＋to do
Michael got pretty worried, for there is an important guest to meet.迈克尔特别担忧，因为有一个重要的客户要见。
(4)主语＋be to blame(应受责备，应该负责)，be to let(可以出租)。
I wonder who is to blame for the missing cheese?
我想知道谁应该为丢失的奶酪负责？
[应用体验1] 补全句子
①所有的店员都很难相处，这对你们的声誉极其有害。
All_the_shop_assistants_are_hard_to_get_along_with,_which does great harm to your reputation.
②谁该为日益恶化的空气质量负责？
Who_is_to_blame_for the worsening air quality?
2．动名词doing中的主动表被动
(1)主语＋want/need/require/deserve/worth＋doing
Look at your flowers! They need watering.
瞧你的花儿！它们需要浇水了。
(2)主语＋be worth doing
Recently, there is something wrong with students' mental health, which is worth attaching importance to.
最近，学生们的心理健康出了问题，这值得重视。
[应用体验2] 补全句子
①说实话，你们的产品质量真的需要改进。
To be frank, the_quality_of_your_product_really_needs_improving.
②这儿的美无法用言语表达，值得再次去游玩。
The beauty here is beyond description and it_is_worth_visiting_again.
3．表状态、属性等特征的动词中的主动表被动
(1)主语＋谓语动词(不及物动词)＋副词。在此类“主动表被动”的结构中，表示属性的动词有write, sell, wash, burn, cook, use等。
The book sells well overseas.这本书海外销路很好。
(2)主语＋can't/won't＋谓语动词(不及物动词)。一些诸如work, open, move, shut, act, lock, wear等表状态的不及物动词，和can't/won't搭配使用时，往往带有各种感情色彩。
Damn! The door won't open.该死！门打不开了。
[应用体验3] 补全句子
①获得诺贝尔文学奖后，莫言的书很畅销。
Mo_Yan's_books_sold_well after he won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
②帮我一下好吗？我的电脑不能正常工作了。
Can you do me a favor? My_computer_won't_work.
[专题过关训练]
用“主动表被动”结构翻译句子
1．有一些紧急事件要处理，我只有向你求助。
With_some_emergency_to_deal_with,_I_had_no_choice_but_to_turn_to_you.
2．毫无疑问，在我们的合作下，中国结销量将会很好。
It_comes_as_no_surprise_that_with_our_cooperation,_the_Chinese_knots_will_sell_well.
3．众所周知，像出国留学这么宝贵的机会很难找到。
As_is_universally_acknowledged,_such_a_precious_chance_as_learning_in_a_foreign_country_is_hard_to_seek.
4．我认为这些学生值得表扬。
I_think_these_students_deserve_praising.
5．在这种情况下，你不应该受到指责。
You_shouldn't_be_to_blame_under_the_circumstances.
6．这本书很值得一读。
This_book_is_well_worth_reading.
7．公园里闻起来有香味的花吸引了很多游客。
The_flowers_smelling_sweet_in_the_garden_attract_many_visitors.
扮亮句式(九) 百变小天后——“as”显奇功
as因其词性多样，用法灵活，给广大考生的学习增加了一定难度。首先，在词性上，as可用作连词、介词、副词、关系代词；其次，在用法上，as可引导定语从句和状语从句，以及用于一些诸如as far as, as soon as, as long as的固定搭配中。
(一)首先，as可用作连词，译为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句的倒装。
Naughty as he is, Tony is always quiet in the presence of his father.尽管他很顽皮，但父亲在场时，托尼总是很安静。
[应用体验1] 补全句子
①尽管看似不可能，但我还是鼓足勇气再次尝试。
Impossible_as_it_seemed,_I gathered my courage to have another try.
②他虽然是一位老师，但也不可能什么都懂。
Teacher_though/as_he_is,_he can't know everything.
③尽管忙着上课，我还是设法挤出了时间和朋友出去玩。
Busy_though/as_I_am_with_the_lessons,_I have managed to find time to hang out with my friends.
(二)此外，as可用作关系代词，译为“正如，好像”，引导定语从句。引导限制性定语从句时，常用于such ...as, so ...as, the same ...as, as ...as结构中；引导非限制性定语从句时，位于主句前后均可。
Billy is such a daring boy as none of us have ever imagined.
我们从没想到，比利是如此大胆的一个男孩。
[应用体验2] 补全句子
①(2018·北京高考书面表达)和学习语言一样，学习汉语也需要大量的练习。
As_is_always_the_case_with_language_learning,_Chinese learning also calls for lots of practice.
②众所周知，知识就是力量。
As_is_known_to_us/As_we_all_know,_knowledge is power.
③这是一个如此难的问题，以至于没人能解决。
This is such a difficult question as_nobody_can_work_out.
④这台电脑和我前几天买的那台属于同一款(同一类)。
This is the same computer as_I_bought_the_other_day.
⑤那些对世界作出重大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。
Such_people_as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
(三)as也可用作副词，表程度。常构成as ...as的搭配，译为“像……一样……的”
常用形式有以下三种：
(1)as＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词，如as kind a person as ...；
(2)as＋adj./many＋可数名词复数，如as many people as ...；
(3)as＋adj./much＋不可数名词，如as much water as ...。
①He is as hardworking a boy as anyone else in his class.
他跟班上其他任何一个同学一样是个勤奋的学生。
②According to a recent survey, as many as 10 out of 17 penguins may be in danger of disappearing.正如最近调查的那样，17只企鹅中有10只可能有消失的危险。
[应用体验3] 补全句子
①遇到像你一样既和善又博学的人是我的荣幸。
It's my pleasure to meet as_kind_and_learned_a_person_as_you.
②根据最近研究，多达五分之一的美国青少年有不同程度的听力损伤。
As_many_as_one_in_five_US_teenagers_have_suffered_different_degrees_of_hearing_loss,_according to a recent research.
(四)身为“百变小天后”，as还有多种其他用法。
可用作介词，译为“作为”，后接名词等；可用作连词，连接原因、时间、让步、方式、比较状语从句；用于固定搭配中，如：as long as (只要), as far as (据……), as soon as (一……就), as if/though (好像), as to/for (关于，至于), so as to (为了), as a result/consequence (因此), such as (例如), may/might as well (不妨)等等。
As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.
只要你不灰心，你就会成功。
[专题过关训练]
翻译句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)简言之，在中国就要像中国人那样做。
In_brief,_do_as_the_Chinese_do_when_in_China.
2．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)因为我急需一些实践经验，所以我渴望接受这份工作。
As_I_am_in_urgent_need_of_some_practical_experience,_I_am_eager_to_be_taken_on_for_this_job.
3．你需要交一篇大约400词的稿件。
You_are_required_to_hand_in_as_long_an_article_as_about_400_words.
4．尽管感到很难为情，我还是鼓足勇气来向你求助。
Embarrassed_as_I_feel,_I_gather_all_my_courage_to_turn_to_you_for_help.
5．正如上面所说的，语法不是一套死规则。
As_has_been_said_above,_grammar_is_not_a_set_of_dead_rules.
6．我从未见过像他这样才华横溢的年轻人。
I've_never_seen_such_a_talented_young_man_as_he_is.
扮亮句式(十) 妙用分词增光彩——过去分词
过去分词用途广，用法活。如果你能够驾轻就熟，它一样可以成为你作文中一道亮丽的风景线。过去分词(短语)在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
(一)过去分词作定语
作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，仅表完成。
1．单个过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的前面，表示主语的状态或已完成的动作。
The excited people rushed into the building.
激动的人们冲进了大楼。
2．过去分词短语作定语时，与所修饰的名词之间为被动关系，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，其“被动”与“完成”的含义可以在从句中表现出来。
The computer bought last week doesn't work now.
＝The computer that was bought last week doesn't work now.
上周买的那台电脑现在出故障了。
[应用体验1] 句型转换
①The letter that was posted yesterday will reach her next week.
→The letter posted_yesterday will reach her next week.
②The book given to him is an English novel.
→The book that/which_was_given_to_him is an English novel.
(二)过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语，除了可以用在系动词be之后，还可用于get, become等系动词后面，表示动作，一般不延续。
Mary got divorced in 2018, and she had been married to Tom for 8 years by then.玛丽在2018年离婚了，那时她嫁给汤姆已有8年的时间了。
[应用体验2] 翻译或补全句子
①我对试验结果很满意。
I_am_pleased_with_the_result_of_the_experiment.
②吉姆为对老师所说的话感到羞愧。
Jim was_ashamed_of what he said to his teacher.
(三)过去分词作宾语补足语
常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况：
1．过去分词用于feel, hear, notice, see, smell, observe等感官动词后作宾补。
He didn't notice his wallet stolen.
他没有注意到他的钱包被偷了。
2．过去分词用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。
They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.
他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色的。
3．过去分词用于with复合结构作宾语补足语。
With the task finished, he went home happily.
任务完成后，他高兴地回家了。
[应用体验3] 补全句子
①李博士很高兴地看到他母亲在家被照顾得很好。
Dr Lee was very happy to see_his_mother_taken_good_care_of_at_home.
②外面的景物被雪覆盖着，看上去很美。
The outside sight looks beautiful with_everything_covered_with_snow.
(四)过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时，用来修饰谓语，说明动作发生的情况或背景。该分词短语相当于一个状语从句；过去分词可用来作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。
①United, we stand; divided, we fall.(作条件状语)
[谚语] 团结则存，分裂则亡。
②Seriously injured, the soldier was taken to the hospital immediately.(作原因状语)
由于伤势严重，这名战士被立即送往医院。
[应用体验4] 句型转换
①When the park is seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.
→Seen_from_the_hill,_the park looks more beautiful.
②Though they were beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.
→Beaten_by_the_opposite_team,_the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.
[专题过关训练]
补全句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)任何对这部电影感兴趣的人都欢迎到位于第三教学楼第一层的学校演讲大厅里欣赏。
Anyone who shows interest in the film is welcome to the school's lecture hall, located_on_the_first_floor of the third teaching building, to enjoy it.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果你对这件事感兴趣，让我知道，我会发送给你更多的信息。
If_you_are_interested_in_it,_let me know and I'll send you more information.
3．如果一直执行，它会让我们所有人受益匪浅，我们肯定会取得明显进步。
Carried_out_continuously,_it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.
4．它包含由外国朋友所写的关于他们国家文化的文章。
It contains articles written_by_foreign_friends about the cultures of their home countries.
5．为了解决这个问题，我想制定一项规则，整个班级时不时地集体讲课。
To_get_this_problem_solved,_I'd like to set up a rule that the whole class work in groups to give lessons once in a while.
扮亮句式(十一) 带你身临其境的使者——现在分词
恰当使用现在分词形式，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意赅。现在分词(短语)在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
(一)作定语
1．单个的现在分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面。
Have you got some interesting storybooks for children?
你有一些有趣的儿童故事书吗？
2．现在分词短语作定语往往放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Do you know the number of people coming (＝who will come) to the party？你知道来参加晚会的人数吗？
[应用体验1] 句型转换
①The students working in the country will be back tomorrow.
→The students who_are_working_in_the_country will be back tomorrow.
②The building being built now will be our library.
→The building that/which_is_being_built_now will be our library.
(二)作表语
现在分词作表语用来表示主语的特性、状态、情感等，具有形容词的特征。常见的有：exciting, interesting, disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, puzzling, amusing, confusing等。
The speech you delivered is very interesting and encouraging.
你做的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
[应用体验2] 补全句子
①我们学校赢得比赛的消息令人兴奋。
The news that our school won the game was_exciting.
②和你们这样的人一起工作是令人鼓舞的，我会想念你们。
It_is_inspiring_to_work_with_people like you and I will miss you.
(三)作宾语补足语
1．现在分词通常作感官动词(watch, observe, notice, see, hear, feel等)、表示状态的动词(keep, leave)或“使役”动词(get, have, make)的宾语补足语。此时，宾语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者；从时间上讲，它表示正在进行的动作或动作的持续。
I hear someone talking in the next room.
我听到隔壁有人在谈话。
2．在“with/without＋名词/代词＋现在分词”结构中，现在分词或现在分词短语作介词的宾语补足语。
His hair became grey with the years passing.
随着时间的推移，他的头发变得花白了。
[应用体验3] 根据提示补全句子
①我们路过她的房间时听到她在唱英语歌曲。(hear)
We heard her_singing_an_English_song when we passed her room.
②不要让学生整天学习。(have)
Don't have_the_students_studying all day.
③物价上涨如此快，以至于我们买不起一所新房子。(with)
With_prices_going_up so fast, we can't afford a new house.
(四)作状语
现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等。
Standing on the top of the hill, you can see the whole city.
站在山顶上，你可以看到整个城市。
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
[应用体验4] 补全句子
①因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。
Not_knowing_his_address,_I can't send this book to him.
②他父亲去世了，留给他许多钱。
His father died, leaving_him_a_lot_of_money.
③他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。
They stood there for half an hour, watching_the_stars_in_the_sky.
[专题过关训练]
补全句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)代表我们学校，我非常高兴告诉你关于这些活动的事情。
Representing_our_school,_I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.
2．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)此外，我曾在我们学校70周年庆典上作接待员，使我更加自信。
What's more, I have ever served as a receptionist in our school's 70th anniversary celebration, making_myself_more_confident.
3．他让我等了很长时间，这让我很不高兴。
He kept me waiting_for_a_long_time,_which made me upset.
4．在我校英文报中有一个“外国文化”栏目，旨在介绍美国习俗。
In the English newspaper of our school, there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming_to_introduce_American_customs.
5．既然已经意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须为你的目标更加努力学习。
Having_realized_that_your_time_is_limited,_you'll have to study harder for your goals.
6．当我们查找信息时，我们可以通过触动屏幕来操作它。
When_searching_for_some_information,_we can operate it by touching the screen.
7．你说的话真的鼓舞人心。
What you said is_really_inspiring.
8．为了不吵醒那个在睡觉的孩子，他说话声音很低。
He spoke in a low voice in order not to_wake_up_the_sleeping_child.
扮亮句式(十二) 轻灵的舞者——无灵主语句
所谓的无灵主语句，即无生命的事物作主语来展开句子。形象地说，无灵主语句如同轻灵的舞者，翩然舞动在自由的天空下，不时给烈日炙烤的生灵送去一阵微风，间或在波澜不惊的水面激起一丝涟漪。
从充当句子主语的词语来看，无灵主语句大体有以下几类：
1．表示时间、地点等的名词作主语的句子。这类无灵主语句常用see, find, witness等动词作谓语，往往带有比喻或拟人的修辞手法。
①The following months saw my constant progress and my efforts eventually paid off.接下来的几个月见证了我不断的进步，我的努力最终有了回报。
②As is universally acknowledged, the Yellow Crane Tower has witnessed the history of Wuhan.
众所周知，黄鹤楼见证了武汉的历史变迁。
[应用体验1] 补全句子
①最近，很多城市遭受了严重的雾霾，这为我们的生活带来了极大的不便。
Recently, many_cities_have_seen_severe_smog,_which brings great inconvenience to our life.
②这短短的两年时间见证了你在汉语学习上所取得的难以置信的进步。
The_two_short_years_have_witnessed_your_unbelievable_progress_in Chinese learning.
2．表示生理、心理状态的名词作主语的句子。此类句子仿佛为您的表达增加了血肉，注入了活力，使写作瞬间变得丰满起来。
①Grief and sorrow hit me like a bolt from the blue.
悲痛如晴天霹雳一般击中了我。
②Gradually, a strong passion to help others deeply rooted in my heart.
渐渐地，一种强烈的想要帮助他人的愿望深植我的心间。
[应用体验2] 翻译句子
①我把感谢送给那些曾经善意地帮助过我的人。
My_gratitude_goes_to_those_who_have_ever_kindly_offered_me_a_helping_hand.
②沮丧和绝望把我逼到了崩溃的边缘。
Frustration_and_despair_drove_me_to_the_edge_of_breaking_down.
③我惊讶得说不出话来。
Astonishment_deprived_me_of_my_power_of_speech.
3．表示行为、动作意义的名词作主语的句子。这极有利于增加主语的多样性，吸引读者的目光。
The strike went on for a month before it was settled.
罢工持续了一个月才解决。
Being a good listener really enables us to get closer to each other.
善于倾听确实可以拉近我们彼此的距离。
[应用体验3] 翻译句子
①精通几门语言使我得以轻松和外国人交流。
A_good_command_of_several_languages_enables_me_to_easily_communicate_with_foreigners.
②一想到即将到来的面试，我就担心害怕。
The_thought_of_the_approaching_interview_filled_me_with_concern_and_fear.
4．表示情景、自然现象的名词作主语。使用此类表达，展开的句子显得更为生动形象。
A heavy rain visited the city.
这个城市刚下过一场大雨。
[应用体验4] 翻译句子
①近日来，多变的天气使很多人生病住院。
In_recent_days,_the_changeable_weather_has_driven_many_people_to_hospital.
②更糟糕的是，在精疲力竭的一天之后，持续不断的噪音使我们无法入睡。
Worse_still,_constant_noise_prevented_us_from_falling_asleep_after_an_exhausting_day.
[专题过关训练]
翻译或补全句子
1．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)获得实践经验的强烈渴望促使我向你递交了我的申请。
A_strong_desire_for_practical_experience_inspired_me_to_send_my_application_to_you.
2．(2017·11月浙江高考写作)寒假来临，我得知你将不回国。
The_winter_vacation_is_approaching,_and_I_get_the_news_that_you_will_not_go_back_to_your_country.
3．格林先生，我无法用言语表达对您的谢意。
No_words_are_strong_enough_to_express_my_gratitude_to_you,_Mr_Green.
4．我原打算去机场接李明叔叔，但一些紧急事件把我困在了办公室。
I_had_intended_to_pick_my_uncle_Li_Ming_at_the_airport,_but_some_emergencies_trapped_me_in_the_office.
5．4月12日——令人难忘的一天——见证了我班同学一次极有意义的经历。
April_12th,_a_memorable_day,_witnessed_a_meaningful_experience_of_our_class.
6．据我所知，在这座体育馆里举行了许多激动人心的足球比赛。
As I know, this_stadium_has_seen many thrilling football games.
扮亮句式(十三) 慧眼辨虚实，匠心酿虚拟——虚拟结构
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来体现，表示作者的愿望、假设、猜测、怀疑、建议等含义，而非客观存在的事实。虚拟语气适时穿插于写作中，可令人眼前一亮，好感顿生。根据使用环境，虚拟语气在写作中主要有以下几类：
1．if型虚拟语气，“如果……，就……”
Secondly, if I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends.
第二，如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。
2．wish型虚拟语气，“希望……”
Besides, I wish there wouldn't be too many students in a class.另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。
3．as if/though型虚拟语气，“好像……”
Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if/though they had just happened.
童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海中，仿佛刚刚发生似的。
4．if only型虚拟语气，“要是……就好了；但愿……”
If only I could go back and reset my goals.
要是我能够回到过去重新制订目标该有多好。
5．It's (high/about) time (that) ...型虚拟语气，“是……的时候了”
It is high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make some changes.
确实到了孩子和父母行动起来做出一些改变的时候了。
6．(should) do型虚拟语气，“应该做……”。表示“建议、命令、要求”等的动词insist, order, suggest等后面所接的宾语从句一般用“(should)＋动词原形”表示虚拟。
To master Chinese, I strongly suggest you (should) practice with Chinese people.
为了掌握汉语，我强烈建议你和中国人一起练习。
7．without, but for, but that含蓄型虚拟语气，“没有……，要不是……”
Without your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.要是没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项任务。
[专题过关训练]
Ⅰ.用虚拟语气补全句子
1．看我现在所处的糟糕境地！要是我听了你的建议就好了！
Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I_had_taken_your_advice!
2．建议每个人都应该多吃水果和蔬菜。
It is suggested that everyone_(should)_eat_more_fruit_and_vegetables.
3．我们感觉好像亲眼目睹了整个事情的经过。
We felt as_if/though_we_had_witnessed the whole thing.
4．如果我当时听了你的建议，我的考试就不会有问题了。
Had I followed your advice, I would_have_had_no_trouble with my exam.
5．要是他能及时赶到机场就好了！
If_only_he_could_arrive at the airport in time!
6．如果你明天才还书，你就会受罚的。
If you returned/should_return/were_to_return the book tomorrow, you would be fined.
7．没有你的帮助，我不可能在演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
Without_your_help,_I couldn't_have_won first prize in the speech competition.
8．我真希望上学时学习再努力一点。
I really wish I had_studied_harder when at school.
9．是我们该讨论一下昨天遇到的问题的时候了。
It's high time that we_had/should_have_a_discussion about the problem we met yesterday.
10．老师劝我们要好好利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The teacher advised that we_(should)_make_good_use_of every minute here.
Ⅱ.利用虚拟语气句型，结合汉语提示补全短文
I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech.My topic today is “If I Were a Dustman”．
Perhaps you are surprised at my choice, but I do think being a dustman is a great choice.I wish 1.I_could_become_a_dustman (我能成为一名环卫工人) because 2.I_wish_I_could_make our_city_a_more_beautiful_place_to_live_in (我希望我能把我们的城市变成一个更美的居住的地方)．
If I were a dustman, 3.I_would_make_our_city_cleaner (我会让我们的城市更干净) with no rubbish lying on the street.I would tell others without us dustmen our city 4.would_be_difficult_to_live_in (很难居住).5.I_would_rather_you_were_in_favor_of_my_idea (我宁愿你们支持我的主意)．
My suggestion is that, whatever you do, 6.you_(should)_devote_yourself_to_doing_it_well (你应专心做好它)．
扮亮句式(十四) 主动与被动，效果大不同——被动语态
被动语态在书面表达中属于高级句式，它们的合理运用能给文章增色添彩。英文中被动语态的使用比汉语更多、更普遍。一般说来，当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时，多用被动语态。被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态，以提升写作表达档次。
1．主动语态变被动语态
①We can borrow at most five books at a time, and we can keep them for ten days.
→At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.
②When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.
→When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.
2．写作中常见的被动语态
(1)be＋过去分词(be可使用各种时态)
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The exhibition will be held from 9：00 am to 5：00 pm the day after tomorrow in the art gallery.
这次展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在美术馆举行。
②Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.
当今，越来越多的英语词汇在汉语中使用。
(2)情态动词＋be＋过去分词
①To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.为了提高空气质量，应该减少使用私家车。
②As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。
(3)get＋过去分词
①The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.通往存车处的入口太小了，经常堵车。
②I'm feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July, because my left foot got injured.我很抱歉地告诉你我不得不改变我们七月份去云南旅游的计划，因为我的左脚受伤了。
[应用体验] 句型转换(主动语态变被动语态)
①Above all, we must do something to stop pollution.
→Above_all,_something_must_be_done_to_stop_pollution.
②It is true that many things determine our future.
→It_is_true_that_our_future_is_determined_by_many_things.
③The boss made him work all day long.
→He_was_made_to_work_all_day_long.
④I suggest that you (should) make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds.
→It_is_suggested_that_you_(should)_make_friends_with_people_having_different_characteristics_or_backgrounds.
⑤When did Lu Xun write these books?
→When_were_these_books_written_by_Lu_Xun?
⑥Our village has built a plastic factory.
→A_plastic_factory_has_been_built_in_our_village.
[专题过关训练]
Ⅰ.补全句子
1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)世界青少年机器人竞赛计划于7月底在天津举行。
The World Adolescent Robotics Competition is_scheduled_to_be_held at the end of July in Tianjin.
2．网络投票不公平，不能被信任。
Internet voting is unfair, and can't_be_trusted.
3．应制定规则并应严格遵守这些规则。
Rules should_be_worked_out_and_strictly_observed.
4．我可能会像以前一样被责备。
I would_probably_get_scolded as before.
5．每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
Eight hours per day for sleep must_be_guaranteed.
6．他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。
A power station has_been_set_up_in_their_hometown.
7．这本小说在完成10年后才被出版。
The novel was_not_published_until 10 years after it was completed.
8．那所学校每年都有几百人被重点大学录取。
Hundreds of students in that school are_admitted_into the key universities every year.
Ⅱ.利用恰当的语态，结合汉语提示补全短文
A very terrible rainstorm hit/struck our city last night and caused huge mudslide around West Village.In this disaster, nearly 1.ten_houses_were_destroyed (十所房子被毁) and 2.an_office_building_was_ruined (一幢办公楼被毁坏了)．What's worse, it has already caused one death, leaving five persons missing.
When trouble happens at a place, help comes from all sides.Soldiers 3.were_sent_to_help_out (被派去帮助)．And a lot of villagers tried their best to help search for the missing persons.4.It_is_said_that (据说) the direct economic loss caused by this heavy rainstorm adds up to more than ten million yuan.Through everyone's efforts, everything went on very well/smoothly.
扮亮句式(一) 作文若不劣——学会“越来越”
在英语写作中，我们见证了太多的“越”。你是否会因岁月的流逝，知识的沉淀而对这些迷人的“越”驾轻就熟了呢？先看以下例句：
A growing number of students are faced with a bigger and bigger problem.Namely, with the College Entrance Examination approaching, they grow more and more nervous and anxious.To their despair, however, the more nervous and anxious they are, the less progress they make.
上面语段可译为：越来越多的学生正面临着一个越来越大的问题。随着高考临近，他们变得越来越紧张、焦躁。然而，让他们绝望的是，他们越紧张、焦躁，他们取得的进步就越小。
句中出现了三处“越来越……”和一处“越……，就越……”，充分体现出了那些“越……”的无上妙用，让人读后回味无穷。
1．说到“越来越……”，大家的脑海里很快就会浮现出这样的模式：比较级＋比较级。若修饰名词或是双音节和多音节的形容词或副词，我们常用more and more/less and less＋adj./adv./n.。
It comes as no surprise that customers are more and more demanding towards products and service.
不可否认，顾客对产品和服务质量的要求越来越高。
2．若使用growingly/increasingly来替代more and more，用decreasingly来替代less and less，则更显过人之处。同样，“越来越多的……”可使用a growing/an increasing number of ...，“越来越少的……”可使用a declining/decreasing number of ...。
①Recently, I found it increasingly hard to breathe in clean air.
最近，我发现呼吸干净的空气越来越难了。
②A growing number of people realize the importance of environmental protection.
越来越多的人意识到环境保护的重要性。
[应用体验1] 补全句子
①毋庸置疑，随着时间的流逝，选手间的竞争越来越激烈了。
There is no denying that the_competition_among_competitors_is_increasingly fierce_with_time_going_by.
②使我生气的是，那个店员对我越来越不耐烦了。
What made me angry was that the_shop_assistant_became_decreasingly_patient_with_me.
③现在，越来越少的人会无视污染的严重性。
Nowadays, a_declining_number_of_people_will_ignore_the_seriousness_of_pollution.
3．“The more ..., the more ...”表示“越……，就越……”。“the more”可以是形容词或副词的比较级，也可后接名词。若想表达否定含义，则改为“the less”。
As far as I'm concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, the more equipped for life you are.
就我而言，教育就是学习，你学得越多，你为将来的生活准备得就越好。
[应用体验2] 补全句子
①不要泄气。你应该要相信你学习越刻苦，取得的进步就越大。
Don't lose heart. You should believe the harder you study, the_greater_progress_you_will_make.
②起初我以为我明白了老师所说的，但是他越解释我就越迷惑。
At first I thought I understood what my teacher said, but the_more_he_explained,_the_more_confused_I_became.
③你越小心，你犯的错就会越少。
The more careful you are, the_fewer_mistakes_you_will_make.
④你给予别人的越多，你从别人那里得到的就越多。
The_more_you_give_to_others,_the more you will get from them.
⑤众所周知，网上购物已经变得越来越流行了。
Shopping on the Internet is more_and_more popular, as is known to all.
[专题过关训练]
翻译句子
1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)你对中国传统文化了解越多，你就对它越感兴趣。
The_more_you_know_about_traditional_Chinese_culture,_the_more_you_are_interested_in_it.
2．我对此了解越多，就越想成为夏令营的一员。
The_more_I_learn_about_it,_the_more_anxious_I_am_to_be_a_member_of_the_Summer_Camp.
3．目前，越来越少的学生对在英国学习英语不感兴趣。
Currently,_a_decreasing_number_of_students_show_no_interest_in_learning_English_in_Britain.
4．当然，你越快交稿越好。
Of_course,_the_sooner_you_hand_in_your_article,_the_better_it_will_be.
5．随着精神状态越来越差，我鼓起勇气向您求助。
With_my_mental_state_getting_worse_and_worse,_I_gathered_all_my_courage_to_turn_to_you_for_help.
6．一个人书读得越多就会变得越明智。
The_more_a_person_reads,_the_wiser_he_will_become.
扮亮句式(二) 简洁明了，意犹未尽——省略结构
英语中为了避免重复，句子中的某些部分可以省略，从而让文章显得紧凑自然。省略句在写作中的巧妙运用是书面表达得高分的助力，应当得到重视。
写作中常见的省略有下列几种情况：
1．在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句和though, although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的“主语＋be动词”部分。
①Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
年轻的时候要努力学习，否则你会后悔。
②Unless (he is) invited, he won't come.
除非邀请他，否则他不会来。
③If (it is) possible, I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
如果可能的话，我将去探望市里的几家敬老院。
[应用体验1] 用省略结构完成下列句子
①除非有必要，否则你最好不要查词典。
Unless_necessary,_you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
②我有困难时总是向她求助。
When_in_trouble,_I always turn to her for help.
③最大的海洋与整个地球的大小比较起来算不了什么。
When_compared_with_the_size_of_the_whole_earth,_the biggest ocean doesn't seem big at all.
④吃饭时，一些有天赋的学生表演了精彩的民间舞蹈，这使老人非常高兴。
While_enjoying_the_meal,_some talented students gave a wonderful folk dance performance, making the elderly very happy.
2．两个并列句中，后一个分句中与前一分句中相同的部分常省略。
①My brother is a doctor and my sisterinlaw (is) a lawyer.
我哥哥是医生，我嫂子是律师。
②Many players believe table tennis is not only a physical game but (table tennis is) a psychological competition as well.许多选手认为，乒乓球不仅是体力竞赛，也是心理较量。
3．在限制性定语从句中，关系代词that, which, whom充当宾语，而且前面无介词时可省略。
①He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见到的那个人。
②He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday.
他丢了他昨天买的那块表。
4．单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish等词后；或放在表示情绪的某些形容词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad, happy, pleased等，但是，如果不定式中含有be, have, have been时，则要保留be, have, have been。
①—Will you please look after my house when I'm away?
—I'm glad to (look after your house when you're away)．
——当我不在时，你能照看一下我家吗？
——我愿意。
②Your work hasn't been handed in, but it ought to have been.
你的工作还没有交上来，但是本应该交上来了。
[应用体验2] 用省略结构完成下列句子
①我们的家乡不再是以前的样子了。
Our hometown is no_longer_what_it_used_to_be.
②那就是我想要读的那本书。
That is the_book_I_want_to_read.
③——你介意照看我的猫吗？
——不，我愿意。
—Would you mind looking after my cat?
—No,_I'd_love_to.
④有些书需细细品味，有些书浅尝即可。
Some books are to be tasted, and others_to_be_swallowed.
⑤我不想去那里，但是我不得不去。
I didn't want to go there, but I_had_to.
[专题过关训练]
用省略结构补全句子
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果这样的话，请到教学楼二楼的学生会办公室报名。
If_so,_please go to sign up at the Students' Union office, which is on the second floor of the Teaching Building.
2．(2017·6月浙江高考书面表达)按照计划，我们早上7点将在学校大门口乘公共汽车出发。
As_planned,_we will leave by bus at 7：00 a．m. at the school gate.
3．如果你被录取做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。
If_accepted_for_the_job,_you'll be informed soon.
4．当我沿着马路走时，听到有人喊我的名字。
While_walking_along the street, I heard my name called.
5．我们将去野餐，但在什么时候什么地点还没定下来。
We will go for a picnic, but when_and_where_hasn't_been_decided_yet.
6．——你完成作业了吗？
——是的，完成了。
—Have you finished your work?
—Yes, I_have.
扮亮句式(三) 话多话少不如来个强调——强调结构
在信息传递中，有一些信息是与众不同的，不要“重要的话说三遍”，那太“LOW”了。在写作中，我们可以通过使用强调句型将句子提高到一个新的档次。
强调句型可强调除谓语动词和表语外的其他任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。强调句型的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果，突出要强调的重点，更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力。其基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。
(2018·天津高考书面表达)It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us.
不仅是你的热情，你的团队合作和良好的精神状态也给我们留下了深刻的印象。
1．It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分．
(2017·6月浙江高考写作)It is because it's a good chance for you to learn the natural knowledge of China and make new friends that we really wish you can join us.
正是因为它是你学习中国的自然知识和结交新朋友的好机会，所以我们真的希望你能加入我们。
2．Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
Was it in that park that the children saw the strange green objects?
孩子们是在那个公园里看见了那些奇怪的绿色物体吗？
3．特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher?
你是什么时候下定决心要当一名志愿者老师的？
4．It is/was not until ...that ...“直到……才……”
It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.
直到三十分钟后到家时他才发现他的包落在出租车里了。
5．强调谓语动词时，用助动词do/does/did，且只能对肯定句的一般现在时和一般过去时进行强调。
(2018·北京高考书面表达)We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future.
我们确实希望今后有更多有意义的活动。
[专题过关训练]
Ⅰ.用强调句型补全句子
1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)虽然在中国喝茶的传统能追溯到公元前3 000年，但是在17世纪中期英国才出现下午茶的概念。
Although the tradition of drinking tea dates back to 3,000 BC in China, it_was_not_until_the_mid17th_century_in_the_UK_that appeared the concept of “afternoon tea”．
2．(2017·6月浙江高考写作)正是由于他们的帮助，才避免了一场灾难。
It_was_because_of_their_help_that a disaster was avoided.
3．(2016·北京高考书面表达)正是他的不懈努力使得中国逐渐发生变化。
It_was_his_continuous_efforts_that caused China to change gradually.
4．你是在哪儿捡到这个钱包的？
Where_was_it_that you picked up the wallet?
5．是因为被困在交通堵塞中你才来晚的吗？
Was_it_because_you_were_stuck_in_the_traffic_jam_that you came late?
6．我确实珍惜这个受教育的机会。
I do_cherish/value_the_opportunity to get educated.
7．正是用真诚和诚信我们创造了一种和谐的气氛。
It_was_with_sincerity_and_faithfulness_that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
8．我的经历告诉我不是你被给予了什么而是你如何利用它决定着你是谁。
My experience tells me that it_is_not_what_you_are_given_but_how_you make_use_of_it_that determines who you are.
9．据我所知，可能赢这次竞赛的人是你。
As far as I am concerned, it_is_you_who/that_are_likely_to_win_the_contest.
10．直到进入高中我才意识到英语的重要性。
It_was_not_until_I_entered_senior_high_school_that I realized the importance of English.
Ⅱ.利用所学的强调句型，结合中文提示补全短文
Dear Mr and Mrs Johnson,
1．It_is_from_my_home_in_China_that_I'm_writing_to_you (我是从中国的家里写信给你)．I returned home safe and sound.When I think of the wonderful two weeks I spent in Birmingham, England, 2.it_is_both_of_you_that/who (正是你们两人) I just can't help thinking of.It was so kind of you to have provided everything to make my staying there such a happy and lucky experience.I've learned so much, not only English but also culture.And 3.I_did_enjoy (我的确很享受) the fun and laughter we shared with each other.Thank you very much.I'll always remember this trip as well as your kindness.
I'll keep in touch and write to you later.4.Do_take_care (一定要保重)!
Yours，
Li Hua
扮亮句式(四) 反其道而行之——倒装结构
在英语写作中，倒装句型应用比较广泛，我们可以通过倒装让句子更高级，强调我们要传达的信息，给文章增色。涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。
1．“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Only when you come to China can you experience Chinese food cultures.
只有来到中国，你才能体验中国的饮食文化。
2．none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及表示否定意义的介词短语如at no time, by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
Hardly/No sooner had we arrived at the activity center when/than we signed up to participate in the Walking Contest.
我们一到达活动中心就报名参加了健步走比赛。
3．在so/such ...that ...结构中，当so/such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
(2018·天津高考书面表达)So interested in the competition are some of my classmates and I that we have formed a group to take part in it.我和我的一些同学对比赛非常感兴趣，以至于我们组织了一个小组来参加比赛。
4．as/though引导的让步状语从句中通常使用倒装语序。
Poor as/though he was, he never got discouraged easily.
尽管他很穷，但他从未轻易沮丧。
5．在含有had, should, were等的虚拟条件状语从句中，若省略连词if，则可将它们移到主语前构成部分倒装。
①Were I two years younger, I wouldn't do it that way.
如果我年轻两岁，我是不会那样做的。
②Looking back, I feel I wouldn't be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.
回顾以往，我感觉如果我失去了信心就学不会骑自行车了。
6．here, there, now, then, out, in, around, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。
①Here are my tips for you.这是我给你的建议。
②In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit three students.
在那幅画中，三个学生围坐在桌子周围，桌子上有三本书。
③For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起喊叫的声音。
[专题过关训练]
Ⅰ.用倒装句型补全句子
1．面对这样的困难你绝不能失去信心。
By_no_means_should_you_lose_heart in the face of such difficulty.
2．虽然有些问题我似乎不熟悉，但很容易回答。
Unfamiliar_though/as_some_of_the_questions_seem_to_me，they are easy to answer.
3．我们学校前面有一棵1 000年树龄的大树。
In_front_of_our_school_stands_a_tall_tree with a history of 1,000 years.
4．如果你早到五分钟，你就能为他们送行了。
Had_you_arrived_five_minutes_earlier,_you could have seen them off.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)剪纸是如此迷人和生动，我想你可能会对它感兴趣。
So_attractive_and_alive_is_papercutting_that I think you could be interested in it.
6．(2016·浙江高考写作)事实上，只有通过不断地行动，不断地调整计划，我们才能达到我们的最终目标。
Actually, only by getting moving and constantly adjusting the plan can_we_achieve_our_final_goal.
7．虽然是个孩子，戴安娜能做到很多成年人做不到的事。
Child_as/though_she_is,_Diana can do things most adults can't.
8．山脚下流淌着一条美丽而清澈的河流。
At_the_foot_of_the_mountain_flows a beautiful and clean river.
9．如果他来的话，叫他打电话给我。
Should_he_come,_tell him to ring me up.
10．直到那时，我才意识到语言的影响力可以是积极的，也可以是消极的。
Not_until_then_did_I_realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.
Ⅱ.利用倒装句型，结合提示补全短文
In front of my home 1.lies_a_mountain (有座山), which is very high.
2．Never_will_I_forget (我永远不会忘记) the first time I climbed the mountain with my father.The sky was clear and the sun was shining brightly.3.So_fast_did_my_father_walk (我父亲走得如此快) that he was far ahead of me.Not until he stopped to wait for me 4.did_I_catch_up_with_him (我赶上他).5.Tired_as/though_I_was (尽管我很累), I didn't give up. When reaching the top, we felt a sense of achievement.
6．So_is_the_life (生活也是这样)．We shouldn't give up halfway, however great the difficulty is.Only in this way 7.can_we_succeed (我们才能成功)．
扮亮句式(五) 肯定不如双否好——双重否定
否定加否定变成强烈的肯定，在英语作文中，用得恰到好处，一定会让你的作文成功逆袭，收到出奇制胜的效果。
1．双重否定的构成形式：no/not/never/nothing ...＋否定的实词或虚词
①I would not have overcome the difficulties in my trip without the encouragement and support of my companion.
没有同伴的鼓励和支持，我就不会克服旅行中的这些困难。
②You can not make something out of nothing.
巧妇难为无米之炊。
③No way is impossible to courage.
勇者不会有绝路。
④It is our duty to protect the environment because we can't live without a good environment.
保护环境是我们的职责，因为没有好的环境我们无法生存。
[应用体验1] 翻译句子
①没有调查就没有发言权。
There_is_no_right_to_speak_without_investigation.
②没有热情，将一事无成。
Nothing_great_was_ever_achieved_without_enthusiasm.
③对一个有决心的人来说，没有什么是不可能的。
Nothing_is_impossible_to_a_determined_person.
④没有这个老人的抚养，这个孤儿难以过上幸福生活。
The_orphan_can't_live_a_happy_life_without_being_brought_up_by_the_old_man.
2．never/not＋fail to do sth.和never/not miss sth.
①As long as you discover, you will not miss the nice things in life.只要你去发现，你就不会错过生活中的美好。
②The sights of Hangzhou never fail to impress foreign tourists, making them abandon themselves to the beauty of the city.杭州的景色让外国游客印象深刻，使他们纵情于这座城市的美景中。
[应用体验2] 翻译句子
①(2018·6月浙江高考写作)如果有幸被选为志愿者，我绝不会失职。
I_will_never_fail_to_perform_my_duty,_if_I_have_the_honor_to_be_chosen_as_a_volunteer.
②有些记忆长存，且总是带给我们温暖的感觉。
Some_memories_always_stay_with_us_and_never_fail_to_bring_us_warm_feelings.
③我从来不错过提高英语技能的机会。
I_never_miss_a_chance_of_improving_my_English_skills.
④我们决不会辜负父母对我们的期望。
We_will_never_fail_to_live_up_to_what_our_parents_expect_of_us.
3．There is no denying that/It can't be denied that＋句子(不可否认)/There is no doubt that＋句子(毫无疑问)
①There is no denying/It can't be denied that special attention must be paid to the problem of water shortage.
不可否认，一定要特别重视水资源短缺问题。
②There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问，我们的教育制度有待改进。
[应用体验3] 翻译句子
①毫无疑问，玛丽在演讲比赛中表现得相当出色。
There_is_no_doubt_that_Mary_performed_well_in_the_speaking_competition.
②不可否认，我们的生活质量已经得到很大改善。
There_is_no_denying/It_can't_be_denied_that_the_quality_of_our_living_has_been_greatly_improved.
[专题过关训练]
翻译句子
1．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)不可否认，这些消费排名可能给消费者带来方便，但它们也常常会是误导和不可靠的。
There_is_no_denying_that_such_ratings_might_bring_convenience_to_consumers,_but_they_are_often_misleading_and_unreliable.
2．这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔杂物很常见，这给生活和环境带来了严重损害。
These_days,_breaking_traffic_rules_and_littering_are_not_uncommon,_causing_serious_harm_to_life_and_environment.
3．对大部分人来说，没有鼠标操作计算机几乎不可能，更不用说上网。
For_most_people,_it's_almost_impossible_to_operate_a_computer_without_a_mouse,_let_alone_surf_the_Internet.
4．似乎很多人没有电视、手机和网络不能玩得很开心。
It_seems_that_many_people_cannot_enjoy_themselves_without_TV,_cellphones_or_the_Internet.
5．可以肯定地说，没有微笑，我们的生活会黯淡无光，步履维艰。
It_is_safe_to_say_that_without_smile_our_life_would_be_colorless_and_difficult.
6．几乎每个人对生活的态度都受到了互联网的影响。
There_was_hardly_a_man_or_a_woman_whose_attitude_towards_life_was_not_affected_by_the_Internet.
7．显然，没有全社会的帮助就不会有今天的新学校。
Obviously,_without_the_help_of_the_whole_society,_there_would_be_no_new_schools_today.
扮亮句式(六) 小介词，大用途——with/without复合结构
写作时，我们可以利用with/without复合结构让句子结构紧凑，言简意明。若能合理利用，“好处”多多，不容小觑。
①(2016·北京高考书面表达)As the Earth Day was approaching, a lot of posters were put up around our school to call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
→With the Earth Day approaching, a lot of posters were put up around our school to call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.随着“地球日”的临近，我们学校里张贴了许多海报，号召我们加入到绿色地球的行动中来。
②In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table and there are a pile of bamboo books on it.
→In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table with a pile of bamboo books on it.在图画中，一个穿着破旧衣服的男孩坐在木桌旁边，桌上有一堆竹简。
此结构由“介词with或without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，可在句中作定语和状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分宾语补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
with/without结构构成方式如下：
(1)with或without＋名词/代词＋形容词
(2)with或without＋名词/代词＋副词
(3)with或without＋名词/代词＋介词短语
(4)with或without＋名词/代词＋动词不定式
(5)with或without＋名词/代词＋分词
①She came into the room, with her nose red because of cold.(with＋名词＋形容词)
她走进房间，因为天气冷鼻子通红。
②With the meal over, we all went home.(with＋名词＋副词)
吃完饭后，我们都回家了。
③The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm.(with＋名词＋介词短语)
胳膊下夹着一根尺子，大师走来走去。
④He could not finish the work without me to help him.(without＋代词＋不定式)
没有我帮他，他不可能完成这项工作。
⑤She fell asleep with the light burning.(with＋名词＋现在分词)
灯亮着，她睡着了。
⑥The conference hurriedly finished without a single agreement reached.(without＋名词＋过去分词)
会议很快就结束了，没达成任何一个协议。
[专题过关训练]
用with/without复合结构补全句子
1．我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
I sat in my room for a few minutes with_my_eyes_fixed_on_the_ceiling.
2．士兵让他背朝着他父亲站在那儿。
The soldier had him stand with_his_back_to_his_father.
3．没有任何话要说，他离开了教室。
Without_any_word_to_say,_he left the classroom.
4．(2018·11月浙江高考写作)这是一个蓝色的皮革钱包，里面有1 000多美元，我的身份证和我的护照。
It is a blue leather purse with_over_$1,000,_my_ID_card_and_my_passport_in_it.
5．(2017·11月浙江高考写作)随着春节来临，准备是必要的。
With_the_Spring_Festival_approaching,_the preparation is necessary.
6．(2016·北京高考书面表达)做完所有的工作后，我们去了附近的社区，把它们分发给了住在那里的人们。
With_all_the_work_done,_we went to the nearby neighbourhood and gave them to the people living there.
7．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)有更多的人参加投票，结果会更客观、可靠。
With_more_people_taking_part_in_the_voting,_the result will be more objective and reliable.
8．随着社会的快速发展，我们有必要掌握好英语和计算机知识。
With_the_society_developing_rapidly,_it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.
9．没人注意，他从后门溜走了。
Without_anyone_noticing_him,_he slipped out from the back door.
10．因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
With_a_lot_of_homework_to_do,_I can't go skating with you.
扮亮句式(七) 不比不知道，一比语更高——倍数和比较句型
表示倍数和比较的句型相对较多，在写作中灵活运用这些句型有利于提升文章的档次，会让你的作文与众不同。
1．英语中常见的4种倍数表达法：
(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B
(2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B
(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, weight, length ...)＋of B
(4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句
①The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.
→The red ruler is three times longer than the yellow one.
→The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.
这把红尺子是黄尺子的三倍长。
②The population now in this village is five times what it was ten years ago.
现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。
2．the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...“越……，就越……”
The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.
老师做得越少，学生就做得越多，他们学会的就越多。
3．比较级＋than＋any other＋名词单数 ...“比任何其他的都……”
Mike is more hardworking than any other student in the class.
迈克比班里其他的任何一个同学都勤奋。
4．prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
(1)prefer sth.to sth. 喜欢……而不喜欢……
prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth. 宁愿做……而不愿做……
①Nowadays many children prefer surfing the Internet at home to taking exercise outdoors.
如今许多孩子宁可待在家里上网，也不愿意到户外进行锻炼。
②After all, all kids prefer to be praised rather than be scolded.
＝After all, all kids would be praised rather than be scolded.
＝After all, all kids would rather be praised than be scolded.
＝After all, all kids prefer being praised to being scolded.
毕竟，所有的孩子都喜欢被表扬而不是被批评。
5．be senior/junior to“比……年长/年龄小；(地位或级别等)比……高/低”
Mr Liu is three years senior to me, and he is also senior to me in our company.
刘先生比我大三岁，在公司里级别也比我高。
[专题过关训练]
用倍数和比较句型补全句子
1．我们的城市已经发展成了一个大城市，是原来的四倍大。
Our city has developed into a big one, which is four_times_as_big_as_it_used_to_be.
2．中国比亚洲的其他任何一个国家都大，也比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
China is larger_than_any_other_country in Asia and also larger_than_any_country in Africa.
3．你听和读得越多，你写和说得就越好。
The_more_you_listen_and_read,_the better you write and speak.
4．虽然他比我地位低，但却分配到一辆公司汽车。
He's been given a company car, even though he's_junior_to_me.
5．她更喜欢和我们一起去而不愿独自留下。
①She preferred_to_go_with_us_rather_than_stay behind alone.(prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.)
②She would_rather_go_with_us_than_stay behind alone.(would rather do sth.than do sth.)
③She would_go_with_us_rather_than_stay behind alone.(would do sth.rather than do sth.)
6．引进新技术后，今年汽车的产量是去年的两倍。
After the new technique was introduced, the production of cars this year is twice_as_much_as_that_of_last_year.
7．我宁愿去探个究竟，也不愿坐在这儿等待。
Rather than sit here waiting, I prefer_to_go_to_find_out what on earth has happened.
8．汤姆比安妮年轻，但他比玛丽年长。三个人中他是中间的。
Tom is younger than Ann, but he_is_senior_to Mary. Of the three he is the middle.
9．肯尼亚四处干旱炎热，其面积是英国的两倍多。
Kenya, a land more than twice_the_size_of Britain, is everywhere parched.(size)
10．据报道，美国消耗的能源是整个欧洲的两倍。
It is reported that the United States uses twice_as_much_energy_as the whole of Europe. (as ...as)
扮亮句式(八) 彰显您的不一般——玩转“主动表被动”
高中英语学习中，时常可见一些不太好理解的语法现象，给高中生增加了难度，“主动表被动”就是其中的一个例子。若能熟练驾驭，必能为你的写作增光添彩。常见的“主动表被动”现象主要有以下几种：
1．动词不定式to do中的主动表被动
(1)主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do；此种句型可扩展为：
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋形容词＋to do
The essay is hard to understand.
→I found the essay hard to understand.
我觉得这篇文章很难理解。
(2)主语＋谓语＋宾语＋to do；扩展句型体现在with引导的复合结构中：With＋名词＋to do＋主句
Bill had an urgent meeting to attend. Bill was extremely anxious.
→With an urgent meeting to attend, Bill was extremely anxious.
有一个紧急会议要召开，比尔焦虑万分。
(3)There be＋名词＋to do
Michael got pretty worried, for there is an important guest to meet.迈克尔特别担忧，因为有一个重要的客户要见。
(4)主语＋be to blame(应受责备，应该负责)，be to let(可以出租)。
I wonder who is to blame for the missing cheese?
我想知道谁应该为丢失的奶酪负责？
[应用体验1] 补全句子
①所有的店员都很难相处，这对你们的声誉极其有害。
All_the_shop_assistants_are_hard_to_get_along_with,_which does great harm to your reputation.
②谁该为日益恶化的空气质量负责？
Who_is_to_blame_for the worsening air quality?
2．动名词doing中的主动表被动
(1)主语＋want/need/require/deserve/worth＋doing
Look at your flowers! They need watering.
瞧你的花儿！它们需要浇水了。
(2)主语＋be worth doing
Recently, there is something wrong with students' mental health, which is worth attaching importance to.
最近，学生们的心理健康出了问题，这值得重视。
[应用体验2] 补全句子
①说实话，你们的产品质量真的需要改进。
To be frank, the_quality_of_your_product_really_needs_improving.
②这儿的美无法用言语表达，值得再次去游玩。
The beauty here is beyond description and it_is_worth_visiting_again.
3．表状态、属性等特征的动词中的主动表被动
(1)主语＋谓语动词(不及物动词)＋副词。在此类“主动表被动”的结构中，表示属性的动词有write, sell, wash, burn, cook, use等。
The book sells well overseas.这本书海外销路很好。
(2)主语＋can't/won't＋谓语动词(不及物动词)。一些诸如work, open, move, shut, act, lock, wear等表状态的不及物动词，和can't/won't搭配使用时，往往带有各种感情色彩。
Damn! The door won't open.该死！门打不开了。
[应用体验3] 补全句子
①获得诺贝尔文学奖后，莫言的书很畅销。
Mo_Yan's_books_sold_well after he won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
②帮我一下好吗？我的电脑不能正常工作了。
Can you do me a favor? My_computer_won't_work.
[专题过关训练]
用“主动表被动”结构翻译句子
1．有一些紧急事件要处理，我只有向你求助。
With_some_emergency_to_deal_with,_I_had_no_choice_but_to_turn_to_you.
2．毫无疑问，在我们的合作下，中国结销量将会很好。
It_comes_as_no_surprise_that_with_our_cooperation,_the_Chinese_knots_will_sell_well.
3．众所周知，像出国留学这么宝贵的机会很难找到。
As_is_universally_acknowledged,_such_a_precious_chance_as_learning_in_a_foreign_country_is_hard_to_seek.
4．我认为这些学生值得表扬。
I_think_these_students_deserve_praising.
5．在这种情况下，你不应该受到指责。
You_shouldn't_be_to_blame_under_the_circumstances.
6．这本书很值得一读。
This_book_is_well_worth_reading.
7．公园里闻起来有香味的花吸引了很多游客。
The_flowers_smelling_sweet_in_the_garden_attract_many_visitors.
扮亮句式(九) 百变小天后——“as”显奇功
as因其词性多样，用法灵活，给广大考生的学习增加了一定难度。首先，在词性上，as可用作连词、介词、副词、关系代词；其次，在用法上，as可引导定语从句和状语从句，以及用于一些诸如as far as, as soon as, as long as的固定搭配中。
(一)首先，as可用作连词，译为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句的倒装。
Naughty as he is, Tony is always quiet in the presence of his father.尽管他很顽皮，但父亲在场时，托尼总是很安静。
[应用体验1] 补全句子
①尽管看似不可能，但我还是鼓足勇气再次尝试。
Impossible_as_it_seemed,_I gathered my courage to have another try.
②他虽然是一位老师，但也不可能什么都懂。
Teacher_though/as_he_is,_he can't know everything.
③尽管忙着上课，我还是设法挤出了时间和朋友出去玩。
Busy_though/as_I_am_with_the_lessons,_I have managed to find time to hang out with my friends.
(二)此外，as可用作关系代词，译为“正如，好像”，引导定语从句。引导限制性定语从句时，常用于such ...as, so ...as, the same ...as, as ...as结构中；引导非限制性定语从句时，位于主句前后均可。
Billy is such a daring boy as none of us have ever imagined.
我们从没想到，比利是如此大胆的一个男孩。
[应用体验2] 补全句子
①(2018·北京高考书面表达)和学习语言一样，学习汉语也需要大量的练习。
As_is_always_the_case_with_language_learning,_Chinese learning also calls for lots of practice.
②众所周知，知识就是力量。
As_is_known_to_us/As_we_all_know,_knowledge is power.
③这是一个如此难的问题，以至于没人能解决。
This is such a difficult question as_nobody_can_work_out.
④这台电脑和我前几天买的那台属于同一款(同一类)。
This is the same computer as_I_bought_the_other_day.
⑤那些对世界作出重大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。
Such_people_as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
(三)as也可用作副词，表程度。常构成as ...as的搭配，译为“像……一样……的”
常用形式有以下三种：
(1)as＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词，如as kind a person as ...；
(2)as＋adj./many＋可数名词复数，如as many people as ...；
(3)as＋adj./much＋不可数名词，如as much water as ...。
①He is as hardworking a boy as anyone else in his class.
他跟班上其他任何一个同学一样是个勤奋的学生。
②According to a recent survey, as many as 10 out of 17 penguins may be in danger of disappearing.正如最近调查的那样，17只企鹅中有10只可能有消失的危险。
[应用体验3] 补全句子
①遇到像你一样既和善又博学的人是我的荣幸。
It's my pleasure to meet as_kind_and_learned_a_person_as_you.
②根据最近研究，多达五分之一的美国青少年有不同程度的听力损伤。
As_many_as_one_in_five_US_teenagers_have_suffered_different_degrees_of_hearing_loss,_according to a recent research.
(四)身为“百变小天后”，as还有多种其他用法。
可用作介词，译为“作为”，后接名词等；可用作连词，连接原因、时间、让步、方式、比较状语从句；用于固定搭配中，如：as long as (只要), as far as (据……), as soon as (一……就), as if/though (好像), as to/for (关于，至于), so as to (为了), as a result/consequence (因此), such as (例如), may/might as well (不妨)等等。
As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.
只要你不灰心，你就会成功。
[专题过关训练]
翻译句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)简言之，在中国就要像中国人那样做。
In_brief,_do_as_the_Chinese_do_when_in_China.
2．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)因为我急需一些实践经验，所以我渴望接受这份工作。
As_I_am_in_urgent_need_of_some_practical_experience,_I_am_eager_to_be_taken_on_for_this_job.
3．你需要交一篇大约400词的稿件。
You_are_required_to_hand_in_as_long_an_article_as_about_400_words.
4．尽管感到很难为情，我还是鼓足勇气来向你求助。
Embarrassed_as_I_feel,_I_gather_all_my_courage_to_turn_to_you_for_help.
5．正如上面所说的，语法不是一套死规则。
As_has_been_said_above,_grammar_is_not_a_set_of_dead_rules.
6．我从未见过像他这样才华横溢的年轻人。
I've_never_seen_such_a_talented_young_man_as_he_is.
扮亮句式(十) 妙用分词增光彩——过去分词
过去分词用途广，用法活。如果你能够驾轻就熟，它一样可以成为你作文中一道亮丽的风景线。过去分词(短语)在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
(一)过去分词作定语
作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，仅表完成。
1．单个过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的前面，表示主语的状态或已完成的动作。
The excited people rushed into the building.
激动的人们冲进了大楼。
2．过去分词短语作定语时，与所修饰的名词之间为被动关系，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，其“被动”与“完成”的含义可以在从句中表现出来。
The computer bought last week doesn't work now.
＝The computer that was bought last week doesn't work now.
上周买的那台电脑现在出故障了。
[应用体验1] 句型转换
①The letter that was posted yesterday will reach her next week.
→The letter posted_yesterday will reach her next week.
②The book given to him is an English novel.
→The book that/which_was_given_to_him is an English novel.
(二)过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语，除了可以用在系动词be之后，还可用于get, become等系动词后面，表示动作，一般不延续。
Mary got divorced in 2018, and she had been married to Tom for 8 years by then.玛丽在2018年离婚了，那时她嫁给汤姆已有8年的时间了。
[应用体验2] 翻译或补全句子
①我对试验结果很满意。
I_am_pleased_with_the_result_of_the_experiment.
②吉姆为对老师所说的话感到羞愧。
Jim was_ashamed_of what he said to his teacher.
(三)过去分词作宾语补足语
常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况：
1．过去分词用于feel, hear, notice, see, smell, observe等感官动词后作宾补。
He didn't notice his wallet stolen.
他没有注意到他的钱包被偷了。
2．过去分词用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。
They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.
他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色的。
3．过去分词用于with复合结构作宾语补足语。
With the task finished, he went home happily.
任务完成后，他高兴地回家了。
[应用体验3] 补全句子
①李博士很高兴地看到他母亲在家被照顾得很好。
Dr Lee was very happy to see_his_mother_taken_good_care_of_at_home.
②外面的景物被雪覆盖着，看上去很美。
The outside sight looks beautiful with_everything_covered_with_snow.
(四)过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时，用来修饰谓语，说明动作发生的情况或背景。该分词短语相当于一个状语从句；过去分词可用来作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。
①United, we stand; divided, we fall.(作条件状语)
[谚语] 团结则存，分裂则亡。
②Seriously injured, the soldier was taken to the hospital immediately.(作原因状语)
由于伤势严重，这名战士被立即送往医院。
[应用体验4] 句型转换
①When the park is seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.
→Seen_from_the_hill,_the park looks more beautiful.
②Though they were beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.
→Beaten_by_the_opposite_team,_the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.
[专题过关训练]
补全句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)任何对这部电影感兴趣的人都欢迎到位于第三教学楼第一层的学校演讲大厅里欣赏。
Anyone who shows interest in the film is welcome to the school's lecture hall, located_on_the_first_floor of the third teaching building, to enjoy it.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果你对这件事感兴趣，让我知道，我会发送给你更多的信息。
If_you_are_interested_in_it,_let me know and I'll send you more information.
3．如果一直执行，它会让我们所有人受益匪浅，我们肯定会取得明显进步。
Carried_out_continuously,_it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.
4．它包含由外国朋友所写的关于他们国家文化的文章。
It contains articles written_by_foreign_friends about the cultures of their home countries.
5．为了解决这个问题，我想制定一项规则，整个班级时不时地集体讲课。
To_get_this_problem_solved,_I'd like to set up a rule that the whole class work in groups to give lessons once in a while.
扮亮句式(十一) 带你身临其境的使者——现在分词
恰当使用现在分词形式，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意赅。现在分词(短语)在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
(一)作定语
1．单个的现在分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面。
Have you got some interesting storybooks for children?
你有一些有趣的儿童故事书吗？
2．现在分词短语作定语往往放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Do you know the number of people coming (＝who will come) to the party？你知道来参加晚会的人数吗？
[应用体验1] 句型转换
①The students working in the country will be back tomorrow.
→The students who_are_working_in_the_country will be back tomorrow.
②The building being built now will be our library.
→The building that/which_is_being_built_now will be our library.
(二)作表语
现在分词作表语用来表示主语的特性、状态、情感等，具有形容词的特征。常见的有：exciting, interesting, disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, puzzling, amusing, confusing等。
The speech you delivered is very interesting and encouraging.
你做的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
[应用体验2] 补全句子
①我们学校赢得比赛的消息令人兴奋。
The news that our school won the game was_exciting.
②和你们这样的人一起工作是令人鼓舞的，我会想念你们。
It_is_inspiring_to_work_with_people like you and I will miss you.
(三)作宾语补足语
1．现在分词通常作感官动词(watch, observe, notice, see, hear, feel等)、表示状态的动词(keep, leave)或“使役”动词(get, have, make)的宾语补足语。此时，宾语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者；从时间上讲，它表示正在进行的动作或动作的持续。
I hear someone talking in the next room.
我听到隔壁有人在谈话。
2．在“with/without＋名词/代词＋现在分词”结构中，现在分词或现在分词短语作介词的宾语补足语。
His hair became grey with the years passing.
随着时间的推移，他的头发变得花白了。
[应用体验3] 根据提示补全句子
①我们路过她的房间时听到她在唱英语歌曲。(hear)
We heard her_singing_an_English_song when we passed her room.
②不要让学生整天学习。(have)
Don't have_the_students_studying all day.
③物价上涨如此快，以至于我们买不起一所新房子。(with)
With_prices_going_up so fast, we can't afford a new house.
(四)作状语
现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等。
Standing on the top of the hill, you can see the whole city.
站在山顶上，你可以看到整个城市。
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
[应用体验4] 补全句子
①因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。
Not_knowing_his_address,_I can't send this book to him.
②他父亲去世了，留给他许多钱。
His father died, leaving_him_a_lot_of_money.
③他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。
They stood there for half an hour, watching_the_stars_in_the_sky.
[专题过关训练]
补全句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)代表我们学校，我非常高兴告诉你关于这些活动的事情。
Representing_our_school,_I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.
2．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)此外，我曾在我们学校70周年庆典上作接待员，使我更加自信。
What's more, I have ever served as a receptionist in our school's 70th anniversary celebration, making_myself_more_confident.
3．他让我等了很长时间，这让我很不高兴。
He kept me waiting_for_a_long_time,_which made me upset.
4．在我校英文报中有一个“外国文化”栏目，旨在介绍美国习俗。
In the English newspaper of our school, there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming_to_introduce_American_customs.
5．既然已经意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须为你的目标更加努力学习。
Having_realized_that_your_time_is_limited,_you'll have to study harder for your goals.
6．当我们查找信息时，我们可以通过触动屏幕来操作它。
When_searching_for_some_information,_we can operate it by touching the screen.
7．你说的话真的鼓舞人心。
What you said is_really_inspiring.
8．为了不吵醒那个在睡觉的孩子，他说话声音很低。
He spoke in a low voice in order not to_wake_up_the_sleeping_child.
扮亮句式(十二) 轻灵的舞者——无灵主语句
所谓的无灵主语句，即无生命的事物作主语来展开句子。形象地说，无灵主语句如同轻灵的舞者，翩然舞动在自由的天空下，不时给烈日炙烤的生灵送去一阵微风，间或在波澜不惊的水面激起一丝涟漪。
从充当句子主语的词语来看，无灵主语句大体有以下几类：
1．表示时间、地点等的名词作主语的句子。这类无灵主语句常用see, find, witness等动词作谓语，往往带有比喻或拟人的修辞手法。
①The following months saw my constant progress and my efforts eventually paid off.接下来的几个月见证了我不断的进步，我的努力最终有了回报。
②As is universally acknowledged, the Yellow Crane Tower has witnessed the history of Wuhan.
众所周知，黄鹤楼见证了武汉的历史变迁。
[应用体验1] 补全句子
①最近，很多城市遭受了严重的雾霾，这为我们的生活带来了极大的不便。
Recently, many_cities_have_seen_severe_smog,_which brings great inconvenience to our life.
②这短短的两年时间见证了你在汉语学习上所取得的难以置信的进步。
The_two_short_years_have_witnessed_your_unbelievable_progress_in Chinese learning.
2．表示生理、心理状态的名词作主语的句子。此类句子仿佛为您的表达增加了血肉，注入了活力，使写作瞬间变得丰满起来。
①Grief and sorrow hit me like a bolt from the blue.
悲痛如晴天霹雳一般击中了我。
②Gradually, a strong passion to help others deeply rooted in my heart.
渐渐地，一种强烈的想要帮助他人的愿望深植我的心间。
[应用体验2] 翻译句子
①我把感谢送给那些曾经善意地帮助过我的人。
My_gratitude_goes_to_those_who_have_ever_kindly_offered_me_a_helping_hand.
②沮丧和绝望把我逼到了崩溃的边缘。
Frustration_and_despair_drove_me_to_the_edge_of_breaking_down.
③我惊讶得说不出话来。
Astonishment_deprived_me_of_my_power_of_speech.
3．表示行为、动作意义的名词作主语的句子。这极有利于增加主语的多样性，吸引读者的目光。
The strike went on for a month before it was settled.
罢工持续了一个月才解决。
Being a good listener really enables us to get closer to each other.
善于倾听确实可以拉近我们彼此的距离。
[应用体验3] 翻译句子
①精通几门语言使我得以轻松和外国人交流。
A_good_command_of_several_languages_enables_me_to_easily_communicate_with_foreigners.
②一想到即将到来的面试，我就担心害怕。
The_thought_of_the_approaching_interview_filled_me_with_concern_and_fear.
4．表示情景、自然现象的名词作主语。使用此类表达，展开的句子显得更为生动形象。
A heavy rain visited the city.
这个城市刚下过一场大雨。
[应用体验4] 翻译句子
①近日来，多变的天气使很多人生病住院。
In_recent_days,_the_changeable_weather_has_driven_many_people_to_hospital.
②更糟糕的是，在精疲力竭的一天之后，持续不断的噪音使我们无法入睡。
Worse_still,_constant_noise_prevented_us_from_falling_asleep_after_an_exhausting_day.
[专题过关训练]
翻译或补全句子
1．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)获得实践经验的强烈渴望促使我向你递交了我的申请。
A_strong_desire_for_practical_experience_inspired_me_to_send_my_application_to_you.
2．(2017·11月浙江高考写作)寒假来临，我得知你将不回国。
The_winter_vacation_is_approaching,_and_I_get_the_news_that_you_will_not_go_back_to_your_country.
3．格林先生，我无法用言语表达对您的谢意。
No_words_are_strong_enough_to_express_my_gratitude_to_you,_Mr_Green.
4．我原打算去机场接李明叔叔，但一些紧急事件把我困在了办公室。
I_had_intended_to_pick_my_uncle_Li_Ming_at_the_airport,_but_some_emergencies_trapped_me_in_the_office.
5．4月12日——令人难忘的一天——见证了我班同学一次极有意义的经历。
April_12th,_a_memorable_day,_witnessed_a_meaningful_experience_of_our_class.
6．据我所知，在这座体育馆里举行了许多激动人心的足球比赛。
As I know, this_stadium_has_seen many thrilling football games.
扮亮句式(十三) 慧眼辨虚实，匠心酿虚拟——虚拟结构
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来体现，表示作者的愿望、假设、猜测、怀疑、建议等含义，而非客观存在的事实。虚拟语气适时穿插于写作中，可令人眼前一亮，好感顿生。根据使用环境，虚拟语气在写作中主要有以下几类：
1．if型虚拟语气，“如果……，就……”
Secondly, if I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends.
第二，如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。
2．wish型虚拟语气，“希望……”
Besides, I wish there wouldn't be too many students in a class.另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。
3．as if/though型虚拟语气，“好像……”
Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if/though they had just happened.
童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海中，仿佛刚刚发生似的。
4．if only型虚拟语气，“要是……就好了；但愿……”
If only I could go back and reset my goals.
要是我能够回到过去重新制订目标该有多好。
5．It's (high/about) time (that) ...型虚拟语气，“是……的时候了”
It is high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make some changes.
确实到了孩子和父母行动起来做出一些改变的时候了。
6．(should) do型虚拟语气，“应该做……”。表示“建议、命令、要求”等的动词insist, order, suggest等后面所接的宾语从句一般用“(should)＋动词原形”表示虚拟。
To master Chinese, I strongly suggest you (should) practice with Chinese people.
为了掌握汉语，我强烈建议你和中国人一起练习。
7．without, but for, but that含蓄型虚拟语气，“没有……，要不是……”
Without your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.要是没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项任务。
[专题过关训练]
Ⅰ.用虚拟语气补全句子
1．看我现在所处的糟糕境地！要是我听了你的建议就好了！
Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I_had_taken_your_advice!
2．建议每个人都应该多吃水果和蔬菜。
It is suggested that everyone_(should)_eat_more_fruit_and_vegetables.
3．我们感觉好像亲眼目睹了整个事情的经过。
We felt as_if/though_we_had_witnessed the whole thing.
4．如果我当时听了你的建议，我的考试就不会有问题了。
Had I followed your advice, I would_have_had_no_trouble with my exam.
5．要是他能及时赶到机场就好了！
If_only_he_could_arrive at the airport in time!
6．如果你明天才还书，你就会受罚的。
If you returned/should_return/were_to_return the book tomorrow, you would be fined.
7．没有你的帮助，我不可能在演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
Without_your_help,_I couldn't_have_won first prize in the speech competition.
8．我真希望上学时学习再努力一点。
I really wish I had_studied_harder when at school.
9．是我们该讨论一下昨天遇到的问题的时候了。
It's high time that we_had/should_have_a_discussion about the problem we met yesterday.
10．老师劝我们要好好利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The teacher advised that we_(should)_make_good_use_of every minute here.
Ⅱ.利用虚拟语气句型，结合汉语提示补全短文
I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech.My topic today is “If I Were a Dustman”．
Perhaps you are surprised at my choice, but I do think being a dustman is a great choice.I wish 1.I_could_become_a_dustman (我能成为一名环卫工人) because 2.I_wish_I_could_make our_city_a_more_beautiful_place_to_live_in (我希望我能把我们的城市变成一个更美的居住的地方)．
If I were a dustman, 3.I_would_make_our_city_cleaner (我会让我们的城市更干净) with no rubbish lying on the street.I would tell others without us dustmen our city 4.would_be_difficult_to_live_in (很难居住).5.I_would_rather_you_were_in_favor_of_my_idea (我宁愿你们支持我的主意)．
My suggestion is that, whatever you do, 6.you_(should)_devote_yourself_to_doing_it_well (你应专心做好它)．
扮亮句式(十四) 主动与被动，效果大不同——被动语态
被动语态在书面表达中属于高级句式，它们的合理运用能给文章增色添彩。英文中被动语态的使用比汉语更多、更普遍。一般说来，当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时，多用被动语态。被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态，以提升写作表达档次。
1．主动语态变被动语态
①We can borrow at most five books at a time, and we can keep them for ten days.
→At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.
②When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.
→When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.
2．写作中常见的被动语态
(1)be＋过去分词(be可使用各种时态)
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The exhibition will be held from 9：00 am to 5：00 pm the day after tomorrow in the art gallery.
这次展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在美术馆举行。
②Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.
当今，越来越多的英语词汇在汉语中使用。
(2)情态动词＋be＋过去分词
①To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.为了提高空气质量，应该减少使用私家车。
②As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。
(3)get＋过去分词
①The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.通往存车处的入口太小了，经常堵车。
②I'm feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July, because my left foot got injured.我很抱歉地告诉你我不得不改变我们七月份去云南旅游的计划，因为我的左脚受伤了。
[应用体验] 句型转换(主动语态变被动语态)
①Above all, we must do something to stop pollution.
→Above_all,_something_must_be_done_to_stop_pollution.
②It is true that many things determine our future.
→It_is_true_that_our_future_is_determined_by_many_things.
③The boss made him work all day long.
→He_was_made_to_work_all_day_long.
④I suggest that you (should) make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds.
→It_is_suggested_that_you_(should)_make_friends_with_people_having_different_characteristics_or_backgrounds.
⑤When did Lu Xun write these books?
→When_were_these_books_written_by_Lu_Xun?
⑥Our village has built a plastic factory.
→A_plastic_factory_has_been_built_in_our_village.
[专题过关训练]
Ⅰ.补全句子
1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)世界青少年机器人竞赛计划于7月底在天津举行。
The World Adolescent Robotics Competition is_scheduled_to_be_held at the end of July in Tianjin.
2．网络投票不公平，不能被信任。
Internet voting is unfair, and can't_be_trusted.
3．应制定规则并应严格遵守这些规则。
Rules should_be_worked_out_and_strictly_observed.
4．我可能会像以前一样被责备。
I would_probably_get_scolded as before.
5．每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
Eight hours per day for sleep must_be_guaranteed.
6．他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。
A power station has_been_set_up_in_their_hometown.
7．这本小说在完成10年后才被出版。
The novel was_not_published_until 10 years after it was completed.
8．那所学校每年都有几百人被重点大学录取。
Hundreds of students in that school are_admitted_into the key universities every year.
Ⅱ.利用恰当的语态，结合汉语提示补全短文
A very terrible rainstorm hit/struck our city last night and caused huge mudslide around West Village.In this disaster, nearly 1.ten_houses_were_destroyed (十所房子被毁) and 2.an_office_building_was_ruined (一幢办公楼被毁坏了)．What's worse, it has already caused one death, leaving five persons missing.
When trouble happens at a place, help comes from all sides.Soldiers 3.were_sent_to_help_out (被派去帮助)．And a lot of villagers tried their best to help search for the missing persons.4.It_is_said_that (据说) the direct economic loss caused by this heavy rainstorm adds up to more than ten million yuan.Through everyone's efforts, everything went on very well/smoothly.
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