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2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮复习外研新课改省份专用讲义：必修三Module3TheViolenceofNature
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Module 3 The Violence of Nature
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．hurricane n． 飓风
2．lightning n. 闪电
3．thunderstorm n. 雷暴
4．tornado n. 龙卷风
5．current n. 海流；潮流
6．feather n. 羽毛
7．fur n. (动物的)毛皮
8．tropical adj. 热带的
9．wave n. 波浪
10．earthquake n. 地震
11．ash n. 灰
12．volcano n. 火山
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．disaster n． 灾难
2．flood n. 洪水
3．cause vt. 引起；导致
4．bury vt. 埋葬
5．occur vi. 发生
6．strike vt.&n. (雷电、暴风雨等)袭击
7．ruin vt. 毁坏
8．previous adj. 以前的
9．worldwide adj. 全世界的
10．active adj. 积极的；活跃的
11．damage n．&v. 损失；损害
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．experience vt.经历；体验 n．经历；经验→experienced adj.有经验的
2．furniture n．家具→furnish vt.装备；配备
3．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地；强烈地
4．erupt vt.(火山的)爆发；喷发→eruption n．(火山的)爆发；喷发
5．possibility n．可能；可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地→impossible adj.不可能的
6．terrifying adj.吓人的；可怕的→terrified adj.感到害怕的；极度恐惧的→terrify vt.使害怕；使恐惧
7．luckily adv.幸运地；幸亏→lucky adj.幸运的→luck n．运气；幸运
8．thankfully adv.感激地；满怀感谢地→thankful adj.感激的；感谢的→thank vt.&n.感谢；谢谢
9．hopefully adv.满怀希望地；有希望地→hopeful adj.有希望的→hope v．& n．希望；期望
10．sadly adv.伤心地；不幸地→sad adj.伤心的→sadness n．悲伤
11．fortunately adv.幸运地；幸亏→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n．运气；财富
12．warning n．警告→warn v．警告
[语境活用]
1．He is an experienced teacher and has twenty years' teaching experience.(experience)
2．The terrible weather made it impossible for us to go on vacation and there is a possibility that the trip plan would be abandoned.(possible)
3．What happened without any previous warning that day terrified all the passengers aboard the train.It was really a terrifying scene, and many people are still terrified at the thought of taking a highspeed train.(terrify)
4．He warned me not to leave without permission, but I didn't accept his warning.(warn)
5．Many bad men struck their neighborhoods violently. People were angry at their violent behavior and resisted their violence bravely. (violent)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.pick_up 卷起；掀起；拾起；用车接；(偶然)学会；好转
2．take_off 去掉；脱掉；起飞
3．set_fire_to 放火(焚烧)……
4．catch_fire 着火
5．put_out 扑灭(火)
6．on_average 平均起来
7．end_up 结果为……，以……结束
8．in_all 总共；总计
9．refer_to 指的是；谈到；涉及；参考
1.The store caught_fire. Fortunately, all the people there escaped from it.
2．A fire broke out in the building last night. Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time and put_out the fire.
3．On_average each report requires 10 hours to prepare.
4．The teacher said there were twelve in_all who had failed the exam.
5．I believe the house was deliberately set_fire_to.
6．It was not until she took_off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
7．Twenty men fell into the water and were picked_up by other boats. As a result, they missed the fighting on the beach.
8．If you don't eat less, you'll end_up looking like a whale！
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
它们(龙卷风)能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
大部分饭菜宾客都没动，因为它们的味道不可口。
The guests left_most_of_the_dishes_untouched,_because they didn't taste delicious.
2.On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1 500人受伤。
现在分词短语作结果状语。
大自然为我们的国家提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。
Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, making_it_a_happy_home_for_us.
3.When the lava reached the sea, there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.
当岩浆涌进大海时，有可能引发巨大浪潮，足以淹没半个岛屿。
there is/was the possibility of ...表示“有……的可能性”。
(2016·10月浙江高考写作)几乎没有可能继续在黑暗中沿着小溪行走，但是简没有放弃。
There_was_little_possibility_of continuing walking along the stream in the darkness, but Jane didn't give up.
二、课堂重点深化
1．experience vt.经历；体验 n．经历；经验
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①(2017·北京高考) After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences (experience) at school.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) As to the activities, we plan to invite experienced (experience) players to give training to us every Friday afternoon.
③Do you have any experience in teaching English?
[系统归纳]
(1)with much/rich experience 具有丰富的经验
in/from one's experience 根据某人的经验看
have experience in ... 有……的经验
(2)experienced adj. 有经验的；熟练的
be experienced in/at 在……方面有经验
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④ (2018·北京高考书面表达)上周，我们带领外国学生在我们学校体验正宗的(authentic)茶文化，结果证明是非常值得的。
Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to_experience_the_authentic_tea culture,_which_turned_out_to_be_extremely_rewarding.
2．cause vt.引起；导致；使遭受n.原因；事业；目标
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The poor harvest caused prices to_rise (rise) sharply.
②Drunk driving is one of the most common causes (cause) of traffic accidents.
[系统归纳]
(1)cause sb. sth. 给某人造成某种结果
cause sb.to do sth. 导致某人做某事
(2)the cause of ... ……的原因
cause and effect 因果；因果关系
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③根据最近的调查研究，喝浓咖啡与患心脏病并没有必然的因果关系。
According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is_not_necessarily cause and_effect.
3．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.
[系统归纳]
bury one's head/face in one's hands 用手抱头/掩面
bury oneself in＝be buried in 埋头于；专心于
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
②随着高考临近，我们高三学生都在埋头于繁忙的学习中。
As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, we_senior_high_school_students are_buried_in_busy_work.
表示“专注于；致力于；埋头于”的短语还有：
①be devoted to＝devote oneself to
②be occupied with＝occupy oneself with/in doing
③be absorbed in ④concentrate on
⑤focus on ⑥fix one's attention on
4．occur vi.发生；出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①A good idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning.
②It occurred to me to_go (go) to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.
[系统归纳]
sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③连同你的精彩创新，你需要上交一份报告，解释你是如何想到这个主意的以及你所用的材料。
Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining_how the_idea occurred to_you_and_what_materials_you_used.
5．strike vt.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；突然想到；击中；敲(钟)；(时钟)报时；擦燃(火柴)；打动 n．(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；罢工
[自主体验]
写出下列句中strike的含义
①The town hall clock struck midnight.(时钟)报时
②She lost her temper and struck him in the face.击中
③Within half an hour, all the drivers were out on strike.罢工
④What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.打动
⑤It was extremely dark in the passage so he struck a match.擦燃
单句语法填空
⑥The first time he met the girl he was_struck (strike) by her wisdom and fell in love with her.
⑦What is most striking (strike) is how smart the children are.
[系统归纳]
(1)strike sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位 打某人某处
sth.strikes sb.＝sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It strikes sb.that .../It strikes sb. to do ... 某人突然想到……
(2)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
(3)striking adj. 引人注目的，突出的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑧我突然想到，我们应该制订一个新的方案。
It_struck/hit/occurred_to_me_that_we_ought_to_make_a_new_plan._
1．pick up卷起；掀起；拾起；接收(信号)；(偶然)学会；得到；整理；用车接；好转；买到
[自主体验]
写出下列句中pick up的含义
①Will you pick up all your toys？整理
②My radio can pick up the BBC programmes clearly.接收
③I'll pick you up at your home tomorrow.用车接
④It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.(偶然)学会
⑤Business has been depressed but they expect it to pick up again before Christmas.好转
[系统归纳]
pick out 挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解
pick off 摘掉；摘下来
[重点强化]
单句语法填空
⑥The insecticide might harm the flowers. Let's pick off the insects by hand.
佳句时时写
⑦我的父母想让我和他们一起去机场接他。
My_parents_want_me_to_go_to_the_airport_with_them_to_pick_him_up.
2．end up结果为……；以……结束
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①While studying, fix your mind on what is really important, or you will end up remembering (remember) nothing.
②Anderson was born into a poor family, but ended up as one of the greatest writers of his time.
③If we neglect our future, we'll end up in failure.
[系统归纳]
(1)end up doing sth. 以……而告终
end (up) in 以……告终；结果为……
end (up) with 以……结束(指以某种方式结束)
end up as 最终成为……
(2)come to an end 结束
put/bring an end to 结束……
in the end 最后，终于
make ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
[重点强化]
补全句子
④The football match came_to_an_end,_and the crowd soon cleared away from the football ground.
足球比赛结束了，人群不久就从足球场消失了。
佳句时时写
⑤最后，当我们校长宣布获胜者时，整个地方爆发出热烈的掌声和欢呼声。
In_the_end,_when our headmaster announced the winners, the whole place burst out with clapping and cheering.
3．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[教材原句] They can destroy houses, but leave_the_furniture_inside exactly where_it_was.
[自主体验]
①Don't leave_the_light_on when you are not in the room.
不在房间时，别让灯开着。
②Jack's humour in his speech left_the_audience__laughing all the time.
杰克在演讲中的风趣幽默使听众一直大笑。
③What disappoints me is that she leaves_me_to_finish the work by myself.
使我失望的是她让我一个人完成这项工作。
④You should make it a rule to leave_things_where_you_can_find_them_again.
把东西放在能够再次找到的地方，你们应该把这一点作为一条规矩。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
leave用作使役动词，常跟复合结构，有以下构成方式：
(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)leave＋宾语＋分词
(3)leave＋宾语＋不定式
(4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句
注意事项
在此结构中，宾补为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾补为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾补为不定式时，通常表示将来发生的动作。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)We can often see many students leave the water running and some let the lights on for a long time, which causes a serious waste of resources.
②(增分要点句)You'd better leave the door open to let in the fresh air.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自然”中的“自然灾害与防范”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一) 各种自然灾害
温故浅易词汇
①earthquake ②fire ③flood ④natural disaster ⑤hurricane
识记生疏词汇
①catastrophe n．大灾难 ②volcano n．火山
③drought n．干旱 ④sandstorm n．沙尘暴
⑤landslide n．滑坡 ⑥typhoon n．台风
子话题(二) 自然灾害的发生及影响
温故浅易词汇
①hit ②strike ③ruin ④destroy ⑤damage ⑥destructive
识记生疏词汇
①destruction n．破坏 ②consequence n．结果
③release n．&v.释放 ④severe adj.严重的，剧烈的
⑤magnitude n．[地震] 震级 ⑥victim n．受害人
⑦epicenter n．震中 ⑧aftershock n．余震
⑨muddy adj.泥泞的 ⑩lava n．火山岩浆
常用词块忆一忆
①donate ... to ... 向……捐赠……
②come to one's rescue 前来救某人
③be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中
④rebuild one's home 重建某人的家园
⑤have much to do with 与……有很大的关系
⑥burn down 烧毁
⑦be/become aware of/that 意识到
⑧from bad to worse 每况愈下
⑨recover from 从……中恢复
⑩cut down 砍倒
⑪volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
⑫bring ... under control 对……加以控制
⑬in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处
⑭take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
⑮return to normal 恢复正常
写作佳句背一背
①A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.
②Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
③The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点 对应学生用书P94
概要写作要点归纳精准化
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The guest speaker is a person who is asked to speak at an event.The person is usually not deeply connected with the event. Instead the guest speaker may support the event by sharing knowledge, offering support, or entertaining others.Speakers may give a special speech at the beginning, praising the efforts of community workers, or interesting children or college students in an educational or informative way.In each case, they are defined (给……下定义) by the fact that they will speak or otherwise communicate, and they have been invited to do so.
Even in the smallest events, the guest speaker can be well worth hearing.Coming from outside of the shared opinion of those organizing or attending an event, they often bring something new to it and provide great fodder (草料) for future conversations.Typically, their success depends upon how well they can give a speech.
Clearly the successful guest speaker must be able to make a speech that will be enjoyed and well received by the audience.Some preparation is necessary, and some speakers fully write speeches or memorize them.It helps very much if the guest speaker is given information on how long he or she should speak, and perhaps what topics would be of most interest to the audience.
Almost equal in importance is an introduction to the guest speaker, which should also be well prepared. Especially in large event settings, the person making the introduction should give a little information about the background of the speaker, name some of his or her achievements, and then perhaps suggest why the speaker is present.One of the reasons that these introductions can fail sometimes is that the person doing the introduction doesn't really know who the speaker is, which is why introductions take some preparation.It may be necessary to do a little reading on the history or background of the speaker to make certain that the introduction is flattering (讨人欢喜的) and provides exact information.
[写作步骤]
第一步：归纳主旨大意
主旨大意：本文是说明文，分为4个段落，主要向读者说明了应邀发言者的概念及相关的一些情况。
文章结构：
guest speaker
第二步：提炼关键词
Paragraph 1：
1.The_guest_speaker is a person who is asked_to_speak at an event.
2．The person is usually not_deeply_connected_with the event.
3．The guest speaker may support_the_event_by_sharing knowledge, offering support, or entertaining others.
Paragraph 2：
4.The guest speaker can be well_worth_hearing even in the_smallest_events.
5．They often bring_something_new to it.
6．Their success depends upon how_well they can give a speech.
续表
Paragraph 3：
7.The successful guest speaker must be able to make a speech that will be enjoyed and well_received_by_the_audience.
8．Some preparation is necessary.
Paragraph 4：
9.Almost equal_in_importance is an introduction_to_the_guest_speaker.
10．Those who introduce the guest speaker should make_some_preparations.
第三步：合并和改写
1．要点1(主题句)
改写：The guest speaker is a person asked_to_speak at an event.
2．要点2和3
合并：Though they have little to do with the event, they may play a part in the event in many ways.
改写：Though usually having_little_to_do_with the event, they may contribute to it.
3．要点4和5
合并：Guest speakers usually add new views to the event, so they can be well worth hearing even in the smallest events.
改写：Guest speakers usually add new perspectives, so they can be well worth hearing however small the_events_may_be.
4．要点6、7、8
合并：To make a speech that pleases the audience, guest speakers should do some preparation work, because their success depends upon how well they can give a speech.
改写：To make a speech that appeals_to the audience, they should do some preparation work for the purpose of being successful.
5．要点9和10
合并：As the introduction to the guest speaker is equal in importance, those who introduce the guest speaker should make some preparations.
改写：Considering the_equal_importance_of_an_introduction to the guest speaker, those who introduce them should make some preparations.
第四步：核查成文
核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词；核查标点和语法；核查词数。最终成文如下：
The guest speaker is a person asked to speak at an event.(要点1)Though usually having little to do with the event, they may contribute to it.(要点2)Guest speakers usually add new perspectives, so they can be well worth hearing however small the events may be.(要点3)To make a speech that appeals to the audience, they should do some preparation work for the purpose of being successful.(要点4)Considering the equal importance of an introduction to the guest speaker, those who introduce them should make some preparations.(要点5)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A strange idea occurred (想起，浮现) to him when he was wandering in the street.
2．In previous (以前的) time, I didn't realize how valuable his advice was.
3．A noisy motorway has ruined (毁坏) the peaceful village life.
4．These chemicals have been found to cause serious environmental damage (损害)．
5．Is there any possibility (可能性) that we can work out the problem without the teacher's help?
6．She is still very active (活跃的), in spite of her advanced years.
7．She blamed her failure on lack of experience (经验)．
8．An investigation is underway to find out how the disaster (灾难) happened.
9．The abrupt change of the climate has drawn worldwide (全世界的) attention to the benefit of green energy.
10．It suddenly began to rain on the way home. Fortunately (幸运的是), a kind driver gave me a lift.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．The factory ❶caught (catch) fire last week. Although it was put ❷out by the firefighters, plenty of losses have been brought about. The police suspected that someone set fire ❸to it. After making some investigations, it was found that a burning cigarette end caused the fire. Of course, the man concerned was to blame for it, and ended ❹up in prison.
2．Great changes have taken place in our school since 2000. Although there are 3,000 students ❶in all in our school, almost half of them have been admitted to key universities. So every time we refer ❷to our school, we can't help feeling proud of it. I wish every one of our school could take ❸off in the coming year.
3．A violent hurricane suddenly ❶struck (strike) the area yesterday, ❷causing (cause) many houses to fall down. Many people had their possessions ❸buried (bury) under the ruins, thus becoming homeless. To their relief, the government took measures in time to help them out after it ❹occurred (occur)．
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子/句式升级
1．在那么重要的考试中他竟然查阅笔记，真是太愚蠢了。(refer to)
It was too foolish of him to_refer_to_his_notes during that important test.
2．如果一个人在事故中伤得很重，你最好让他待在原地不要动他。(leave＋宾语＋宾补)
If a person is badly injured in an accident, you'd better leave_him_where_he_is.
3．很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。(pick out)
It's_easy_to_pick_him_out in a crowd because he is very tall.
4．Is it possible that we can finish the task in such a short time?
→Is_there_a_possibility_that we can finish the task in such a short time？(possibility)
5．The fog was so heavy that it made it impossible for us to get there on time.
→The fog was so heavy, making_it_impossible_for_us_to_get_there on time.(分词短语作结果状语)
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers ❶stuck (stick) in airports. Grimsvotn is one of the largest and most active ❷volcanoes (volcano) in Europe. What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier (冰川) of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer (层) of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts ❸pressure_(press) on the volcano, keeping it stable. As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava (岩浆) from the volcano then ❹comes (come) up to the surface. This is ❺exactly (exact) what happened today.
Now, airlines have to make ❻changes (change) to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of Europe's biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane's engines, ❼causing_damage (导致损坏) to the plane.
The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp, glasslike rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside ❽to_stop (stop) them from eating ashcovered grass or the sharp object.
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
purely， hurricane， use， character， develop， destructive， keep out of， cause
When newspapers and radio describe the damage ❶caused by a hurricane named Hazel, girls named Hazel are probably teased by their friends. To ❷keep_out_of trouble, the Weather Bureau says, “Any resemblance between hurricane names and the names of particular girls is ❸purely accidental.”
Some women became angry because ❹hurricanes are given their names, but many other women are proud to see their names make headlines. They don't even care that they are the names of ❺destructive storms. Because more women seem to like it than dislike it, the Weather Bureau has decided to continue ❻using girl's names for hurricanes.
In some ways a hurricane is like a person. After it is born, it grows and ❼develops,_then becomes old and dies. Each hurricane has a ❽character of its own. Each follows its own path through the world, and people remember it long after it is gone. So it is natural to give hurricanes' names, and to talk about them almost if they were alive.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)．
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I took off my Tshirt and dived into the water.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)What's more, everyone of you will be welcome to take active (act) part in the activity, enjoying the movie.
4．(2017·天津高考)I'm buried (bury) in the English novels every day, therefore I have made great progress in my English study.
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.
6．(2016·北京高考)The race began on January 27.The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night.
7．(2015·天津高考)At the same time, we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class, which you can refer to to learn more about China.
8．(2015·浙江高考)Once we were left to_decide (decide) whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum. I would love to go to a museum, but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用experience, cause, occur, strike, pick up填空)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something __52__ to me. Those brown eyes were very familiar.occurred
2．(2018·天津高考完形填空) I learned this lesson from a(n) __17__ many years ago. I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.experience
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have __59__ us to learn less.Now, I appreciate the silence and the new way of communication it opens.caused
4．(2017·天津高考完形填空)My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise ＄50,000 in support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. This combination of healing myself and healing the world __26__ me as the perfect solution.struck
5．(2012·天津高考完形填空)I tried __23__ trash (垃圾) myself, but the job was too big. I would spend an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so tired of it that I decided something had to change.picking_up
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：人类在大自然面前是渺小的。然而，人类在自然灾害面前体现出的精神是“团结一致”的正能量，这种“团结一致，勇往直前”的精神让我们在面对灾难时变得更加强大。高考也会围绕此类话题进行命题，以弘扬正能量。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]The US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts. The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions：
[2]Can we predict earthquakes?
[3]Can we control earthquakes?
[4]To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault (断层) systems in the country, such as the San Andreas fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections of the earth's surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.
[5]However, there have been some interesting developments the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground.Shortly after this injection (注射) of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.
[6]When the water “oiled” the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, dangerous earthquakes; that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.
语篇解读：为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。
1．Earthquakes belts are_________.
A．maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occur
B．zones with a high probability of earthquakes
C．breaks between two sections of the earth's surface
D．the two layers of earth along a fault
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquake belts。
2．The San Andreas fault is________.
A．an active fault system
B．a place where earthquakes have been predicted correctly
C．a place where earthquakes have been controlled
D．at the foot of the Rocky Mountain
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，该地区为科学家密切关注的最活跃的断层系统之一。
3．What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?
A．They occur at about 4,000 metres below ground level.
B．The injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.
C．They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.
D．Harmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earthquakes.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句可知答案。
4．What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?
A．They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.
B．They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.
C．They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.
D．Nothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震，从而使地震的能量得到释放，因此也就降低了大地震爆发的可能。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
细节理解技法(3)——两步攻克事实询问题
事实询问题，这类试题通常以疑问词what/who/when/where/why/how引导的特殊疑问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。
解答此类试题的两个步骤：①首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义；②然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。同时要注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。
例如上文第3题，根据文章最后一段的表述，可知D项符合题意。
Ⅰ.完形填空
If you're walking through Boston during a downpour, you might see a poem appear before your eyes. For nearly a year, Bostonians __1__ the city streets in the rain may have __2__ poems written on the sidewalks.
Titled “Raining Poetry”， this __3__ resulted from cooperation between the nonprofit Mass Poetry and the city of Boston. The first poems were installed to __4__ the start of National Poetry Month, with several more __5__ to the city's streets last May 13. These poems cannot be seen during dry, __6__ weather, but appear like magic__7__raindrops start falling from the sky.
The poems were __8__ by Danielle Legros Georges, Boston's poet laureate (桂冠诗人). They are all based on their __9__ to Boston, as well as the general themes of water and rain.
“I wanted to draw works from poets influential in the Bostonarea literary, educational or cultural fields，” Georges said.
The poems are __10__ to the sidewalks in a matter of minutes and should wear away in six to eight weeks. While all of the poems __11__ installed are written in English, Sara Siegel, program director for the Mass Poetry, hopes to add __12__ ones in the many languages that are __13__ throughout Boston.
“Our hope is in the next two years everyone in the state will meet a poem in their __14__ lives at least once or twice a month，” says Siegel.“This is a fun and __15__ way to bring poetry to the people.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。波士顿的街道上藏着秘密诗歌，只要一下雨，这些诗歌就会出现在城市的人行道上。
1．A.cleaning B．searching
C．wandering D．repairing
解析：选C 根据上文中的“you're walking through Boston”可知，此处指波士顿人漫步(wandering)在雨中的城市街头。
2．A.copied B．laughed at
C．published D．come across
解析：选D 根据上文中的“you might see ... appear before your eyes”可知，波士顿人可能会发现(come across)写在人行道上的诗歌。
3．A.theory B．project
C．routine D．problem
解析：选B 结合上文中的“Titled‘Raining Poetry’”和下文中的“cooperation between the nonprofit Mass Poetry and the city of Boston”可知，“雨天诗歌”是非营利组织Mass Poetry和波士顿市的合作项目(project)。
4．A.record B．describe
C．determine D．celebrate
解析：选D 根据空后的“the start of National Poetry Month”可知，第一批安装的诗歌是为了庆祝(celebrate)“全国诗歌月”的开始。
5．A.added B．related
C．compared D．contributed
解析：选A 结合上文中的“The first poems”和空前的“several more”可知，安装好第一批诗歌后，又增加(added)了更多的诗歌。
6．A.rainy B．foggy
C．sunny D．snowy
解析：选C 根据空前的“dry”可知，这些诗歌在干燥、晴朗的(sunny)天气里是看不到的。
7．A.once B．before
C．until D．though
解析：选A 下雨是诗歌出现的必要条件，所以此处填once。
8．A.read B．selected
C．invented D．translated
解析：选B 根据下面一段中的“I wanted ... poets influential in the Bostonarea literary, educational or cultural fields”可知，这些诗歌是由波士顿桂冠诗人Danielle Legros Georges选取(selected)的。
9．A.ticket B．passage
C．entrance D．relationship
解析：选D 根据下文中的“the general themes of water and rain”和“... from poets influential in the Bostonarea literary, educational or cultural fields”可知，所选诗歌都是和波士顿有一定关系(relationship)的或其主题是关于水和雨的。
10．A.fixed B．applied
C．expanded D．turned
解析：选A 根据上文第4空所在句中的“installed”可知，这些诗歌被安装(fixed)在人行道上。
11．A.formally B．currently
C．properly D．frequently
解析：选B 根据下文中的“Sara Siegel, program director for the Mass Poetry, hopes to add ...ones in the many languages”可知，目前(currently)安装的诗歌都是用英语书写的。
12．A.easy B．hard
C．old D．new
解析：选D 根据上文中的“hopes to add”可知，Sara Siegel希望增加一些其他语种的新的(new)诗歌。
13．A.studied B．spoken
C．ignored D．preserved
解析：选B 结合上文中的“many languages ”和下文中的 “throughout Boston”可知，Sara Siegel希望增加在波士顿讲的其他语言写成的诗歌。故spoken符合语境。
14．A.professional B．personal
C．lonely D．daily
解析：选D 根据本句语境可知，Siegel希望人们在自己日常的(daily)生活中能经常看到诗歌。
15．A.typical B．familiar
C．unusual D．impossible
解析：选C 在人行道上安装诗歌是一种有趣的、不寻常的(unusual)方式。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·重庆模拟)Now, I'd like to share what I __1__ (learn) through Travelling Guide a few weeks ago.
Thousands of visitors each year enjoy Haleakala National Park, one of __2__ most unusual national parks in the United States, on the island of Maui.Ships stop at the island and buses take __3__ (group) of visitors to see the huge volcano there.Visitors also may take a walk in the rain forest __4__ (create) by the volcano thousands of years ago.
The park offers visitors a sight of nature at __5__ majorities of people never have the chance to take a look.At the top of Haleakala, __6__ (look) down inside what is the most active part of the volcano, we can see that the volcano has left thousands of different shapes of lava (熔岩) stone ever since.Hundreds of years __7__ rain and bright sun have cut long paths in the stone.There are mainly 3 stone areas.One big area seems __8__ (be) deep and dark red.__9__ two areas seem almost yellow and green.It looks as if someone spilled (泼洒) many colors of paint over the huge areas.The lava stone areas are __10__ (color) because the lava is rich in many kinds of minerals.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了哈雷阿卡拉国家公园。
1．learned/learnt 考查动词时态。根据本句中的时间状语“a few weeks ago”可知，该空应用一般过去时。
2．the 考查冠词。此处表示“美国最不同寻常的国家公园之一”，这里应用形容词的最高级修饰national parks，故该空填the。
3．groups 考查名词复数。根据上文中的Thousands of visitors可知游客很多，又因group是可数名词，这里表示“成群的游客”，故用group的复数形式。
4．created 考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，forest后面的部分作定语修饰rain forest，且rain forest与动词create之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
5．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句中的“The park offers visitors a sight of nature”是主句，“at __5__ majorities ... a look”是定语从句，空处在定语从句中作at的宾语，代指a sight of nature，故用which。
6．looking 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句中第二个逗号后面的部分是主句，这里应用非谓语动词作状语，look与主句的主语we构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故该处用现在分词。
7．of 考查介词。of用于month, year等名词后以表示某状态或活动持续的时长。
8．to be 考查非谓语动词。seem to do sth.为固定用法。
9．Another 考查限定词。根据上文中的3 stone areas和One big area可知，这里用Another。another two areas表示“另外两个地区”。
10．colorful 考查形容词。该空作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，故用形容词。colorful表示“色彩丰富的”。
Module 3 The Violence of Nature
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．hurricane n． 飓风
2．lightning n. 闪电
3．thunderstorm n. 雷暴
4．tornado n. 龙卷风
5．current n. 海流；潮流
6．feather n. 羽毛
7．fur n. (动物的)毛皮
8．tropical adj. 热带的
9．wave n. 波浪
10．earthquake n. 地震
11．ash n. 灰
12．volcano n. 火山
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．disaster n． 灾难
2．flood n. 洪水
3．cause vt. 引起；导致
4．bury vt. 埋葬
5．occur vi. 发生
6．strike vt.&n. (雷电、暴风雨等)袭击
7．ruin vt. 毁坏
8．previous adj. 以前的
9．worldwide adj. 全世界的
10．active adj. 积极的；活跃的
11．damage n．&v. 损失；损害
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．experience vt.经历；体验 n．经历；经验→experienced adj.有经验的
2．furniture n．家具→furnish vt.装备；配备
3．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地；强烈地
4．erupt vt.(火山的)爆发；喷发→eruption n．(火山的)爆发；喷发
5．possibility n．可能；可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地→impossible adj.不可能的
6．terrifying adj.吓人的；可怕的→terrified adj.感到害怕的；极度恐惧的→terrify vt.使害怕；使恐惧
7．luckily adv.幸运地；幸亏→lucky adj.幸运的→luck n．运气；幸运
8．thankfully adv.感激地；满怀感谢地→thankful adj.感激的；感谢的→thank vt.&n.感谢；谢谢
9．hopefully adv.满怀希望地；有希望地→hopeful adj.有希望的→hope v．& n．希望；期望
10．sadly adv.伤心地；不幸地→sad adj.伤心的→sadness n．悲伤
11．fortunately adv.幸运地；幸亏→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n．运气；财富
12．warning n．警告→warn v．警告
[语境活用]
1．He is an experienced teacher and has twenty years' teaching experience.(experience)
2．The terrible weather made it impossible for us to go on vacation and there is a possibility that the trip plan would be abandoned.(possible)
3．What happened without any previous warning that day terrified all the passengers aboard the train.It was really a terrifying scene, and many people are still terrified at the thought of taking a highspeed train.(terrify)
4．He warned me not to leave without permission, but I didn't accept his warning.(warn)
5．Many bad men struck their neighborhoods violently. People were angry at their violent behavior and resisted their violence bravely. (violent)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.pick_up 卷起；掀起；拾起；用车接；(偶然)学会；好转
2．take_off 去掉；脱掉；起飞
3．set_fire_to 放火(焚烧)……
4．catch_fire 着火
5．put_out 扑灭(火)
6．on_average 平均起来
7．end_up 结果为……，以……结束
8．in_all 总共；总计
9．refer_to 指的是；谈到；涉及；参考
1.The store caught_fire. Fortunately, all the people there escaped from it.
2．A fire broke out in the building last night. Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time and put_out the fire.
3．On_average each report requires 10 hours to prepare.
4．The teacher said there were twelve in_all who had failed the exam.
5．I believe the house was deliberately set_fire_to.
6．It was not until she took_off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
7．Twenty men fell into the water and were picked_up by other boats. As a result, they missed the fighting on the beach.
8．If you don't eat less, you'll end_up looking like a whale！
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
它们(龙卷风)能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
大部分饭菜宾客都没动，因为它们的味道不可口。
The guests left_most_of_the_dishes_untouched,_because they didn't taste delicious.
2.On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1 500人受伤。
现在分词短语作结果状语。
大自然为我们的国家提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。
Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, making_it_a_happy_home_for_us.
3.When the lava reached the sea, there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.
当岩浆涌进大海时，有可能引发巨大浪潮，足以淹没半个岛屿。
there is/was the possibility of ...表示“有……的可能性”。
(2016·10月浙江高考写作)几乎没有可能继续在黑暗中沿着小溪行走，但是简没有放弃。
There_was_little_possibility_of continuing walking along the stream in the darkness, but Jane didn't give up.
二、课堂重点深化
1．experience vt.经历；体验 n．经历；经验
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①(2017·北京高考) After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences (experience) at school.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) As to the activities, we plan to invite experienced (experience) players to give training to us every Friday afternoon.
③Do you have any experience in teaching English?
[系统归纳]
(1)with much/rich experience 具有丰富的经验
in/from one's experience 根据某人的经验看
have experience in ... 有……的经验
(2)experienced adj. 有经验的；熟练的
be experienced in/at 在……方面有经验
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④ (2018·北京高考书面表达)上周，我们带领外国学生在我们学校体验正宗的(authentic)茶文化，结果证明是非常值得的。
Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to_experience_the_authentic_tea culture,_which_turned_out_to_be_extremely_rewarding.
2．cause vt.引起；导致；使遭受n.原因；事业；目标
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The poor harvest caused prices to_rise (rise) sharply.
②Drunk driving is one of the most common causes (cause) of traffic accidents.
[系统归纳]
(1)cause sb. sth. 给某人造成某种结果
cause sb.to do sth. 导致某人做某事
(2)the cause of ... ……的原因
cause and effect 因果；因果关系
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③根据最近的调查研究，喝浓咖啡与患心脏病并没有必然的因果关系。
According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is_not_necessarily cause and_effect.
3．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.
[系统归纳]
bury one's head/face in one's hands 用手抱头/掩面
bury oneself in＝be buried in 埋头于；专心于
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
②随着高考临近，我们高三学生都在埋头于繁忙的学习中。
As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, we_senior_high_school_students are_buried_in_busy_work.
表示“专注于；致力于；埋头于”的短语还有：
①be devoted to＝devote oneself to
②be occupied with＝occupy oneself with/in doing
③be absorbed in ④concentrate on
⑤focus on ⑥fix one's attention on
4．occur vi.发生；出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①A good idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning.
②It occurred to me to_go (go) to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.
[系统归纳]
sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③连同你的精彩创新，你需要上交一份报告，解释你是如何想到这个主意的以及你所用的材料。
Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining_how the_idea occurred to_you_and_what_materials_you_used.
5．strike vt.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；突然想到；击中；敲(钟)；(时钟)报时；擦燃(火柴)；打动 n．(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；罢工
[自主体验]
写出下列句中strike的含义
①The town hall clock struck midnight.(时钟)报时
②She lost her temper and struck him in the face.击中
③Within half an hour, all the drivers were out on strike.罢工
④What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.打动
⑤It was extremely dark in the passage so he struck a match.擦燃
单句语法填空
⑥The first time he met the girl he was_struck (strike) by her wisdom and fell in love with her.
⑦What is most striking (strike) is how smart the children are.
[系统归纳]
(1)strike sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位 打某人某处
sth.strikes sb.＝sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It strikes sb.that .../It strikes sb. to do ... 某人突然想到……
(2)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
(3)striking adj. 引人注目的，突出的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑧我突然想到，我们应该制订一个新的方案。
It_struck/hit/occurred_to_me_that_we_ought_to_make_a_new_plan._
1．pick up卷起；掀起；拾起；接收(信号)；(偶然)学会；得到；整理；用车接；好转；买到
[自主体验]
写出下列句中pick up的含义
①Will you pick up all your toys？整理
②My radio can pick up the BBC programmes clearly.接收
③I'll pick you up at your home tomorrow.用车接
④It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.(偶然)学会
⑤Business has been depressed but they expect it to pick up again before Christmas.好转
[系统归纳]
pick out 挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解
pick off 摘掉；摘下来
[重点强化]
单句语法填空
⑥The insecticide might harm the flowers. Let's pick off the insects by hand.
佳句时时写
⑦我的父母想让我和他们一起去机场接他。
My_parents_want_me_to_go_to_the_airport_with_them_to_pick_him_up.
2．end up结果为……；以……结束
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①While studying, fix your mind on what is really important, or you will end up remembering (remember) nothing.
②Anderson was born into a poor family, but ended up as one of the greatest writers of his time.
③If we neglect our future, we'll end up in failure.
[系统归纳]
(1)end up doing sth. 以……而告终
end (up) in 以……告终；结果为……
end (up) with 以……结束(指以某种方式结束)
end up as 最终成为……
(2)come to an end 结束
put/bring an end to 结束……
in the end 最后，终于
make ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
[重点强化]
补全句子
④The football match came_to_an_end,_and the crowd soon cleared away from the football ground.
足球比赛结束了，人群不久就从足球场消失了。
佳句时时写
⑤最后，当我们校长宣布获胜者时，整个地方爆发出热烈的掌声和欢呼声。
In_the_end,_when our headmaster announced the winners, the whole place burst out with clapping and cheering.
3．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[教材原句] They can destroy houses, but leave_the_furniture_inside exactly where_it_was.
[自主体验]
①Don't leave_the_light_on when you are not in the room.
不在房间时，别让灯开着。
②Jack's humour in his speech left_the_audience__laughing all the time.
杰克在演讲中的风趣幽默使听众一直大笑。
③What disappoints me is that she leaves_me_to_finish the work by myself.
使我失望的是她让我一个人完成这项工作。
④You should make it a rule to leave_things_where_you_can_find_them_again.
把东西放在能够再次找到的地方，你们应该把这一点作为一条规矩。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
leave用作使役动词，常跟复合结构，有以下构成方式：
(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)leave＋宾语＋分词
(3)leave＋宾语＋不定式
(4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句
注意事项
在此结构中，宾补为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾补为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾补为不定式时，通常表示将来发生的动作。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)We can often see many students leave the water running and some let the lights on for a long time, which causes a serious waste of resources.
②(增分要点句)You'd better leave the door open to let in the fresh air.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自然”中的“自然灾害与防范”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一) 各种自然灾害
温故浅易词汇
①earthquake ②fire ③flood ④natural disaster ⑤hurricane
识记生疏词汇
①catastrophe n．大灾难 ②volcano n．火山
③drought n．干旱 ④sandstorm n．沙尘暴
⑤landslide n．滑坡 ⑥typhoon n．台风
子话题(二) 自然灾害的发生及影响
温故浅易词汇
①hit ②strike ③ruin ④destroy ⑤damage ⑥destructive
识记生疏词汇
①destruction n．破坏 ②consequence n．结果
③release n．&v.释放 ④severe adj.严重的，剧烈的
⑤magnitude n．[地震] 震级 ⑥victim n．受害人
⑦epicenter n．震中 ⑧aftershock n．余震
⑨muddy adj.泥泞的 ⑩lava n．火山岩浆
常用词块忆一忆
①donate ... to ... 向……捐赠……
②come to one's rescue 前来救某人
③be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中
④rebuild one's home 重建某人的家园
⑤have much to do with 与……有很大的关系
⑥burn down 烧毁
⑦be/become aware of/that 意识到
⑧from bad to worse 每况愈下
⑨recover from 从……中恢复
⑩cut down 砍倒
⑪volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
⑫bring ... under control 对……加以控制
⑬in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处
⑭take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
⑮return to normal 恢复正常
写作佳句背一背
①A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.
②Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
③The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点 对应学生用书P94
概要写作要点归纳精准化
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The guest speaker is a person who is asked to speak at an event.The person is usually not deeply connected with the event. Instead the guest speaker may support the event by sharing knowledge, offering support, or entertaining others.Speakers may give a special speech at the beginning, praising the efforts of community workers, or interesting children or college students in an educational or informative way.In each case, they are defined (给……下定义) by the fact that they will speak or otherwise communicate, and they have been invited to do so.
Even in the smallest events, the guest speaker can be well worth hearing.Coming from outside of the shared opinion of those organizing or attending an event, they often bring something new to it and provide great fodder (草料) for future conversations.Typically, their success depends upon how well they can give a speech.
Clearly the successful guest speaker must be able to make a speech that will be enjoyed and well received by the audience.Some preparation is necessary, and some speakers fully write speeches or memorize them.It helps very much if the guest speaker is given information on how long he or she should speak, and perhaps what topics would be of most interest to the audience.
Almost equal in importance is an introduction to the guest speaker, which should also be well prepared. Especially in large event settings, the person making the introduction should give a little information about the background of the speaker, name some of his or her achievements, and then perhaps suggest why the speaker is present.One of the reasons that these introductions can fail sometimes is that the person doing the introduction doesn't really know who the speaker is, which is why introductions take some preparation.It may be necessary to do a little reading on the history or background of the speaker to make certain that the introduction is flattering (讨人欢喜的) and provides exact information.
[写作步骤]
第一步：归纳主旨大意
主旨大意：本文是说明文，分为4个段落，主要向读者说明了应邀发言者的概念及相关的一些情况。
文章结构：
guest speaker
第二步：提炼关键词
Paragraph 1：
1.The_guest_speaker is a person who is asked_to_speak at an event.
2．The person is usually not_deeply_connected_with the event.
3．The guest speaker may support_the_event_by_sharing knowledge, offering support, or entertaining others.
Paragraph 2：
4.The guest speaker can be well_worth_hearing even in the_smallest_events.
5．They often bring_something_new to it.
6．Their success depends upon how_well they can give a speech.
续表
Paragraph 3：
7.The successful guest speaker must be able to make a speech that will be enjoyed and well_received_by_the_audience.
8．Some preparation is necessary.
Paragraph 4：
9.Almost equal_in_importance is an introduction_to_the_guest_speaker.
10．Those who introduce the guest speaker should make_some_preparations.
第三步：合并和改写
1．要点1(主题句)
改写：The guest speaker is a person asked_to_speak at an event.
2．要点2和3
合并：Though they have little to do with the event, they may play a part in the event in many ways.
改写：Though usually having_little_to_do_with the event, they may contribute to it.
3．要点4和5
合并：Guest speakers usually add new views to the event, so they can be well worth hearing even in the smallest events.
改写：Guest speakers usually add new perspectives, so they can be well worth hearing however small the_events_may_be.
4．要点6、7、8
合并：To make a speech that pleases the audience, guest speakers should do some preparation work, because their success depends upon how well they can give a speech.
改写：To make a speech that appeals_to the audience, they should do some preparation work for the purpose of being successful.
5．要点9和10
合并：As the introduction to the guest speaker is equal in importance, those who introduce the guest speaker should make some preparations.
改写：Considering the_equal_importance_of_an_introduction to the guest speaker, those who introduce them should make some preparations.
第四步：核查成文
核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词；核查标点和语法；核查词数。最终成文如下：
The guest speaker is a person asked to speak at an event.(要点1)Though usually having little to do with the event, they may contribute to it.(要点2)Guest speakers usually add new perspectives, so they can be well worth hearing however small the events may be.(要点3)To make a speech that appeals to the audience, they should do some preparation work for the purpose of being successful.(要点4)Considering the equal importance of an introduction to the guest speaker, those who introduce them should make some preparations.(要点5)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A strange idea occurred (想起，浮现) to him when he was wandering in the street.
2．In previous (以前的) time, I didn't realize how valuable his advice was.
3．A noisy motorway has ruined (毁坏) the peaceful village life.
4．These chemicals have been found to cause serious environmental damage (损害)．
5．Is there any possibility (可能性) that we can work out the problem without the teacher's help?
6．She is still very active (活跃的), in spite of her advanced years.
7．She blamed her failure on lack of experience (经验)．
8．An investigation is underway to find out how the disaster (灾难) happened.
9．The abrupt change of the climate has drawn worldwide (全世界的) attention to the benefit of green energy.
10．It suddenly began to rain on the way home. Fortunately (幸运的是), a kind driver gave me a lift.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．The factory ❶caught (catch) fire last week. Although it was put ❷out by the firefighters, plenty of losses have been brought about. The police suspected that someone set fire ❸to it. After making some investigations, it was found that a burning cigarette end caused the fire. Of course, the man concerned was to blame for it, and ended ❹up in prison.
2．Great changes have taken place in our school since 2000. Although there are 3,000 students ❶in all in our school, almost half of them have been admitted to key universities. So every time we refer ❷to our school, we can't help feeling proud of it. I wish every one of our school could take ❸off in the coming year.
3．A violent hurricane suddenly ❶struck (strike) the area yesterday, ❷causing (cause) many houses to fall down. Many people had their possessions ❸buried (bury) under the ruins, thus becoming homeless. To their relief, the government took measures in time to help them out after it ❹occurred (occur)．
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子/句式升级
1．在那么重要的考试中他竟然查阅笔记，真是太愚蠢了。(refer to)
It was too foolish of him to_refer_to_his_notes during that important test.
2．如果一个人在事故中伤得很重，你最好让他待在原地不要动他。(leave＋宾语＋宾补)
If a person is badly injured in an accident, you'd better leave_him_where_he_is.
3．很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。(pick out)
It's_easy_to_pick_him_out in a crowd because he is very tall.
4．Is it possible that we can finish the task in such a short time?
→Is_there_a_possibility_that we can finish the task in such a short time？(possibility)
5．The fog was so heavy that it made it impossible for us to get there on time.
→The fog was so heavy, making_it_impossible_for_us_to_get_there on time.(分词短语作结果状语)
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers ❶stuck (stick) in airports. Grimsvotn is one of the largest and most active ❷volcanoes (volcano) in Europe. What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier (冰川) of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer (层) of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts ❸pressure_(press) on the volcano, keeping it stable. As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava (岩浆) from the volcano then ❹comes (come) up to the surface. This is ❺exactly (exact) what happened today.
Now, airlines have to make ❻changes (change) to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of Europe's biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane's engines, ❼causing_damage (导致损坏) to the plane.
The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp, glasslike rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside ❽to_stop (stop) them from eating ashcovered grass or the sharp object.
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
purely， hurricane， use， character， develop， destructive， keep out of， cause
When newspapers and radio describe the damage ❶caused by a hurricane named Hazel, girls named Hazel are probably teased by their friends. To ❷keep_out_of trouble, the Weather Bureau says, “Any resemblance between hurricane names and the names of particular girls is ❸purely accidental.”
Some women became angry because ❹hurricanes are given their names, but many other women are proud to see their names make headlines. They don't even care that they are the names of ❺destructive storms. Because more women seem to like it than dislike it, the Weather Bureau has decided to continue ❻using girl's names for hurricanes.
In some ways a hurricane is like a person. After it is born, it grows and ❼develops,_then becomes old and dies. Each hurricane has a ❽character of its own. Each follows its own path through the world, and people remember it long after it is gone. So it is natural to give hurricanes' names, and to talk about them almost if they were alive.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)．
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I took off my Tshirt and dived into the water.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)What's more, everyone of you will be welcome to take active (act) part in the activity, enjoying the movie.
4．(2017·天津高考)I'm buried (bury) in the English novels every day, therefore I have made great progress in my English study.
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.
6．(2016·北京高考)The race began on January 27.The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night.
7．(2015·天津高考)At the same time, we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class, which you can refer to to learn more about China.
8．(2015·浙江高考)Once we were left to_decide (decide) whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum. I would love to go to a museum, but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用experience, cause, occur, strike, pick up填空)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something __52__ to me. Those brown eyes were very familiar.occurred
2．(2018·天津高考完形填空) I learned this lesson from a(n) __17__ many years ago. I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.experience
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have __59__ us to learn less.Now, I appreciate the silence and the new way of communication it opens.caused
4．(2017·天津高考完形填空)My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise ＄50,000 in support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. This combination of healing myself and healing the world __26__ me as the perfect solution.struck
5．(2012·天津高考完形填空)I tried __23__ trash (垃圾) myself, but the job was too big. I would spend an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so tired of it that I decided something had to change.picking_up
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：人类在大自然面前是渺小的。然而，人类在自然灾害面前体现出的精神是“团结一致”的正能量，这种“团结一致，勇往直前”的精神让我们在面对灾难时变得更加强大。高考也会围绕此类话题进行命题，以弘扬正能量。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]The US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts. The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions：
[2]Can we predict earthquakes?
[3]Can we control earthquakes?
[4]To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault (断层) systems in the country, such as the San Andreas fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections of the earth's surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.
[5]However, there have been some interesting developments the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground.Shortly after this injection (注射) of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.
[6]When the water “oiled” the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, dangerous earthquakes; that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.
语篇解读：为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。
1．Earthquakes belts are_________.
A．maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occur
B．zones with a high probability of earthquakes
C．breaks between two sections of the earth's surface
D．the two layers of earth along a fault
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquake belts。
2．The San Andreas fault is________.
A．an active fault system
B．a place where earthquakes have been predicted correctly
C．a place where earthquakes have been controlled
D．at the foot of the Rocky Mountain
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，该地区为科学家密切关注的最活跃的断层系统之一。
3．What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?
A．They occur at about 4,000 metres below ground level.
B．The injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.
C．They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.
D．Harmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earthquakes.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句可知答案。
4．What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?
A．They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.
B．They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.
C．They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.
D．Nothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震，从而使地震的能量得到释放，因此也就降低了大地震爆发的可能。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
细节理解技法(3)——两步攻克事实询问题
事实询问题，这类试题通常以疑问词what/who/when/where/why/how引导的特殊疑问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。
解答此类试题的两个步骤：①首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义；②然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。同时要注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。
例如上文第3题，根据文章最后一段的表述，可知D项符合题意。
Ⅰ.完形填空
If you're walking through Boston during a downpour, you might see a poem appear before your eyes. For nearly a year, Bostonians __1__ the city streets in the rain may have __2__ poems written on the sidewalks.
Titled “Raining Poetry”， this __3__ resulted from cooperation between the nonprofit Mass Poetry and the city of Boston. The first poems were installed to __4__ the start of National Poetry Month, with several more __5__ to the city's streets last May 13. These poems cannot be seen during dry, __6__ weather, but appear like magic__7__raindrops start falling from the sky.
The poems were __8__ by Danielle Legros Georges, Boston's poet laureate (桂冠诗人). They are all based on their __9__ to Boston, as well as the general themes of water and rain.
“I wanted to draw works from poets influential in the Bostonarea literary, educational or cultural fields，” Georges said.
The poems are __10__ to the sidewalks in a matter of minutes and should wear away in six to eight weeks. While all of the poems __11__ installed are written in English, Sara Siegel, program director for the Mass Poetry, hopes to add __12__ ones in the many languages that are __13__ throughout Boston.
“Our hope is in the next two years everyone in the state will meet a poem in their __14__ lives at least once or twice a month，” says Siegel.“This is a fun and __15__ way to bring poetry to the people.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。波士顿的街道上藏着秘密诗歌，只要一下雨，这些诗歌就会出现在城市的人行道上。
1．A.cleaning B．searching
C．wandering D．repairing
解析：选C 根据上文中的“you're walking through Boston”可知，此处指波士顿人漫步(wandering)在雨中的城市街头。
2．A.copied B．laughed at
C．published D．come across
解析：选D 根据上文中的“you might see ... appear before your eyes”可知，波士顿人可能会发现(come across)写在人行道上的诗歌。
3．A.theory B．project
C．routine D．problem
解析：选B 结合上文中的“Titled‘Raining Poetry’”和下文中的“cooperation between the nonprofit Mass Poetry and the city of Boston”可知，“雨天诗歌”是非营利组织Mass Poetry和波士顿市的合作项目(project)。
4．A.record B．describe
C．determine D．celebrate
解析：选D 根据空后的“the start of National Poetry Month”可知，第一批安装的诗歌是为了庆祝(celebrate)“全国诗歌月”的开始。
5．A.added B．related
C．compared D．contributed
解析：选A 结合上文中的“The first poems”和空前的“several more”可知，安装好第一批诗歌后，又增加(added)了更多的诗歌。
6．A.rainy B．foggy
C．sunny D．snowy
解析：选C 根据空前的“dry”可知，这些诗歌在干燥、晴朗的(sunny)天气里是看不到的。
7．A.once B．before
C．until D．though
解析：选A 下雨是诗歌出现的必要条件，所以此处填once。
8．A.read B．selected
C．invented D．translated
解析：选B 根据下面一段中的“I wanted ... poets influential in the Bostonarea literary, educational or cultural fields”可知，这些诗歌是由波士顿桂冠诗人Danielle Legros Georges选取(selected)的。
9．A.ticket B．passage
C．entrance D．relationship
解析：选D 根据下文中的“the general themes of water and rain”和“... from poets influential in the Bostonarea literary, educational or cultural fields”可知，所选诗歌都是和波士顿有一定关系(relationship)的或其主题是关于水和雨的。
10．A.fixed B．applied
C．expanded D．turned
解析：选A 根据上文第4空所在句中的“installed”可知，这些诗歌被安装(fixed)在人行道上。
11．A.formally B．currently
C．properly D．frequently
解析：选B 根据下文中的“Sara Siegel, program director for the Mass Poetry, hopes to add ...ones in the many languages”可知，目前(currently)安装的诗歌都是用英语书写的。
12．A.easy B．hard
C．old D．new
解析：选D 根据上文中的“hopes to add”可知，Sara Siegel希望增加一些其他语种的新的(new)诗歌。
13．A.studied B．spoken
C．ignored D．preserved
解析：选B 结合上文中的“many languages ”和下文中的 “throughout Boston”可知，Sara Siegel希望增加在波士顿讲的其他语言写成的诗歌。故spoken符合语境。
14．A.professional B．personal
C．lonely D．daily
解析：选D 根据本句语境可知，Siegel希望人们在自己日常的(daily)生活中能经常看到诗歌。
15．A.typical B．familiar
C．unusual D．impossible
解析：选C 在人行道上安装诗歌是一种有趣的、不寻常的(unusual)方式。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·重庆模拟)Now, I'd like to share what I __1__ (learn) through Travelling Guide a few weeks ago.
Thousands of visitors each year enjoy Haleakala National Park, one of __2__ most unusual national parks in the United States, on the island of Maui.Ships stop at the island and buses take __3__ (group) of visitors to see the huge volcano there.Visitors also may take a walk in the rain forest __4__ (create) by the volcano thousands of years ago.
The park offers visitors a sight of nature at __5__ majorities of people never have the chance to take a look.At the top of Haleakala, __6__ (look) down inside what is the most active part of the volcano, we can see that the volcano has left thousands of different shapes of lava (熔岩) stone ever since.Hundreds of years __7__ rain and bright sun have cut long paths in the stone.There are mainly 3 stone areas.One big area seems __8__ (be) deep and dark red.__9__ two areas seem almost yellow and green.It looks as if someone spilled (泼洒) many colors of paint over the huge areas.The lava stone areas are __10__ (color) because the lava is rich in many kinds of minerals.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了哈雷阿卡拉国家公园。
1．learned/learnt 考查动词时态。根据本句中的时间状语“a few weeks ago”可知，该空应用一般过去时。
2．the 考查冠词。此处表示“美国最不同寻常的国家公园之一”，这里应用形容词的最高级修饰national parks，故该空填the。
3．groups 考查名词复数。根据上文中的Thousands of visitors可知游客很多，又因group是可数名词，这里表示“成群的游客”，故用group的复数形式。
4．created 考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，forest后面的部分作定语修饰rain forest，且rain forest与动词create之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
5．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句中的“The park offers visitors a sight of nature”是主句，“at __5__ majorities ... a look”是定语从句，空处在定语从句中作at的宾语，代指a sight of nature，故用which。
6．looking 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句中第二个逗号后面的部分是主句，这里应用非谓语动词作状语，look与主句的主语we构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故该处用现在分词。
7．of 考查介词。of用于month, year等名词后以表示某状态或活动持续的时长。
8．to be 考查非谓语动词。seem to do sth.为固定用法。
9．Another 考查限定词。根据上文中的3 stone areas和One big area可知，这里用Another。another two areas表示“另外两个地区”。
10．colorful 考查形容词。该空作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，故用形容词。colorful表示“色彩丰富的”。
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