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2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮人教新课改省份专用讲义：必修5Unit1Greatscientists
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Unit 1 Great scientists
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1.characteristic n． 特征；特性
2.radium n. 镭
3.analyse vt. 分析
4.physician n. 医生；内科医师
5.outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)
6.victim n. 受害者
7.enquiry n. 询问
8.neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近
9.pump n. 泵；抽水机
vt. (用泵)抽(水)
10.firework n. 烟火(燃放)
11.chart n. 图表
12.enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1.defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫
n. 失败
2.expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的
n. 专家；行家
3.attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加
4.expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
5.cure n. 治愈；痊愈
vt. 治愈；治疗
6.absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心
7.suspect vt. 认为；怀疑
n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
8.foresee vt. 预见；预知
9.blame vt. 责备；谴责
n. 过失；责备
10.handle n. 柄；把手
vt. 处理；操纵
11.link vt.& n. 连接；联系
12.positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1.challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.挑战性的
2.cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution n．小心；警告
3.pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染
4.instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．传授→instructions pl.用法说明；指示；命令
5.conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束
6.contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献；捐款
7.reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃
8.scientific adj.科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
9.announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；宣告者
10.certainty n．确信；确实→certain adj.确实的；肯定的→certainly adv.确定；肯定
11.construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物
12.responsible adj.有责任的；负责的→responsibility n．责任；负责
13.painter n．画家；油漆匠→paint v．绘画；涂→painting n．油画；水彩画
14.universe n．宇宙；世界→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的→universally adv.普遍地
15.movement n．移动；运动；动作→move v．移动；运动
[语境活用]
1.It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I also came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)
2.The writer personally contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his contributions were gratefully received.(contribute)
3.Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy, whose announcement of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce)
4.The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)
5.I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge.Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging.(challenge)
6.I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save people's lives.(science)
7.In the class, our teacher often instructs us to improve our reading ability and his instruction makes a difference in our English learning.(instruct)
8.We'll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions.(responsible)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.put_forward 提出
2.draw_a_conclusion 得出结论
3.expose_...to 使显露；暴露
4.link_...to_...将……和……联系或连接起来
5.apart_from 除……之外；此外
6.make_sense 讲得通；有意义
7.(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的
8.be_to_blame 应受谴责/责备
9.look_into 调查
10.lead_to 导致；通向
1.The official plan put_forward by China to build the Belt & Road was supported by many countries.
2.We must be_strict_with our students while we should give them love and care as well.
3.I wrote a letter of complaint, and the manager has promised to look_into the matter.
4.We can't draw_a_conclusion without having a wide investigation into this matter.
5.Apart_from the English class, I took an active part in all kinds of English activities.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列的句子成分。
秋天，这儿既不太热又不太冷。
In autumn, it's neither_too_hot_nor_too_cold_here.
2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
every time“每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句。
每次我听到这首歌，它就使我想起与祖母在一起的幸福时光。
Every_time_I_hear_the_song,_it makes me think of the happy days when I was with Granny.
3.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。
只有当你找到内心的安宁的时候，你才会与他人保持良好的关系。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will_you_keep_good_relationships with others.
二、课堂重点深化
1．conclude vt.& vi.推断出；结束；达成；缔结
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He concluded his speech with a famous saying：“Where there is a will, there is a way.”
②I've come to the conclusion (conclude) that he's not the right person for the job.
③In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
[系统归纳]
(1)conclude (从……中)推断出……
conclude sth. 以……结束……
to conclude 最后
(2)conclusion n. 结论；结束
come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 总而言之
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(from/with对比填空)
④He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
⑤When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.
佳句时时写 (一句多译)
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
⑥I drew_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences_that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion)
⑦I concluded_from_my_own_experiences_that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)
2．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加vi.专心；留意
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①As a daughter, I feel it my duty to attend on/upon my sick mother.
②As far as I know, the patients are well attended (attend) in the hospital.
[系统归纳]
attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/a class参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼/听课
attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人
attend to 处理；专心于；照顾
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(attend to/attend on)
③I always have so many things to attend_to when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.
④We must attend_on the people who are in poor health.
佳句时时写
⑤我是李华，我想邀请你听一位著名教授的讲座。
I'm Li Hua and I'd like to_invite_you_to_attend_a_lecture which is given by a famous professor.
3．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing (play) computer games.
②And the more birds are_exposed (expose) to light, the more active they are at night.
[系统归纳]
(1)expose ...to ... 暴露；使显露；使……接触……
expose oneself to ... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于……
(2)be exposed to 遭受到；(使)接触到
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(用expose的适当形式填空)
③Being_exposed to the sun too much is bad for your skin.
④Exposed to so many advertisements, we can't help being persuaded to buy something we don't really need.
佳句时时写
⑤When children are exposed to difficult situations, they are better at handling challenging situations.(用分词作状语升级句子)
→Exposed_to_difficult_situations,_children are better at handling challenging situations.
[名师指津] expose ...to ..., expose oneself to, be exposed to中to均为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
4．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并；理解；掌握
[自主体验]
写出下列句中absorb的含义
①Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis.吞并
②After absorbing enough water, the plants grow well.吸收
③I keep the lesson simple because the students can't absorb that much.理解
[系统归纳]
(1)absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb ...into ... 把……吸收进……
absorb oneself in ... 专心于；全神贯注于
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
(be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(用absorb的适当形式填空)
④The boy sat beside the window, absorbing himself in a novel.
⑤The boy sat beside the window, absorbed in a novel.
佳句时时写(一句多译)
汤姆如此专心于工作以至于他忘记告知我会议的时间。
⑥Tom was_so_absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(absorbed)
⑦So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(用so ...that ...的倒装句)
⑧Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(分词作状语)
5．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
③(2018·江苏高考)Some social app companies were to_blame (blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
[系统归纳]
(1)blame sb.for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；应(为……)受责备
(2)put/lay the blame for sth.on ... 将某事归咎于……
take the blame for 为……负责；为……承担责任
[重点强化]
佳句时时写(一句多译)
诚实地说，李华应该为这次冲突负责。
④To be honest, Li Hua is_to_blame_for the conflict.(blame v．)
⑤Honestly speaking, Li Hua should_take_the_blame_for the conflict.(blame n．)
6．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①(2017·江苏高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
②Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.
③In conclusion, everyone should make a contribution to protecting (protect) the environment.
[系统归纳]
(1)contribute sth.to ... 把某物捐献给……
contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿
(2)contribution n. 捐款；贡献；稿件
make a contribution to 对……做出贡献
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心，并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。
Doing small things well contributes_to_building_up_our_confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.
僻义牢牢记
⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline.投稿
[名师指津] contribute sth.to ..., contribute to, make a contribution to中的to均为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
1．put forward提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
[自主体验]
写出下列句中put forward的含义
①The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.提出
②I think he is fit for the position；therefore, I'll put him forward as a candidate.推荐
③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将……提前
[系统归纳]
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出
put away 放好；积蓄
put off 延期；推迟
put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿
put through 接通电话；完成；使经受
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(put aside/put off)
④Encourage children to put_aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.
⑤It was because of the bad weather that the football match was put_off.
佳句时时写(词汇替换)
⑥He came up with a good idea to solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
→He put_forward a good idea to solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
2．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通
[系统归纳]
(1)make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense 没道理；没意义
(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)
(3)there is no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理
[重点强化]
单句语法填空
①As far as I'm concerned, there is no sense in getting (get) upset about it now.
②In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
同义替换
③See, your computer has broken down again! It isn't reasonable to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
→See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn't make_sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
佳句时时写(词汇升级)
④There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all.
→There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make_sense_of them at all.
3．neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”
[教材原句] Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
[自主体验]
①(2016·江苏高考书面表达)Neither should we embrace online voting aimlessly nor can we deny it completely.
②Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes (take) great interest in the piano lessons now.
③Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
④The teacher is not content with the result.The students are not content with the result.(句式升级)
→Neither_the_teacher_nor_the_students_are content with the result.
[归纳点拨]
(1)neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个并列的句子成分。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。
(2)遵循“就近一致原则”的其他并列连词：
or 或者
either ...or ...不是……就是……；或者……或者……
not only ... but (also) ... 不但……而且……
not ...but ... 不是……而是……
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.
这种现象既不是很好也不是很差；这就是现实中的大学生活，过去是这样，现在依然还是如此。
②(增分要点句)Not you but the scientist is to attend the ceremony to be held in our school.
不是你而是这位科学家将出席我们学校举办的典礼。
4．every time引导时间状语从句
[教材原句] So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.
[自主体验]
①(2016·浙江高考)Every_time he arrived home at the end of the day, we'd greet him at the door.
每次他在一天结束回到家，我们都在门口迎接他。
②The_first_time he came to the city, he decided to settle there.
他第一次来到那个城市，就决定在那里安家。
③On arriving (arrive) home, he set out to do his housework.
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)every time是名词词组作连词，相当于whenever，引导时间状语从句，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
(2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有：
any time 任何时候
next time 下次……时
the last time 最后一次
the＋序数词＋time 第……次
(3)the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant/second) 一……就……
on/upon doing sth. 一……就……
注意事项
此类名词词组可单独引导时间状语从句，因此后面不再用when。引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2017·天津高考书面表达)I do hope that you can pay a visit to Tianjin every time you come to China.
②(增分要点句)(2016·浙江高考写作)Tom dashed out the instant the helicopter landed and hugged Jane tightly.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“科学精神”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一) 科学研究
温故浅易词汇
①study ②solve ③puzzle ④observe
⑤discover ⑥achieve ⑦cause ⑧cure
⑨theory ⑩progress ⑪find ⑫suppose
识记生疏词汇
①establishment n．建立 ②organize vt.组织
③inspiration n．灵感 ④honour n．荣誉
⑤design vt.设计 ⑥development n．发展
⑦undertake vt.承担；负责 ⑧invent vt.发明
子话题(二) 科学家品质与智力
温故浅易词汇
①determined ②hardworking ③intelligence
④talented ⑤outstanding ⑥grateful
⑦mercy ⑧kind ⑨support
⑩devoted ⑪courage ⑫curious
识记生疏词汇
①creative adj.创造性的 ②potential n．潜力
③generous adj.慷慨大方的 ④virtue n．美德；品行
⑤dignity n．尊贵；高尚 ⑥reliable adj.可信赖的
⑦diligent adj.勤奋的 ⑧confident adj.自信的
⑨thoughtful/considerate adj.考虑周到的
常用词块忆一忆
①make a great contribution to 对……做出突出贡献
②become involved in 参与……
③in the field of 在……领域
④get over varieties of difficulties 克服各种各样的困难
⑤play a leading role in 起着重要的作用
⑥achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想
⑦have made rapid progress in 在某方面取得很大的进步
⑧devote ...to ... 把……用于……
⑨receive the Nobel Peace Prize 获得诺贝尔和平奖
⑩face the challenge 面对挑战
写作佳句背一背
①It is science and technology that makes our life more convenient.
②The little girl is so interested in the physical world that she will no doubt be a great scientist.
③In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
④Owing to his great contribution to agriculture, Yuan Longping will always be remembered as “Father of Hybrid Rice”．
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
话题应用文分步写作
假定你是李华， 请根据下面表格中的内容提示，为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文，介绍你最崇拜的一位中国科学家。
姓名
梁建英
出生年份
1972年
职务
中国高铁总设计师
主要经历
(1)1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作
(2)研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组
(3)2015年获奖
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：高速动车组highspeed EMU
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于应用文中的人物介绍，时态以一般过去时和一般现在时为主，人称为第三人称。文章可分两个层次：主体部分应依据题目所给的要点进行构思，介绍梁建英的职务、出生年份、主要经历(1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作；研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组；2015年获奖)，由于所给要点齐全，只要清清楚楚表达出来即可；最后表达自己的感想。
要点1－①：梁建英是中国高铁总设计师。她出生于1972年。
Liang_Jianying_is_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU.She_was_born_in_1972.
要点1－②：梁建英1995年毕业。她一直致力于研究中国高速列车的发展。(devote ... to)
Liang_Jianying_graduated_in_1995._She_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.
要点1－③：她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组。
She_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU.
要点1－④：她在2015年获奖。(award)
She_was_awarded_in_2015.
要点2：梁建英给我们树立了好榜样。从她身上，我意识到我们应该不断努力直至实现我们的梦想。
Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_realize_our_dreams.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
句式丰富多彩，表达高级是高分的基础，因此要对句式进行升级拓展，使表达更充实，内容更丰富。如要点1－①合并升级为名词短语作同位语；要点 1－②升级为since引导的时间状语从句；要点1－③增添她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组的结果“使我们快速出行更加便利”，并使用v.ing 形式作结果状语。
升级要点1－①：梁建英是中国高铁总设计师，出生于1972年。(合并升级为名词短语作同位语)
Liang_Jianying,_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU,_was_born_in_1972.
升级要点1－②：自从她1995年毕业，她一直致力于研究中国高速列车的发展。(合并升级为时间状语从句)
Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.
拓展要点1－③：她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组， 使我们快速出行更加便利。(v.ing形式作结果状语)
She_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU,_making_it_more_convenient_for_us_to_get_around_quickly.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本写作可采用“总—分”结构来行文，使文章显得紧凑。结合要点，根据上下文之间的逻辑关系，可添加过渡性词汇afterwards， as a consequence使文章衔接紧密，过渡自然。
Liang_Jianying,_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU,_was_born_in_1972.Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway._Afterwards,_she_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU,_making_it_more_convenient_for_us_to_get_around_quickly._As_a_consequence,_she_was_awarded_in_2015.
Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_realize_our_dreams.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging (challenge), or we think it's annoying and unnecessary.
2．(2017·天津高考)In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me.
3．(2016·浙江高考)Viewing childhood development as a scientific (science) investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.
4．(2016·浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution (pollute), I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.
5．(2016·浙江高考)The relationships you develop now will probably be_linked (link) to the ones you value later, so be wise about the people who you invest yourself in.
6．(2016·北京高考)However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed (absorb)．
7．(2015·重庆高考)Only in this way can we make a great contribution (contribute) to our family and our society.
8．(2015·天津高考)The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to help cure him of his reading problem.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用attend, cure, announce, contribute填空)
1．(2018·江苏高考完形填空)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had been used up to pay lawyers' fees.To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed (诊断) with a serious disease.There was no __38__， only pain relief.cure
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)After that, feeling the need to explore further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL Club's meetings.I only learned how to sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my slow progress, I was excited.I then made it a point to __55__ those meetings and learn all I could.attend
3．(2017·北京高考完形填空)She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness.She began to host “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to __46__ to the cause.contribute
4．(2016·天津高考完形填空)Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year.Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach __31__， “The highest honor goes to Cathy！” Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm ...”announcing
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：科学精神是一个国家繁荣富强 、一个民族进步必不可少的精神。习近平在全国政协会议上强调“要在全社会弘扬科学精神，要有求真务实的科学态度和只争朝夕的奋斗精神”。科学精神是科学发展观的灵魂，带领我们一步步走向胜利。科学精神相关话题的题目也一直是高考中的热点，建议考生多多关注与此相关的材料。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1] When twelveyearold John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in late October 1931, he had no way of knowing his life was about to change completely.As John heated a container with a Bunsen burner, the container __1__， sending the liquid flying in all directions.John Wilson came away from it, completely __2__.
[2] Wilson spent the next two months in hospital.After he returned home, his parents __3__ a hard time to find a way to handle the __4__ that had happened to their lives.But Wilson did not __5__ the accident as a disaster.He knew he had the rest of his life to live.He learned Braille (盲文) quickly and continued his __6__ at the esteemed Worcester College for the disabled.There, he not only __7__ as a student but also became an accomplished rower, swimmer, actor, musician, and orator.
[3] Many people, faced with the __8__ John Wilson met with, would have __9__ of their experience.Perhaps they would have considered themselves to be __10__ by ill fortune and discouraged in their __11__ to do anything significant with their lives.Wilson, however, lost his sight but found a __12__.Through his practical action and life attitude, he proved to us __13__ that it's not what happens to us that __14__ our lives — it's what we make __15__ what happens.
语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。十二岁的John Wilson在做实验的时候因发生意外而失明了，但是他并没有抱怨命运的不公或者就此消沉下去，而是以积极的心态和行动来面对自己的每一天。
1．A.leaked B．exploded
C．collapsed D．melted
解析：选B 根据下文中的“sending the liquid flying in all directions”可知，器皿爆炸了，使得液体四处飞溅。explode“爆炸”符合语境。leak“泄漏”；collapse“倒塌”；melt“融化”。
2．A.dumb B．lame
C．deaf D．blind
解析：选D 根据下文中的“He learned Braille (盲文) quickly”“lost his sight”可知，他失明了。故blind“失明的”符合语境。
3．A.called for B．drove off
C．went through D．depended on
解析：选C 他从医院回来后，他的父母度过了一段困难时期。go through“经历，度过”符合语境。call for“要求”；drive off“击退，赶走”；depend on“依赖”。
4．A.catastrophe B．coincidence
C．dilemma D．drawback
解析：选A 根据上文提及的John Wilson在做实验时因为意外而失明的内容和下文的“a disaster”可知，他的父母为找到应对发生在他们身上的灾难的办法而度过了一段困难时期。catastrophe“灾难”符合语境。coincidence“巧合”；dilemma“进退两难的困境”；drawback“缺点”。
5．A.elect B．appoint
C．regard D．recommend
解析：选C 但是John Wilson并没有把这起事故当作灾难。regard ...as ...“把……看成是……”符合语境。elect ...as ...“把……选为……”； appoint ...as ...“把……任命为……”； recommend ...as ...“把……推荐为……”。
6．A.education B．occupation
C．contribution D．recovery
解析：选A 根据下文中的“at the esteemed Worcester College for the disabled”“as a student”可知，他在为残疾人开办的院校继续接受教育。education“教育”符合语境。occupation“职业”；contribution“贡献”；recovery“痊愈，恢复”。
7．A.survived B．shone
C．competed D．registered
解析：选B 根据下文中的“but also became an accomplished rower, swimmer, actor, musician, and orator”可知，作为一位学生，他不但成绩优秀，而且在诸多方面都表现突出。shine“出色”符合语境。survive“幸存，幸免于难”；compete“竞争”；register“登记，注册”。
8．A.discrimination B．resistance
C．circumstances D．uncertainties
解析：选C 面对John Wilson遇到的情况，许多人都可能会怨天尤人。circumstance“情况，情形”符合语境。discrimination“歧视”；resistance“抵制”；uncertainty“不确定的事情”。
9．A.dreamed B．thought
C．approved D．complained
解析：选D 参见上题解析。complain“抱怨”。
10．A.criticized B．motivated
C．surrounded D．interrupted
解析：选C 根据下文中的“ill fortune”“discouraged”可知，他们会认为自己被厄运缠身了。surround“包围，环绕”符合语境。criticize“批评”；motivate“激发”；interrupt“打断”。
11．A.preferences B．requirements
C．failures D．attempts
解析：选D 他们在尝试做人生中任何重要的事情时也会感到沮丧。attempt“尝试，试图”符合语境。preference“偏爱”；requirement“要求”；failure“失败”。
12．A.bridge B．vision
C．reward D．cure
解析：选B 根据上文中的“lost his sight”和下文中的“Through his practical action and life attitude”可知，他失去了视力，却对未来有一种憧憬。vision“构想，设想”符合语境。bridge“桥梁”；reward“回报”；cure“疗法”。
13．A.dramatically B．occasionally
C．abruptly D．roughly
解析：选A 根据上文中的“Through his practical action and life attitude”可知，他(积极的)实际行动和(乐观的)生活态度显著地向我们证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活。dramatically“显著地”符合语境。occasionally“偶尔”；abruptly“突然地”；roughly“粗略地”。
14．A.limits B．predicts
C．determines D．replaces
解析：选C 参见上题解析。determine“决定，支配”符合语境。limit“限制”；predict“预测”；replace“取代”。
15．A.of B．from
C．for D．up
解析：选A 决定我们生活的并不是发生在我们身上的事情而是我们如何理解所发生的事情。make sth.of sb./sth.“理解，对待”符合语境。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
完形填空技法(4)——利用背景常识破解中档题
利用背景常识解题，即将相关信息和我们的生活经验、文化背景知识，以及科学常识等结合起来，进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推理”常常交织在一起，因为逻辑推理离不开背景常识。如上文第2题，由下文“learned Braille(盲文)”和“lost his sight”可知，他失明了。
Unit 1 Great scientists
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1.characteristic n． 特征；特性
2.radium n. 镭
3.analyse vt. 分析
4.physician n. 医生；内科医师
5.outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)
6.victim n. 受害者
7.enquiry n. 询问
8.neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近
9.pump n. 泵；抽水机
vt. (用泵)抽(水)
10.firework n. 烟火(燃放)
11.chart n. 图表
12.enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1.defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫
n. 失败
2.expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的
n. 专家；行家
3.attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加
4.expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
5.cure n. 治愈；痊愈
vt. 治愈；治疗
6.absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心
7.suspect vt. 认为；怀疑
n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
8.foresee vt. 预见；预知
9.blame vt. 责备；谴责
n. 过失；责备
10.handle n. 柄；把手
vt. 处理；操纵
11.link vt.& n. 连接；联系
12.positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1.challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.挑战性的
2.cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution n．小心；警告
3.pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染
4.instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．传授→instructions pl.用法说明；指示；命令
5.conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束
6.contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献；捐款
7.reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃
8.scientific adj.科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
9.announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；宣告者
10.certainty n．确信；确实→certain adj.确实的；肯定的→certainly adv.确定；肯定
11.construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物
12.responsible adj.有责任的；负责的→responsibility n．责任；负责
13.painter n．画家；油漆匠→paint v．绘画；涂→painting n．油画；水彩画
14.universe n．宇宙；世界→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的→universally adv.普遍地
15.movement n．移动；运动；动作→move v．移动；运动
[语境活用]
1.It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I also came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)
2.The writer personally contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his contributions were gratefully received.(contribute)
3.Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy, whose announcement of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce)
4.The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)
5.I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge.Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging.(challenge)
6.I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save people's lives.(science)
7.In the class, our teacher often instructs us to improve our reading ability and his instruction makes a difference in our English learning.(instruct)
8.We'll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions.(responsible)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.put_forward 提出
2.draw_a_conclusion 得出结论
3.expose_...to 使显露；暴露
4.link_...to_...将……和……联系或连接起来
5.apart_from 除……之外；此外
6.make_sense 讲得通；有意义
7.(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的
8.be_to_blame 应受谴责/责备
9.look_into 调查
10.lead_to 导致；通向
1.The official plan put_forward by China to build the Belt & Road was supported by many countries.
2.We must be_strict_with our students while we should give them love and care as well.
3.I wrote a letter of complaint, and the manager has promised to look_into the matter.
4.We can't draw_a_conclusion without having a wide investigation into this matter.
5.Apart_from the English class, I took an active part in all kinds of English activities.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列的句子成分。
秋天，这儿既不太热又不太冷。
In autumn, it's neither_too_hot_nor_too_cold_here.
2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
every time“每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句。
每次我听到这首歌，它就使我想起与祖母在一起的幸福时光。
Every_time_I_hear_the_song,_it makes me think of the happy days when I was with Granny.
3.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。
只有当你找到内心的安宁的时候，你才会与他人保持良好的关系。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will_you_keep_good_relationships with others.
二、课堂重点深化
1．conclude vt.& vi.推断出；结束；达成；缔结
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He concluded his speech with a famous saying：“Where there is a will, there is a way.”
②I've come to the conclusion (conclude) that he's not the right person for the job.
③In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
[系统归纳]
(1)conclude (从……中)推断出……
conclude sth. 以……结束……
to conclude 最后
(2)conclusion n. 结论；结束
come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 总而言之
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(from/with对比填空)
④He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
⑤When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.
佳句时时写 (一句多译)
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
⑥I drew_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences_that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion)
⑦I concluded_from_my_own_experiences_that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)
2．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加vi.专心；留意
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①As a daughter, I feel it my duty to attend on/upon my sick mother.
②As far as I know, the patients are well attended (attend) in the hospital.
[系统归纳]
attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/a class参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼/听课
attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人
attend to 处理；专心于；照顾
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(attend to/attend on)
③I always have so many things to attend_to when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.
④We must attend_on the people who are in poor health.
佳句时时写
⑤我是李华，我想邀请你听一位著名教授的讲座。
I'm Li Hua and I'd like to_invite_you_to_attend_a_lecture which is given by a famous professor.
3．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing (play) computer games.
②And the more birds are_exposed (expose) to light, the more active they are at night.
[系统归纳]
(1)expose ...to ... 暴露；使显露；使……接触……
expose oneself to ... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于……
(2)be exposed to 遭受到；(使)接触到
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(用expose的适当形式填空)
③Being_exposed to the sun too much is bad for your skin.
④Exposed to so many advertisements, we can't help being persuaded to buy something we don't really need.
佳句时时写
⑤When children are exposed to difficult situations, they are better at handling challenging situations.(用分词作状语升级句子)
→Exposed_to_difficult_situations,_children are better at handling challenging situations.
[名师指津] expose ...to ..., expose oneself to, be exposed to中to均为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
4．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并；理解；掌握
[自主体验]
写出下列句中absorb的含义
①Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis.吞并
②After absorbing enough water, the plants grow well.吸收
③I keep the lesson simple because the students can't absorb that much.理解
[系统归纳]
(1)absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb ...into ... 把……吸收进……
absorb oneself in ... 专心于；全神贯注于
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
(be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(用absorb的适当形式填空)
④The boy sat beside the window, absorbing himself in a novel.
⑤The boy sat beside the window, absorbed in a novel.
佳句时时写(一句多译)
汤姆如此专心于工作以至于他忘记告知我会议的时间。
⑥Tom was_so_absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(absorbed)
⑦So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(用so ...that ...的倒装句)
⑧Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(分词作状语)
5．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
③(2018·江苏高考)Some social app companies were to_blame (blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
[系统归纳]
(1)blame sb.for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；应(为……)受责备
(2)put/lay the blame for sth.on ... 将某事归咎于……
take the blame for 为……负责；为……承担责任
[重点强化]
佳句时时写(一句多译)
诚实地说，李华应该为这次冲突负责。
④To be honest, Li Hua is_to_blame_for the conflict.(blame v．)
⑤Honestly speaking, Li Hua should_take_the_blame_for the conflict.(blame n．)
6．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①(2017·江苏高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
②Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.
③In conclusion, everyone should make a contribution to protecting (protect) the environment.
[系统归纳]
(1)contribute sth.to ... 把某物捐献给……
contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿
(2)contribution n. 捐款；贡献；稿件
make a contribution to 对……做出贡献
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心，并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。
Doing small things well contributes_to_building_up_our_confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.
僻义牢牢记
⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline.投稿
[名师指津] contribute sth.to ..., contribute to, make a contribution to中的to均为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
1．put forward提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
[自主体验]
写出下列句中put forward的含义
①The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.提出
②I think he is fit for the position；therefore, I'll put him forward as a candidate.推荐
③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将……提前
[系统归纳]
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出
put away 放好；积蓄
put off 延期；推迟
put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿
put through 接通电话；完成；使经受
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(put aside/put off)
④Encourage children to put_aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.
⑤It was because of the bad weather that the football match was put_off.
佳句时时写(词汇替换)
⑥He came up with a good idea to solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
→He put_forward a good idea to solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
2．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通
[系统归纳]
(1)make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense 没道理；没意义
(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)
(3)there is no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理
[重点强化]
单句语法填空
①As far as I'm concerned, there is no sense in getting (get) upset about it now.
②In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
同义替换
③See, your computer has broken down again! It isn't reasonable to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
→See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn't make_sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
佳句时时写(词汇升级)
④There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all.
→There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make_sense_of them at all.
3．neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”
[教材原句] Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
[自主体验]
①(2016·江苏高考书面表达)Neither should we embrace online voting aimlessly nor can we deny it completely.
②Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes (take) great interest in the piano lessons now.
③Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
④The teacher is not content with the result.The students are not content with the result.(句式升级)
→Neither_the_teacher_nor_the_students_are content with the result.
[归纳点拨]
(1)neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个并列的句子成分。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。
(2)遵循“就近一致原则”的其他并列连词：
or 或者
either ...or ...不是……就是……；或者……或者……
not only ... but (also) ... 不但……而且……
not ...but ... 不是……而是……
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.
这种现象既不是很好也不是很差；这就是现实中的大学生活，过去是这样，现在依然还是如此。
②(增分要点句)Not you but the scientist is to attend the ceremony to be held in our school.
不是你而是这位科学家将出席我们学校举办的典礼。
4．every time引导时间状语从句
[教材原句] So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.
[自主体验]
①(2016·浙江高考)Every_time he arrived home at the end of the day, we'd greet him at the door.
每次他在一天结束回到家，我们都在门口迎接他。
②The_first_time he came to the city, he decided to settle there.
他第一次来到那个城市，就决定在那里安家。
③On arriving (arrive) home, he set out to do his housework.
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)every time是名词词组作连词，相当于whenever，引导时间状语从句，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
(2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有：
any time 任何时候
next time 下次……时
the last time 最后一次
the＋序数词＋time 第……次
(3)the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant/second) 一……就……
on/upon doing sth. 一……就……
注意事项
此类名词词组可单独引导时间状语从句，因此后面不再用when。引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2017·天津高考书面表达)I do hope that you can pay a visit to Tianjin every time you come to China.
②(增分要点句)(2016·浙江高考写作)Tom dashed out the instant the helicopter landed and hugged Jane tightly.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“科学精神”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一) 科学研究
温故浅易词汇
①study ②solve ③puzzle ④observe
⑤discover ⑥achieve ⑦cause ⑧cure
⑨theory ⑩progress ⑪find ⑫suppose
识记生疏词汇
①establishment n．建立 ②organize vt.组织
③inspiration n．灵感 ④honour n．荣誉
⑤design vt.设计 ⑥development n．发展
⑦undertake vt.承担；负责 ⑧invent vt.发明
子话题(二) 科学家品质与智力
温故浅易词汇
①determined ②hardworking ③intelligence
④talented ⑤outstanding ⑥grateful
⑦mercy ⑧kind ⑨support
⑩devoted ⑪courage ⑫curious
识记生疏词汇
①creative adj.创造性的 ②potential n．潜力
③generous adj.慷慨大方的 ④virtue n．美德；品行
⑤dignity n．尊贵；高尚 ⑥reliable adj.可信赖的
⑦diligent adj.勤奋的 ⑧confident adj.自信的
⑨thoughtful/considerate adj.考虑周到的
常用词块忆一忆
①make a great contribution to 对……做出突出贡献
②become involved in 参与……
③in the field of 在……领域
④get over varieties of difficulties 克服各种各样的困难
⑤play a leading role in 起着重要的作用
⑥achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想
⑦have made rapid progress in 在某方面取得很大的进步
⑧devote ...to ... 把……用于……
⑨receive the Nobel Peace Prize 获得诺贝尔和平奖
⑩face the challenge 面对挑战
写作佳句背一背
①It is science and technology that makes our life more convenient.
②The little girl is so interested in the physical world that she will no doubt be a great scientist.
③In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
④Owing to his great contribution to agriculture, Yuan Longping will always be remembered as “Father of Hybrid Rice”．
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
话题应用文分步写作
假定你是李华， 请根据下面表格中的内容提示，为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文，介绍你最崇拜的一位中国科学家。
姓名
梁建英
出生年份
1972年
职务
中国高铁总设计师
主要经历
(1)1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作
(2)研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组
(3)2015年获奖
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：高速动车组highspeed EMU
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于应用文中的人物介绍，时态以一般过去时和一般现在时为主，人称为第三人称。文章可分两个层次：主体部分应依据题目所给的要点进行构思，介绍梁建英的职务、出生年份、主要经历(1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作；研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组；2015年获奖)，由于所给要点齐全，只要清清楚楚表达出来即可；最后表达自己的感想。
要点1－①：梁建英是中国高铁总设计师。她出生于1972年。
Liang_Jianying_is_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU.She_was_born_in_1972.
要点1－②：梁建英1995年毕业。她一直致力于研究中国高速列车的发展。(devote ... to)
Liang_Jianying_graduated_in_1995._She_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.
要点1－③：她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组。
She_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU.
要点1－④：她在2015年获奖。(award)
She_was_awarded_in_2015.
要点2：梁建英给我们树立了好榜样。从她身上，我意识到我们应该不断努力直至实现我们的梦想。
Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_realize_our_dreams.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
句式丰富多彩，表达高级是高分的基础，因此要对句式进行升级拓展，使表达更充实，内容更丰富。如要点1－①合并升级为名词短语作同位语；要点 1－②升级为since引导的时间状语从句；要点1－③增添她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组的结果“使我们快速出行更加便利”，并使用v.ing 形式作结果状语。
升级要点1－①：梁建英是中国高铁总设计师，出生于1972年。(合并升级为名词短语作同位语)
Liang_Jianying,_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU,_was_born_in_1972.
升级要点1－②：自从她1995年毕业，她一直致力于研究中国高速列车的发展。(合并升级为时间状语从句)
Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.
拓展要点1－③：她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组， 使我们快速出行更加便利。(v.ing形式作结果状语)
She_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU,_making_it_more_convenient_for_us_to_get_around_quickly.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本写作可采用“总—分”结构来行文，使文章显得紧凑。结合要点，根据上下文之间的逻辑关系，可添加过渡性词汇afterwards， as a consequence使文章衔接紧密，过渡自然。
Liang_Jianying,_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU,_was_born_in_1972.Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway._Afterwards,_she_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU,_making_it_more_convenient_for_us_to_get_around_quickly._As_a_consequence,_she_was_awarded_in_2015.
Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_realize_our_dreams.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging (challenge), or we think it's annoying and unnecessary.
2．(2017·天津高考)In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me.
3．(2016·浙江高考)Viewing childhood development as a scientific (science) investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.
4．(2016·浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution (pollute), I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.
5．(2016·浙江高考)The relationships you develop now will probably be_linked (link) to the ones you value later, so be wise about the people who you invest yourself in.
6．(2016·北京高考)However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed (absorb)．
7．(2015·重庆高考)Only in this way can we make a great contribution (contribute) to our family and our society.
8．(2015·天津高考)The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to help cure him of his reading problem.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用attend, cure, announce, contribute填空)
1．(2018·江苏高考完形填空)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had been used up to pay lawyers' fees.To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed (诊断) with a serious disease.There was no __38__， only pain relief.cure
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)After that, feeling the need to explore further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL Club's meetings.I only learned how to sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my slow progress, I was excited.I then made it a point to __55__ those meetings and learn all I could.attend
3．(2017·北京高考完形填空)She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness.She began to host “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to __46__ to the cause.contribute
4．(2016·天津高考完形填空)Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year.Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach __31__， “The highest honor goes to Cathy！” Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm ...”announcing
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：科学精神是一个国家繁荣富强 、一个民族进步必不可少的精神。习近平在全国政协会议上强调“要在全社会弘扬科学精神，要有求真务实的科学态度和只争朝夕的奋斗精神”。科学精神是科学发展观的灵魂，带领我们一步步走向胜利。科学精神相关话题的题目也一直是高考中的热点，建议考生多多关注与此相关的材料。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1] When twelveyearold John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in late October 1931, he had no way of knowing his life was about to change completely.As John heated a container with a Bunsen burner, the container __1__， sending the liquid flying in all directions.John Wilson came away from it, completely __2__.
[2] Wilson spent the next two months in hospital.After he returned home, his parents __3__ a hard time to find a way to handle the __4__ that had happened to their lives.But Wilson did not __5__ the accident as a disaster.He knew he had the rest of his life to live.He learned Braille (盲文) quickly and continued his __6__ at the esteemed Worcester College for the disabled.There, he not only __7__ as a student but also became an accomplished rower, swimmer, actor, musician, and orator.
[3] Many people, faced with the __8__ John Wilson met with, would have __9__ of their experience.Perhaps they would have considered themselves to be __10__ by ill fortune and discouraged in their __11__ to do anything significant with their lives.Wilson, however, lost his sight but found a __12__.Through his practical action and life attitude, he proved to us __13__ that it's not what happens to us that __14__ our lives — it's what we make __15__ what happens.
语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。十二岁的John Wilson在做实验的时候因发生意外而失明了，但是他并没有抱怨命运的不公或者就此消沉下去，而是以积极的心态和行动来面对自己的每一天。
1．A.leaked B．exploded
C．collapsed D．melted
解析：选B 根据下文中的“sending the liquid flying in all directions”可知，器皿爆炸了，使得液体四处飞溅。explode“爆炸”符合语境。leak“泄漏”；collapse“倒塌”；melt“融化”。
2．A.dumb B．lame
C．deaf D．blind
解析：选D 根据下文中的“He learned Braille (盲文) quickly”“lost his sight”可知，他失明了。故blind“失明的”符合语境。
3．A.called for B．drove off
C．went through D．depended on
解析：选C 他从医院回来后，他的父母度过了一段困难时期。go through“经历，度过”符合语境。call for“要求”；drive off“击退，赶走”；depend on“依赖”。
4．A.catastrophe B．coincidence
C．dilemma D．drawback
解析：选A 根据上文提及的John Wilson在做实验时因为意外而失明的内容和下文的“a disaster”可知，他的父母为找到应对发生在他们身上的灾难的办法而度过了一段困难时期。catastrophe“灾难”符合语境。coincidence“巧合”；dilemma“进退两难的困境”；drawback“缺点”。
5．A.elect B．appoint
C．regard D．recommend
解析：选C 但是John Wilson并没有把这起事故当作灾难。regard ...as ...“把……看成是……”符合语境。elect ...as ...“把……选为……”； appoint ...as ...“把……任命为……”； recommend ...as ...“把……推荐为……”。
6．A.education B．occupation
C．contribution D．recovery
解析：选A 根据下文中的“at the esteemed Worcester College for the disabled”“as a student”可知，他在为残疾人开办的院校继续接受教育。education“教育”符合语境。occupation“职业”；contribution“贡献”；recovery“痊愈，恢复”。
7．A.survived B．shone
C．competed D．registered
解析：选B 根据下文中的“but also became an accomplished rower, swimmer, actor, musician, and orator”可知，作为一位学生，他不但成绩优秀，而且在诸多方面都表现突出。shine“出色”符合语境。survive“幸存，幸免于难”；compete“竞争”；register“登记，注册”。
8．A.discrimination B．resistance
C．circumstances D．uncertainties
解析：选C 面对John Wilson遇到的情况，许多人都可能会怨天尤人。circumstance“情况，情形”符合语境。discrimination“歧视”；resistance“抵制”；uncertainty“不确定的事情”。
9．A.dreamed B．thought
C．approved D．complained
解析：选D 参见上题解析。complain“抱怨”。
10．A.criticized B．motivated
C．surrounded D．interrupted
解析：选C 根据下文中的“ill fortune”“discouraged”可知，他们会认为自己被厄运缠身了。surround“包围，环绕”符合语境。criticize“批评”；motivate“激发”；interrupt“打断”。
11．A.preferences B．requirements
C．failures D．attempts
解析：选D 他们在尝试做人生中任何重要的事情时也会感到沮丧。attempt“尝试，试图”符合语境。preference“偏爱”；requirement“要求”；failure“失败”。
12．A.bridge B．vision
C．reward D．cure
解析：选B 根据上文中的“lost his sight”和下文中的“Through his practical action and life attitude”可知，他失去了视力，却对未来有一种憧憬。vision“构想，设想”符合语境。bridge“桥梁”；reward“回报”；cure“疗法”。
13．A.dramatically B．occasionally
C．abruptly D．roughly
解析：选A 根据上文中的“Through his practical action and life attitude”可知，他(积极的)实际行动和(乐观的)生活态度显著地向我们证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活。dramatically“显著地”符合语境。occasionally“偶尔”；abruptly“突然地”；roughly“粗略地”。
14．A.limits B．predicts
C．determines D．replaces
解析：选C 参见上题解析。determine“决定，支配”符合语境。limit“限制”；predict“预测”；replace“取代”。
15．A.of B．from
C．for D．up
解析：选A 决定我们生活的并不是发生在我们身上的事情而是我们如何理解所发生的事情。make sth.of sb./sth.“理解，对待”符合语境。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
完形填空技法(4)——利用背景常识破解中档题
利用背景常识解题，即将相关信息和我们的生活经验、文化背景知识，以及科学常识等结合起来，进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推理”常常交织在一起，因为逻辑推理离不开背景常识。如上文第2题，由下文“learned Braille(盲文)”和“lost his sight”可知，他失明了。
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