2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦学案：必修2Unit2　Wishyouwerehere

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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．desert n．沙漠
vt. 抛弃，舍弃
2．rough adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；大概的
3．altogether adv. 总共
4．atmosphere n. 空气；大气层
5．destination n. 目的地
6．publish vt. 出版；发表
7．adventure n. 冒险；冒险经历
8．extraordinary adj. 不同寻常的
9．afterwards adv. 后来，然后
10．wander vi.&vt. 漫游，游荡；徘徊；漂泊
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．advance n. 前进；预先
vi. 前进；进步
2．supply n．&vt. 提供，供给，补给
3．tourism n. 旅游业
4．schedule n．&vt. 计划
5．view vt. 观看；看待
n. 景色；观点
6．beauty n. 美；美好的人或物
7．spot n. 地点，场所
8．harmony n. 和谐，协调，融洽
9．bury vt. 埋葬；埋藏
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．reflect vt.反射(声、光、热等)；反映→reflection n．反映，反射
2．arrange vt.&vi.安排→arrangement n．安排，布置
3．defence n．防御；保护→defend v．保护，保卫
4．tiring adj.让人疲劳的，累人的→tire v．使……疲劳→tired adj.(人)疲劳的；困倦的→tiredness n．疲劳，疲倦
5．scare vt.使恐惧，惊吓→scary adj.使人惊恐的，吓人的，可怕的→scared adj.惊慌的，吓坏的
6．explore vt.& vi.探索；勘探→exploration n．探险→explorer n．探险者
7．announce vt.宣布，宣称→announcement n．通告，宣布，声明
8．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的，不自在的→comfortable adj.舒服的→comfort v．& n．安慰
9．officially adv.官方地，正式地→official adj.正式的，官方的 n．官员
10．surrounding adj.周围的，附近的→surround vt.包围→surroundings n．环境；周围的事物
11．protection n．保护→protect v．保护→protective adj.防护的

1.“说”法不同
①swear 发誓
②claim 声称，要求
③murmur 低语，小声说
④whisper 小声说，耳语
⑤declare 宣布，声明
⑥inform 通知，告诉
⑦announce 宣布，宣称
2.几个重要转化词
①tower n．塔→v.高耸，超越
②house n．房屋→v.给房子住
③book n．书→v.订购，预订
④seat n．座位→v.给安排座位
⑤mark n．记号→v.做标记
⑥head n．头→v.前往，去
⑦desert n．沙漠→vt.抛弃，舍弃
3.走进“旅游(行)”圈
①tourism 旅游业
②tourist 游客
③journey 长途旅行
④travel 旅行
⑤trip 短途旅行
⑥tour 观光旅行
⑦voyage (乘船)航行，航海

(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．be_busy_(in)_doing_sth. 忙于做某事
2．in_the_dark 在黑暗中
3．in_case 万一；以防万一
4．be_tired_of 对……厌烦
5．in_advance 提前，预先
6．even_though 即使，尽管
7．up_close 靠近地
8．make_sure 确保，确定
9．in_total 总计，总共
10．be_scared_of 害怕，恐惧
11．look_forward_to 盼望
12．in_the_open_air 在户外
13．wake_up 醒来
14．in_silence 沉默地
15．tower_over 远高于(周围的人或物)
16．at_a_loss 不知所措
17．be_home_to 是……的家园，
是……的栖息地
18．in_harmony_with 与……协调一致/和睦相处

1.“in”短语“忙于/专心于”小结
①be busy in...
②be lost in...
③be buried in...
④be absorbed in...
⑤be engaged in...
⑥be occupied in...
2.“in＋n.”结构荟萃
①in case　万一；以防万一
②in danger 处于危险中
③in short/brief 总而言之
④in vain 徒劳的
⑤in particular 特别
⑥in relief 如释重负
3.“in＋n.＋with”短语聚焦
①in conflict with　　与……冲突
②in company with 与……一起
③in common with 与……有共同之处
④in connection with 与……有联系
⑤in cooperation with 与……合作
⑥in harmony with 与……协调一致/和睦相处
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：before引导时间状语从句
Colin and I plan to spend a few weeks travelling before_he_goes_to_university．
科林和我计划在他上大学之前外出旅游玩几周。
句型2：whatever引导名词性从句
We’ll live with the local people in their villages，and eat and drink whatever they do，including cow’s blood！　我们要跟当地的居民一起住在他们的村落里，不管他们吃什么、喝什么，我们也要一起吃、一起喝，包括牛血！
句型3：It is/was the first time that...某人第一次做某事
I was very excited because this_was_the_first_time I had seen one wildlife.　
我很兴奋，因为这是我第一次看到野生动物。
句型4：be about to do...when...正要做……这时……
Colin was_about_to_get off the camel when a child ran towards him.　
科林正要从骆驼上下来，这时一个孩子向他跑来。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．There have been great advances(进步) in medicine in the last ten years.
2．(2019·北京卷)Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots(地点), leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I’m writing to tell you something about the upcoming volleyball tournament, which is scheduled(计划) to be held in the new stadium next month.
4．One of the major features of the park is that its view(景色) is very beautiful.
5．It is illegal for the company to supply(提供) its customers’ personal information to other people.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)He said the lucky woman will be announced(announce) on the website and the trip will be shared online.
7．Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings(surround)．
8．Buried(bury) in reading his newspaper, he didn’t take notice of his dad.
9．He used his left hand as a shield against the reflecting(reflect) sunlight.
10．(2018·天津卷)So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared(scare)．
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The famous star was enjoying the pleasant surroundings when he was recognized and was surrounded by a crowd of fans.(surround)
2．Many explorers came here to explore the mountain.Without doubt, it’s worth the exploration．(explore)
3．The movie was so scary．I’ve never been so scared in all my life.(scare)
4．It’s arranged that the meeting will be held on July 5th, so we must make arrangements for everything before July 4th.(arrange)
5．In time of war, lots of money will be spent on defence and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked.(defend)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
in case; up close; in advance; set off; be busy in
I 1.have_been_busy_in arranging for my winter holiday recently.I have bought a roundtrip ticket 2.in_advance. Now I’ve made up a schedule for a threeday trip to Sanya. I, along with my parents, am taking a flight to 3.set_off for Sanya on the first day.On the second day, we’ll wander on the beach, where we can view the beauty of the sea 4.up_close. We’ll wear life jackets, just 5.in_case. On the third day, we’ll visit Nanshan Temple and taste the local food there.
be home to; be tired of; at a loss; make sure; in the open air
Last year I went on a trip to America with my cousin. We lost our way 6.in_the_open_air during our stay there. I was 7.at_a_loss what to do next. Finally, we came to the place that 8.is_home_to many birds. And we got help from its manager. The feeling was really terrible. I 9.have_been_tired_of travelling since then. I am here to remind those who want to travel: While travelling, 10.make_sure you are safe.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．在作出最终决定之前，我们需要更多的事实和数据。
We need some more facts and data before_we_make_the_final_decision．
2．警察去了嫌疑人的家，搜寻他们能找到的用来证明他犯罪的任何事物。
The police went to the suspect’s house and searched for whatever_they_could_find to prove him guilty.
3．这是我第一次被邀请参加这么重要的会议。
It_is_the_first_time_that_I_have_been_invited to attend such an important meeting.
4．我正要问你同一件事的时候，他进来了。
I was_about_to_ask you the same thing when he came in.

arrange　vt.筹备；安排；整理
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The company will arrange for a taxi to_meet(meet) you at the airport.
②If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5：00 p．m. next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements(arrange)．
③I’d like to tell you that my classmates and I have arranged to_visit(visit) the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)我们已经安排好这部短篇电影将于明天下午四点到五点半在我们学校剧院放映。
We_have_arranged_that_the_short_film_will_be_on_show from 16：00 to 17：30 at our school theatre tomorrow.

(1)arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange (for sb.) to do sth. 安排(某人)做某事
(2)arrangement n. 布置；整理；安排
make arrangements for 安排好……
[佳句背诵] Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.　父母为孩子们安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。
[名师点津] (1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb.to do sth.而不用arrange sb.to do sth.；
(2)make arrangements for中的arrangement常用复数形式。
advance　vt.& vi.促进；前进；提前　n．前进；高升；预先；进步　adj.预先的；事先的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①This research has done much to_advance(advance) our understanding of language learning.
②Having shown you around our school, we will introduce our most advanced(advance) science lab to you.
③It is known to us that we have made advances(advance) in the space technology in the past ten years.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)如果你提前告知我你是否有空我将感激不尽。盼望着早日收到你的来信。
I’d appreciate it if you let me know whether you are available or not in_advance/ahead_of_time. I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.

(1)be advanced to... 被提拔为……
(2)in advance(＝ahead of time)
预先；提前(指事先)
make advances in 在……方面取得进步
(3)advanced adj. 高级的；先进的　
[佳句背诵] If you are to treat your friends to dinner in a good restaurant at the weekend, you’d better book a table in advance.　如果周末你打算邀请朋友去一个好的饭店吃饭，你最好提前订桌。
[名师点津] (1)advance vt.不与forward连用；
(2)enter(进入)不与into连用；
(3)return(回来)不与back连用
supply　n．& vt.提供，供给，补给
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The cars will be supplied to people all over the country.
②In previous times, when fresh meat was in short supply, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.
[能力提升]——一句多译
政府在地震后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服。(supply)
③The government has supplied_plenty_of_food_and_clothes_to_the_local_people since the earthquake occurred.
④The government has supplied_the_local_people_with_plenty_of_food_and_clothes since the earthquake occurred.

(1)　提供给某人某物
(2)a good supply of 大量的……
in short supply 供应不足，短缺
supply and demand 供求关系　
[佳句背诵] The local government supplied the people with food and water after the floods.
洪水过后，当地政府为人们提供了食物和水。
[联想发散] “提供某人某物”的其他表达：
①provide_sb.with_sth.；②provide_sth.for_sb.；③offer_sb.sth.；④offer_sth.to_sb.．
scare　vt.使恐惧，惊吓　vi.受惊吓　n．[C]恐慌
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Local business was scared into paying(pay) protection money.
②The little girl is scared to_sleep(sleep) in the bedroom alone.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
这个孩子太害怕了，不敢独自待在黑暗的屋子里。
③The child was_too_scared_to_stay in the dark room alone.
④The_child_was_so_scared_that_he_dared_not_stay_in_the_dark_room_alone.(用so...that...结构改写③)
⑤So_scared_was_the_child_that_he_dared_not_stay_in_the_dark_room_alone.(用倒装句改写④)

(1)scare...away/off 把……吓跑
scare sb.into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
scare sb.out of doing sth. 恐吓某人不做
某事
(2)be scared of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
be scared to do sth. 害怕去做某事
be scared to death 吓得要死　
[佳句背诵] Some parents try to scare their children into behaving well.　
有些父母试图用吓唬的方法使孩子守规矩。
schedule　n．& vt.计划
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The exhibition is_scheduled(schedule) to run from January until March.
②Mr. Liu，I’m so sorry that I failed to finish repairing your car on schedule.
③—Shall we put off the match because of the bad weather?
—No.Rain or shine，the match will be held as scheduled(schedule)．
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(陕西卷)按照日程安排，我们今天有英语才艺表演，目的是培养我们对英语学习的兴趣。
As_scheduled/According_to_the_schedule,_we have English Talent Show today.The purpose of this programme is to develop our interest in English learning.

(1)on/according to schedule 按期，准时，按时间表
ahead of schedule 提前
behind schedule 未按期，晚于预
订计划
(2)be scheduled to do sth. 计划做某事　
[佳句背诵] ①Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
工作了两天，史蒂夫如期完成了报告。(天津卷)
②In spite of all the difficulties, we fulfilled our task ahead of schedule.
尽管有许多困难，我们仍然提前完成了任务。
view　n．景色；风景；观点，见解；视野　vt.把……视为；看；观看
[一词多义]——写出下列句中view的含义
①(北京卷)While climbing the mountain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.风景
②I can only give you a personal view of how we can live life to the full.观点，见解
③(全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.视野
[能力提升]——完成句子
④In_view_of(鉴于) the present situation, we’ll have to change our original plan.
⑤In_my_view(依我看), you should follow your teacher’s advice.
⑥As the car approached the town center，several tall buildings came_into_view(进入视野)．

(1)in view 在视野中
in view of 鉴于；考虑到
in one’s view 在某人看来
come into view 看得见
get/have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览
take/hold the view that... 持……的观点
(2)view...as... 把……看作……　
[佳句背诵] Standing on the Jingshan, you will get a better view of the Forbidden City which is surrounded by a 7.9metrehigh city wall.
站在景山上，你可以更清楚地看到被7.9米高城墙围绕的紫禁城。
bury　vt.埋葬；埋藏；用……覆盖
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, we senior three students are_buried(bury) in busy work every day.
②He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried(bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)Because he buried_himself_in/was_buried_in(专心于) his book, he didn’t notice that all the others had left.
④(高级表达)Burying_himself_in_his_book,_he didn’t notice that all the others had left.(现在分词作状语)
⑤(高级表达)Buried_in_his_book,_he didn’t notice that all the others had left.(过去分词作状语)

be buried in＝bury oneself in　埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought 沉思　
[名师点津] 表示“埋头于；致力于”的短语还有：be devoted to＝devote oneself to专心于，致力于；be absorbed in全神贯注于，专心于；concentrate on集中精力于，专心于；focus on集中精力于，专心于；fix one’s attention on全神贯注于，专心于；occupy oneself in doing/with＝be occupied with 专心于，忙于。
[词块助记] buried treasure 埋藏的财宝
bury one’s head/face in hands 用手捂住头/脸
spot　vt.发现；认出；点缀　n．斑点；污点；地点
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I was waiting for my friend when I suddenly spotted a man not far from me staring(stare) at me.
②More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)不仅将展出各种剪纸作品，工匠们还将现场向参观者展示如何将纸剪成各种形状。
Not only will all kinds of papercutting works be on display, but the craftsmen will also show visitors how_to_cut_paper_into_different_shapes_on_the_spot．

(1) spot sb.doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with 散布；点缀
(2)on the spot 当场；在现场　
[佳句背诵] Moreover，the scenery along the Yangtze River is amazing, with many wellknown sightseeing spots.　而且，有那么多著名的旅游景点，沿长江旅行的美景令人惊讶。(2017·北京卷)
[名师点津] spot作“地点”讲，定语从句如缺状语则用where引导，从句如缺主语或宾语则用that/which引导。
announce　 vt.宣布，宣称
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It was_announced(announce) that new speed restrictions would be introduced.
②Silence, please. Mr. Dave has an announcement(announce) to make.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(浙江卷)她向兴奋的观众宣布了比赛的获胜者。
She announced_the_winner_of_the_competition_to the excited audience.

(1)announce sth.to sb. 向某人宣布某事
announce that 宣布/通知……
It is announced that... 据通知……
(2)announcement n. 通告，宣布，声明
make an announcement 发布一个通知　
[佳句背诵] Mary announced to her parents that she was going to run for monitor.
玛丽向她的父母宣布她打算竞选班长。
reflect　v．反映，显示；表达；表现；反射；思考，反省
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·江苏卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting(reflect) man’s intelligence and creativity.
b．(上海卷)Sean’s strong love for his country is_reflected(reflect) in his recently published poems.
②Usually a child’s behaviour is a reflection(reflect) of his family environment.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(浙江卷)如果你养成一种思考如何学习的习惯的话，你作为学生的表现肯定很优秀。
Your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting_on/upon_how_you_learn．

(1)reflect on/upon　仔细考虑/沉思/反省……
(2)reflection n. 反映，表现；倒影，
影像；思考，反省　
[佳句背诵] As the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like eating without digesting.
正如谚语所说“读书不思考犹如吃饭不消化”。
[文化佳句]
The word “swimming” can be found in a verse in the “Book of Songs”， Chinese earliest collection of poems, which reflects the practice of the sport in ancient times. “游泳”这个词可以在中国最早的诗集《诗经》的一首诗中找到，这反映出古代已经有了游泳这项运动。
in case　万一
[基础练习]——用case的相关短语填空
①(2019·江苏卷)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in_case they need medical assistance.
②(2019·北京卷)In addition, please pack a pair of comfortable shoes in_case_of the city walk.
③As_is_often_the_case,_he was late for class, which made his teacher very angry.
④You may think of giving up studying.In_this_case,_just think it over before making a decision.
[能力提升]——句式升级
⑤(普通表达)We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people.
(高级表达)In_no_case_should_we_do_anything that goes against the interests of people. (倒装)

in case of 假如发生；万一发生
in any case 无论如何
in no case 决不
in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话
as is often the case 这是常有的事
　
[佳句背诵] Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow in case I forget.
请明天再提醒我关于会议的事，以免我忘了。
[名师点津] (1)in case后常接句子；in case of后常接名词。
(2)in no case位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
(3)如果case充当先行词，后面的定语从句通常用where或in which引导。
make sure　确信；确定；证实；查明；弄清楚
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)To_make(make) sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.
②You’d better make sure of/about the exact time of the arriving plane in case I can’t meet you at the airport in time.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)You are sure to_know(know) more about Chinese literature by reading Tang Poetry.
[能力提升]——一句多译
我确信我会成功通过2021年高考。
④I am_sure_of_my_success in passing the 2021 college entrance examination.
⑤I am_sure_that_I_will_succeed in passing the 2021 college entrance examination.

(1)make sure of/about...　弄清楚；查明
make sure that... 确信；务必
(2)be sure of/about/that... (主语)有把握，确信
be sure to do sth. (主语)一定会做某事
(3)for sure 确定地；无疑地
[佳句背诵] They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have been installed by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.　他们正在努力确保在2022年前为北京冬季奥运会安装5G终端。(2019·江苏卷)
[名师点津] make sure一般不跟不定式， make sure后跟从句时，常用一般时代替将来时。

whatever引导名词性从句
(教材P23)We’ll live with the local people in their villages，and eat and drink whatever they do，including cow’s blood!
我们要跟当地的居民一起住在他们的村落里，不管他们吃什么、喝什么，我们也一起吃、一起喝，包括牛血！
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(广东卷)Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out.
②a.(2017·北京卷)Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
b．(北京卷)Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(湖南卷)不管你怎么努力，如果不减少你的饮食量，减肥是很困难的。
③However_hard_you_try,_it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
④No_matter_how_hard_you_try,_it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.

(1)whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(2)whenever, wherever, however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how，意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。
(3)however相当于no matter how。句式结构：however＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语。　
[佳句背诵] Whatever problem he meets with, he never gives up.　无论遇到什么问题，他从不放弃。(天津卷)
[名师点津] “no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
be about to do...when...正要做……这时……
(教材P30)Colin was about to get off the camel when a child ran towards him.
科林正要从骆驼上下来，这时一个孩子向他跑来。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·天津卷)I was_driving(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
②He had just walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(湖南卷)我正要放弃的时候，老师的表扬给了我回答问题的勇气。
③I was_about_to_give_up_when the teacher’s praise gave me the courage to answer the question.
④I was_on_the_point_of_giving_up_when the teacher’s praise gave me the courage to answer the question.

when作并列连词，意为“就在这时”，可用于以下句型：
(1)sb.＋was/were about to do...when...＝sb.＋was/were on the point of doing...when...某人正要做……这时……
(2)sb. had just done sth.＋when...某人刚做完某事，这时……
(3)sb.was/were doing sth.＋when...某人正在做……这时……　
[佳句背诵] I was reading in the library when I met Jim. It was the first time that we had met after high school. 　
我正在图书馆看书，这时遇到了吉姆。这是我们高中毕业后第一次见面。

维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．It was the first time that he had_listened(listen) to Western music played on a traditional Chinese instrument.
2．With the exams coming near，all the students are busy studying(study) in the classroom.
3．We’ve arranged for you to_give(give) a speech during dinner time tomorrow.
4．His first book to_be_published(publish) next month is based on a true story.
5．In the near future, more advanced(advance) robot technology will be used by scientists.
维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．Now many people have realized the need to be in harmony with our environment.
2．Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a child.
3．Whichever road you take，it will lead you to the station.
4．When the children heard the frightening story，they were scared half to death.
5．The professor had just finished his speech when students rushed out of the classroom.
维度三　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2019·江苏卷)The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.安排
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D．C.观赏
3．With so many miners buried under the mine, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.掩埋
4．(2019·江苏卷)What’s more, the traditional Chinese dress can’t reflect the unique culture of our school.显示
5．(浙江卷)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.提出
6．On the way，we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said，“Lost my job.Family to Feed.”发现
维度四　易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．It’s impolite of you to visit someone without informing him or her in the advance.删除the
2．Whatever he goes, there are always lots of fans following him.Whatever→Wherever
3．Many people have scared into buying imported milk powder ever since.在have后加been
4．He works at perfect harmony with his colleagues.at→in
5．Every evening after dinner, if not tiring from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.tiring→tired
6．I was at loss to understand what had happened.在at后加a
7．The headmaster arranged me to meet Mr. Black at the airport.在arranged后加for
8．I hope we shall all hang altogether in this emergency.
altogether→together
9．Burying deep down in the earth，the dead forests rotted away and became coal.Burying→Buried
10．It is sure that they will win the game.sure→certain
维度五　完成句子
1．如果没有好的教育，就会形成一个与自然不和谐的社会。
Without good education, there would be a society out_of_harmony_with_nature．
2．据报道，这是到目前为止这家珠宝商店第二次遭窃了。
As is reported, this is the second time so far this jewelry shop has_been_broken_into．
3．我正要放弃，这时我父亲走过来鼓励我坚持下去。
I was_about_to_give_up_when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.
4．我希望自己将来有一个学习的好机会。
I wish that I would_have_a_better_chance to learn in the future.
5．我想吃什么就吃什么，仍然不见体重有所增长。
I eat whatever_I_want and I still don’t seem to put on weight.

提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Last month, our school arranged 1.an extraordinary adventure for us in Africa. The destination is an old temple at the mountaintop where a famous king 2.was_buried(bury). But before that, we should cross a desert by camel first. We felt uncomfortable because it is 3.dusty(dust) and there is hardly any shade. We brought some more water 4.in advance in case it ran out. After two days we arrived at the foot of the mountain, where there were some cattle 5.wandering(wander) around. We’d like to take some 6.photographs(photograph) with them, but they were scared away. 7.After climbing endless steep steps, we reached the temple. It 8.reflected(reflect) the sunshine and looked more brilliant. In my view, though it was a 9.tiring(tire) trip, it is worthwhile 10.to_explore(explore) nature and I’ll remember it forever.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①世界上有很多名胜古迹可供人们观看或探索。
There are a lot of places_of_interest for people to_see_or_explore in the world.
②有些人对非洲的草地感兴趣。它们是各种动物的家园。
Some people are_interested_in_the grasslands of Africa.They are_home_to_various_animals．
③还有一些人选择澳大利亚的海滩感受阳光、沙滩或大海。
Others choose to go to Australia’s beach to_experience_the_sun，sand_and_sea．
④通常科学家或探险者去热带雨林以便有所发现。
Usually scientists and explorers go to tropical rainforests to make_discoveries．
⑤人们热爱户外运动。他们想亲近大自然并且放松自己。
People love activities in_the_open_air．They want to get_close_to nature and relax themselves.
2．升级平淡句
⑥用定语从句升级句②
Some_people_are_interested_in_the_grasslands_of_Africa，which_are_home_to_various_animals.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：altogether)
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One possible version：
There are a lot of places of interest for people to see or explore in the world.Some people are interested in the grasslands of Africa，which are home to various animals.Others choose to go to Australia’s beach to experience the sun，sand and sea.Usually scientists and explorers go to tropical rainforests to make discoveries.Altogether，people love activities in the open air，because they want to get close to nature and relax themselves.

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形
阅读理解
A
(2020·池州重点高中摸底)
Many Canadians are aware that problems with the nation’s health care system have resulted in a lack of hospital beds and medical equipment, overcrowded emergency rooms, long waiting lists, and not enough family doctors.

Over the last 10 years, the number of medical students choosing the family practice as their lifelong career has been dropping at a surprising rate. When asked why they lack interest in family medicine, the students cite(援引) a heavy student debt load and the long hours required of a doctor who is managing the family practice. As in other kinds of work, young doctors today want a balance between their professional and personal lives.
In British Columbia(BC) this problem is made worse because the province produces fewer medical graduates for each person than any other province in Canada. The provincial government has committed itself to doubling the number of medical student graduates. This strategy doesn’t come close to giving us the new doctors needed each year in BC to replace those who are retiring, moving out of the province, reducing their hours of practice, or dying.
The primary care system is showing its cracks. Ten years ago, 2，030 of BC’s family doctors were providing obstetrical(产科的) care. Today just 945 are performing this invaluable service. Although delivering babies is a “good news” area of medicine, the hours are long, but the reward for bringing new life into the world is modest. It’s no surprise, then, that many of BC’s family doctors are no longer taking on new patients. In 1999, there were 1，420 family doctors accepting new patients—in 2004 that number declined to 599, a drop of 58%.
The foundation of primary care needs to be strengthened. The Working Agreement between the doctors and the government includes a series of primary care renewal projects designed to make the family practice more attractive to medical graduates, improve upon working conditions, and entice family doctors from outside BC to start their business here. Yet still more needs to be done.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加拿大家庭医生严重缺乏的问题。
1．What makes medical students unwilling to be family physicians?
A．The student debt and long working hours.
B．Long term of study at a medical school.
C．A limited number of places in the medical school.
D．An increasing number of patients and long waiting lists for specialists.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“When asked why they lack interest in family medicine, the students cite(援引) a heavy student debt load and the long hours required of a doctor who is managing the family practice.”可知，学生债务负担和工作时间长成为阻碍医科学生选择成为家庭医生的两大障碍，故选A。
2．What does the text say about family doctors in BC?
A．They are no longer needed.
B．They are too few in number.
C．They will soon become abundant.
D．They are rapidly leaving the province.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“Ten years ago, 2，030 of BC’s family doctors were providing obstetrical(产科的) care. Today just 945 are performing this invaluable service.”，并结合本段最后一句“In 1999, there were 1，420 family doctors accepting new patients—in 2004 that number declined to 599, a drop of 58%.”可知，在BC，家庭医生的数量在急剧下降，缺口很大，故选B。
3．Which can replace the underlined word “entice” in the last paragraph?
A．Forbid. B．Hire.
C．Remind. D．Attract.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段第二句中的关键词“attractive”和“improve”可推知，画线词在此处的含义与D项“吸引”相近，故选D。
4．What is the primary purpose of the text?
A．To show sympathy for family doctors.
B．To inspire young people to be family doctors.
C．To stress the urgent need of more family doctors.
D．To tell the disadvantages of being family doctors.
C　解析：写作意图题。根据第一段的点题，并结合全文的内容可推知，本文主要介绍了加拿大家庭医生严重缺乏的问题，故选C。
B

(2020·滁州高三联考)When Huang Lizhi took her first class in African sociology at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa in February, her professor asked her and her classmates what impresses them most when it comes to Africa.
Unexpectedly, Huang, 31, found that words like “poverty” and “safari”—negative words that were often associated with the continent in media reports—were the kind of terms her African classmates didn’t want to hear. Instead, they preferred to hear the question answered in this way: “Africa is the cradle of humankind” and “Africans are passionate and generous”．
Apparently, there are some misunderstandings between us. It’s true that with incidents like the Ebola outbreak in West Africa and the emergence(出现) of pirates off the coast of Somalia hitting the news, it’s easy for us to keep forgetting that Africa has one of the world’s oldest civilizations—Egypt, born by the world’s longest river, the Nile. The proof is in the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Great Sphinx of Giza, which are both popular among tourists. And the tombs of ancient Egypt have also become endless sources for the literature and film industries.
When it comes to the natural environment of Africa, our misunderstandings are only bigger. But the truth is that instead of being extremely hot all year round and covered by desert, the continent has large areas of savannas(稀树草原) where lions, giraffes and zebras live, the snowcapped Kilimanjaro—the highest mountain in Africa—and even thick forest on the island of Madagascar. These misunderstandings are one of the reasons why the 2018 Beijing Summit of the Forum on ChinaAfrica Cooperation was held on Sept. 3 and 4—to understand each other better.
Indeed, only by visiting Africa herself did Huang see the convenient living conditions, the amazing natural beauty and the friendly people. In her eyes, her classmates were as hopeful about the future of their own countries as they were about Africa as a whole, and they were quick to demonstrate both their strong will and activity. “At that moment, I knew exactly what they wanted—they wanted their culture to be respected.”
【解题导语】　本文讲述了一堂非洲社会学课引起了一部分人对非洲的误解，而主人公经过实地考察后消除了之前对非洲地理文化的误解。
5．Which of the following best explains “cradle” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．A small bed for babies.
B．A basket to hold something.
C．A place for people to relax themselves.
D．A place where something important began.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据下文提到的非洲拥有人类最古老的文明之一——埃及文明以及常识可知，此处表示非洲是人类的摇篮。cradle意为“摇篮”，且结合选项可知，此处cradle引申为“重要事物的发源地”。故选D项。
6．What can we infer about Africa according to the passage?
A．It is very hot all year round.
B．It’s not a safe continent to live on.
C．It’s different from what we imagine.
D．It is bound to have a bright future.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When it comes to the natural environment of Africa, our misunderstandings are only bigger. But the truth is that...”可知，当提及非洲时，我们对它的误解很大。而第四段中也列举了非洲与我们想象中的不同之处。由此可知，我们对非洲有误解，真实的情况和我们想象中的有所不同。故选C项。
7．Which of the following would Huang agree with?
A．To see is to believe.
B．Think twice before you do.
C．A miss is as good as a mile.
D．Don’t judge a person by his appearance.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容尤其本段第一句可知，本文的主人公亲自游览非洲后，才对非洲有了真正的了解，由此可知，她会同意“眼见为实”这一观点。故选A项。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Valuing a Culture
B．Understanding Africa
C．Paying a Visit to Africa
D．Discovering a Continent
B　解析：标题归纳题。综观全文可知，本文主人公之前对非洲有很多误解，但亲自游览非洲后，才对非洲有了正确且深入的了解，消除了之前对非洲的误解。故B项最能总结本篇文章的主题，适合作本文的标题，故选B项。
完形填空
(2020·武汉调研)It was New Year time. We were travelling in a van(小型货车) __1__ toys to the homeless. When we __2__ the spot, something caught my eye. Something or someone was moving in the rubbish. Soon I __3__ that it was the home of a poor family. There were two __4__， both about my age at the time, and a lady I supposed to be their mother. They sat there __5__．
As a little girl myself I was __6__ interested in the little girl. How __7__ our lives were. She lived for the day, __8__ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after and never had to worry about __9__. I had a good education and thus a __10__ future. I looked at the little girl. The only __11__ she had was the wornout dress that she was wearing.
Seeing this little girl I made the decision to __12__ a doll that had belonged to me for a while. When the van came to a __13__， I stepped out, called the girl over and __14__ the doll in her hand. Af first she looked at me with __15__ and wasn’t certain what to do, but then she smiled and I saw __16__ in her eyes. I went back into the vehicle and we started to __17__ off, and that’s when we realized the little girl was running __18__. We stopped again and opened the door. The girl had __19__ with us. She looked directly at me and said two __20__ words “Thank You”．
【解题导语】　“我们”在新年期间，开车去为无家可归的人分发玩具：“我”远远地看见了一位小女孩，她靠在垃圾堆里寻找食物为生；于是“我”走过去，将刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给了她，然后就离开了；“我们”发现那位女孩在追“我们”，于是停下了车，她向“我”说了句“谢谢”。
1．A.showing　 B．recommending
C．distributing D．selling
C　解析：根据下文“我”送给小女孩玩具娃娃可知，“我们”在新年期间给无家可归的人分发玩具。故选C。A项意为“展示”；B项意为“推荐”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“出售”。
2．A.left B．changed
C．chose D．approached
D　解析：根据上文“我们”在新年期间去给无家可归的人分发玩具，可推知此处指当“我们”接近目的地的时候，有东西引起“我”的注意。故选D。
3．A.guaranteed B．realized
C．decided D．accepted
B　解析：根据空后的“it was the home of a poor family”并结合语境可知，“我”很快意识到那是一户贫困人家的家。故选B。A项意为“保证”；B项意为“意识到”；C项意为“决定”；D项意为“接受”。
4．A.boys B．children
C．drivers D．adults
B　解析：根据下文中的“As a little girl myself”可知，当时那里有两个和“我”的年龄差不多的孩子，还有一位女士，可能是他们的母亲。故选B。
5．A.happily B．angrily
C．hopefully D．helplessly
D　解析：根据下文中的“______ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach”和“the wornout dress”可推知，他们无助地坐在垃圾旁边。故选D。
6．A.still B．less
C．especially D．probably
C　解析：根据语境可知，作为一个小女孩，“我”尤其对那个小女孩感兴趣。故选C。
7．A.similar B．different
C．difficult D．ordinary
B　解析：根据下文中的“She lived for the day...to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after...a ______ future.”可知，“我们”的生活差别很大。故选B。
8．A.searching B．getting
C．running D．breaking
A　解析：根据上文中的“Something or someone was moving in the rubbish.”可推知，当时那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找东西以填饱自己的肚子。故选A。
9．A.food B．safety
C．health D．transport
A　解析：根据上文可知，那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找食物，而“我”却得到了很好的照顾，从来不用担心食物。故选A。
10．A.doubtful B．distant
C．promising D．foreseeable
C　解析：根据该空前的“I had a good education”可知，“我”接受了良好的教育，也有一个有前途的未来。故选C。A项意为“怀疑的”；B项意为“遥远的”；C项意为“有前途的”；D项意为“可预知的”。
11．A.present B．decoration
C．requirement D．possession
D　解析：根据上文内容并结合语境可推知，那位小女孩仅有的财产就是她身上穿的那件破旧的裙子。故选D。A项意为“礼物”；B项意为“装饰”；C项意为“要求”；D项意为“财产”。
12．A.give away B．give back
C．hand out D．hand in
A　解析：根据下文中的“I stepped out...the doll in her hand”可推知，看到这个小女孩，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给她。故选A。A项意为“赠送”；B项意为“归还”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“提交”。
13．A.station B．stop
C．street D．signal
B　解析：根据上文可知，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给那个小女孩，所以当车一停下来(stop)，“我”立刻下车，叫那个小女孩过来，然后将玩具娃娃放(placed)在她的手里。
14．A.tore B．placed
C．dropped D．threw
B　解析：参见上题解析。
15．A.anger B．pain
C．surprise D．disappointment
C　解析：根据空后的“and wasn’t certain what to do”和语境可推知，刚开始那个小女孩惊讶地看着“我”。故选C。
16．A.hope B．loneliness
C．anxiety D．astonishment
A　解析：根据上文，他们绝望地坐在垃圾堆旁边，并结合语境可推知，“我”将玩具娃娃放在她手里，她对“我”微笑，“我”从小女孩的眼中看到了希望。故选A。A项意为“希望”；B项意为“孤独”；C项意为“焦虑”；D项意为“震惊”。
17．A.walk B．get
C．lift D．drive
D　解析：根据下文中的“We stopped again”可知，“我”回到车上，“我们”开始准备离开(drive off)，那时“我们”才意识到，那位小女孩正在后面(behind)追赶“我们”。
18．A.behind B．away
C．out D．in
A　解析：参见上题解析。
19．A.got along B．come along
C．caught up D．turned up
C　解析：根据上文中的“We stopped again and opened the door.”可知，小女孩追上了“我们”。故选C。get along with “与……相处”；come along with “和……在一起”；catch up with “追上，赶上”。
20．A.final B．new
C．key D．simple
D　解析：根据语境可知，小女孩直视着“我”，说了两个简单的词“Thank You”。故选D。
课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
阅读理解
A

(2020·淮南部分学校摸底)While we may think it feels good to complain, complaining has some bad effects associated with it.
Why isn’t complaining beneficial? Research shows that it connects our brain with negativity. The brain is designed to work efficiently. This means that when we repeat a thought, negative or positive, the nerve cells form a bridge between each other to pass information in a higher speed. Therefore, the next time we have a similar type of thought, it is more easily passed. This explains why certain thought patterns become habits.
Yet the harmful effects don’t stop there. A study shows that complaining causes the hippocampus(海马), which plays a vital role in problemsolving, to become smaller.
In addition to causing brain damage, complaining also releases a stress hormone—cortisol(皮质醇)—a kind of chemical the body produces when we meet with some danger. Constantly having a high level of cortisol results in high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and lower immunity(免疫力)．
The ill effects of our complaining aren’t just limited to ourselves: they also involve those around us. We tend to mirror the moods of our friends. For this reason, we should be cautious about having stubborn complainers in our circle of companions.
The best way to deal with constant negativity is to develop a sense of gratitude. Just like complaining acts as a poison, gratitude acts as a medicine. Research shows it lowers cortisol levels by 23 percent, as well as reduces blood pressure and blood sugar. It also decreases tiredness and depression. Gratitude is the perfect cure for complaining, a behavior that steals our brain power, happiness and physical wellbeing.
What have you observed about the effects of complaining in your own life or in the lives of others? Have you noticed that when you are grateful, you feel better all round? Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.
【解题导语】　研究发现，抱怨与消极性密切相关，除了导致脑损伤，抱怨还会释放皮质醇，持续高水平的皮质醇会导致高血压、高血糖和免疫力低下，而感恩却与之相反，会带来很多益处。因此人们在生活中要少点抱怨，多些感恩。
1．What do paragraphs 2－3 mainly talk about?
A．The diseases caused by complaining.
B．The decrease of a vital part of our brain.
C．The bad effects of complaining on brain power.
D．The reason why certain thought patterns become habits.
C　解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一、二句和第三段中的“Yet the harmful effects don’t stop there.”可知，第二、三段主要讲的是抱怨对人的脑力的不良的影响。
2．What can we know about cortisol from the passage?
A．Gratitude is an effective cure for cortisol.
B．Our body produces cortisol when we feel excited.
C．Cortisol is a chemical that can cause brain damage.
D．Having a high level of cortisol can lead to many health problems.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Constantly having a high level of cortisol results in...immunity(免疫力)．”可知，频繁地高水平的皮质醇会导致很多健康问题。
3．What attitude does the writer take to stubborn complainers?
A．Grateful. B．Tolerant.
C．Disapproving. D．Skeptical.
C　解析：观点态度题。根据第五段的内容尤其是最后一句“For this reason, we should be cautious about...companions.”可知，抱怨者也会对身边的人有不好的影响，因此作者认为身边有顽固的抱怨者时要小心，由此可知，作者对抱怨者持不赞成的态度。
4．Where can the passage most probably appear?
A．In a newspaper. B．In a medical report.
C．On a website. D．In a radio program.
C　解析：文章出处题。根据最后一段中的“Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.”可知，本文很可能出现在一个网站上。
B
(2020·六安高三模拟)A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.
Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation—for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel(红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.
When the 65yearold first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds’ nests and hatching them under incubators(孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.
A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.
Prof. Jones was awarded the $250，000 prize at a ceremony in London.
“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn’t enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.
Prof. Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.
【解题导语】　卡尔·琼斯教授曾因偷稀缺鸟类的蛋而被指责，但后来在保护动物领域被授予诺贝尔奖，因为他将偷来的蛋进行了人工繁殖，并以此方法挽救了九种濒危物种。
5．What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Return. B．Level.
C．Honor. D．Research.
C　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并结合语境可推知，画线词意为“荣誉”。
6．According to the passage, Great Auk is ________．
A．an endangered bird B．an extinct bird
C．a popular bird D．a fierce bird
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he saved an endangered kestrel(红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk”可推知，Great Auk是一种已灭绝的鸟。
7．What can we know from the figures in paragraph 4?
A．Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.
B．The wild environment for kestrel has changed a lot.
C．Kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.
D．It’s difficult to protect kestrel.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.”可知，当时野生毛里求斯红隼只剩4只，琼斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法来救助毛里求斯红隼，10年后，毛里求斯红隼的数量飙升到300多只，如今野生红隼约有400只。由此可推知，从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋的方法效果很好。
8．Prof. Jones’ idea of taking eggs from the birds’ nests ________．
A．was proved of no use
B．was widely accepted
C．was promoted officially
D．was criticized by some people
D　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“dead loss”及“In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques...in the wild.”可知，琼斯教授从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋来进行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批评。
七选五
(2020·武汉调研)Many people struggle with saying “No”. 1.________ Remember, just because you can do something that does not mean it is required. Understand you always have a right to turn down an invitation or refuse a favor and figure out the best ways to say “No”. Here are some specific tips.
Give yourself permission to say no. Many people have an immediate reaction to say “Yes” when they’re asked to do someone a favor. Keep in mind, you are never required to say “Yes”. It’s actually okay to say “No” sometimes. Accept this as you prepare to say “No” to someone. 2.________
Set up your personal boundaries.3.________ However, that reason does not have to be concrete. Many people think if they can do something, they should. Your reason for saying “No” can be a simple matter of your own personal boundaries. Think about what boundaries you have, and accept the fact you’re allowed to stay true to them.
4．________ People often won’t take “No” for an answer. If you say “No” to people, they may give you various reasons to try and change your mind. Stay determined for your decision and do not give in easily.
Practice saying “No”. It may sound silly, but you can actually practice saying “No” alone. 5.________ Practice giving a firm “No” to someone so you get comfortable with the words. Many people are nervous about saying “No” and may say “Yes” due to anxiety. Practicing can help get rid of some of this anxiety.
A．This will help you say “No” with ease.
B．Be aware of potential persuasion techniques.
C．Find a good chance to stand in front of a crowd.
D．It’s always easier to say “No” if you have a reason.
E．Try standing before a mirror and looking at yourself.
F．It’s rather easy for you to set up your personal boundaries.
G．If someone asks you a favor, you may feel you have to say “Yes” .
【解题导语】　我们可以通过设定边界、不断训练等方式，勇敢地向他人说“不”。
1．G　解析：根据前一句的内容可知，很多人总是苦苦挣扎，不敢说“不”。由此可推知，如果总是这样的话，当别人要请你帮忙的时候，你可能会感到你不得不说“可以”。故选G。
2．A　解析：本段讲述的是要允许自己拒绝别人。很多人会不自觉地接受他人的请求，但是你并不是一定要对他人说“可以”，这是你的权利。记住这一点，将帮助你轻而易举地拒绝别人。故选A。
3．D　解析：根据空后一句“However, that reason does not have to be concrete.”可知，D项“如果你有一个理由的话，说‘不’总是比较容易的”符合语境，故选D。
4．B　解析：空后三句讲述的是，人们通常不会接受“不”的，他们会找种种理由劝你改变主意，因此我们要坚持自己的决定，不要轻易屈服。由此可推知，我们要知道他人的劝说技巧。故选B。
5．E　解析：本段讲述的是要训练自己说“不”。该空前一句提到训练说“不”可能听起来很愚蠢，但实际上你可以独自去训练自己说“不”。由此可知E项“试着站在镜子前，看着自己”符合语境，衔接上下文。
语法填空
(2020·贵阳适应性考试一)China’s space program has become the first 1.____________(land) a spacecraft on the socalled dark side of the moon. The landing on Thursday brought the country closer to its goal of becoming a space power.
Chang’e 4 sent a picture taken at 11：40 in the morning back to Earth. It shows small craters and 2.____________empty surface that appears to be 3.____________(light) by a light from the lunar explorer.
The name Chang’e comes from a subject of Chinese mythology that many Chinese believe 4.____________(live) on the moon for thousands of years.
The landing is an example of China’s 5.____________(grow) desire to compete with the American, Russian and European space 6.____________(program). China also wants to strengthen 7.____________(it) position.
Hou Xiyun is a professor at Nanjing University’s school of astronomy and space science. He told The Associated Press, “8.____________ the whole, China’s space technology still falls behind the West, but with the landing on the far side of the moon, we have raced to the front.”
He added that China plans to explore Mars, Jupiter and asteroids(小行星) in the future. “There’s no doubt 9.____________ our nation will go farther and farther，” he said.
In 2013, Chang’e 3 made the first moon landing since the former Soviet Union’s Luna 24 in 1976. The United States is the only country that has 10.____________(success) sent a person to the moon. But China is considering a crewed mission, as well.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要通过讲述“嫦娥四号”登陆月球背面介绍了中国的太空探索发展状况。
1．to land　解析：考查非谓语动词。the first to do sth.第一个做某事。故填to land。
2．an　解析：考查冠词。surface是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且empty的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
3．lit/lighted　解析：考查动词的语态。根据空后的介词“by”并结合语境可知，此处是被动结构，即“be＋done”的形式，故填lit/lighted。
4．has lived　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，指代a subject，在从句中作主语，故此处应用第三人称单数形式；且根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，本句应用现在完成时，故填has lived。
5．growing　解析：考查形容词。growing 是形容词，意为“增长的”，在句中作定语，修饰名词desire。
6．programs　解析：考查名词的单复数。program是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，应用复数形式，故填programs。
7．its　解析：考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词position。
8．On　解析：考查介词。on the whole是固定搭配，意为“大体上”，符合语境，故填On。
9．that　解析：考查固定用法。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定用法there is no doubt that，意为“毫无疑问”，故填that。
10．successfully　解析：考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故填副词successfully修饰其后的动词sent，在句子中作状语。