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2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦学案：必修2Unit1 Talesoftheunexplained
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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．aboard adv.& prep. 在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；
上(轮船、飞机、火车等)
2．dismiss vt. 不予考虑；解雇；解散
3．link vt.& n. 联系，关联
4．appropriate adj. 适当的
5．discount n. 折扣
6．attack vt.& vi.& n. 攻击；进攻
7．reserve n. (动植物)保护区；储备
vt. 预订；保留；储备
8．incident n. 发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的)
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．due adj. 由于，因为；预期的；适当的
2．witness n. 目击者，证人
vt. 目击，见证
3．base n. 基地，大本营；底部；基础
vt. 以……为基础
4．occur vi. 发生
5．award n. 奖，奖品，奖金
vt. 授予，奖励
6．case n. 案件；具体情况，实例
7．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的
8．evidence n. 证据
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．construction n．施工；建筑物→construct vt.建造
2．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的→puzzling adj.令人困惑不解的→puzzle vt.使困惑，使难解n.谜，令人费解的事
3．amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的→amazed adj.吃惊的，感到惊奇的→amaze vt.使惊异/惊奇→amazement n．惊异，惊奇
4．statement n．陈述；声明→state v．陈述；声明
5．existence n．存在→exist vi.存在
6．strength n．力量，力气→strengthen vt.加强，巩固→strong adj.强壮的，有力的
7．convince vt.使确信，使相信→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的，感到信服的
8．survive vi.& vt.生存；挺过(难关)→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者
9．unexplained adj.无法解释的，神秘的→explain v．解释；说明→explanation n．解释；说明
10．disappear vi.消失；失踪→appear v．出现
11．possibility n．可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地
12．assume vt.假定；认为→assumption n．假想
13．disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n．不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n．同意；一致
14．injury n．伤害→injure v．伤害→injured adj.受伤的
15．organize vt.组织，筹备；安排，处理→organization n．组织；安排
16．humour n．幽默→humourous adj.幽默的
1.“事”可真多！
①incident 发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的)
②matter 事件，问题
③business 生意，事情
④affair 事务，私事
⑤issue 问题，事情
⑥event 事件，大事
⑦sports event 体育赛事
2.“发生”一族
①occur 发生
②happen 偶然发生
③take place 发生，举行
④come about (已经)发生
⑤break out 发生，爆发
3.“信”“不信”由你
①belief n． 相信；信任；信念
②faith n. 信任；信念
③convince v. 使确信，使相信
④suspect vi.& vt. 怀疑；猜想
⑤reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的
⑥unbelievable adj. 不可相信的；
难以置信的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．run_into 偶然遇见；撞上；陷入
2．look_into 调查；窥视
3．due_to 由于，因为
4．take_charge_of 负责，接管，掌管
5．put_on 穿上；上演；增加
6．step_up 加紧，加强，促进
7．show_up 出现，现身
8．make_up 编造，杜撰；构成
9．give_up 放弃；交出；投降
10．send_up 发射；使上升
11．pick_up 用车接；捡起；学会
12．carry_out 实施；执行；完成
13．leave_out 遗漏；省去；不考虑
14．take_off 脱下；拿掉；起飞；成功
15．belong_to 属于；是……一员
16．make_one’s_way_to 前往，到……去
17．dozens_of 许多，很多
18．in_return 作为回报，作为报答
1.run短语一览
①run across 偶然碰见
②run into 偶然遇见；撞上；陷入
③run after 追赶；追求
④run out 被用完，用光
⑤run out of 用完，用尽
⑥run for 竞选
2.“许多，大量”短语集合
①dozens of
②plenty of
③lots/amounts/quantities of
④a large/huge number of
⑤a great deal of
⑥an enormous amount of
3.“in＋n.”短语大团圆
①in total 总计
②in time 及时
③in debt 负债
④in charge 主管，负责
⑤in case 万一，以防万一
⑥in return 作为回报，作为报答
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
Witnesses also say they saw_Justin_walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m.
目击者也说他们看到贾斯汀在晚上10点45分朝他家走去。
句型2：完全倒装结构
Standing_inside_were_lots_of_strange_creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
句型3：主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.
The_Yeti_is_said_to_be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说，雪人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Our school has witnessed(见证) great changes in the last few years.
2．An unexpected storm occurred(发生) when we were enjoying the pleasant voyage at the Yellow Sea.
3．While the police have already done a lot of investigation, much evidence(证据) remains to be confirmed.
4．Due(由于) to heavy snow, flights between the two countries have been cancelled.
5．Everyone agrees that a good state of mind is the base(基础) of success.
6．It is said that human beings came into existence(exist) about millions of years ago.
7．We finally managed to make the customers convinced(convince) of the quality of the vehicle.
8．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The likables’ playswellwithothers qualities strengthen(strong) schoolyard friendships, jumpstart interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
9．The victim was outside a shop when he was attacked(attack)．
10．Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed (assume) that the latter is due to the former.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．His convincing words finally convinced me, and I was convinced that he was innocent.(convince)
2．The puzzled look on her face shows that she is puzzled about the puzzling question.(puzzle)
3．Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby, but fortunately the injury was not serious, not life threatening.(injure)
4．To make yourself strong or increase the strength of you, you should get more exercise to strengthen your muscles.(strong)
5．The workers are constructing the bridge damaged by the flood, and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town.(construct)
6．Luckily, I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident.(survive)
7．We were amazed by the amazing news that an eightyearold child went to college.(amaze)
8．He joined the organization which was organized by Mandela as soon as it was set up.(organize)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
make up; look into; take charge of; due to; dream of
Li Lei is interested in unexplained mysteries and he is always 1.dreaming_of being a detective. Last week, 2.due_to the heavy rain, a car knocked into a tree. The driver wasn’t injured at all while the car broke up. The police who 3.took_charge_of the case made a statement that they would soon 4.look_into it. However, Li Lei learned that there was a flash of light around the driver when the accident occurred. So Li Lei assumed that maybe some aliens saved the driver. When asked about the possibility, the police said it was just an amazing story 5.made_up by someone.
in return; be based on; so far; believe in; pick up
We don’t 6.believe_in miracles. But the eightyearold boy has 7.picked_up five languages 8.so_far. He said his study 9.was_based_on practice. We should make full use of every minute to practice and use our language. Then we can master it in the shortest time 10.in_return．
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我看到他正被老师处罚。
I saw_him_being_punished by the teacher.
2．许多老人和孩子正站在街道两旁。
Standing_on_both_sides_of_the_street_are many old people and children.
3．据说那个男孩到目前为止已背了2 000个单词。
The boy is_said_to_have_learned 2，000 words by heart so far.
puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Her puzzled(puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.
②I have been puzzling(puzzle) about this question for weeks.
③She lost heart since she failed in the exam, because her future was puzzling(puzzle)．
④You must have been troubled by when to say “I love you” because it is one of the greatest puzzles(puzzle) in our life.
⑤It was a puzzling remark and still leaves me a little puzzled. (puzzle)
(1)be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
(2)puzzle vt. 使困惑，使难解
n. 谜，令人费解的事
(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
[佳句背诵] This morning I was walking on the street when I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled. 今天早晨我正在大街上走，就在这时我看见两名游客正在困惑地看着地图。(北京卷)
witness vt.当场见到；目击 n．目击者；证人；证据
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(上海卷)The late twentieth century witnessed(witness) the rapid development of China’s economy.
②What the police did first was to interview all the witnesses(witness) to the accident last week.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)我们将见证我们学校的荣耀，我们一起成长。
We_will_witness_the_glory_of_our_school，and we are growing together.
(1)witness sth./that... 目击……
witness to (doing) sth. 证实/证明(做)某事
(2)a witness of/to sth. 某事的证人/证明
[佳句背诵] Our city witnesses four different seasons，plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节，阳光充足、雨量充沛，但在冬天你可能会觉得有点冷。
assume v．假设，假定；认为；承担
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①We must assume him to_be(be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
②(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the assumption(assume) you’ve made.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)If I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.
(高级表达)Assuming_(that) I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.
(1)assume that... 假定，认为……
assume...to be.. 认为……是……；
假定……是……
It is generally assumed that...
普遍认为……
(2)assuming (that) 假定……(作状语)
(3)assumption n. 假定；假设
[佳句背诵] It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。
occur vi.发现，出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现；发生
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①A perfect idea occurred to us that we would give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers’ Day.
②a.The accident is reported to_have_occurred(occur) on the first Sunday in February.
b．In the next 30 years, we could see more heat waves like the one now occurring(occur) in the U．S.
③It never occurred to her to_ask(ask) for anyone when she was in trouble.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。
④It_occurred_to_him_that he had left his keys in the office.
⑤It_hit/struck_him_that he had left his keys in the office.,sth. occurs to sb. 某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到某事
It occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事。
[名师点津] (1)occur是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。
(2)occur的过去式和过去分词形式要双写最后一个辅音字母，即occurred。
(3)表达“某人突然想起……”的句型还有：
①sth. hits/strikes sb.
②It hits/strikes sb. that从句
③sb. comes up with sth.
strength n．[U]力量，体力；[C]长处，强项
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(湖北卷)To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths(strong) and weaknesses.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to_strengthen(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
③(四川卷)Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to_do(do) the most difficult thing in my life.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(浙江卷)练中国功夫不但能增强体质，还能培养一个人的性情。
Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build_up_one’s_strength,_but also develop one’s character.
(1)have the strength to do 有做……的力气/意志力
build up one’s strength 增强体质
(2)strong adj. 坚强的；强壮的
(3)strengthen vt. 加强
[佳句背诵] Though I didn’t have the strength to climb any further, I finally got to the top of the mountain with all my strength because my father encouraged me all the time.
虽然我没有力气爬得再高，但是我终于用尽全力爬上山顶，因为我父亲一直鼓励我。
convince vt.使信服；使相信
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Our football team is firmly convinced of its victory over the visiting team.
②I’m afraid that I can’t accept your argument, for you haven’t offered enough convincing(convince) evidence.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)我是一名中国的大学生，专业是艺术，我现在在伦敦学习，所以我相信我可以成为一名有奉献精神的志愿者。
I’m a Chinese college student majoring in art and I’m studying in London now, so I am_convinced_that_I_can_be_a_devoted_volunteer．
(1)convince/sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. that... 使某人确信……
(2)convinced adj. 确信的；深信的
be convinced of/that... 确信……
(3)convincing adj. 有说服力的；
令人信服的
[佳句背诵] The picture convinces me that it is even more important to be a good daughter than a good student. 这幅图画让我深信做一个好女儿甚至比做一个好学生更重要。
survive vi.死里逃生；大难不死
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(福建卷)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to_survive(survive) is to live in harmony with nature.
②a.After the plane crash, what the survivors(survive) could do was to wait for rescue on this desert island.
b．(2017·江苏卷)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival(survive)．
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.
(高级表达)Having_survived_that_night,_we were confident that everything else would be all right.(现在分词短语作状语)
(1)survive＋n.(the fire/earthquake/accident...)
从(火灾/地震/事故等) 中生还
survive on 靠……维持生活；靠……存活下来
(2)survival n. [U]幸存；[C]遗物，幸存物
survivor n. 幸存者，死里逃生的人
[佳句背诵] The struggle to survive has greatly improved her health.
她拼命求生的抗争使得她的健康状况大有好转。
[名师点津] survive表示“从地震、火灾、事故等中幸存下来”时，为及物动词，其后不可接介词from或in。
[词块助记] survive on such a low salary
靠这么低的工资维持生计
survive the economic crisis
挺过经济危机
due to 因为；应支付；归功于
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.
②Any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month.
③a. The English version of the novel is due to be_published(publish) next year.
b．The bus should have arrived at 5 p．m., but it arrived one hour late due to being_held(hold) up by the heavy fog.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)Because of my English teacher’s help，my English scores are always on the top of my class. (陕西卷)
(高级表达)Due_to/Thanks_to my English teacher’s help, my English scores are always on the top of my class.
be due to sb. 应付给某人；归因于某人
be due to do sth. 预定/预期做某事
[佳句背诵] The meeting was due to start at 4, however, it had to be put off to 5 due to bad weather. 会议预计4点开始，然而，由于恶劣的天气不得不推迟到5点。
[名师点津] (1)当due to意为“由于；因……造成；应给予”时，其中的to是介词，并且在句中常常作表语或状语；当due to意为“即将/预期做……”时to为不定式符号。
(2)表示原因的介词短语有due to, because of, on account of, owing to, thanks to, as a result of等。
show up 出现，现身；露面
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Poor as she was, she was eager for attention.Thus she had to think of borrowing some jewels to show off at the party.
②Ruse said he could help me fix my car, but he never showed up．He really let me down.
③Having been shown around the library, we were taken to the lab.
④Frank is delighted that his works will be on show next week.
(1)show off 炫耀，卖弄
show sb.in/out 领某人进来/出去
show sb.around/round 领某人参观
(2)be on show 在展览，陈列
[佳句背诵] Scientists know that cancer may not show up for many years.
科学家们知道癌症可能会潜伏多年。
make up 编造(说法、解释等)，虚构；组成，构成；化妆；和解
[一词多义]——写出下列句中make up的含义
①(天津卷)In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations.组成，构成
②They have quarreled seriously three times but each time they have made up and become best friends again.和好
③She spent an hour making up before the party to look more attractive.化妆
④We don’t like him because he is always making up excuses whenever he makes mistakes.编造
make up for 弥补；偿还
make out 辨认出；理解
make use of 利用
make sense 有意义，讲得通
make up one’s mind (to do) 下决心(做某事)
[佳句背诵] Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. 西方人应当利用中国古代的智慧来弥补西方哲学的不足。
belong to 属于
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·浙江卷6月)The students feel that they belong to a particular group.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings(belong)?
③The beautiful building belonging(belong) to his family can date back to the Ming Dynasty.
(1)belong to 不用于进行时态也没有被动形式。
(2)belonging n． 归属，属于
belongings n. 所有物；财产
[佳句背诵] A 20yearold man broke into a museum and stole a painting, which once belonged to a rich merchant. 一个20岁的男子闯入了一家博物馆，盗走了一幅曾属于一位富商的画。
完全倒装结构
(教材P2)Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.Between you and your dreams stands(stand) a lot of hard work.
b．Among all these flowers is_included(include) a kind of red rose, which was given by my friend.
②—Look! There comes(come) the school bus; let’s hurry.
—Here it comes.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③窗户边坐着一位年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
By_the_window_sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
④我们村贫穷落后的日子一去不复返了。
Gone_are_the_days when our village was poor and backward.
⑤(普通表达) There is a temple on the top of the hill. The temple dates back to Ming Dynasty.
(高级表达)On_the_top_of_the_hill_stands_a_temple_dating_back_to Ming Dynasty. (分词作定语＋倒装句)
本句为倒装句，结构为“现在分词＋地点状语＋be＋主语”。
(1)当主语是名词(短语)时，为了强调句中的状语或表语，保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。
(2)当here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，away，off等表示地点、方位或时间等的词置于句首，谓语动词为go，come，run，lie等，若主语是名词时，常用完全倒装。
(3)There be句型中，用完全倒装，除be以外，live，happen，stand，exist，lie，remain等也都可以充当该结构的谓语。
[佳句背诵] Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teacher’s sweet voice，“Good morning, children.” 在全班同学静静地等待中传来了老师甜甜的嗓音：“孩子们，早上好。”(湖北卷)
主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.
(教材P18)The Yeti is said to be a large，hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说，雪人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走。
[基础练习]——用study的适当形式填空
①He is said to_be_studying abroad, but I don’t know which country he is studying in.
②He is said to_have_studied abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.
③He is said to_study abroad, but I don’t know which country he will study in.
本句中用了“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”句型。
(1)主语＋be said to do意为“据说……”，其中不定式有时态和语态的变化。该结构相当于“It is said that...”。
(2)可以用于此结构的动词还有think，report, believe, suggest, suppose，expect，find，prove等。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．As an old teacher he has_witnessed(witness) the great changes that have taken place in the school in the past thirty years.
2．It’s true that the world we live in is full of unexplained(explain) mysteries.
3．Mr Green is said to_have_done(do) an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.
4．To my great surprise, he somehow managed to_survive (survive) the earthquake.
5．The film, based(base) upon the true story, attracted people’s interest all over the country.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．It occurred to me that she would come to my house for dinner.
2．It was getting dark and we made our way to the railway station, arriving there just in time for our train.
3．It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of the two missing children.
4．It was getting late when she finally showed up．
5．Everyone in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and making up jokes.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc.强项
2．He described what he had witnessed in China，which aroused much interest among his countrymen.当场见到
3．(北京卷)She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.幸存者
4．It is for these reasons that I am firmly convinced that this rule will promote the learning atmosphere and our teamwork spirit.确信的
5．He was quite puzzled about what to do next, so he turned to his father for help.茫然的
6．He was determined to try his best to make up for the loss.弥补
维度四 易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．As far as I can see, it is no possibility that we’ll see him this weekend.it→there
2．Assumed that the advice is accepted, when are we going to get the money？Assumed→Assuming
3．She had a puzzling look on her face when she couldn’t work out the maths problem.puzzling→puzzled
4．Take a hat with you in case of the sun is very hot.删除of
5．He took away the bag not belonged to him by mistake.belonged→belonging
6．In my amazement, he actually refused to help me.In→To
7．When the minister came to the snowstricken area, he was happy to see the disaster victims well take care of.take→taken
8．The accident was due to drive at high speed.drive→driving
9．That occurred to me that I hadn’t paid back the money I borrowed from you.That→It
10．There are concerns that these animals may not survive from the winter.删除from
维度五 完成句子
1．预计于2019年年底完工的跨海大桥现在仍在建造中。
The SeaCrossing Bridge, due_to_be_completed at the end of 2019, is still under_construction．
2．她上周在求职面试中失败了，仅仅因为她穿的衣服不适合面试。
She failed in the job interview last week only because the clothes she wore were_not_appropriate_for_the_interview．
3．你应该待在你现在所在的地方不要动，除非别人让你离开。
You should stay where you are, unless_you_are_asked to leave.
4．过去的十年见证了我的家乡经济的繁荣，所以这里的人们正享受着比以前更好的生活。
The past ten years has_witnessed_a_boom in economy in my hometown, as a result of which people here are enjoying a far better life than before.
5．在我看来，人类受机器人控制的可能性是不存在的。
As far as I see, there_is_no_possibility_that human beings will be controlled by robots.
6．据我所知，她的确通过了驾驶测试。
As far as I know, she did_pass_the_driving_test．
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Yesterday afternoon, a 1.puzzling(puzzle) incident occurred near a tall bridge which is under construction. A bus which was due to arrive 2.in half an hour arrived earlier. When an astronomer wanted to go aboard the bus, a detective came to stop him and tried 3.to_convince(convince) him that if the astronomer could make some 4.statements(state), he would get the award 5.belonging(belong) to him. However, the astronomer didn’t accept his advice.
The astronomer was about to get on the bus 6.when a bright light flashed. Strangely the bus and the astronomer disappeared. A journalist 7.who was making his way home happened to see it. Dozens of other witnesses provided the police with the same evidence. But no one could 8.exactly(exact) say where the bus and the astronomer had gone. The police, 9.taken(take) charge of by a Mr Wang, are looking into the amazing incident at present.
Many people assume that aliens showed 10.up,_but I think the truth will be discovered.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①人们对有些无法解释的现象感到困惑。其中的一个例子就是雪人存在的可能性。
People feel_puzzled_about some unexplained phenomena.One example is the possibility that_Yeti_exists．
②据说雪人比一般的人要高。它以惊人的速度和力量行走。
It_is_said_that the Yeti is taller than an average human.It walks with_amazing_speed_and_strength．
③有人报告说见过属于雪人的脚印。没有发现有力的证据。
Some people even reported seeing the footprints belonging_to a Yeti.No strong evidence for its_existence has been found.
④随着科学和技术的发展，今天未知的东西在未来会得到解释。
With_the_development_of science and technology，what is unknown to us today will be explained in the future.
⑤我们希望科学家能解开这个谜，给我们令人信服的解释。
We hope that scientists will solve the mystery and give us a_convincing_explanation．
2．升级平淡句
⑥用定语从句升级句①
People_feel_puzzled_about_some_unexplained_phenomena,_one_example_of_which_is_the_possibility_that_Yeti_exists.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：though)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
People feel puzzled about some unexplained phenomena, one example of which is the possibility that Yeti exists.It is said that the Yeti is taller than an average human but walks with amazing speed and strength.Though some people even reported seeing the footprints belonging to a Yeti, no strong evidence for its existence has been found.
With the development of science and technology，what is unknown to us today will be explained in the future.We hope that scientists will solve the mystery one day and give us a convincing explanation.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
阅读理解
A
(2020·马鞍山质量预测)
If you’ve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “man’s best friend”. But a dog’s life is much shorter than humans, about 12 to 15 years long, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.
Why not make a clone of that dog then? This is the solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has already successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.
To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died. Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg. Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb(子宫) of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months.
The whole process takes a very short time, but it comes at a shockingly high price—around ￡ 63，000. But if you can’t afford it now, you can also save the cell in a laboratory and access it at a later date.
However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one. Just like identical twins of humans, they share the exactly same DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian(斑点狗) clone will be different, for example，” Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech, told The Guardian.
Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “cloneable”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both random elements that cloning technologies simply cannot overcome, Professor Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University, UK, told The Telegraph.
Perhaps bringing our dogs back by cloning is not the best way to remember them after all. Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out, “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了克隆狗技术。
1．What service does Sooam Biotech Research Foundation offer?
A．Making copies of pet dogs.
B．Giving pet dogs identical twins.
C．Helping dogs give birth to more puppies.
D．Helping dog owners love their dogs more.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Now, Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.”可知，这家公司所提供的服务就是克隆已逝的宠物狗，故选A。
2．Which order is correct in the dog cloning process?
a．An egg is taken from another dog.
b．A skin cell is taken from the pet dog.
c．The egg grows into a puppy in two months.
d．The egg is placed in the womb of a female dog.
e．The DNA in the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin cell.
A．a→d→b→e→c． B．a→e→b→d→c.
C．b→a→d→e→c. D．b→a→e→d→c.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，实验的第一步是从狗身上提取皮肤细胞，另一只被选择的狗提供一个卵子，将卵子中的DNA替换成皮肤细胞中的DNA之后，将卵子植入一只母狗的子宫，最后卵子在接下来的两个月中生长为一只小狗，故选D。
3．What can we learn about dog cloning from the passage?
A．It has not been put into practice until recently.
B．It is very popular among US and UK pet owners.
C．It might not give the owners an exactly same dog.
D．It is very expensive and usually takes half a year to complete.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one.”可知，克隆狗和原来的狗可能并非完全一样，故选 C。
4．What does Kirkwood think of dog cloning?
A．He disagrees with it.
B．He supports it.
C．He is curious about it.
D．He thinks it unbelievable.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段Kirkwood说的话“An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”可知，他认为人类和宠物狗之间的关系的一个重要方面是要接受失去它们的痛苦。由此可推知，Kirkwood并不赞成克隆狗，故选A。
B
(2020·黄山高三模拟)
Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding applications as household help and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent.
A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at LudwigMaximiliansUniversität(LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles.
According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question：“Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？” The participants were faced with a hypothetical(假设的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine.
The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous(无名的) humans.
“This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot，” says Paulus. “One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could come into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人不仅可以帮助人类执行危险的任务，现代智能机器人还能帮助人们处理日常生活问题。研究表明，将机器人过于人性化的尝试将对人产生困扰。
5．What has become a concern about robots?
A．How to humanize them.
B．How to treat them in life.
C．How to use them effectively.
D．How to find more applications.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent”和第二段中的“have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles”可知，如何在生活中对待机器人已经成为人们担心的一个问题，故B项正确。
6．In the study the participants probably have to decide ________．
A．when to sacrifice a robot
B．where to experience risks
C．which robot to work with
D．what robots should be like
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question：‘Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？’”可知，该研究将要回答“在什么情况下成年人愿意牺牲机器人来拯救人类生命？”这一问题，故A项正确。
7．What can be inferred from Paulus’ words?
A．Humanized robots offer less help to people.
B．Humanizing robots too much may be improper.
C．Certain moral status should be attached to robots.
D．Conflicts often happen between humans and robots.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据本文最后两句Paulus所说的话可知，Paulus认为，这一发现表明，使机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远。这些努力可能会与对机器人功能的预期(帮助人类)发生冲突。据此可知，Paulus认为机器人过于人性化可能不恰当，故B项正确。
8．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Robots, a Must for Future
B．Humanized Robots, a New Trend
C．Robots Saved, People Take the Hit
D．Humanized Robots Replace Human
C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要提出“过度将机器人人性化，将人的道德水准赋予机器人，将会使人受到困扰”这一观点，故C项最适合作本文标题。
完形填空
(2020·福州质量抽测)Growing up in the 1960s, I was taught from an early age to send a handwritten thankyou note expressing __1__ for kindness. My mother used to buy me a box of paper and __2__ me in the art and value of saying “thank you”. She __3__ to be right.
A study showed that it took less than 5 minutes to write the thankyou notes. Just 5 minutes to make __4__ person feel overjoyed! __5__， in our “instant” world, the idea of getting an actual pen and writing an actual note seems to never come to mind. We tend to do what is __6__ for us—a quick text or an email.
It’s easy to use the __7__ of being busy, but even very busy and __8__ businessmen find time to __9__ thankyou notes. For example, when Douglas Conant became CEO of Campbell’s, the company had __10__ half of its market, and its value and morale(士气) was at an alltime low. He __11__ fixing that by doing some simple things that are probably not __12__ in any MBA class. For one thing, Conant wrote to every __13__. He gained their confidence and __14__， turned the company __15__．
In his ten years as CEO, Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees. It’s __16__ not to ask how he did it. __17__， he had many other things to do __18__ writing a thankyou note. Conant made time for __19__ because he knew the impact(影响) each one would have. An expression of __20__ in this crazy world still makes a difference.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候，妈妈教“我”用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激，并教“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值；研究表明，不到五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条会让他人感到快乐。
1．A.concern B．sympathy
C．affection D．appreciation
D 解析：根据该句中的“a handwritten thankyou note expressing ______ for kindness”可知，该处指用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激(appreciation)，故D项正确。A项意为“担心，关心”；B项意为“同情”；C项意为“喜爱”。
2．A.consult B．instruct
C．answer D．impress
B 解析：根据该句“My mother used to buy me a box of paper...and value of saying ‘thank you’．”可知，“我”的妈妈过去常常给“我”买一箱纸，并教授(instruct)“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值，故B项正确。A项意为“咨询”；C项意为“回答”；D项意为“使留下深刻印象”。
3．A.remained B．proved
C．appeared D．claimed
B 解析：根据语境尤其是下文可推知，此处表示她证明(proved)(这样做)是正确的，故B项符合语境。A项意为“保持”；C项意为“显得”；D项意为“声称”。
4．A.one B．any
C．each D．another
D 解析：根据空前一句可知，写感谢便条花费不到五分钟的时间；并结合该句和常识可推知，此处表示仅花费五分钟就可以让另一个(another)人非常高兴，故D项正确。
5．A.Yet B．Therefore
C．So D．Otherwise
A 解析：根据该句中的“seems to never come to mind”并结合上文可知，尽管仅花费五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条能让他人感到快乐，但是(Yet)，在我们这个“快捷的”世界里，人们似乎不愿意用这种方式来表达谢意；据此可推知，该处前后表示转折关系，故A项正确。
6．A.special B．necessary
C．convenient D．important
C 解析：根据该句中的“a quick text or an email”可推知，该处表示我们趋向于使用对我们来说方便的(convenient)方式——快速发送的短信或电子邮件，故C项正确。
7．A.case B．excuse
C．example D．situation
B 解析：根据语境以及该句中的“of being busy”并结合常识可知，人们很容易以忙为借口(excuse)，故B项正确。A项意为“事例”；C项意为“例子”；D项意为“情况”。
8．A.humorous B．optimistic
C．successful D．experienced
C 解析：根据语境可知，人们很容易以忙为借口，但即使是很忙碌和成功的(successful)商人也能找到时间写(pen)感谢便条。
9．A.pen B．receive
C．design D．deliver
A 解析：参见上题解析。
10．A.lost B．gained
C．developed D．damaged
A 解析：根据该句中的“morale(士气) was at an alltime low”可知，士气空前低落；据此可推知，这家公司已经损失(lost)了一半的市值，故A项正确。
11．A.gave up B．kept up
C．set about D．worried about
C 解析：根据该句中的“He ______ fixing that by doing some simple things”并结合语境可推知，他开始做(set about)一些简单的事情来解决这一问题，故C项正确。A项意为“放弃”；B项意为“跟上”；D项意为“担心”。
12．A.permitted B．taught
C．checked D．tested
B 解析：根据语境可推知，他所做的简单的事情很可能没有在任何MBA课堂上被教(taught)过，故B项正确。A项意为“允许”；C项意为“检查”；D项意为“测试”。
13．A.market B．businessman
C．company D．employee
D 解析：根据下文中的“gained their confidence”和“Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees”可推知，Conant给每个员工(employee)写了便条，得到了他们的信任，故D项正确。
14．A.personally B．frankly
C．naturally D．occasionally
C 解析：根据语境可知，Conant得到了员工们的信任，顺理成章地(naturally)使公司好转(turned around)起来。
15．A.up B．down
C．away D．around
D 解析：参见上题解析。turn around意为“好转，扭转”，故D项正确。turn up意为“开大”；turn down意为“调低；拒绝”；turn away意为“把……打发走”。
16．A.hard B．great
C．amazing D．disappointing
A 解析：根据前一句可知，在担任CEO的十年间，Conant给他的员工们写了三万多张便条；结合语境和常识可知，这令人很难(hard)不去问他是如何做到的，故A项正确。
17．A.As usual B．In short
C．By the way D．After all
D 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示毕竟(After all)，除了(besides)写感谢便条，他有许多其他事情要做。
18．A.by B．in
C．besides D．without
C 解析：参见上题解析。
19．A.me B．it
C．him D．them
B 解析：根据语境可知，空处指代空前一句中的“writing a thankyou note”，故B项正确。
20．A.kindness B．joy
C．value D．confidence
A 解析：根据本文第一句中的“expressing ______ for kindness”并结合全文可推知，在这个疯狂的世界中，善良(kindness)的表达仍然会有作用，故A项正确。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
阅读理解
A
(2020·宣城诊断)Can you trust your very first childhood memories? Maybe not, a new study suggests.
Past studies show that people’s earliest memories typically form around 3 to 3.5 years of age. But in a recent survey of more than 6，600 people, British scientists have found that 39 percent of participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger. “These first memories are likely false，” the researchers said. This was particularly the case for middleaged and older adults.
For the study, researchers asked participants to describe their first memory and the age at which it occurred. Participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened. For example, it shouldn’t be based on a photograph, a family story or any source other than direct experiences. Then the researchers examined the content, language and descriptive details of these earliest memories and worked out the likely reasons why people would claim to have memories from an age when memories cannot form.
As many of these memories dated before the age of 2, this suggests they were not based on actual facts, but facts or knowledge about their babyhood or childhood from photographs or family stories. “Often these false memories are fired by a part of an early experience, such as family relationships or feeling sad，” the researchers explained.
“We suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is...a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood，” study author Shania Kantar said in a journal news release. “Additionally, further details may be unconsciously inferred or added. Such memorylike mental representations come, over time, to be collectively experienced when they come to mind, so for the individual, they quite simply are ‘memories’ which particularly point to babyhood.”
“Importantly, the person remembering them doesn’t know this is fictional，” study coauthor Martin Conway said. “In fact, when people are told that their memories are false, they often don’t believe it.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人最早的记忆一般始于三岁到三岁半。在调查了六千多名调查对象之后，研究人员声称那些两岁时或更早的记忆是有误的。
1．What can we learn from the recent study?
A．Memories form after the age of 3.
B．Participants are good at telling stories.
C．Adults are likely to form false memories.
D．Earliest memories may play a trick on us.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“‘These first memories are likely false，’ the researchers said.”可知，研究人员认为，这些人所认为的最初的记忆可能是错误的，并结合第四段、第五段分析的错误的最早记忆形成的原因可知D项正确。
2．Which source did the researchers require for the earliest memories?
A．A direct experience. B．A family story.
C．A family photo. D．A sad feeling.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二、第三句“Participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened. For example, it shouldn’t be based on a photograph, a family story or any source other than direct experiences.”可知，参与者被告知，他们必须确定记忆就是发生过的事；除了亲身经历，那件事不能基于一张照片、一个家庭故事或任何其他来源。故A项正确。
3．What are these fictional early memories according to Kantar?
A．They are repeated mental representations.
B．They are a collection of early experiences.
C．They are a combination of both facts and fictions.
D．They are further details of remembered experiences.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，尽管这些回忆中许多发生在两岁之前，但是研究表明这些记忆不是基于事实，而是基于婴儿或儿童时期的照片或家庭故事；结合第五段中Kantar所说的话可知，Kantar认为人们所认为的最早的记忆结合了事实和虚构的成分，故C项正确。
4．Which part of a newspaper is this text probably taken from?
A．Society. B．Psychology.
C．Technology. D．Health.
B 解析：文章出处题。根据第五段中的“We suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is...a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood”可知，虚构的最早的记忆是一种心理现象；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于最早记忆的研究，此项研究与心理学有关；据此可知，本文很可能摘自报纸的心理学版块，故B项正确。
B
(2020·铜陵调研)In American countryside, the message we hear is this: Go and get an education. Leave your small town and make something of yourself. Success and opportunity are found elsewhere.
After graduating from a high school in Helena, Arkansas, I did go.
I went to Colby College in Maine. I had visited the school ahead of time, so I knew what I was getting myself into. I knew about the difference in weather. I understood the difference in social atmosphere. But I wanted to stretch myself and get out of my comfort zone. And you know what? I absolutely loved my time there. But one thing took me by surprise—the lack of countryside representation. Most of the other students at Colby were from big cities: New York, Boston, Los Angeles, San Francisco...And when I had conversations with these students—in or outside of class—we almost always focused on topics facing large American cities. In my education classes, it was always “urban this” and “urban that”．
It was like small town America didn’t exist.
And this urban interest doesn’t just happen in college. I went to an education conference a couple of years ago, and a professor—someone who had been at the forefront of educational reform—was there to deliver a keynote. I was chosen to be part of a small group that got to meet with him. So there we were, five or six of us sitting in a room, and I asked him, “What are your thoughts on the state of education in the countryside？” And this man was speechless.
I’ll never forget that moment. It speaks to a larger truth. Towns like mine are forgotten.
This trend of exporting talent and resources to our big cities—this mindset of leaving small towns and never coming back—I don’t want to add to that movement. I want to reverse that movement.
Now it’s my turn to help people younger than me. And you know what? I’m a sixth grade teacher in Helena now.
【解题导语】 本文作者通过自己的大学生活经历以及在一次教育会议上与一位教授进行交流的故事说明了美国的乡村正在逐渐被人遗忘的现象，作者也由此决定要帮助乡村中的年轻人。
5．What do people in American countryside think of the future of the youth at home?
A．Secure. B．Fragile.
C．Promising. D．Bright.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Leave your small town and make something of yourself. Success and opportunity are found elsewhere.”可知，在美国的乡村，年轻人的就业前景并不稳定，成功和机会都在别处。故选B项。
6．What did the author find in his college classroom?
A．Students chatted freely.
B．Countryside was ignored.
C．He was looked down upon.
D．Students concentrated on education.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“And when I had conversations with these students...it was always ‘urban this’ and ‘urban that’．”和第四段“It was like small town America didn’t exist.”可知，作者在他的大学课堂中发现大家总是探讨与城市相关的问题，就好像乡村在美国不存在一样。也就是说，乡村被人们忽视了。故选B项。
7．How would the author feel about the professor’s reaction?
A．It’s emotional. B．It’s natural.
C．It’s positive. D．It’s disappointing.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“I’ll never forget that moment. It speaks to a larger truth. Towns like mine are forgotten.”可知，作者在教授对于自己提出的有关乡村的问题无言以对时，意识到像自己家乡那样的乡村被人们遗忘了。由此可推知，作者对此感到失望。故选D项。
8．What is the author doing now?
A．Teaching in a college.
B．Fighting for the movement.
C．Working with the professor.
D．Devoting himself to his hometown.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After graduating from a high school in Helena”可知，作者的家乡在海伦娜，再根据最后一段“Now it’s my turn to help people younger than me. And you know what? I’m a sixth grade teacher in Helena now.”可知，作者现在在家乡教书，帮助家乡中的年轻人，为家乡做贡献。故选D项。
七选五
(2020·合肥第一次质检)
Apologizing the Right Way to a Friend
Why are apologies so difficult? Saying you are sorry can be the most difficult thing you do. But we all make mistakes, so you’ll probably have an occasion when you need to apologize. Perhaps you had blew up at someone and realized later you reacted poorly. 1.________. Whatever the reason, apologizing can help you both heal and move on from the situation.
2．________. First, you acknowledge that you did something wrong. With an apology, you take responsibility for your actions, which allows your friend to forgive you. Second, an apology gives your sincerity as a friend. 3.________， but that doesn’t mean we still shouldn’t apologize.
Now, what are elements of a proper apology? 4.________， depending on what the offense was, where it was done, and who you are apologizing to. In general, a good apology should include the followings: a request for their attention, an acknowledgment of what happened, sincerity in admitting you did something wrong and the words “I’m sorry” or “I apologize”. Here are things never to say when apologizing. Note that the art of apologizing involves taking responsibility. Never apologize as a way to “shut someone up” when they are saying you hurt their feelings and you don’t think you did. 5.________， you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across. You’ll really need to selfreflect so you can see things from your friend’s point of view.
A．When you make your apology in person
B．If you really believe you did nothing wrong
C．Apologies benefit friendships in a variety of ways
D．The way you apologize is going to be slightly different
E．Or maybe you just didn’t show support when you needed to
F．Apologizing the right way, however, may take a little practice
G．Sometimes our pals forgive us easily for the minor things we do wrong
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了向朋友道歉的正确方法。
1．E 解析：根据空后的“Whatever the reason”可知，空处与空前一句讲的是向朋友道歉的原因，所以选项E与语境相符，且选项E中的“maybe”与空前一句中的“Perhaps”相呼应，故选E。
2．C 解析：空处位于段落句首主题句的位置；通读该段可知，该段主要讲的是道歉对友谊的好处，故C项符合语境。
3．G 解析：根据空后的“but that doesn’t mean we still shouldn’t apologize”可知，G项“有时我们的朋友轻易地就原谅了我们犯的小错误”符合语境。
4．D 解析：根据空后的“depending on...who you are apologizing to”可知，D项“你道歉的方式要稍微不同”与之衔接自然，故选D项。
5．B 解析：根据空后的“you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across”可知，B项“如果你确实认为你没做错什么”与之联系紧密，故选B项。
语法填空
(2020·昆明摸底调研)Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 1.____________(avoid) human beings, a new study finds.
Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 2.____________ people. By being awake at night, animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time 3.____________(look) for food.
The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can 4.____________ (fright) animals and cause them to become more active at night. 5.____________ had been studied were lions in Tanzania, tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared 6.____________(careful) how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities, such as hunting and farming. 7.____________ was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in nighttime activities, even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Results 8.____________(publish) in the journal Science two months ago.
The new findings are 9.____________(usual) because no one else has looked at it in such detail before. Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 10.____________(surprise) that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat.
【解题导语】 人类活动导致许多动物在夜间保持清醒以保持警惕状态。
1．to avoid 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究发现，狮子、老虎以及其他的动物在夜间保持清醒旨在避开人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
2．from 解析：考查固定搭配。keep away from...“远离……”，为固定搭配。
3．looking 解析：考查固定用法。spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”，为固定用法。
4．frighten 解析：考查动词。句意：最新的研究表明，即使像务农和野营这样的活动也会惊吓到动物，进而导致它们夜间变得更加活跃。情态动词can后应接动词原形，故应用名词fright的动词形式frighten。
5．What 解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，故填What。
6．carefully 解析：考查副词。修饰句中的谓语动词compared应使用副词。
7．It 解析：考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，去掉______ was和that之后，句子表意完整，故该句为强调句型“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”。
8．were published 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，谓语动词publish和句子的主语Results之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语two months ago可知，描述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
9．unusual 解析：考查形容词。句意：因为先前没人对此进行过如此详细的研究，所以这些新的发现显得不同寻常。
10．surprised 解析：考查形容词。此处为过去分词作表语，表示主语Marlee Tucker的状态，故用形容词surprised。
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．aboard adv.& prep. 在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；
上(轮船、飞机、火车等)
2．dismiss vt. 不予考虑；解雇；解散
3．link vt.& n. 联系，关联
4．appropriate adj. 适当的
5．discount n. 折扣
6．attack vt.& vi.& n. 攻击；进攻
7．reserve n. (动植物)保护区；储备
vt. 预订；保留；储备
8．incident n. 发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的)
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．due adj. 由于，因为；预期的；适当的
2．witness n. 目击者，证人
vt. 目击，见证
3．base n. 基地，大本营；底部；基础
vt. 以……为基础
4．occur vi. 发生
5．award n. 奖，奖品，奖金
vt. 授予，奖励
6．case n. 案件；具体情况，实例
7．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的
8．evidence n. 证据
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．construction n．施工；建筑物→construct vt.建造
2．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的→puzzling adj.令人困惑不解的→puzzle vt.使困惑，使难解n.谜，令人费解的事
3．amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的→amazed adj.吃惊的，感到惊奇的→amaze vt.使惊异/惊奇→amazement n．惊异，惊奇
4．statement n．陈述；声明→state v．陈述；声明
5．existence n．存在→exist vi.存在
6．strength n．力量，力气→strengthen vt.加强，巩固→strong adj.强壮的，有力的
7．convince vt.使确信，使相信→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的，感到信服的
8．survive vi.& vt.生存；挺过(难关)→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者
9．unexplained adj.无法解释的，神秘的→explain v．解释；说明→explanation n．解释；说明
10．disappear vi.消失；失踪→appear v．出现
11．possibility n．可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地
12．assume vt.假定；认为→assumption n．假想
13．disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n．不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n．同意；一致
14．injury n．伤害→injure v．伤害→injured adj.受伤的
15．organize vt.组织，筹备；安排，处理→organization n．组织；安排
16．humour n．幽默→humourous adj.幽默的
1.“事”可真多！
①incident 发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的)
②matter 事件，问题
③business 生意，事情
④affair 事务，私事
⑤issue 问题，事情
⑥event 事件，大事
⑦sports event 体育赛事
2.“发生”一族
①occur 发生
②happen 偶然发生
③take place 发生，举行
④come about (已经)发生
⑤break out 发生，爆发
3.“信”“不信”由你
①belief n． 相信；信任；信念
②faith n. 信任；信念
③convince v. 使确信，使相信
④suspect vi.& vt. 怀疑；猜想
⑤reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的
⑥unbelievable adj. 不可相信的；
难以置信的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．run_into 偶然遇见；撞上；陷入
2．look_into 调查；窥视
3．due_to 由于，因为
4．take_charge_of 负责，接管，掌管
5．put_on 穿上；上演；增加
6．step_up 加紧，加强，促进
7．show_up 出现，现身
8．make_up 编造，杜撰；构成
9．give_up 放弃；交出；投降
10．send_up 发射；使上升
11．pick_up 用车接；捡起；学会
12．carry_out 实施；执行；完成
13．leave_out 遗漏；省去；不考虑
14．take_off 脱下；拿掉；起飞；成功
15．belong_to 属于；是……一员
16．make_one’s_way_to 前往，到……去
17．dozens_of 许多，很多
18．in_return 作为回报，作为报答
1.run短语一览
①run across 偶然碰见
②run into 偶然遇见；撞上；陷入
③run after 追赶；追求
④run out 被用完，用光
⑤run out of 用完，用尽
⑥run for 竞选
2.“许多，大量”短语集合
①dozens of
②plenty of
③lots/amounts/quantities of
④a large/huge number of
⑤a great deal of
⑥an enormous amount of
3.“in＋n.”短语大团圆
①in total 总计
②in time 及时
③in debt 负债
④in charge 主管，负责
⑤in case 万一，以防万一
⑥in return 作为回报，作为报答
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
Witnesses also say they saw_Justin_walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m.
目击者也说他们看到贾斯汀在晚上10点45分朝他家走去。
句型2：完全倒装结构
Standing_inside_were_lots_of_strange_creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
句型3：主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.
The_Yeti_is_said_to_be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说，雪人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Our school has witnessed(见证) great changes in the last few years.
2．An unexpected storm occurred(发生) when we were enjoying the pleasant voyage at the Yellow Sea.
3．While the police have already done a lot of investigation, much evidence(证据) remains to be confirmed.
4．Due(由于) to heavy snow, flights between the two countries have been cancelled.
5．Everyone agrees that a good state of mind is the base(基础) of success.
6．It is said that human beings came into existence(exist) about millions of years ago.
7．We finally managed to make the customers convinced(convince) of the quality of the vehicle.
8．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The likables’ playswellwithothers qualities strengthen(strong) schoolyard friendships, jumpstart interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
9．The victim was outside a shop when he was attacked(attack)．
10．Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed (assume) that the latter is due to the former.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．His convincing words finally convinced me, and I was convinced that he was innocent.(convince)
2．The puzzled look on her face shows that she is puzzled about the puzzling question.(puzzle)
3．Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby, but fortunately the injury was not serious, not life threatening.(injure)
4．To make yourself strong or increase the strength of you, you should get more exercise to strengthen your muscles.(strong)
5．The workers are constructing the bridge damaged by the flood, and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town.(construct)
6．Luckily, I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident.(survive)
7．We were amazed by the amazing news that an eightyearold child went to college.(amaze)
8．He joined the organization which was organized by Mandela as soon as it was set up.(organize)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
make up; look into; take charge of; due to; dream of
Li Lei is interested in unexplained mysteries and he is always 1.dreaming_of being a detective. Last week, 2.due_to the heavy rain, a car knocked into a tree. The driver wasn’t injured at all while the car broke up. The police who 3.took_charge_of the case made a statement that they would soon 4.look_into it. However, Li Lei learned that there was a flash of light around the driver when the accident occurred. So Li Lei assumed that maybe some aliens saved the driver. When asked about the possibility, the police said it was just an amazing story 5.made_up by someone.
in return; be based on; so far; believe in; pick up
We don’t 6.believe_in miracles. But the eightyearold boy has 7.picked_up five languages 8.so_far. He said his study 9.was_based_on practice. We should make full use of every minute to practice and use our language. Then we can master it in the shortest time 10.in_return．
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我看到他正被老师处罚。
I saw_him_being_punished by the teacher.
2．许多老人和孩子正站在街道两旁。
Standing_on_both_sides_of_the_street_are many old people and children.
3．据说那个男孩到目前为止已背了2 000个单词。
The boy is_said_to_have_learned 2，000 words by heart so far.
puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Her puzzled(puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.
②I have been puzzling(puzzle) about this question for weeks.
③She lost heart since she failed in the exam, because her future was puzzling(puzzle)．
④You must have been troubled by when to say “I love you” because it is one of the greatest puzzles(puzzle) in our life.
⑤It was a puzzling remark and still leaves me a little puzzled. (puzzle)
(1)be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
(2)puzzle vt. 使困惑，使难解
n. 谜，令人费解的事
(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
[佳句背诵] This morning I was walking on the street when I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled. 今天早晨我正在大街上走，就在这时我看见两名游客正在困惑地看着地图。(北京卷)
witness vt.当场见到；目击 n．目击者；证人；证据
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(上海卷)The late twentieth century witnessed(witness) the rapid development of China’s economy.
②What the police did first was to interview all the witnesses(witness) to the accident last week.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)我们将见证我们学校的荣耀，我们一起成长。
We_will_witness_the_glory_of_our_school，and we are growing together.
(1)witness sth./that... 目击……
witness to (doing) sth. 证实/证明(做)某事
(2)a witness of/to sth. 某事的证人/证明
[佳句背诵] Our city witnesses four different seasons，plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节，阳光充足、雨量充沛，但在冬天你可能会觉得有点冷。
assume v．假设，假定；认为；承担
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①We must assume him to_be(be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
②(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the assumption(assume) you’ve made.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)If I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.
(高级表达)Assuming_(that) I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.
(1)assume that... 假定，认为……
assume...to be.. 认为……是……；
假定……是……
It is generally assumed that...
普遍认为……
(2)assuming (that) 假定……(作状语)
(3)assumption n. 假定；假设
[佳句背诵] It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。
occur vi.发现，出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现；发生
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①A perfect idea occurred to us that we would give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers’ Day.
②a.The accident is reported to_have_occurred(occur) on the first Sunday in February.
b．In the next 30 years, we could see more heat waves like the one now occurring(occur) in the U．S.
③It never occurred to her to_ask(ask) for anyone when she was in trouble.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。
④It_occurred_to_him_that he had left his keys in the office.
⑤It_hit/struck_him_that he had left his keys in the office.,sth. occurs to sb. 某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到某事
It occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事。
[名师点津] (1)occur是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。
(2)occur的过去式和过去分词形式要双写最后一个辅音字母，即occurred。
(3)表达“某人突然想起……”的句型还有：
①sth. hits/strikes sb.
②It hits/strikes sb. that从句
③sb. comes up with sth.
strength n．[U]力量，体力；[C]长处，强项
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(湖北卷)To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths(strong) and weaknesses.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to_strengthen(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
③(四川卷)Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to_do(do) the most difficult thing in my life.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(浙江卷)练中国功夫不但能增强体质，还能培养一个人的性情。
Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build_up_one’s_strength,_but also develop one’s character.
(1)have the strength to do 有做……的力气/意志力
build up one’s strength 增强体质
(2)strong adj. 坚强的；强壮的
(3)strengthen vt. 加强
[佳句背诵] Though I didn’t have the strength to climb any further, I finally got to the top of the mountain with all my strength because my father encouraged me all the time.
虽然我没有力气爬得再高，但是我终于用尽全力爬上山顶，因为我父亲一直鼓励我。
convince vt.使信服；使相信
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Our football team is firmly convinced of its victory over the visiting team.
②I’m afraid that I can’t accept your argument, for you haven’t offered enough convincing(convince) evidence.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)我是一名中国的大学生，专业是艺术，我现在在伦敦学习，所以我相信我可以成为一名有奉献精神的志愿者。
I’m a Chinese college student majoring in art and I’m studying in London now, so I am_convinced_that_I_can_be_a_devoted_volunteer．
(1)convince/sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. that... 使某人确信……
(2)convinced adj. 确信的；深信的
be convinced of/that... 确信……
(3)convincing adj. 有说服力的；
令人信服的
[佳句背诵] The picture convinces me that it is even more important to be a good daughter than a good student. 这幅图画让我深信做一个好女儿甚至比做一个好学生更重要。
survive vi.死里逃生；大难不死
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(福建卷)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to_survive(survive) is to live in harmony with nature.
②a.After the plane crash, what the survivors(survive) could do was to wait for rescue on this desert island.
b．(2017·江苏卷)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival(survive)．
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.
(高级表达)Having_survived_that_night,_we were confident that everything else would be all right.(现在分词短语作状语)
(1)survive＋n.(the fire/earthquake/accident...)
从(火灾/地震/事故等) 中生还
survive on 靠……维持生活；靠……存活下来
(2)survival n. [U]幸存；[C]遗物，幸存物
survivor n. 幸存者，死里逃生的人
[佳句背诵] The struggle to survive has greatly improved her health.
她拼命求生的抗争使得她的健康状况大有好转。
[名师点津] survive表示“从地震、火灾、事故等中幸存下来”时，为及物动词，其后不可接介词from或in。
[词块助记] survive on such a low salary
靠这么低的工资维持生计
survive the economic crisis
挺过经济危机
due to 因为；应支付；归功于
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.
②Any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month.
③a. The English version of the novel is due to be_published(publish) next year.
b．The bus should have arrived at 5 p．m., but it arrived one hour late due to being_held(hold) up by the heavy fog.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)Because of my English teacher’s help，my English scores are always on the top of my class. (陕西卷)
(高级表达)Due_to/Thanks_to my English teacher’s help, my English scores are always on the top of my class.
be due to sb. 应付给某人；归因于某人
be due to do sth. 预定/预期做某事
[佳句背诵] The meeting was due to start at 4, however, it had to be put off to 5 due to bad weather. 会议预计4点开始，然而，由于恶劣的天气不得不推迟到5点。
[名师点津] (1)当due to意为“由于；因……造成；应给予”时，其中的to是介词，并且在句中常常作表语或状语；当due to意为“即将/预期做……”时to为不定式符号。
(2)表示原因的介词短语有due to, because of, on account of, owing to, thanks to, as a result of等。
show up 出现，现身；露面
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Poor as she was, she was eager for attention.Thus she had to think of borrowing some jewels to show off at the party.
②Ruse said he could help me fix my car, but he never showed up．He really let me down.
③Having been shown around the library, we were taken to the lab.
④Frank is delighted that his works will be on show next week.
(1)show off 炫耀，卖弄
show sb.in/out 领某人进来/出去
show sb.around/round 领某人参观
(2)be on show 在展览，陈列
[佳句背诵] Scientists know that cancer may not show up for many years.
科学家们知道癌症可能会潜伏多年。
make up 编造(说法、解释等)，虚构；组成，构成；化妆；和解
[一词多义]——写出下列句中make up的含义
①(天津卷)In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations.组成，构成
②They have quarreled seriously three times but each time they have made up and become best friends again.和好
③She spent an hour making up before the party to look more attractive.化妆
④We don’t like him because he is always making up excuses whenever he makes mistakes.编造
make up for 弥补；偿还
make out 辨认出；理解
make use of 利用
make sense 有意义，讲得通
make up one’s mind (to do) 下决心(做某事)
[佳句背诵] Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. 西方人应当利用中国古代的智慧来弥补西方哲学的不足。
belong to 属于
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·浙江卷6月)The students feel that they belong to a particular group.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings(belong)?
③The beautiful building belonging(belong) to his family can date back to the Ming Dynasty.
(1)belong to 不用于进行时态也没有被动形式。
(2)belonging n． 归属，属于
belongings n. 所有物；财产
[佳句背诵] A 20yearold man broke into a museum and stole a painting, which once belonged to a rich merchant. 一个20岁的男子闯入了一家博物馆，盗走了一幅曾属于一位富商的画。
完全倒装结构
(教材P2)Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.Between you and your dreams stands(stand) a lot of hard work.
b．Among all these flowers is_included(include) a kind of red rose, which was given by my friend.
②—Look! There comes(come) the school bus; let’s hurry.
—Here it comes.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③窗户边坐着一位年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
By_the_window_sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
④我们村贫穷落后的日子一去不复返了。
Gone_are_the_days when our village was poor and backward.
⑤(普通表达) There is a temple on the top of the hill. The temple dates back to Ming Dynasty.
(高级表达)On_the_top_of_the_hill_stands_a_temple_dating_back_to Ming Dynasty. (分词作定语＋倒装句)
本句为倒装句，结构为“现在分词＋地点状语＋be＋主语”。
(1)当主语是名词(短语)时，为了强调句中的状语或表语，保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。
(2)当here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，away，off等表示地点、方位或时间等的词置于句首，谓语动词为go，come，run，lie等，若主语是名词时，常用完全倒装。
(3)There be句型中，用完全倒装，除be以外，live，happen，stand，exist，lie，remain等也都可以充当该结构的谓语。
[佳句背诵] Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teacher’s sweet voice，“Good morning, children.” 在全班同学静静地等待中传来了老师甜甜的嗓音：“孩子们，早上好。”(湖北卷)
主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.
(教材P18)The Yeti is said to be a large，hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说，雪人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走。
[基础练习]——用study的适当形式填空
①He is said to_be_studying abroad, but I don’t know which country he is studying in.
②He is said to_have_studied abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.
③He is said to_study abroad, but I don’t know which country he will study in.
本句中用了“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”句型。
(1)主语＋be said to do意为“据说……”，其中不定式有时态和语态的变化。该结构相当于“It is said that...”。
(2)可以用于此结构的动词还有think，report, believe, suggest, suppose，expect，find，prove等。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．As an old teacher he has_witnessed(witness) the great changes that have taken place in the school in the past thirty years.
2．It’s true that the world we live in is full of unexplained(explain) mysteries.
3．Mr Green is said to_have_done(do) an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.
4．To my great surprise, he somehow managed to_survive (survive) the earthquake.
5．The film, based(base) upon the true story, attracted people’s interest all over the country.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．It occurred to me that she would come to my house for dinner.
2．It was getting dark and we made our way to the railway station, arriving there just in time for our train.
3．It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of the two missing children.
4．It was getting late when she finally showed up．
5．Everyone in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and making up jokes.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc.强项
2．He described what he had witnessed in China，which aroused much interest among his countrymen.当场见到
3．(北京卷)She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.幸存者
4．It is for these reasons that I am firmly convinced that this rule will promote the learning atmosphere and our teamwork spirit.确信的
5．He was quite puzzled about what to do next, so he turned to his father for help.茫然的
6．He was determined to try his best to make up for the loss.弥补
维度四 易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．As far as I can see, it is no possibility that we’ll see him this weekend.it→there
2．Assumed that the advice is accepted, when are we going to get the money？Assumed→Assuming
3．She had a puzzling look on her face when she couldn’t work out the maths problem.puzzling→puzzled
4．Take a hat with you in case of the sun is very hot.删除of
5．He took away the bag not belonged to him by mistake.belonged→belonging
6．In my amazement, he actually refused to help me.In→To
7．When the minister came to the snowstricken area, he was happy to see the disaster victims well take care of.take→taken
8．The accident was due to drive at high speed.drive→driving
9．That occurred to me that I hadn’t paid back the money I borrowed from you.That→It
10．There are concerns that these animals may not survive from the winter.删除from
维度五 完成句子
1．预计于2019年年底完工的跨海大桥现在仍在建造中。
The SeaCrossing Bridge, due_to_be_completed at the end of 2019, is still under_construction．
2．她上周在求职面试中失败了，仅仅因为她穿的衣服不适合面试。
She failed in the job interview last week only because the clothes she wore were_not_appropriate_for_the_interview．
3．你应该待在你现在所在的地方不要动，除非别人让你离开。
You should stay where you are, unless_you_are_asked to leave.
4．过去的十年见证了我的家乡经济的繁荣，所以这里的人们正享受着比以前更好的生活。
The past ten years has_witnessed_a_boom in economy in my hometown, as a result of which people here are enjoying a far better life than before.
5．在我看来，人类受机器人控制的可能性是不存在的。
As far as I see, there_is_no_possibility_that human beings will be controlled by robots.
6．据我所知，她的确通过了驾驶测试。
As far as I know, she did_pass_the_driving_test．
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Yesterday afternoon, a 1.puzzling(puzzle) incident occurred near a tall bridge which is under construction. A bus which was due to arrive 2.in half an hour arrived earlier. When an astronomer wanted to go aboard the bus, a detective came to stop him and tried 3.to_convince(convince) him that if the astronomer could make some 4.statements(state), he would get the award 5.belonging(belong) to him. However, the astronomer didn’t accept his advice.
The astronomer was about to get on the bus 6.when a bright light flashed. Strangely the bus and the astronomer disappeared. A journalist 7.who was making his way home happened to see it. Dozens of other witnesses provided the police with the same evidence. But no one could 8.exactly(exact) say where the bus and the astronomer had gone. The police, 9.taken(take) charge of by a Mr Wang, are looking into the amazing incident at present.
Many people assume that aliens showed 10.up,_but I think the truth will be discovered.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①人们对有些无法解释的现象感到困惑。其中的一个例子就是雪人存在的可能性。
People feel_puzzled_about some unexplained phenomena.One example is the possibility that_Yeti_exists．
②据说雪人比一般的人要高。它以惊人的速度和力量行走。
It_is_said_that the Yeti is taller than an average human.It walks with_amazing_speed_and_strength．
③有人报告说见过属于雪人的脚印。没有发现有力的证据。
Some people even reported seeing the footprints belonging_to a Yeti.No strong evidence for its_existence has been found.
④随着科学和技术的发展，今天未知的东西在未来会得到解释。
With_the_development_of science and technology，what is unknown to us today will be explained in the future.
⑤我们希望科学家能解开这个谜，给我们令人信服的解释。
We hope that scientists will solve the mystery and give us a_convincing_explanation．
2．升级平淡句
⑥用定语从句升级句①
People_feel_puzzled_about_some_unexplained_phenomena,_one_example_of_which_is_the_possibility_that_Yeti_exists.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：though)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
People feel puzzled about some unexplained phenomena, one example of which is the possibility that Yeti exists.It is said that the Yeti is taller than an average human but walks with amazing speed and strength.Though some people even reported seeing the footprints belonging to a Yeti, no strong evidence for its existence has been found.
With the development of science and technology，what is unknown to us today will be explained in the future.We hope that scientists will solve the mystery one day and give us a convincing explanation.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
阅读理解
A
(2020·马鞍山质量预测)
If you’ve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “man’s best friend”. But a dog’s life is much shorter than humans, about 12 to 15 years long, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.
Why not make a clone of that dog then? This is the solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has already successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.
To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died. Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg. Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb(子宫) of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months.
The whole process takes a very short time, but it comes at a shockingly high price—around ￡ 63，000. But if you can’t afford it now, you can also save the cell in a laboratory and access it at a later date.
However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one. Just like identical twins of humans, they share the exactly same DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian(斑点狗) clone will be different, for example，” Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech, told The Guardian.
Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “cloneable”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both random elements that cloning technologies simply cannot overcome, Professor Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University, UK, told The Telegraph.
Perhaps bringing our dogs back by cloning is not the best way to remember them after all. Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out, “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了克隆狗技术。
1．What service does Sooam Biotech Research Foundation offer?
A．Making copies of pet dogs.
B．Giving pet dogs identical twins.
C．Helping dogs give birth to more puppies.
D．Helping dog owners love their dogs more.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Now, Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.”可知，这家公司所提供的服务就是克隆已逝的宠物狗，故选A。
2．Which order is correct in the dog cloning process?
a．An egg is taken from another dog.
b．A skin cell is taken from the pet dog.
c．The egg grows into a puppy in two months.
d．The egg is placed in the womb of a female dog.
e．The DNA in the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin cell.
A．a→d→b→e→c． B．a→e→b→d→c.
C．b→a→d→e→c. D．b→a→e→d→c.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，实验的第一步是从狗身上提取皮肤细胞，另一只被选择的狗提供一个卵子，将卵子中的DNA替换成皮肤细胞中的DNA之后，将卵子植入一只母狗的子宫，最后卵子在接下来的两个月中生长为一只小狗，故选D。
3．What can we learn about dog cloning from the passage?
A．It has not been put into practice until recently.
B．It is very popular among US and UK pet owners.
C．It might not give the owners an exactly same dog.
D．It is very expensive and usually takes half a year to complete.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one.”可知，克隆狗和原来的狗可能并非完全一样，故选 C。
4．What does Kirkwood think of dog cloning?
A．He disagrees with it.
B．He supports it.
C．He is curious about it.
D．He thinks it unbelievable.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段Kirkwood说的话“An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”可知，他认为人类和宠物狗之间的关系的一个重要方面是要接受失去它们的痛苦。由此可推知，Kirkwood并不赞成克隆狗，故选A。
B
(2020·黄山高三模拟)
Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding applications as household help and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent.
A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at LudwigMaximiliansUniversität(LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles.
According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question：“Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？” The participants were faced with a hypothetical(假设的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine.
The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous(无名的) humans.
“This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot，” says Paulus. “One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could come into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人不仅可以帮助人类执行危险的任务，现代智能机器人还能帮助人们处理日常生活问题。研究表明，将机器人过于人性化的尝试将对人产生困扰。
5．What has become a concern about robots?
A．How to humanize them.
B．How to treat them in life.
C．How to use them effectively.
D．How to find more applications.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent”和第二段中的“have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles”可知，如何在生活中对待机器人已经成为人们担心的一个问题，故B项正确。
6．In the study the participants probably have to decide ________．
A．when to sacrifice a robot
B．where to experience risks
C．which robot to work with
D．what robots should be like
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question：‘Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？’”可知，该研究将要回答“在什么情况下成年人愿意牺牲机器人来拯救人类生命？”这一问题，故A项正确。
7．What can be inferred from Paulus’ words?
A．Humanized robots offer less help to people.
B．Humanizing robots too much may be improper.
C．Certain moral status should be attached to robots.
D．Conflicts often happen between humans and robots.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据本文最后两句Paulus所说的话可知，Paulus认为，这一发现表明，使机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远。这些努力可能会与对机器人功能的预期(帮助人类)发生冲突。据此可知，Paulus认为机器人过于人性化可能不恰当，故B项正确。
8．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Robots, a Must for Future
B．Humanized Robots, a New Trend
C．Robots Saved, People Take the Hit
D．Humanized Robots Replace Human
C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要提出“过度将机器人人性化，将人的道德水准赋予机器人，将会使人受到困扰”这一观点，故C项最适合作本文标题。
完形填空
(2020·福州质量抽测)Growing up in the 1960s, I was taught from an early age to send a handwritten thankyou note expressing __1__ for kindness. My mother used to buy me a box of paper and __2__ me in the art and value of saying “thank you”. She __3__ to be right.
A study showed that it took less than 5 minutes to write the thankyou notes. Just 5 minutes to make __4__ person feel overjoyed! __5__， in our “instant” world, the idea of getting an actual pen and writing an actual note seems to never come to mind. We tend to do what is __6__ for us—a quick text or an email.
It’s easy to use the __7__ of being busy, but even very busy and __8__ businessmen find time to __9__ thankyou notes. For example, when Douglas Conant became CEO of Campbell’s, the company had __10__ half of its market, and its value and morale(士气) was at an alltime low. He __11__ fixing that by doing some simple things that are probably not __12__ in any MBA class. For one thing, Conant wrote to every __13__. He gained their confidence and __14__， turned the company __15__．
In his ten years as CEO, Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees. It’s __16__ not to ask how he did it. __17__， he had many other things to do __18__ writing a thankyou note. Conant made time for __19__ because he knew the impact(影响) each one would have. An expression of __20__ in this crazy world still makes a difference.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候，妈妈教“我”用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激，并教“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值；研究表明，不到五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条会让他人感到快乐。
1．A.concern B．sympathy
C．affection D．appreciation
D 解析：根据该句中的“a handwritten thankyou note expressing ______ for kindness”可知，该处指用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激(appreciation)，故D项正确。A项意为“担心，关心”；B项意为“同情”；C项意为“喜爱”。
2．A.consult B．instruct
C．answer D．impress
B 解析：根据该句“My mother used to buy me a box of paper...and value of saying ‘thank you’．”可知，“我”的妈妈过去常常给“我”买一箱纸，并教授(instruct)“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值，故B项正确。A项意为“咨询”；C项意为“回答”；D项意为“使留下深刻印象”。
3．A.remained B．proved
C．appeared D．claimed
B 解析：根据语境尤其是下文可推知，此处表示她证明(proved)(这样做)是正确的，故B项符合语境。A项意为“保持”；C项意为“显得”；D项意为“声称”。
4．A.one B．any
C．each D．another
D 解析：根据空前一句可知，写感谢便条花费不到五分钟的时间；并结合该句和常识可推知，此处表示仅花费五分钟就可以让另一个(another)人非常高兴，故D项正确。
5．A.Yet B．Therefore
C．So D．Otherwise
A 解析：根据该句中的“seems to never come to mind”并结合上文可知，尽管仅花费五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条能让他人感到快乐，但是(Yet)，在我们这个“快捷的”世界里，人们似乎不愿意用这种方式来表达谢意；据此可推知，该处前后表示转折关系，故A项正确。
6．A.special B．necessary
C．convenient D．important
C 解析：根据该句中的“a quick text or an email”可推知，该处表示我们趋向于使用对我们来说方便的(convenient)方式——快速发送的短信或电子邮件，故C项正确。
7．A.case B．excuse
C．example D．situation
B 解析：根据语境以及该句中的“of being busy”并结合常识可知，人们很容易以忙为借口(excuse)，故B项正确。A项意为“事例”；C项意为“例子”；D项意为“情况”。
8．A.humorous B．optimistic
C．successful D．experienced
C 解析：根据语境可知，人们很容易以忙为借口，但即使是很忙碌和成功的(successful)商人也能找到时间写(pen)感谢便条。
9．A.pen B．receive
C．design D．deliver
A 解析：参见上题解析。
10．A.lost B．gained
C．developed D．damaged
A 解析：根据该句中的“morale(士气) was at an alltime low”可知，士气空前低落；据此可推知，这家公司已经损失(lost)了一半的市值，故A项正确。
11．A.gave up B．kept up
C．set about D．worried about
C 解析：根据该句中的“He ______ fixing that by doing some simple things”并结合语境可推知，他开始做(set about)一些简单的事情来解决这一问题，故C项正确。A项意为“放弃”；B项意为“跟上”；D项意为“担心”。
12．A.permitted B．taught
C．checked D．tested
B 解析：根据语境可推知，他所做的简单的事情很可能没有在任何MBA课堂上被教(taught)过，故B项正确。A项意为“允许”；C项意为“检查”；D项意为“测试”。
13．A.market B．businessman
C．company D．employee
D 解析：根据下文中的“gained their confidence”和“Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees”可推知，Conant给每个员工(employee)写了便条，得到了他们的信任，故D项正确。
14．A.personally B．frankly
C．naturally D．occasionally
C 解析：根据语境可知，Conant得到了员工们的信任，顺理成章地(naturally)使公司好转(turned around)起来。
15．A.up B．down
C．away D．around
D 解析：参见上题解析。turn around意为“好转，扭转”，故D项正确。turn up意为“开大”；turn down意为“调低；拒绝”；turn away意为“把……打发走”。
16．A.hard B．great
C．amazing D．disappointing
A 解析：根据前一句可知，在担任CEO的十年间，Conant给他的员工们写了三万多张便条；结合语境和常识可知，这令人很难(hard)不去问他是如何做到的，故A项正确。
17．A.As usual B．In short
C．By the way D．After all
D 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示毕竟(After all)，除了(besides)写感谢便条，他有许多其他事情要做。
18．A.by B．in
C．besides D．without
C 解析：参见上题解析。
19．A.me B．it
C．him D．them
B 解析：根据语境可知，空处指代空前一句中的“writing a thankyou note”，故B项正确。
20．A.kindness B．joy
C．value D．confidence
A 解析：根据本文第一句中的“expressing ______ for kindness”并结合全文可推知，在这个疯狂的世界中，善良(kindness)的表达仍然会有作用，故A项正确。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
阅读理解
A
(2020·宣城诊断)Can you trust your very first childhood memories? Maybe not, a new study suggests.
Past studies show that people’s earliest memories typically form around 3 to 3.5 years of age. But in a recent survey of more than 6，600 people, British scientists have found that 39 percent of participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger. “These first memories are likely false，” the researchers said. This was particularly the case for middleaged and older adults.
For the study, researchers asked participants to describe their first memory and the age at which it occurred. Participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened. For example, it shouldn’t be based on a photograph, a family story or any source other than direct experiences. Then the researchers examined the content, language and descriptive details of these earliest memories and worked out the likely reasons why people would claim to have memories from an age when memories cannot form.
As many of these memories dated before the age of 2, this suggests they were not based on actual facts, but facts or knowledge about their babyhood or childhood from photographs or family stories. “Often these false memories are fired by a part of an early experience, such as family relationships or feeling sad，” the researchers explained.
“We suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is...a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood，” study author Shania Kantar said in a journal news release. “Additionally, further details may be unconsciously inferred or added. Such memorylike mental representations come, over time, to be collectively experienced when they come to mind, so for the individual, they quite simply are ‘memories’ which particularly point to babyhood.”
“Importantly, the person remembering them doesn’t know this is fictional，” study coauthor Martin Conway said. “In fact, when people are told that their memories are false, they often don’t believe it.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人最早的记忆一般始于三岁到三岁半。在调查了六千多名调查对象之后，研究人员声称那些两岁时或更早的记忆是有误的。
1．What can we learn from the recent study?
A．Memories form after the age of 3.
B．Participants are good at telling stories.
C．Adults are likely to form false memories.
D．Earliest memories may play a trick on us.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“‘These first memories are likely false，’ the researchers said.”可知，研究人员认为，这些人所认为的最初的记忆可能是错误的，并结合第四段、第五段分析的错误的最早记忆形成的原因可知D项正确。
2．Which source did the researchers require for the earliest memories?
A．A direct experience. B．A family story.
C．A family photo. D．A sad feeling.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二、第三句“Participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened. For example, it shouldn’t be based on a photograph, a family story or any source other than direct experiences.”可知，参与者被告知，他们必须确定记忆就是发生过的事；除了亲身经历，那件事不能基于一张照片、一个家庭故事或任何其他来源。故A项正确。
3．What are these fictional early memories according to Kantar?
A．They are repeated mental representations.
B．They are a collection of early experiences.
C．They are a combination of both facts and fictions.
D．They are further details of remembered experiences.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，尽管这些回忆中许多发生在两岁之前，但是研究表明这些记忆不是基于事实，而是基于婴儿或儿童时期的照片或家庭故事；结合第五段中Kantar所说的话可知，Kantar认为人们所认为的最早的记忆结合了事实和虚构的成分，故C项正确。
4．Which part of a newspaper is this text probably taken from?
A．Society. B．Psychology.
C．Technology. D．Health.
B 解析：文章出处题。根据第五段中的“We suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is...a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood”可知，虚构的最早的记忆是一种心理现象；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于最早记忆的研究，此项研究与心理学有关；据此可知，本文很可能摘自报纸的心理学版块，故B项正确。
B
(2020·铜陵调研)In American countryside, the message we hear is this: Go and get an education. Leave your small town and make something of yourself. Success and opportunity are found elsewhere.
After graduating from a high school in Helena, Arkansas, I did go.
I went to Colby College in Maine. I had visited the school ahead of time, so I knew what I was getting myself into. I knew about the difference in weather. I understood the difference in social atmosphere. But I wanted to stretch myself and get out of my comfort zone. And you know what? I absolutely loved my time there. But one thing took me by surprise—the lack of countryside representation. Most of the other students at Colby were from big cities: New York, Boston, Los Angeles, San Francisco...And when I had conversations with these students—in or outside of class—we almost always focused on topics facing large American cities. In my education classes, it was always “urban this” and “urban that”．
It was like small town America didn’t exist.
And this urban interest doesn’t just happen in college. I went to an education conference a couple of years ago, and a professor—someone who had been at the forefront of educational reform—was there to deliver a keynote. I was chosen to be part of a small group that got to meet with him. So there we were, five or six of us sitting in a room, and I asked him, “What are your thoughts on the state of education in the countryside？” And this man was speechless.
I’ll never forget that moment. It speaks to a larger truth. Towns like mine are forgotten.
This trend of exporting talent and resources to our big cities—this mindset of leaving small towns and never coming back—I don’t want to add to that movement. I want to reverse that movement.
Now it’s my turn to help people younger than me. And you know what? I’m a sixth grade teacher in Helena now.
【解题导语】 本文作者通过自己的大学生活经历以及在一次教育会议上与一位教授进行交流的故事说明了美国的乡村正在逐渐被人遗忘的现象，作者也由此决定要帮助乡村中的年轻人。
5．What do people in American countryside think of the future of the youth at home?
A．Secure. B．Fragile.
C．Promising. D．Bright.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Leave your small town and make something of yourself. Success and opportunity are found elsewhere.”可知，在美国的乡村，年轻人的就业前景并不稳定，成功和机会都在别处。故选B项。
6．What did the author find in his college classroom?
A．Students chatted freely.
B．Countryside was ignored.
C．He was looked down upon.
D．Students concentrated on education.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“And when I had conversations with these students...it was always ‘urban this’ and ‘urban that’．”和第四段“It was like small town America didn’t exist.”可知，作者在他的大学课堂中发现大家总是探讨与城市相关的问题，就好像乡村在美国不存在一样。也就是说，乡村被人们忽视了。故选B项。
7．How would the author feel about the professor’s reaction?
A．It’s emotional. B．It’s natural.
C．It’s positive. D．It’s disappointing.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“I’ll never forget that moment. It speaks to a larger truth. Towns like mine are forgotten.”可知，作者在教授对于自己提出的有关乡村的问题无言以对时，意识到像自己家乡那样的乡村被人们遗忘了。由此可推知，作者对此感到失望。故选D项。
8．What is the author doing now?
A．Teaching in a college.
B．Fighting for the movement.
C．Working with the professor.
D．Devoting himself to his hometown.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After graduating from a high school in Helena”可知，作者的家乡在海伦娜，再根据最后一段“Now it’s my turn to help people younger than me. And you know what? I’m a sixth grade teacher in Helena now.”可知，作者现在在家乡教书，帮助家乡中的年轻人，为家乡做贡献。故选D项。
七选五
(2020·合肥第一次质检)
Apologizing the Right Way to a Friend
Why are apologies so difficult? Saying you are sorry can be the most difficult thing you do. But we all make mistakes, so you’ll probably have an occasion when you need to apologize. Perhaps you had blew up at someone and realized later you reacted poorly. 1.________. Whatever the reason, apologizing can help you both heal and move on from the situation.
2．________. First, you acknowledge that you did something wrong. With an apology, you take responsibility for your actions, which allows your friend to forgive you. Second, an apology gives your sincerity as a friend. 3.________， but that doesn’t mean we still shouldn’t apologize.
Now, what are elements of a proper apology? 4.________， depending on what the offense was, where it was done, and who you are apologizing to. In general, a good apology should include the followings: a request for their attention, an acknowledgment of what happened, sincerity in admitting you did something wrong and the words “I’m sorry” or “I apologize”. Here are things never to say when apologizing. Note that the art of apologizing involves taking responsibility. Never apologize as a way to “shut someone up” when they are saying you hurt their feelings and you don’t think you did. 5.________， you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across. You’ll really need to selfreflect so you can see things from your friend’s point of view.
A．When you make your apology in person
B．If you really believe you did nothing wrong
C．Apologies benefit friendships in a variety of ways
D．The way you apologize is going to be slightly different
E．Or maybe you just didn’t show support when you needed to
F．Apologizing the right way, however, may take a little practice
G．Sometimes our pals forgive us easily for the minor things we do wrong
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了向朋友道歉的正确方法。
1．E 解析：根据空后的“Whatever the reason”可知，空处与空前一句讲的是向朋友道歉的原因，所以选项E与语境相符，且选项E中的“maybe”与空前一句中的“Perhaps”相呼应，故选E。
2．C 解析：空处位于段落句首主题句的位置；通读该段可知，该段主要讲的是道歉对友谊的好处，故C项符合语境。
3．G 解析：根据空后的“but that doesn’t mean we still shouldn’t apologize”可知，G项“有时我们的朋友轻易地就原谅了我们犯的小错误”符合语境。
4．D 解析：根据空后的“depending on...who you are apologizing to”可知，D项“你道歉的方式要稍微不同”与之衔接自然，故选D项。
5．B 解析：根据空后的“you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across”可知，B项“如果你确实认为你没做错什么”与之联系紧密，故选B项。
语法填空
(2020·昆明摸底调研)Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 1.____________(avoid) human beings, a new study finds.
Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 2.____________ people. By being awake at night, animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time 3.____________(look) for food.
The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can 4.____________ (fright) animals and cause them to become more active at night. 5.____________ had been studied were lions in Tanzania, tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared 6.____________(careful) how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities, such as hunting and farming. 7.____________ was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in nighttime activities, even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Results 8.____________(publish) in the journal Science two months ago.
The new findings are 9.____________(usual) because no one else has looked at it in such detail before. Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 10.____________(surprise) that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat.
【解题导语】 人类活动导致许多动物在夜间保持清醒以保持警惕状态。
1．to avoid 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究发现，狮子、老虎以及其他的动物在夜间保持清醒旨在避开人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
2．from 解析：考查固定搭配。keep away from...“远离……”，为固定搭配。
3．looking 解析：考查固定用法。spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”，为固定用法。
4．frighten 解析：考查动词。句意：最新的研究表明，即使像务农和野营这样的活动也会惊吓到动物，进而导致它们夜间变得更加活跃。情态动词can后应接动词原形，故应用名词fright的动词形式frighten。
5．What 解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，故填What。
6．carefully 解析：考查副词。修饰句中的谓语动词compared应使用副词。
7．It 解析：考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，去掉______ was和that之后，句子表意完整，故该句为强调句型“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”。
8．were published 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，谓语动词publish和句子的主语Results之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语two months ago可知，描述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
9．unusual 解析：考查形容词。句意：因为先前没人对此进行过如此详细的研究，所以这些新的发现显得不同寻常。
10．surprised 解析：考查形容词。此处为过去分词作表语，表示主语Marlee Tucker的状态，故用形容词surprised。
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