2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦学案：必修3Unit1　Theworldofoursenses

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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．glance vi.& n．瞥一眼，匆匆看
2．stare vi. 凝视，盯着看
3．nowhere adv. 无处，到处都不
4．whisper vi.& vt. 小声说；私下说
5．narrow adj. 狭窄的
6．contrary adj. 相反的
n. 相反的事实或情况
7．panic vi.& n. 惊慌，恐慌
8．loose adj. 松动的，松开的；宽松的
vt. 松开，释放
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．approach vi.& vt. 靠近；着手处理
n. 靠近；方法；路径
2．puzzle n. 谜，疑问
vt. 迷惑，使困惑
3．volunteer n. 志愿者
vi.& vt. 自愿做，义务做
4．likely adj. 可能的
5．calm adj. 镇静的，沉着的，平静的
vt.& vi. 使平静，镇静
6．grasp vt. 抓紧，抓牢
7．grateful adj. 感激的，表示感谢的
8．reduce vt.& vi. 减少
9．attach vt. 使连在一起，把……附在
……上；认为……重要
10．aid n．& vt. 帮助
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．suit n．套装 vt.适合，满足需要→suitable adj.合适的，适宜的
2．confuse vt.使糊涂，使迷惑→confused adj.困惑的→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confusion n．迷惑，混淆
3．observe vt.观察；注意到；评论→observer n．观察者；评论者→observation n．观察；评论
4．hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑不决→hesitation n．犹豫
5．anxious adj.焦虑的，忧虑的→anxiety n．焦虑；渴望
6．recognize vt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认→recognition n．识别；确认，认可；赏识
7．ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会→ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的→ignorance n．愚昧，无知
8．employ vt.使用；雇用→employer n．雇主→employee n．受雇者，雇员，雇工→employment n．职业；雇用；使用
9．relief n．轻松，宽慰→relieve v．减轻；解除
10．analyse vt.分析→analysis n．分析；验定
11．distance n．距离；远处→distant adj.遥远的
12．disability n．缺陷；伤残→disabled adj.残疾的→disable v．使(某人)失去能力/残疾
13．attract vt.吸引→attractive adj.有吸引力的，诱人的→attraction n．吸引，有吸引力的人或事

1.“看”遍天下
①observe 观察
②glance (at) 匆匆看一眼
③watch 观看，关注
④notice 注意到，留心
⑤stare (at) 凝视，盯着看
⑥glare (at) 怒视
⑦peer 窥视，凝视
⑧witness 目击，目睹
2.“方法”多样
①approach ②means
③method ④way
⑤manner ⑥mode
3．“抓住，捕捉”集合
①grasp ②seize
③hold ④catch
⑤capture
4.“惊恐”万状
①fear 担心，害怕
②alarm 使惊恐，警告
③frighten 使害怕，吓唬
④horror 惊骇，恐怖
⑤terror 恐怖，惊骇
⑥shock 震惊，使吃惊
⑦panic 惊慌，恐慌
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．glance_at 瞥一眼，匆匆看
2．in_sight 看得到，在视力范围之内
3．reach_out 伸出(手)
4．watch_out_for 留心，密切注意
5．pay_back 偿还；回报；报复
6．make_any_difference 有差别，有影响
7．be_related/linked_to 与……有关/联系
8．clear_up (天气)放晴
9．work_out 制订出；算出；进展顺利
10．come_across 邂逅，不期而遇
11．roll_up 卷起来
12．result_in 导致，结果是
13．stare_at 盯着看，睁大眼睛看
14．attach...to... 把……附在……上
15．make_sense 有意义；讲得通
16．wish_for 盼望，企盼
17．be_grateful_to 对……表示感激
18．to_one’s_surprise 使某人惊奇的是
19．come_to_one’s_aid 帮助某人
20．in_the_distance 在远处

1.“v.＋across”常用短语
①come across 邂逅，不期而遇
②get across 使明白
③cut across 走捷径
④run across 穿过；碰到
⑤go across 穿过，通过
2.wish短语小结
①wish for 盼望，企盼
②as you wish 随心所欲
③fulfill a wish 实现愿望
④get one’s wish 如愿以偿
⑤make a wish 许愿，祈求
⑥go against one’s wishes 与某人的意愿相违
3.pay短语速记
①pay back 偿还；回报；报复
②pay off 付清；取得成功
③pay for 为……而付钱
④pay a visit to 参观，拜访
⑤pay attention to 注意
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：by the time引导时间状语从句，主句常用完成时
As she walked along the narrow street, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching, but by_the_time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone.　
当沿着那条狭窄的街道行走时，她听到了渐近的脚步声，但当她走到街道的拐角处时，脚步声却又消失了。
句型2：find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Polly found_herself_staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.
波莉抬头看去，发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。
句型3：rather than而不是，常用于平行结构中
While having dinner, listen to some enjoyable music rather_than watch television.　
吃晚饭时，听一些令人愉快的音乐而不是看电视。
句型4：倍数句型：...times＋adj./adv.比较级＋than...
Don’t be frightened by sharks: you are 30_times_more_likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
不要惧怕鲨鱼，因为你被闪电击中的概率可能是被鲨鱼攻击的30倍。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2017·江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve(减轻) worldwide starvation.
2．We will be exploring different approaches(方法) to gathering information.
3．Facing the difficulty, I kept calm(镇静的) and tried to think of a way out.
4．Time is running out. It’s likely(可能的) that we’ll miss the deadline.
5．I’m so grateful to all those volunteers(志愿者) because they helped my terrible day end happily.
6．The final score of the basketball match was 93∶94. We were only narrowly(narrow) beaten.
7．Some hospital patients experience high levels of anxiety(anxious)．
8．There was still a distance(distant) between me and my father.
9．So employed(employ) was he in playing computer games that he didn’t hear the knock.
10．I had no hesitation(hesitate) in calling the police because I realised he was capable of murder.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I found a suitable shopping mall, where last night I bought a coat that suited me just fine.(suit)
2．It was within easy walking distance of the hotel, but he felt it distant and chose another one.(distant)
3．Catherine hesitated to whether to answer the telephone, but after a brief hesitation,_she picked it up.(hesitate)
4．Deaf though she is, the disabled girl refuses to let her disability prevent her from doing what she wants.(disable)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
watch out; attach importance to; without hesitation; reach out; in sight
The 75yearold Mr. Zhang went out for shopping on a foggy morning, but he could see nothing 1.in_sight. As a result, he came across a traffic accident as he approached the crossroads. Fortunately, some passersby 2.reached_out their hands to help him and rushed him to the hospital 3.without_hesitation. Mr. Zhang was grateful to those who had helped him. This reminds us that everyone should 4.attach_importance_to safety and we should 5.watch_out when crossing the road.
in the distance; to one’s surprise; come across; make a difference; work out; pay back; wish for
One day, I got across a long road in Xi’an. 6.To_my_surprise,_I 7.came_across some famous professors, who 8.wished_for passing on their knowledge to others without being 9.paid_back. At the same time, they also 10.worked_out an antipoverty plan to help those living 11.in_the_distance,_which, they hoped, would 12.make_a_difference．
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．当你收到这封信时，我已经离开这个国家了。
By the time this letter reaches you, I have_left the country.
2．他失望地发现他的建议被拒绝了。
He was disappointed to find_his_suggestions_turned_down．
3．正是文化而非语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。
It was the culture, rather_than_the_language,_that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
4．这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。
This hall is five_times_bigger_than our classroom.

observe　vt.看到，观察，注意到；遵守(法律，习俗等)；庆祝(节日等)；评论
[一词多义]——写出下列句中observe的含义
①(2019·天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.观察
②(江苏卷)Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed.遵守
③I’d like to tell you something about how we observe the Spring Festival.庆祝
④She observed her best friend walking on the opposite side of the road.注意到
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤当我经过他的房子时，我看到他正在院子里玩耍。
When I passed by his house, I observed_him_playing in the yard.
⑥刚才他被看到拿着一本书走进了办公室。
He was_observed_to_enter the office with a book in his hand just now.

observe sb. doing sth.　看到某人正在做某事
observe sb.do sth. 看到某人做了某事
observe sb./sth. done 看到某人/物被……
[佳句背诵] Also known as TombSweeping Day, the Qingming Festival is usually observed around April 5 and is a time for honoring deceased family relatives. 　
清明节，也就是人们熟知的扫墓日，通常在4月5日左右，人们常在这一天祭祀亡故的亲人。
[名师点津] observe作“观察；注意”讲时，可用省去to的动词不定式或v.ing形式作宾语补足语；但如果用于被动语态，省去的动词不定式符号to要还原。类似的词还有see, watch, notice, hear, feel，make等。
approach　v．接近；靠近；走近；处理　n．接近；通路；方法；步骤
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(天津卷)Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching(approach)．
b．(上海卷) Approaching(approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
②a.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China’s approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，”．..
b．At the approach of the 2021 college entrance examination, most of us stay up late to study.
[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级
(普通表达) As the time for graduation is coming, we are busy with our papers.
③(高级表达)As the time for graduation is approaching/drawing_near/around_the_corner,_we are busy with our papers.
④(高级表达)With_the_time_for_graduation_approaching,_we are busy with our papers.(with复合结构)

approach sb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物
an approach to... 做某事的方法；通向
某地的路
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
[佳句背诵] The four diagnostic approaches of TCM consist of observing, listening and smelling, inquiring and pulse taking.
望、闻、问、切是中医诊断的四种方法。
[名师点津] (1)表示“(做)某事的方法”的搭配还有：①the way to do/of (doing) sth.；②the means of (doing) sth.；③the method of (doing) sth.。
(2)way, means, manner, method和approach都有“方法”之意，但搭配不同。例如in this way, with this method, by this means, in this manner。
(3)表示“……来临”的表达有：
be approaching; be drawing near; be around the corner。
hesitate　v．犹豫，迟疑不决
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She hesitated about/over the choice between the two cellphones, Mate 30 or Mate 20.
②(2019·北京卷)If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never hesitates to_buy(buy) them a meal.
③Please have no hesitation(hesitate) in writing to me if you want me to do something for you in China.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)如果你对餐桌礼仪还有一些疑问，请不要犹豫，告诉我。
④If you still have some doubts about table manners, please don’t_hesitate_to_tell_me．(hesitate)
⑤If you still have some doubts about table manners, please tell_me_without_hesitation．(hesitation)

(1)hesitate about/over (doing) sth.
(做)……犹豫不决
hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫；迟疑；不情愿
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
　
[佳句背诵] Please do not hesitate to ask me if you have any questions or require more information.
如果您有任何问题或需要更多信息，请随时询问我。(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
[词块助记] don’t hesitate to call us
随时给我们打电话
accept the job without hesitatio
毫不犹豫地接受了这份工作
anxious　adj.焦虑的，忧虑的；挂念的；渴望的，急切的；不安的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷)She was anxious to_know(know) what had happened.
②a.(2018·天津卷)Anxiously(anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
b．(北京卷)Anxious(anxious) all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
③If you are worried about your health, share your anxiety(anxious) with your doctor.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
我非常担心即将到来的考试，以至于晚上都睡不着觉。
④(普通表达)I’m so_anxious_about_the_coming_exam_that I can hardly fall asleep at night.
⑤(高级表达)Anxious_about_the_coming_exam,_I can hardly fall asleep at night.(形容词短语作状语)

(1)be anxious for/about sth.
为某事担心(忧虑)
be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.
渴望(某人) 做某事
(2)anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑，担心
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv. 焦急地，忧虑地；渴望地
[佳句背诵] Some of us were confident and eager to take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.　我们有些同学很自信，渴望参加课堂活动，另一些同学则紧张不安。(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
[名师点津] 表示渴望(做)某事的常用短语还有long to do sth./for sth.；desire to do sth./for sth.；be eager to do sth./for sth.；be dying to do sth./for sth.等。
relief　n．(痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，减轻，调剂；救济；轻松，宽慰
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(山东卷)Those who suffer from headache will find they get relief from this medicine.
②Much to my parents’ relief, I was eventually admitted to a key university.
③The patient was relieved of his chest pain by a special treatment.
[能力提升]——一句多译
帮助他们最终摆脱困境是多么令人欣慰的事啊！
④It_is_a_relief_to_help them out of trouble finally.(it作形式主语)
⑤What_a_relief_it_is_to_help them out of trouble finally！(感叹句)

(1)to one’s relief　令人感到欣慰的是
with relief 欣慰地，宽慰地
(2)It is a relief to do sth. 做某事很放心/舒心。
What a relief! 多么令人欣慰啊！
breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负，松了一口气
(3)relieve v. (疼痛/问题等)减轻，缓解
relieve sb.of... 解除/减轻某人的……
　
[佳句背诵] Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.
尽管如此，当季节结束时，我们大多数志愿者都会松一口气。(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
recognis(z)e　vt.(正式)承认；认识，辩认出；认知；意识到
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·江苏卷)China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing(recognize) its role in international affairs.
b．If you want to get your ability recognised(recognise), you have to show it in your work rather than complain all day.
②(安徽卷)I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond recognition(recognise)．
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)People recognise that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.
③(高级表达)It_is_recognised_that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face. (it引导主语从句)
④(高级表达)Environmental pollution is_recognised_to_have_become one of the most serious problems that people face. (被动语态)

(1)recognise/recognize sb./one’s voice
认出某人/听出某人的声音
recognise/recognize...as/to be 承认……是；
认出……是
It is recognised/recognized that... 人们公认……
(2)recognition n. 认出；认识
beyond recognition 认不出来
　[佳句背诵] Cellphones, which are now universally recognised as/to be a must, have a great effect on us.　手机现在被普遍认为是一种必需品，对我们有很大的影响。
[名师点津] 表示“认为……是……”的短语：
①regard...as...②consider...as...③see...as...④view...as...⑤think of...as...⑥look on...as...⑦treat...as...⑧think...to be...
attach　vt.系；贴；连接；把……固定；使附属；重视
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
① (全国卷Ⅰ)So I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.
②a.(2019·浙江卷6月)But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached(attach) to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
b．This research centre attached(attach) to the university is in the charge of Mr.Smith.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③很明显人们更加重视经常锻炼。
It’s evident that people attach_greater_significance_to_taking_regular_exercise．
(1)attach...to...　把……附在……上；

把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to
重视，认为……重要/有意义
(2)attached adj. (作表语)附属于；
依恋的
be attached to 依恋；爱慕；留恋；
附属于　
[佳句背诵] Great importance has been attached to
qualified personnel in our nation since ancient times.
自古以来，我国就十分重视人才。
[名师点津] attach ...to ...中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。
calm　vt.&vi.使平静；镇静　adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
[基础练习]——单句改错
①(四川卷)Don’t panic or get out of line，and try to remain quiet and calmly.calmly→calm
[能力提升]——完成句子
②在紧急情况下，面对危险我们应该保持镇静，这点至关重要。
We should keep_calm_in_the_face_of_danger,_which matters much in case of emergency.

(1)calm (sb.) down (使某人)平静下来；镇静下来
(2)stay/keep/be calm 保持镇静
(3)calmness n. 镇静；沉着　
[佳句背诵] Don’t be nervous！Keep calm even when you are in the face of danger.
别紧张！即使面对危险时也要保持镇定。
likely　adj.可能的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to_recover(recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
②(陕西卷)If one is late for a job interview, it is unlikely(likely) that he will get the job.
[能力提升]——一句多译
白天这个时候他不可能来，因为他太忙了。
③He_is_not_likely_to_come/It_is_not_likely_that_he_will_come at this time of the day because he is too busy. (likely)
④It_is_not_possible_for_him_to_come/It_is_not_possible_that_he_will_come at this time of the day because he is too busy. (possible)
⑤It_is_not_probable_that_he_will_come at this time of the day because he is too busy. (probable)

(1)Sb./Sth.be likely to do sth.　某人/某物可
能会做某事
It is likely that... 很可能……
(2)unlikely adj. 不可能的　
[名师点津] (1)likely指从表面迹象来判断，表面上看来有可能。常用结构：Sth./Sb.is likely to do sth.；It’s likely that ...；
(2)possible指客观上有可能，也许实际发生的可能性并不大。常用结构：It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.；It is possible that ...；
(3)probable表示有几分根据的推测，比possible表示的可能性大，一般不用表示人的词作主语。常用结构：It is probable that ...。
employ　vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have_been_employed(employ) only since the mid1980s，and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
②The government has taken effective measures to create more employment(employ) opportunities.
③Employed in reading, he didn’t see Tom come in.忙于(做某事)
[能力提升]——完成句子
④公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，员工可以在这种氛围中享受他们的工作。
The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where_his_employees_enjoy_their_work．

(1)employ sb.as...　雇用某人任……
employ sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
(2)employer n. 雇主
employee n. 雇员；受雇者
employment n. 职业；工作；使用　
[佳句背诵] If I am lucky enough to be employed, I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust.
一旦有幸被雇用，我将尽最大的努力回报您的信任。
[联想发散] “忙于做某事”的表达：
①employ_oneself_in_doing_sth.；
②be_employed_in_doing_sth.；
③be_busy_with_sth.；
④be_busy_doing_sth..
in sight　看得到，在视力范围之内
[基础练习]——用sight的相关短语填空
①I caught_sight_of an empty seat at the back of the bus.
②Only a shortsighted man will lose_sight_of the importance of education.
③Seeing two policemen coming, the thief swiftly went out_of_sight．
④At_the_sight_of his mother, the little boy burst into tears.
⑤It was very quiet all around with nobody in_sight．
⑥I recognised the man at_first_sight because we had known each other for years.

at the sight of..．一看见……
at first sight 初看时，乍一看
out of sight 看不见
catch sight of 看见
lose sight of 看不见　
[佳句背诵] He said to himself that his hour was in sight and that it drove him to keep his eyes upon it.
他自言自语道，他的日子已屈指可数，他必须清醒地看到这一点。
reach out　伸出(手)，伸手拿
[基础练习]——用reach的相关短语填空
①It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot within_reach．
②When you need help，reach_out to the people who care about you.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③她伸出手，迅速拿走了那个盒子。
She_reached_out_her_hands_and_took_the_box_away_quickly.
④把玩具放到那个婴儿可以拿得到的地方。
Put_the_toys_within_the_reach_of_that_baby.

(1)reach out one’s hand for sth. 伸手拿某物
(2)
within sb.’s reach＝within the reach of sb.
某人手够得到的地方；在某人能力范围之内　
[佳句背诵] I could almost reach out and grab it right then and there.
我当场几乎都能伸手把它抓住了。
watch out for　留心，密切注意
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Will you watch over my clothes while I have a swim?
②Watch out for the dog while passing by that yard.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③警方正密切注意着那些人的活动。
The police are_keeping_a_close_watch_on the activities of those men.
④士兵们赶来守护这座城市并维持治安。
Soldiers arrived to_watch_over the city and maintain peace.
⑤你必须小心，这里到处是地雷。
You_have_to_watch_out because there are land mines all over the place.

(1)watch out 小心；提防
watch for 守候，等待
watch over 看守；监视；照管
(2)on watch 值班，看守
keep a watch on 关注，密切注意　
[佳句背诵] Watch out for a tall man in black hat.
注意一个戴黑帽子的高个子男人。
[联想发散] 表示“当心，留神”的短语还有：look_out_for,_take_care,_be_careful。

find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材P3)Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.　波莉抬头看去，发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.But when the police arrived, they found the door locked(lock) and all windows closed(close)．
b．(2019·天津卷)Yet, now that I’m growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing(need) a way to escape.
②(2018·浙江卷6月)After wandering in the forest, we found ourselves lost (lose) in a strange path.
③(山东卷)The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to_tell(tell) one from the other.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)He found that his son was surrounded by papers and he was looking very worried.
(高级表达)He_found_his_son_surrounded_by_papers_and_looking_very_worried.(find＋宾语＋宾补)

(1)find＋宾语＋
(2)find＋it＋adj./n.＋to do
发现/认为做某事……
　
[佳句背诵] She woke up and found herself in a hospital.
她醒过来，发现自己躺在一家医院里。
[名师点津]
(1)与find用法相同的动词还有：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, keep等。
(2)记住句式结构，分清宾语与宾语补足语之间的逻辑关系是关键。
倍数句型：...times＋adj./adv.比较级＋than...
(教材P18)Don’t be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.　不要惧怕鲨鱼，因为你被闪电击中的概率可能是被鲨鱼攻击的30倍。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(江苏卷)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.
②The new stadium being built for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games will be three times the height(high) of the present one.
[能力提升]——一句多译
在建的体育馆将是操场的三倍。
③The new stadium being built will be three_times_as_big_as the playground.
④The new stadium being built will be three_times_the_size_of the playground.
⑤The new stadium being built will be twice_bigger_than the playground.

30 times more...than...为倍数表达法之一。倍数表达法的常见结构：
A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B
A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B
A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋of B　
[佳句背诵] ①It’s said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was.
据说该发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。(安徽卷)
②He earns five times more money than he did ten years ago.
他现在挣的钱比十年前挣的多5倍。
[名师点津] 表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数或half等其他程度状语。

维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．I observed him trying(try) to force the lock of the door open when I passed by, so I called the police.
2．By the time of tomorrow morning, I will_have_left(leave) the country.
3．With the final examination approaching(approach), we are busy going over what we’ve learned this term.
4．Having_been_ignored(ignore) for a long time, the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.
5．There are various kinds of jobs in the world，but different people are_attracted(attract) by different jobs because everyone has his own interest and destination.
维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．The young man climbed the tree and picked all the pears within his reach.
2．Human biological rhythms are related to the natural cycle of day and night.
3．They saw he was in difficulty and came to his aid.
4．It’s fantastic to swim in the sea, but you have to watch out for sharks.
5．With the skin gone, to what can the hair attach itself?
维度三　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2019·浙江卷6月)We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal.认可，赞赏
2．Personally, we should attach great importance to the protection of some endangered animals.重视
3．I advise you to do what you like to keep calm, such as listening to music, doing sports and so on.镇定的
4．Chinese people observe the Spring Festival in the same way that western people celebrate Christmas Day.庆祝
5．(2017·天津卷)I am employed in my lessons now for the College Entrance Examination, which is very important to me, is near.忙于
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.处理
维度四　易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．Don’t hesitate contacting me if you need any more information.contacting→to_contact
2．At the meeting they discussed three different approaches for the study of mathematics.for→to
3．Ann likes to keep people at the distance, so many people often think twice before they talk with her.the→a
4．It’s uncertain that the experiment is worth doing.that→whether
5．They stood there, glared at each other.glared→glaring或把逗号改为and
6．It recognized that listening to music is of great benefit.在It后加is
7．After several years’ hard work, her hands became roughly.roughly→rough
8．Blue suit you and you can wear it more often.suit→suits
维度五　完成句子
1．无论何时我找他帮忙，他都会毫不犹豫地帮助我，这让我很感动。
Whenever I ask him for help，he doesn’t hesitate_to_help_me，which_moves_me_a_lot．
2．他的成功与好运无关。是多年的努力工作使他成为今天这个样子。
His success has nothing to do with good luck.It’s_years_of_hard_work_that has made what he is today.
3．你检查作业时一定留心拼写错误。
Do watch_out_for spelling mistakes when you check your homework.
4．我们大家都应该非常重视校车安全。
All of us should attach_great_importance_to_the_safety_of_school_buses．
5．如果你给我一些如何学好英语的建议我将感激不尽。
I would be very grateful_to_you_if_you_give_me_some_advice_on_how_to_learn_English_well．
6．很多调查和研究表明空气污染导致癌症的增加。
A lot of research and studies have shown that air pollution results_in_the_increase_of_cancers．

提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Lin Lin is a schoolgirl who takes new approaches to 1.employing(employ) herself in her lessons because she attaches importance 2.to the study. Once a schedule is made, by strictly 3.observing(observe) it, she can avoid putting off what should be done till tomorrow. But she is not good at maths. So she is 4.anxious(anxiety) about the coming exam.
Last night, Lin Lin had a very bad dream. In her dream, she 5.hesitated(hesitate) to write the answer to the 6.confusing(confuse) question and failed the maths exam. As 7.a result, her mother punished her by asking her to kneel down. What was 8.worse(bad), all her classmates laughed at her, saying, “Ha! Ha! How stupid you are！” It is very likely 9.that they will not agree to her studying methods.
How sad Lin Lin was feeling then! Suddenly she woke up. She felt 10.relieved(relief) that it was only a dream.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①我们很重视我们的五种感觉，并充分利用它们来感知世界。
We attach_great_importance_to our five senses and make the most of them to sense the world.
②一旦丧失了其中的一种感觉，我们就会被看成是残疾人。
Once we lose one of the senses, we will_be_recognized_as people with disability.
③我们或许会看不到周围的任何东西，或许任何声音都不能引起我们的注意。
We may not catch_sight_of_anything around us, or no sound can attract our attention.
④我们无论在什么地方，都要当心我们的感觉，减少受伤害的机会。
Wherever we are, we should_watch_out_for_our_senses and reduce the chance of being hurt.
⑤我们要毫不犹豫地伸出援手帮助需要帮助的人。
We should not hesitate to reach_out_to_help_people in need.
2．升级平淡句
⑥用省略结构升级句②
Once_losing_one_of_the_senses,_we_will_be_recognized_as_people_with_disability.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：so, in the meanwhile)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
We attach great importance to our five senses and make the most of them to sense the world.Once losing one of the senses, we will be recognized as people with disability.We may not catch sight of anything around us, or no sound can attract our attention.So wherever we are, we should watch out for our senses and reduce the chance of being hurt.In the meanwhile, we should not hesitate to reach out to help people in need.

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形
阅读理解
A
(2020·皖南八校联考)You try to keep your eyes wide open while watching a basketball match or a wonderful firework show in case you might miss something exciting in just the blink of an eye. But in fact, humans blink about 15 times per minute on average. Have you ever missed anything because you blinked? Probably not. Why is that?
According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September, our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink. It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption.
In order to understand how this works, a group of scientists at the German Primate Center and the University Center Gottingen in Germany conducted an experiment. In the study, the participants were asked to look at patterns on a screen whose direction could be interpreted in different ways, such as horizontally(水平地) or vertically(垂直地). When one pattern was about to disappear and the next one was about to come, the participants had to indicate the direction that the next pattern would appear.
The researchers found that when the directions of two patterns didn’t match, the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated. This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.
“The medial prefrontal cortex(额叶皮层) adjusts current visual information with previously obtained information, and thus enables us to perceive the world with more stability, even when we briefly close our eyes to blink，” Caspar Schwiedrzik explained in Science Daily. He is the first author of the study and also a scientist at the German Primate Center.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，眨眼并不会错过细节并解释了其原因。
1．We don’t miss anything when blinking because our brain can ________．
A．deal with the missing image
B．remember all that we see
C．imagine what our eyes miss
D．put our pieces of memory together
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September, our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink.” 可知，根据九月份发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项新研究，我们的大脑有能力跳过我们眨眼时形成的暂时黑暗。据此可推知，由于我们的大脑能处理丢失的图像，所以眨眼不会让我们错过任何东西，故A项正确。
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Our brain． B．Visual information.
C．Current Biology. D．The temporary darkness.
B　解析：代词指代题。根据第二段第二句“It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption.”可知，大脑可以在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像，故可推知，it指代上文中的“visual information”，故B项正确。
3．What do we know about the experiment?
A．The two patterns appear at the same time.
B．Visual memory can be more activated by similarity.
C．Participants can interpret patterns differently.
D．The different directions activated visual memory.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“when the directions of two patterns didn’t match, the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated. This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.”可知，当两个模式的方向不一致时，掌握视觉记忆的大脑区域则被激活；当两种模式在同一方向时，这个区域则显示出较少的活动。据此可知，不同的方向能激活视觉记忆，故D项正确。
4．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．The Brain’s Structure
B．The Brain’s Activated Patterns
C．The Brain’s Special Skill
D．The Brain’s Orientation
C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项科学研究。研究表明，眨眼不会错过细节并解释了其原因，即大脑有能力在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像信息。故C项最适合作本文的标题。
B
(2020·济南高三质检)There are only a few truly pleasant smells to wake up to in the morning. For me, it’s the smell of freshly brewed coffee. Just a sniff of it makes me jump out of bed and rush to the kitchen for a gulp of the hot black liquid.
If you’re a big fan of coffee, you’ll understand that opening a new packet of coffee releases an amazing smell—fresh, roasted coffee beans. And you’ll be able to identify the beans’ origin—Colombia, Vietnam or Brazil. Tim Hayward is a food writer and coffee shop owner; he believes the smell is absolutely vital. “When you walk into the coffee shop in the morning and that smell hits you, you’re getting physiological responses.”
I know from experience when I walk into a cafe, my mouth begins to water and it’s the smell that makes me feel good. However, this feeling sometimes turns to disappointment. This is particularly the case when I order a coffee to go in a tall paper cup and sip the liquid through a hole in the lid. Yes, it’s convenient, but is it really the right way to appreciate it?
You walk into the coffee shop, you get the smell, but when you actually take the drink out, you are drinking it from something that is designed to deliver the hot liquid directly past your tongue, but prevent any smell coming up to your nose. As well as eliminating the smell, takeaway coffee cups create a lot of waste and a vast majority of them still don’t get recycled. So maybe now is the time to really wake up and smell the coffee by drinking from a cup in a cafe, chatting with friends and saving the planet!
【解题导语】　咖啡的味道令作者着迷，但是纸杯装的咖啡，其味道被阻隔了，无法让人感觉到咖啡真正的味道，并且纸杯还带来污染。
5．In which aspect does the author agree with Tim Hayward?
A．People drink coffee first thing in the morning.
B．Coffee beans’ origin makes all the differences.
C．Some people are addicted to drinking coffee.
D．It’s the smell of coffee that really matters.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“For me, it’s the smell of freshly brewed coffee.”以及第二段第三句中的“he believes the smell is absolutely vital”可知，两人都认为咖啡的味道非常重要。故选D。
6．What does the author complain about?
A．The process of making coffee.
B．The high temperature of coffee.
C．The design of the paper coffee cup.
D．The inconvenience of buying coffee.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段第一句中的“you are drinking it from something that is designed to deliver the hot liquid directly past your tongue, but prevent any smell coming up to your nose”可知，纸杯的设计令作者不满。故选C。
7．What can replace the word “eliminating” underlined in Paragraph 4?
A．Creating.　 B．Removing.
C．Increasing. D．Changing.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句中的“prevent any smell coming up to your nose”并结合画线词所在句可推知，该词的含义与“prevent”含义相近，故选B。
8．What can be the best title of the text?
A．Wake Up and Smell the Coffee
B．Try to Be a Real Lover of Coffee
C．Drink Coffee to Save the Planet
D．Choose Takeaway Coffee for Convenience
A　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段第二句“For me, it’s the smell of freshly brewed coffee.”并结合文章其他内容可知，全文围绕咖啡的味道展开叙述，主要讲述了作者对咖啡味道的喜爱，并表述了打包带走的纸杯装咖啡的坏处，并因此建议不如在咖啡馆内坐下来，细细品味咖啡，故A项最适合作本文标题。
完形填空
(2020·沈阳教学质量监测)Jayce began noticing when he was in kindergarten that he looked different from his classmates. They had two arms. He had one.
It started when one boy __1__him, said his mother, Lewis. He’d return to his home with questions：“Why am I __2__？ Why me？” His mother recalled he was actually sad and that it was a heavy __3__ to his heart.
Lewis __4__ she didn’t know what to do at that point. A few weeks later, Lewis turned on the TV and saw a news story about an eighth grader, Trashaun, becoming an Internet hit after __5__ videos of his slam dunks(灌篮), and, like Jayce, he __6__ most of his left arm. Lewis called Jayce in. To her surprise, Jayce was immediately __7__. At the time, it seemed that watching Trashaun was __8__ an inspiring moment for Jayce—he saw a role model with a similar __9__. If it had stayed just that, Lewis would have been happy enough. But little did she know that a family friend had already __10__ to the newspaper to help set up a __11__ with Trashaun to build Jayce’s confidence.
The boys met and instantly __12__ with each other as both of them were in the same condition. They rode bikes, took photos, and played basketball on the court. Instead of spending the whole day feeling __13__ for themselves, they had a lot of fun. However, Trashaun did get __14__ with Jayce sometimes. They talked about his left arm. He told Jayce he was perfect the way he was made. He also told him not to let anyone __15__ him and not to let those words shake his __16__．
Since that meeting, Lewis has seen a noticeable __17__ in her son. As for Trashaun, his relationship with Jayce made him __18__ to help more kids. “Honestly, it __19__ a lot to know that I changed Jayce’s life，” Trashaun says. Still, he never dreamed that his __20__ would have such an impact. “I just thought my friends would see them, and be like, ‘Oh, he dunked it！’”
He certainly did.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Trashaun帮助Jayce重拾信心的故事。
1．A.supported　 B．teased
C．cheated D．pleased
B　解析：根据第一段可知，Jayce在幼儿园时注意到自己和同班同学不一样，因为他只有一只胳膊，结合下文中的“he was actually sad and that it was a heavy ______ to his heart”可推知，此处是说Jayce因为缺少一只胳膊而被一个男孩嘲笑(teased)，故选B。
2．A.lonely B．silly
C．different D．ordinary
C　解析：根据语境可知，Jayce不明白自己为什么与别人不同(different)，故选C。
3．A.duty B．breath
C．debt D．blow
D　解析：根据上文Jayce被嘲笑并结合语境可推知，缺少一只胳膊不仅让Jayce很难过，而且这对其心灵是一个沉重的打击(blow)，故选D。
4．A.argued B．promised
C．suspected D．admitted
D　解析：根据语境可推知，当时Lewis承认(admitted)她并不知道应该做些什么(来帮助她的儿子)，故选D。
5．A.downloading B．posting
C．buying D．watching
B　解析：根据语境可知，Trashaun把他自己的灌篮视频发布(posting)到网上后走红，故选B。
6．A.lost B．hurt
C．used D．recovered
A　解析：根据该句中的“like Jayce”和“most of his left arm”，并结合上文Jayce少了一只胳膊可推知，Trashaun的境况和Jayce一样，他失去(lost)了大部分左胳膊，故选A。
7．A.satisfied B．confused
C．bored D．attracted
D　解析：根据下文中的“At the time, it seemed that watching Trashaun was ________ an inspiring moment for Jayce”可推知，Jayce立刻被Trashaun的故事吸引(attracted)了，故选D。
8．A.hardly B．simply
C．still D．never
B　解析：根据下文中的“If it had stayed just that, Lewis would have been happy enough.”可推知，当时看Trashaun的视频对Jayce来说只是(simply)一个鼓舞人心的时刻，故选B。
9．A.response B．family
C．problem D．education
C　解析：根据语境可推知，Jayce缺少一只胳膊，Trashaun失去了大部分左胳膊，故此处指他们两个有类似的问题(problem)，故选C。
10．A.reached out B．looked out
C．got out D．turned out
A　解析：根据语境可推知，Lewis的一位朋友已经联系(reached out)了报社来帮助安排Jayce和Trashaun的会面(meeting)，从而增强Jayce的自信心，故选A。
11．A.game B．fighting
C．trap D．meeting
D　解析：参见上题解析。
12．A.bonded B．competed
C．parted D．raced
A　解析：根据下文中的“They rode bikes, took photos, and played basketball on the court.”可推知，两个男孩拥有相同的境况，很快建立了互信关系。bond with sb.“建立(与某人的)互信关系”，为固定搭配，故选A。
13．A.happy B．grateful
C．sorry D．fearful
C　解析：根据语境“Instead of”可推知，此处与下文的“fun”形成对比，故选C。
14．A.angry B．serious
C．tough D．familiar
B　解析：根据空前的“However”与下文中的“They talked about his left arm.”可推知，Trashaun有时也会和Jayce有严肃的(serious)时刻，他们会谈论他的左胳膊，故选B。
15．A.approach B．comfort
C．discourage D．leave
C　解析：根据语境可推知，此处是Trashaun在鼓励Jayce，告诉他不要让任何人使他气馁(discourage)，也不要让其他人的话动摇他的信心(confidence)，故选C。
16．A.confidence B．patience
C．sadness D．honesty
A　解析：参见上题解析。
17．A.advantage B．scar
C．drawback D．change
D　解析：根据下文中的“‘Honestly, it ______ a lot to know that I changed Jayce’s life，’ Trashaun says.”可推知，自从那次会面后，Jayce发生了显著的变化(change)，故选D。
18．A.expect B．agree
C．hesitate D．refuse
A　解析：根据下文中的“‘Honestly, it ______ a lot to know that I changed Jayce’s life，’ Trashaun says.”可推知，通过和Jayce的交往，Trashaun了解到自己改变了Jayce，这让他期望(expect)能够帮助更多的孩子，故选A。
19．A.cares B．means
C．saves D．takes
B　解析：结合上题解析可推知，了解到自己改变了Jayce对Trashaun来讲意义(means)重大，故选B。
20．A.attitudes B．words
C．videos D．disabilities
C　解析：根据下文中的“I just thought my friends would see them, and be like, ‘Oh, he dunked it！’”可推知，此处指的是Trashaun之前上传到网上的视频(videos)，故选C。
课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
阅读理解
A
(2020·安徽联盟阶段考试)
When I was three years old, I couldn’t speak. It was a strange reality that none of the doctors I visited could understand.

One day, I was shadowing(尾随) my mother. She found herself looking in a mirror, and through it our eyes met. She began to speak to me through the reflection, and I slowly began to mimic(模仿) her mouth’s movements until I formed a word.
It turned out that I’m deaf in my left ear, and have a slight problem in my right. Being hard of hearing has been difficult, but I’ve never lived in a state of selfhating sorrow. Imagine being able to shut out all sound as you lay your head down to sleep by simply rolling over onto one side. That’s my reality when I sleep on my “good ear”， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.
People call my deaf side my “bad ear”， but when I wear my hearing aid, I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people don’t. In cinemas, for example, with one click of a button I can enjoy a whole film as though it were whispered to me from the mouths of the actors.
Owning a hearing aid hasn’t always felt good, however. On the first day I got my aid, when I was eight, I took it to school for show and tell. As I explained how it worked to my classmates, a boy yelled out, “Aren’t those for old men？” At that moment, I felt different. It took a long time for me to get over that sense of being so unlike my peers.
But it’s not just schoolkids who can make us deaf and hardofhearing people feel like burdens. Every video on social media that lacks subtitles(字幕), for example, means an entire community of deaf people is unable to enjoy it. Completely deaf people are excluded from enjoying many movies too, as subtitles in cinemas are almost impossible to find.
And with hearing aids costing around $2，500 each, it can be hard for many people to afford to be able to listen to things that others take for granted. As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversations—I’m lucky. I’m deaf, but I can still hear everything. I’ve been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human. And when it comes to sleeping, I’m even superhuman.
【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了作者积极应对自己听力障碍的励志故事。
1．How does the author view his hearing difficulty?
A．It’s a disaster and causes him a lot of trouble.
B．It gave him a chance to experience something special.
C．It made him feel embarrassed in front of his classmates.
D．It helped him to live in his own world without being interrupted.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据对第三段的整体理解，尤其是最后一句“That’s my reality when I sleep on my ‘good ear’， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.”可推知，听力障碍让作者有了与众不同的体验，与最后一段倒数第二句“I’ve been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human.”呼应，故选B。
2．What can be inferred from the passage about the author?
A．He was born deaf.
B．He is optimistic and helpful.
C．His family and classmates have supported him a lot.
D．The hearing aid brings much convenience to his daily life.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“People call my deaf side my ‘bad ear’， but when I wear my hearing aid, I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people don’t.”和对本段的整体理解可推知，助听器给作者的生活带来了诸多便利，故选D。
3．What is the author’s attitude towards his life?
A．Grateful. B．Anxious.
C．Excited. D．Disappointed.
A　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句“As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversations—I’m lucky.” 和第四句“I’ve been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human.”可推知，作者对自己的生活充满感激之情，故选A。
4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?
A．To give advice on life to disabled people.
B．To show how difficult life is for disabled people.
C．To share his experience of treating a disadvantage with gratitude.
D．To show the convenience a hearing aid could bring.
C　解析：写作意图题。根据对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲述了作者积极应对听力障碍的励志故事，故选C。
B

(2020·辽宁五校联考)In a longsleeved shirt and jeans, Dieudonne Twahirwa looks nothing like the traditional African farmer. The 30yearold owner of Gashora Farm knows what a difference that makes.
“You need more role models，” he said, standing among kneehigh rows of chilli(辣椒) plants. “If you have young farmers, having land and driving to the farm, others may think, ‘Why can’t I do that？’”
Mr. Twahirwa, a university graduate, bought a friend’s tomato farm six years ago for $150. He made $1，500 back in two months. “You have to link farming with entrepreneurship and real numbers，” he said.
Many young Africans are abandoning areas in the countryside, choosing not to work hard and for a long time in the fields—a job made tougher by climate change.
But Twahirwa is one of the growing band of successful farmers working to make agriculture’s image on the continent more attractive. Some 1，000 farmers now produce chillies for him. He is starting a fourth farm of his own, and exports fresh and dried chillies and oil to Britain, the United States, India, and Kenya.
Africa has the world’s youngest population and 65 percent of its uncultivated arable land(耕地后备资源). Yet accessing land and loans is difficult, and African productivity is low with crop yields just 56 percent of the international average.
“Agriculture is mainly associated with suffering and no young person wants to suffer，” said Tamara Kaunda. She believes African agriculture needs a change to get rid of its oldfashioned image of very hard and tiring work with a hoe. “Show young people tractors, green fields, nice irrigation systems and smartphones，” she said.
Getting young people involved in agriculture does not mean they have to work on a farm. For example, in coffee production, the beans go from the farm to the washing station, then to be separated from the husks(外壳)．
【解题导语】　非洲青年Dieudonne Twahirwa从事农业生产，他通过自己的努力，获得了巨大的回报；非洲有世界上最年轻的人群与大量的耕地后备资源，但是由于气候与农业技术的落后，很多年轻人都不愿意从事农业；Dieudonne Twahirwa则为非洲青年树立了榜样。
5．What does “Why can’t I do that？” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Why can’t I drive to the farm?
B．Why can’t they farm?
C．They follow the example of those farmers.
D．They bought a friend’s tomato farm.
C　解析：句意理解题。根据第二段中的“If you have young farmers, having land and driving to the farm, others may think, ‘Why can’t I do that？’”可知，此处表示如果你有年轻的农民，他们有土地，而且开车去农场，其他人可能会想：“为什么我不能那样做？”该句意在表明其他人认为他们可以效仿那些农民的做法。故选C。
6．What makes it harder for farmers to work?
A．Poor land. B．Climate change.
C．Low income. D．Long working hours.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Many young Africans are abandoning areas in the countryside...a job made tougher by climate change.”可知，在非洲，让农民的劳动难度更大的原因是气候变化。故选B。
7．What can we learn about Twahirwa according to paragraph 5?
A．He made a fortune by growing chillies.
B．His chillies are superb in the world.
C．Farmers working for him live a simple life.
D．The locals aren’t willing to buy his chillies.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Some 1，000 farmers now produce chillies for him. He is starting a fourth farm of his own”可推知，Twahirwa通过种植红辣椒赚了很多钱。故选A。
8．When it comes to agriculture in Africa, what do people think about it?
A．Loans are difficult.
B．Most land is uncultivated.
C．Crop yields are rather low.
D．Farming methods are out of date.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第七段中的“African agriculture needs a change to get rid of its oldfashioned image of very hard and tiring work with a hoe”可知，非洲农业需要改变，以摆脱其传统的形象：使用锄头的非常辛苦和累人的工作。由此可知，当谈及非洲的农业时，人们想到的是落后的耕作方法。故选D。A、B、C三项均为非洲农业的实际情况，不是人们对其的看法。
七选五
(2020·沈阳教学质量监测一)Whoever wrote the song “It’s the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues. The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. 1.________. Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.
Don’t force cheer
At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can’t stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response—no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse. 2.________．
Let out sadness
The results of the busdriver study can be explained by researchers, who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. 3.________. We don’t like contradictory behavior.
Respond cautiously
Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution. When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once. 4.________. Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.
5．________
Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall wellbeing. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear. Just make sure you’re balancing them with lighter experiences. And don’t forget to give yourself a break.
A．Relax your mind
B．Enjoy a mix of emotions
C．We tend to deny the important function emotions serve
D．Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life
E．So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects
F．A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience
G．We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了缓解假期忧郁的四种策略。
1．D　解析：承接上文“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid.”可知，负面情绪不是我们应该试图避免的，且与下文中的“Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.”衔接，并结合下文介绍的策略可推知，此处表示负面情绪反而有助于健康、快乐地生活，故选D。
2．E　解析：结合本段小标题Don’t force cheer和对本段的整体理解可推知，强颜欢笑会适得其反，故选E。
3．G　解析：根据上文中的“negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them”和下文中的“We don’t like contradictory behavior.”可推知，此处表示当我们的外表和内心的情感不一致时我们会感觉很糟糕，故选G。
4．F　解析：根据本段小标题Respond cautiously以及空前一句中的“When you respond cautiously”和空后一句“Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.”可推知，F项符合语境，其中的“cautious response”也是提示。
5．B　解析：根据空处所在位置可知，空处是段落小标题；根据对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要讲的是享受混合情绪，故选B。
语法填空
(2020·惠州第二次调研)One habit of those people who are smarter than everyone else is to stay up late. In movies, the creative genius always works late into the midnight hours by candlelight—and perhaps this style 1.____________(root) in fact.
A study 2.____________ experts from the London School of Economics and Political Science found that people who tend to go to bed later have 3.____________(high) IQs. 4.____________ study authors believe the root of why this is lies in our evolution—because nighttime was a more dangerous time, and our ancestors who were to stay up instead of going to sleep 5.____________(need) to be more intelligent. Also, 6.____________(stay) awake into the night was a new idea 7.____________ was attractive to curious minds.
Today, our varying living rhythms may still reflect this. “Perhaps some smart people stay up later because their internal clocks are 8.____________(simple) different，” Dr. Wai says. “Or, perhaps they stay up later because they tend to be alone, and like being up late at night without distractions to think and solve their 9.____________(problem)．” But if you are a night owl, still remember 10.____________(get) your seven to nine hours of sleep.
【解题导语】　研究表明，有熬夜习惯的人有更高的智商。
1．is rooted　解析：考查固定用法。根据语境可知，这种电影的情节可能来源于真实情况。be rooted in sth.“起源于某事物”是固定用法，且此处叙述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，故填is rooted。
2．by　解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处是说一项由专家所作的研究，故填by。
3．higher　解析：考查形容词比较级。根据上下文及空前的“go to bed later”可知，这里是说睡觉更晚的人有更高的智商，故此处用high的比较级higher。
4．The　解析：考查冠词。这里特指上文提到的研究的作者们，故用定冠词The。
5．needed　解析：考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填needed。
6．staying　解析：考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词短语作主语。
7．that/which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a new idea，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
8．simply　解析：考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故用simple的副词形式simply修饰其后的形容词different。
9．problems　解析：考查名词的单复数。根据句意“也许他们熬夜是因为他们倾向于独处，并且喜欢深夜全神贯注地来思考和解决问题”，且problem为可数名词可知，此处应用problem的复数形式，故填problems。
10．to get　解析：考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth.“记得去做某事”为固定用法，故填to get。