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2024届高考英语一轮复习-第三讲 名词和数词课件
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这是一份2024届高考英语一轮复习-第三讲 名词和数词课件，共42页。PPT课件主要包含了humans，seasons，numbers，third，first ，heroes，views，hostess，parents，students 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点一 名词(一)Mr Smith is very busy because he runs several cmpanies①.He wrks seven days① a week and 12 mnths② a year.In his spare time he likes watching ftball matches③.He likes eating tmates④ but he desn't eat vegetables with leaves⑤.He has tw pet hrses⑥ and he ften rides them with his friends n Mr Black's farm⑦ because he thinks the scenery f the farm⑧ is very beautiful.Mr Black is a friend f his⑨，wh raises sme cws and gats.
注释：1．可数名词变复数①以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es；以元音字母加y结尾的名词，加-s。②以-th结尾的名词加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stmach)。④以-结尾加-es 的单词有：英雄(heres)、土豆(ptates)、番茄(tmates)，其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变f或fe为v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的单词，如：屋顶(rf)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥更多的可数名词是直接加-s。
2．名词作定语往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。多为单数名词作定语，但wman，man作定语时，要用复数形式表达复数概念。3．名词的所有格⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-'s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-'。⑧无生命名词，通常用f所有格表示。⑨双重所有格的构成形式为：“名词＋f＋名词所有格”或者“名词＋f＋名词性物主代词”。
(二)T learn mre knwledge①，I have t d lts f hmewrk① every day and have n time① t have fun② r d husewrk①.Last week we had an exam but I didn't perfrm well.Hwever，my teacher said that I had made great prgress②.S this exam is nt a failure③.On the cntrary，it is a success③ in a way.
注释：①不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。②fun，weather，prgress，advice，infrmatin为永久性不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也不能具体化。③抽象名词具体化：•表示情感、情绪的抽象名词强调具体的人或事的时候，可以在前面加不定冠词，如a surprise，a cmfrt 等。•表示“一……”的概念时，常与动词构成词组，名词前常常有形容词。如have a gd time，have a gd knwledge/cmmand f 等。
Ⅰ.名词的数1．名词单数变复数的规则变化
2.名词单数变复数的不规则变化
Ⅱ.名词的所有格1．有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。his father's bss 他爸爸的老板2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加-'s，表示其所有格。tday's paper今天的报纸England's shre英国的海岸the car's design这辆车的设计
3．在某些习惯用语中，也需要加-'s所有格。a stne's thrw近在咫尺keep sb. at arm's length与某人保持距离；不亲近某人be at ne's wits' end黔驴技穷4．如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。Jane and Mary's mther 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Jane's and Mary's mthers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)
5．双重所有格：“a/tw/sme ...＋名词＋f＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“f＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。a friend f her mther's 她妈妈的一个朋友tw phts f hers 她的两张照片
[点对点练习] 单句语法填空1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ___________(ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas，and eventually achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we ______ (human) are.3．(2021·全国甲卷)Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs，but we stpped at the different gates and ___________ (watchtwer) t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their daily rutines.
4．(2020·浙江卷)Later，they learned t wrk with the _______ (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making use f annual flds t irrigate (灌溉) their fields.5．(2020·浙江卷1月)Fr Japan，the _______ (number) are mre striking—22 in 1950，46 tday and 53 in 2050.
考点二 数词Mr Smith is sixty① years ld and yesterday was his 60th② birthday.He still remembers in the 1990s③ when he was in his thirties③，he drank dzens f④ bttles f beer a day.Hwever，he spent thusands f④ dllars in hspital.Later，tw fifths⑤ f his spare time was spent in taking exercise.
注释：①数词的基本形式为基数词。②表示数词的顺序往往用序数词。大部分是在基数词的基础上加-th。以-y结尾的基数词变序数词，把-y变成-ie＋-th。③“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某个世纪几十年代”。“in ne's＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。④具体数字＋dzen/scre/hundred/thusand/millin 等词时，后面直接加名词复数；表示笼统数目时，用dzens/scres/hundreds/thusands/millins f＋名词复数。⑤分数表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母序数词加-s，如：1/3：ne third，2/3：tw thirds。
Ⅰ.基数词和序数词1．表数量的数词叫基数词，如ne，tw，three ．表顺序的数词叫序数词，如first，secnd，third，furth，fifth ...Ⅱ.基数词变序数词的规则1．一二三要单独记：ne→first，tw→secnd，three→third2．th要从四加起：fur→furth，five→fifth ．eight少个t：eight→eighth4．nine删除e：nine→ninth5．ve用f来代替：five→fifth，twelve→twelfth6．ty变成tie：twenty→twentieth
Ⅲ.序数词的使用1．序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。Mnday is the secnd day f a week. 星期一是一周的第二天。2．序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于anther。Wuld yu like a secnd cup f tea? 你还想再来一杯茶吗？I had a third apple.我(吃了两个苹果后)又吃了一个苹果。
3．first，secnd等有时可表示一批人或物。The first milu deer came frm China in the 1860s.最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代从中国引进的。
[点对点练习]1．The Fd and Agricultural Organizatin f the United Natins says abut ne _____ (three) f the fd prduced wrldwide each year is wasted r lst. 2．It was the_______(ne) time that I had been t the Great Wall.
层级一 基础达标练单句语法填空1．(2022·新余高三一模)Viewers said it was nt the film itself that mved peple，but the ______ (her) f the war years wh fught fr ur cuntry and peple，withut cnsidering their wn safety r even lives.2．(2022·通辽新城第一中学模拟预测)China saw ver 10 millin livestreaming marketing activities in the first half f this year，attracting ver 50 billin _____ (view)，the reprt nted.3．(2022·南宁模拟)In additin，the ________ (hstess) cking will guarantee yu a wnderful chance f tasting delicius Chinese fd.
4．(2022·通化冲刺卷)The article cncludes that ________ (parents) educatin affects their children's future.5．(2022·日照市五莲县一中模拟)All __________(student) hmewrk must be crrected n.6．(2022·湖北模拟)In 2013，with the help f tw ther crew members，Wang Yaping delivered the cuntry's first space lecture，making China，fllwing the United States，becme the ______ (tw) cuntry t carry ut a space lecture.7．(2022·玉溪模拟)The elevatr brke dwn and we had t walk up t the _____ (ten) flr.
8．(2022·廊坊市模拟)Each year，________ (hundred) f the animals are killed fr their fur.9．(2022·通化三测卷)I'm a frequent traveller and I eat ut _____ (tw) a day.10．(2022·平度市模拟试题)It has been snwing，rughly every _____ (three) day，fr as lng as I've had the flu.11．(2022·呼和浩特市一模)Accrding t the plan，the high-speed railway will have tw branch _____ (line)—ne is t Yanqing Statin，the ther is t Taizicheng f Chngli，where the Olympic village lies. 12．(2022·江西模拟预测)The paper was used fr sealing up hles in walls and _____ (rf) in the cld and freezing winter.
13．(2022·咸阳二模)February 22 is the day with the ____ (many) “tw” numbers this year. 14．(2022·恩施期中)What's ____ (many)，ht weather may reduce learning in bth the shrt term and lng term.15．(2022·宜宾市第四中学模拟)The better we get int gd eating habits，the _______ (happy) ur life will be.
层级二 语篇提能练(一)微语法填空(用括号内单词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变化)Gardeners cannt always tell hw much rain has fallen. Yur garden area may seem 1.________ (cmplete) wet after a strng，shrt perid f rain. But if yu put yur finger a shrt way int the grund，yu might find very dry sil. Because watering—nt t much and nt t little—is ne f the 2.________ (key) t a successful garden，it helps t get mre 3.________ (infrm) abut rainfall.
As a general rule，plants need abut 25.4 millimeters f water per week fr healthy 4.________ (grw). Yu can easily measure this with a rain gauge (计量器)，which can tell yu hw lng t water t put the desired amunt f water nt the garden. It is best t water mst 5.________ (plant)，like tmates，at their rts and in the mrning，befre the sun has becme ht. Any water that falls 6.________ (direct) n yur plants will dry during the day and yu will nt have the prblem f plant diseases. When yu can，water yur garden slwly s the liquid can g 7.________ (deep) int the sil.
1．cmpletely 考查词性转换。 设空处作状语修饰形容词wet，表“彻底地；完全地”，故填cmpletely。 2．keys 考查名词的数。 空前是ne f the，故空处用复数名词，填keys。 3．infrmatin 考查词性转换。 设空处作get的宾语，故该空用名词，infrmatin “信息”，是不可数名词，故填infrmatin。4．grwth 考查词性转换。 设空处作介词fr的宾语，故此处填名词grwth。5．plants 考查名词的数。空前是mst，故可数名词plant应用复数形式，填plants。 6．directly 考查词性转换。设空处作状语，修饰谓语falls，应用副词，故填directly。7．deeper 考查比较级。 根据语境“慢慢地浇水，这样水可以更深入土壤”可知，此处用比较级，故填deeper。
(二)语法填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)There used t be a legendary (传奇的) family respnsible fr the cnstructin f imperial (皇家的) buildings，1.________ (include) many f China's current UNESCO wrld heritage sites fr ver 200 years. Their family name was Lei， 2.________ (respectful) called “Yangshi Lei”，a term fr the emperr's head architect.The stry f Lei family started in the early days f the Qing Dynasty 3.________ Lei Fada and his relatives frm Nanjing were rdered 4.________ (rebuild) Taihe Palace in the Frbidden City. With his 5.________ (significance) skills，his reputatin began t spread widely. Lei Jinyu，his sn，als made great 6.________ (achieve) like Yuanmingyuan.
Frm 1736 t 1796，the 7.________ (fur) generatin f Lei family designed many buildings frm that time. Until the last architect f the family 8.________ (take) ffice in the 20th century，they had cmpleted famus buildings such as the Temple f Heaven，the Summer Palace，and the Chengde Muntain Resrt.In 2007，UNESCO added “Yangshi Lei” int 9.________ list f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f the Humanity，fr its influence 10.________ Chinese traditinal architecture. The architecture f the family will be shining thrugh the ages.【语篇解读】 本文介绍了传奇的雷氏家族。雷发达是明末清初的一位建筑工匠，曾参与故宫太和殿等工程的重建。其后代继承其业，在工部样房主持宫廷建造工作达200余年，圆明园和颐和园中大部分建筑均为雷氏设计，被誉为“样式雷”。
1．including 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，include在句中充当非谓语，且表主动意义，故填including。2．respectfully 考查词性转换。空处修饰其后的非谓语动词called，作状语，应用副词，故填respectfully。3．when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词“the early days f the Qing Dynasty”，指时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故用关系副词when。4．t rebuild 考查非谓语动词。句意：雷氏家族的故事起源于清朝早期，当时南京的雷发达和他的亲戚被命令去重建紫禁城的太和殿。rder sb.t d sth.“命令某人做某事”，是固定搭配，故填t rebuild。
5．significant 考查词性转换。空处作定语修饰空后的名词skills，应用形容词，故填significant。6．achievements 考查词性转换。空处在句中作宾语，且空前是形容词great，故空处应填名词，make great achievements“取得伟大成就”，故填achievements。7．furth 考查数词。根据语境可知，此处表“第四代”，故填序数词furth。8．tk 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处为时间状语从句中的谓语动词，根据句中的时间状语“in the 20th century”可知，该句应用一般过去时，故填tk。9．the 考查冠词。根据句意及后文的“the Intangible Cultural Heritage f the Humanity”可知，此处表特指，应用定冠词，故填the。10．n 考查介词。ne's influence n ... 意为“……对于……的影响”，为固定搭配，故填n。
层级三 语法写作练1．形容词的名词化表达某些形容词可以用“be f＋抽象名词”来表达。例如：be imprtant＝be f imprtance；be beneficial＝be f benefit; be valuable＝be f value; be helpful＝be f help; be useful＝be f use; be interesting＝be f interest典例 (经典高考题)这里是我关于这次旅游的一些建议，希望会对你有益。Here are sme suggestins abut this trip，which I hpe will be f benefit t yu.运用 (2021·全国甲卷)毫无疑问，故宫提供了一个进入中国木结构建筑的窗口，这有助于外国人更多地了解中国文化。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
There's n dubt that the Palace Museum ffers a windw int Chinese wden architecture，which is f help fr freigners t knw mre abut Chinese culture.
2．副词的名词化表达某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词＋名词”短语表达。例如：angrily＝with anger; anxiusly＝with anxiety; curiusly＝with curisity; cmfrtably＝in cmfrt; peacefully＝in peace; hurriedly＝in a hurry; jyfully＝with jy典例 (2020·浙江卷1月)当Pppy看到小狗时，她欢快地叫了起来。When Pppy saw the small puppy，she barked with jy.运用 (2020·浙江卷7月)我们万分焦急地等待着救援的到来。_______________________________________________
We waited fr being rescued with great anxiety.
3．活用带有比较级的句型(1)the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...典例 (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)我听到的鼓励越多，我就越有劲。The mre encuragement I heard，the mre energetic I felt.运用 (经典高考题)你知道，我们练习得越多，比赛时我们表现得就越好。__________________________________________________________________________
As yu knw，the mre we practice fr it，the better we will perfrm in the match.
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义典例 (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)约翰认为没有什么比帮助别人自力更生更有意义的事情了。Jhn thught nthing was mre meaningful than helping thers earn a living by themselves.运用 (2021·浙江卷6月)我意识到没有什么比把这119美元给我的家人更有意义了。直到我把钱交给爸爸的时候，我才知道了成长的真正意义。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I realized nthing was mre meaningful than cntributing the 119 dllars t my family.Nt
until I handed my dad the mney did I knw the true meaning f grwing up.
考点一 名词(一)Mr Smith is very busy because he runs several cmpanies①.He wrks seven days① a week and 12 mnths② a year.In his spare time he likes watching ftball matches③.He likes eating tmates④ but he desn't eat vegetables with leaves⑤.He has tw pet hrses⑥ and he ften rides them with his friends n Mr Black's farm⑦ because he thinks the scenery f the farm⑧ is very beautiful.Mr Black is a friend f his⑨，wh raises sme cws and gats.
注释：1．可数名词变复数①以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es；以元音字母加y结尾的名词，加-s。②以-th结尾的名词加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stmach)。④以-结尾加-es 的单词有：英雄(heres)、土豆(ptates)、番茄(tmates)，其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变f或fe为v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的单词，如：屋顶(rf)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥更多的可数名词是直接加-s。
2．名词作定语往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。多为单数名词作定语，但wman，man作定语时，要用复数形式表达复数概念。3．名词的所有格⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-'s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-'。⑧无生命名词，通常用f所有格表示。⑨双重所有格的构成形式为：“名词＋f＋名词所有格”或者“名词＋f＋名词性物主代词”。
(二)T learn mre knwledge①，I have t d lts f hmewrk① every day and have n time① t have fun② r d husewrk①.Last week we had an exam but I didn't perfrm well.Hwever，my teacher said that I had made great prgress②.S this exam is nt a failure③.On the cntrary，it is a success③ in a way.
注释：①不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。②fun，weather，prgress，advice，infrmatin为永久性不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也不能具体化。③抽象名词具体化：•表示情感、情绪的抽象名词强调具体的人或事的时候，可以在前面加不定冠词，如a surprise，a cmfrt 等。•表示“一……”的概念时，常与动词构成词组，名词前常常有形容词。如have a gd time，have a gd knwledge/cmmand f 等。
Ⅰ.名词的数1．名词单数变复数的规则变化
2.名词单数变复数的不规则变化
Ⅱ.名词的所有格1．有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。his father's bss 他爸爸的老板2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加-'s，表示其所有格。tday's paper今天的报纸England's shre英国的海岸the car's design这辆车的设计
3．在某些习惯用语中，也需要加-'s所有格。a stne's thrw近在咫尺keep sb. at arm's length与某人保持距离；不亲近某人be at ne's wits' end黔驴技穷4．如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。Jane and Mary's mther 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Jane's and Mary's mthers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)
5．双重所有格：“a/tw/sme ...＋名词＋f＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“f＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。a friend f her mther's 她妈妈的一个朋友tw phts f hers 她的两张照片
[点对点练习] 单句语法填空1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ___________(ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas，and eventually achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we ______ (human) are.3．(2021·全国甲卷)Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs，but we stpped at the different gates and ___________ (watchtwer) t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their daily rutines.
4．(2020·浙江卷)Later，they learned t wrk with the _______ (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making use f annual flds t irrigate (灌溉) their fields.5．(2020·浙江卷1月)Fr Japan，the _______ (number) are mre striking—22 in 1950，46 tday and 53 in 2050.
考点二 数词Mr Smith is sixty① years ld and yesterday was his 60th② birthday.He still remembers in the 1990s③ when he was in his thirties③，he drank dzens f④ bttles f beer a day.Hwever，he spent thusands f④ dllars in hspital.Later，tw fifths⑤ f his spare time was spent in taking exercise.
注释：①数词的基本形式为基数词。②表示数词的顺序往往用序数词。大部分是在基数词的基础上加-th。以-y结尾的基数词变序数词，把-y变成-ie＋-th。③“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某个世纪几十年代”。“in ne's＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。④具体数字＋dzen/scre/hundred/thusand/millin 等词时，后面直接加名词复数；表示笼统数目时，用dzens/scres/hundreds/thusands/millins f＋名词复数。⑤分数表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母序数词加-s，如：1/3：ne third，2/3：tw thirds。
Ⅰ.基数词和序数词1．表数量的数词叫基数词，如ne，tw，three ．表顺序的数词叫序数词，如first，secnd，third，furth，fifth ...Ⅱ.基数词变序数词的规则1．一二三要单独记：ne→first，tw→secnd，three→third2．th要从四加起：fur→furth，five→fifth ．eight少个t：eight→eighth4．nine删除e：nine→ninth5．ve用f来代替：five→fifth，twelve→twelfth6．ty变成tie：twenty→twentieth
Ⅲ.序数词的使用1．序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。Mnday is the secnd day f a week. 星期一是一周的第二天。2．序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于anther。Wuld yu like a secnd cup f tea? 你还想再来一杯茶吗？I had a third apple.我(吃了两个苹果后)又吃了一个苹果。
3．first，secnd等有时可表示一批人或物。The first milu deer came frm China in the 1860s.最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代从中国引进的。
[点对点练习]1．The Fd and Agricultural Organizatin f the United Natins says abut ne _____ (three) f the fd prduced wrldwide each year is wasted r lst. 2．It was the_______(ne) time that I had been t the Great Wall.
层级一 基础达标练单句语法填空1．(2022·新余高三一模)Viewers said it was nt the film itself that mved peple，but the ______ (her) f the war years wh fught fr ur cuntry and peple，withut cnsidering their wn safety r even lives.2．(2022·通辽新城第一中学模拟预测)China saw ver 10 millin livestreaming marketing activities in the first half f this year，attracting ver 50 billin _____ (view)，the reprt nted.3．(2022·南宁模拟)In additin，the ________ (hstess) cking will guarantee yu a wnderful chance f tasting delicius Chinese fd.
4．(2022·通化冲刺卷)The article cncludes that ________ (parents) educatin affects their children's future.5．(2022·日照市五莲县一中模拟)All __________(student) hmewrk must be crrected n.6．(2022·湖北模拟)In 2013，with the help f tw ther crew members，Wang Yaping delivered the cuntry's first space lecture，making China，fllwing the United States，becme the ______ (tw) cuntry t carry ut a space lecture.7．(2022·玉溪模拟)The elevatr brke dwn and we had t walk up t the _____ (ten) flr.
8．(2022·廊坊市模拟)Each year，________ (hundred) f the animals are killed fr their fur.9．(2022·通化三测卷)I'm a frequent traveller and I eat ut _____ (tw) a day.10．(2022·平度市模拟试题)It has been snwing，rughly every _____ (three) day，fr as lng as I've had the flu.11．(2022·呼和浩特市一模)Accrding t the plan，the high-speed railway will have tw branch _____ (line)—ne is t Yanqing Statin，the ther is t Taizicheng f Chngli，where the Olympic village lies. 12．(2022·江西模拟预测)The paper was used fr sealing up hles in walls and _____ (rf) in the cld and freezing winter.
13．(2022·咸阳二模)February 22 is the day with the ____ (many) “tw” numbers this year. 14．(2022·恩施期中)What's ____ (many)，ht weather may reduce learning in bth the shrt term and lng term.15．(2022·宜宾市第四中学模拟)The better we get int gd eating habits，the _______ (happy) ur life will be.
层级二 语篇提能练(一)微语法填空(用括号内单词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变化)Gardeners cannt always tell hw much rain has fallen. Yur garden area may seem 1.________ (cmplete) wet after a strng，shrt perid f rain. But if yu put yur finger a shrt way int the grund，yu might find very dry sil. Because watering—nt t much and nt t little—is ne f the 2.________ (key) t a successful garden，it helps t get mre 3.________ (infrm) abut rainfall.
As a general rule，plants need abut 25.4 millimeters f water per week fr healthy 4.________ (grw). Yu can easily measure this with a rain gauge (计量器)，which can tell yu hw lng t water t put the desired amunt f water nt the garden. It is best t water mst 5.________ (plant)，like tmates，at their rts and in the mrning，befre the sun has becme ht. Any water that falls 6.________ (direct) n yur plants will dry during the day and yu will nt have the prblem f plant diseases. When yu can，water yur garden slwly s the liquid can g 7.________ (deep) int the sil.
1．cmpletely 考查词性转换。 设空处作状语修饰形容词wet，表“彻底地；完全地”，故填cmpletely。 2．keys 考查名词的数。 空前是ne f the，故空处用复数名词，填keys。 3．infrmatin 考查词性转换。 设空处作get的宾语，故该空用名词，infrmatin “信息”，是不可数名词，故填infrmatin。4．grwth 考查词性转换。 设空处作介词fr的宾语，故此处填名词grwth。5．plants 考查名词的数。空前是mst，故可数名词plant应用复数形式，填plants。 6．directly 考查词性转换。设空处作状语，修饰谓语falls，应用副词，故填directly。7．deeper 考查比较级。 根据语境“慢慢地浇水，这样水可以更深入土壤”可知，此处用比较级，故填deeper。
(二)语法填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)There used t be a legendary (传奇的) family respnsible fr the cnstructin f imperial (皇家的) buildings，1.________ (include) many f China's current UNESCO wrld heritage sites fr ver 200 years. Their family name was Lei， 2.________ (respectful) called “Yangshi Lei”，a term fr the emperr's head architect.The stry f Lei family started in the early days f the Qing Dynasty 3.________ Lei Fada and his relatives frm Nanjing were rdered 4.________ (rebuild) Taihe Palace in the Frbidden City. With his 5.________ (significance) skills，his reputatin began t spread widely. Lei Jinyu，his sn，als made great 6.________ (achieve) like Yuanmingyuan.
Frm 1736 t 1796，the 7.________ (fur) generatin f Lei family designed many buildings frm that time. Until the last architect f the family 8.________ (take) ffice in the 20th century，they had cmpleted famus buildings such as the Temple f Heaven，the Summer Palace，and the Chengde Muntain Resrt.In 2007，UNESCO added “Yangshi Lei” int 9.________ list f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f the Humanity，fr its influence 10.________ Chinese traditinal architecture. The architecture f the family will be shining thrugh the ages.【语篇解读】 本文介绍了传奇的雷氏家族。雷发达是明末清初的一位建筑工匠，曾参与故宫太和殿等工程的重建。其后代继承其业，在工部样房主持宫廷建造工作达200余年，圆明园和颐和园中大部分建筑均为雷氏设计，被誉为“样式雷”。
1．including 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，include在句中充当非谓语，且表主动意义，故填including。2．respectfully 考查词性转换。空处修饰其后的非谓语动词called，作状语，应用副词，故填respectfully。3．when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词“the early days f the Qing Dynasty”，指时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故用关系副词when。4．t rebuild 考查非谓语动词。句意：雷氏家族的故事起源于清朝早期，当时南京的雷发达和他的亲戚被命令去重建紫禁城的太和殿。rder sb.t d sth.“命令某人做某事”，是固定搭配，故填t rebuild。
5．significant 考查词性转换。空处作定语修饰空后的名词skills，应用形容词，故填significant。6．achievements 考查词性转换。空处在句中作宾语，且空前是形容词great，故空处应填名词，make great achievements“取得伟大成就”，故填achievements。7．furth 考查数词。根据语境可知，此处表“第四代”，故填序数词furth。8．tk 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处为时间状语从句中的谓语动词，根据句中的时间状语“in the 20th century”可知，该句应用一般过去时，故填tk。9．the 考查冠词。根据句意及后文的“the Intangible Cultural Heritage f the Humanity”可知，此处表特指，应用定冠词，故填the。10．n 考查介词。ne's influence n ... 意为“……对于……的影响”，为固定搭配，故填n。
层级三 语法写作练1．形容词的名词化表达某些形容词可以用“be f＋抽象名词”来表达。例如：be imprtant＝be f imprtance；be beneficial＝be f benefit; be valuable＝be f value; be helpful＝be f help; be useful＝be f use; be interesting＝be f interest典例 (经典高考题)这里是我关于这次旅游的一些建议，希望会对你有益。Here are sme suggestins abut this trip，which I hpe will be f benefit t yu.运用 (2021·全国甲卷)毫无疑问，故宫提供了一个进入中国木结构建筑的窗口，这有助于外国人更多地了解中国文化。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
There's n dubt that the Palace Museum ffers a windw int Chinese wden architecture，which is f help fr freigners t knw mre abut Chinese culture.
2．副词的名词化表达某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词＋名词”短语表达。例如：angrily＝with anger; anxiusly＝with anxiety; curiusly＝with curisity; cmfrtably＝in cmfrt; peacefully＝in peace; hurriedly＝in a hurry; jyfully＝with jy典例 (2020·浙江卷1月)当Pppy看到小狗时，她欢快地叫了起来。When Pppy saw the small puppy，she barked with jy.运用 (2020·浙江卷7月)我们万分焦急地等待着救援的到来。_______________________________________________
We waited fr being rescued with great anxiety.
3．活用带有比较级的句型(1)the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...典例 (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)我听到的鼓励越多，我就越有劲。The mre encuragement I heard，the mre energetic I felt.运用 (经典高考题)你知道，我们练习得越多，比赛时我们表现得就越好。__________________________________________________________________________
As yu knw，the mre we practice fr it，the better we will perfrm in the match.
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义典例 (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)约翰认为没有什么比帮助别人自力更生更有意义的事情了。Jhn thught nthing was mre meaningful than helping thers earn a living by themselves.运用 (2021·浙江卷6月)我意识到没有什么比把这119美元给我的家人更有意义了。直到我把钱交给爸爸的时候，我才知道了成长的真正意义。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I realized nthing was mre meaningful than cntributing the 119 dllars t my family.Nt
until I handed my dad the mney did I knw the true meaning f grwing up.
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