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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．fault n． 过错，错误
2．handle vt. 处理；应付
3．guidance n. 指导，引导
4．challenge n．& vt. 挑战
5．annoyed adj. 愤怒的，生气的
6．foolish adj. 愚蠢的
7．emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
8．selfish adj. 自私的
9．independence n. 独立
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．behavior n. 行为，举止
2．teenager n. (13－19岁的)青少年
3．scene n. (戏剧的)一场；场面；景色
4．upset adj. 不高兴的，失望的
vt. 使不高兴，使失望
5．deserve vt. 值得；应得；应受
6．hardworking adj. 工作努力的；辛勤的
7．insist vi. 坚持，坚持认为
8．forbid vt. 禁止
9．normal n．& adj. 正常(的)，一般(的)
10．tend vi. 往往；趋向
vt. 照看
11．tolerate vt. 容忍；允许
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．frightened adj.受惊的；害怕的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的，令人害怕的→frighten vt.使惊吓，使害怕
2．starve vi.挨饿；饿死 vt.使挨饿→starvation n．饿死
3．explanation n．解释，说明→explain vt.& vi.解释，说明
4．defend vt.辩解，辩白；防御，保护→defence/defense n．防御，答辩，防护→defensive adj.防卫的，防御的；辩护的
5．argument n．争吵，辩论；论点，论据→argue vt.争吵
6．harm vt.& n．伤害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
7．patience n．耐心→patient adj.耐心的
8．distant adj.不友好的，冷淡的，疏远的；遥远的→distance n．冷淡；遥远
9．confused adj.困惑的，不解的→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confuse vt.使困惑，把……弄糊涂；混淆→confusion n．困惑，糊涂；混淆；混乱，骚乱
10．limit n．限制；极限；界限 vt.限制→limited adj.有限的
11．balance vt.& vi.& n．平衡；抵消→balanced adj.平衡的
1.“害怕，惊恐”同义词
①frightened adj. 害怕的；受惊的
②scared adj. 感到惊恐的
③alarmed adj. 恐慌的
④terrified adj. 害怕的，恐惧的
2.“处理，对付”常见词
①handle ②process
③solve ④do/deal with
⑤treat with ⑥attend to
3.记住“容忍”四兄弟
①tolerate vt. 容忍；允许
②bear vt. 忍受
③stand vt. 忍受
④put up with 忍受，容忍
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．turn_up 调高(音量)；出现
2．can’t_wait_to_do_sth. 迫不及待地做某事
3．be_supposed_to 应当……，应该……
4．do_with 处理，对付
5．be_hard_on 对……苛刻，对……严厉
6．stay_up 不睡觉，熬夜
7．mix_up 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌和
8．as_if 好像，似乎
9．insist_on 坚持，坚持认为
10．at_present 现在
11．along_with 与……一起
12．go_through 经历；仔细检查或寻找
13．keep_up_with 赶上，跟上
14．in_a_mess 杂乱无章，一团糟
15．depend_on 依赖，依靠
16．take_in 吸收；欺骗
17．let_out 放出；泄露
18．be_proud_of 以……为豪
19．now_that 既然；由于
20．instead_of 代替，而不是
21．tend_to_do_sth. 倾向于做某事，易于做某事
1.up短语全接触
①turn up 调高(音量)；出现
②stay up 不睡觉，熬夜
③pick up 捡起；学会
④bring up 抚养；教养
⑤dress up 穿上盛装；打扮
⑥clear up 澄清；放晴
⑦make up 虚构；弥补；组成；化妆；整理
⑧mix up 混淆；搅匀
2.as短语一扫光
①as if/though 好像，似乎
②as to/for 关于，至于
③as usual 照例，照常
④as follows 如下
⑤as a result 结果
⑥as a rule 通常
⑦as a whole 总的来说
⑧as a matter of fact 事实上
3.“v.＋on”短语大集合
①depend on 依赖，依靠
②insist on 坚持
③keep on 继续
④carry on 继续；进行
⑤turn/switch on 打开
⑥count on 依靠
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
Daniel has_his_arms_crossed and looks upset.
丹尼尔双臂抱在胸前，看起来很不高兴。
句型2：as if好像，似乎
Sometimes he acts as_if he doesn’t love us at all.
有时他表现得好像他根本就不爱我们。
句型3：every time引导时间状语从句
Also, every_time I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.
还有，每次我看DVD，他要么催着我上床睡觉，要么教导我要多花些时间学习。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．I know it’s normal(正常的) for such a thing to happen, but we could have avoided it if we’d been more careful.
2．Smoking is harmful to health. It should be forbidden(禁止) in our office.
3．The young man, who had rushed into the fire to save the old man, deserved(值得) rewarding.
4．They tend(趋向) to buy cheap processed foods like canned chicken and hamburger.
5．It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene(现场) to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.
6．Whatever they meet with, hotel staff should handle the guests’ complaint with patience(patient)．
7．Having balanced(balance) advantages and disadvantages, Mr. Smith decided to leave the company and go to the West to try his fortune.
8. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying(annoy) and unnecessary.
9．When hearing the news that Typhoon was coming, many people felt frightened(frighten)．
10．The teacher gave a clear explanation(explain) on the use of the word.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The confusing problem confuses the confused boy who is always confused about such things.(confuse)
2．She was a patient teacher, teaching us pronunciation of every English word with great patience．(patient)
3．Time is limited,_but there is no limit to serving the people.(limit)
4．After seeing the frightening film, the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.(frighten)
5．While I agree that this kind of food is harmless,_it will be harmful to the teenagers if they eat it often.(harm)
6．The most distant way in the world is not the distance across us, but it is when I sit near you, you don’t understand I love you.(distant)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
along with; at present; stay up; can’t wait to; be supposed to; be hard on
I had difficulty in getting along with my parents when I was a teenager. They 1.were_hard_on me and they thought I 2.was_supposed_to be hardworking. Every time I came back from school, they 3.couldn’t_wait_to go through my homework. They insisted that it was foolish of me to 4.stay_up chatting online. 5.At_present,_I, myself, am a teenager’s father. I have realized that my parents and I harmed each other. So I, 6.along_with my wife, am going to treat my son equally and listen to his explanation with patience.
insist on; do with; mix up; tend to; keep up with
This year my mother is in her seventies, and she finds it harder and harder to 7.keep_up_with the development of modern technology. She 8.tends_to forget some emails or get them 9.mixed_up. Luckily, I can help her to 10.do_with them and 11.insist_on her having a happy life.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．事故后不久他就找人把车修理了。
He had_his_car_repaired soon after the accident.
2．那孩子跟我们谈起话来就像个成年人似的。
The child talked to us as_if_he/she_were a grownup.
3．每次他们去跳舞，都会不欢而散。
Every_time_they_went_dancing,_they ended up in a bad mood.
tolerate vt.容忍；忍受
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The government can’t tolerate everyone’s destroying(destroy) cultural relics.
②Instead of blaming the child, she gave him a tolerant(tolerate) smile and let him go.
③When neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance(tolerate)．
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to bear.
(高级表达)When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to tolerate/put_up_with．
(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
(2)tolerance n． 宽容；容忍；忍受
tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
[佳句背诵] ①In some experts’ opinion, living conditions on the Mars are very hard to tolerate.
在一些专家的眼中，火星上的生活条件难以忍受。
②I don’t know how you tolerate that noise!
我不知道你怎么忍受那样的噪音！
scene n．(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Nine people died on the scene and one more person died in hospital in the car crash.
②In the picture, there’s a scene where some lovely children are having a class.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达) On receiving the call, the police rushed to the scene.There a traffic accident happened.
(高级表达)The moment the police received the call, they rushed to the scene，where/in_which_a_traffic_accident_happened．(定语从句)
on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上
behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中
appear/come on the scene 出场；登场
[佳句背诵] The colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene.
棕色的岩石、深绿的松树和傍晚的阳光混合在一起，创造出一种神奇的景色。(2018·浙江卷6月)
[名师点津] scene有“场景；场面；地点”的含义，后接定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，一般用where或in which来引导。
upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.(upset, upset)使不安；使心烦；打翻
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She was upset to_know(know) that her application for the position was refused.
②The other day, all my plans were_upset(upset) by the sudden change of the bad weather.
[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级
(普通表达)You will return to your country soon and that makes me sad.(2019·浙江卷6月)
③(高级表达)You will return to your country soon, which_makes_me_upset. (非限制性定语从句)
④(高级表达)What_upsets_me_is_that you will return to your country soon. (what引导的主语从句)
(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事心烦/难过
be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/
难过
(2)upset oneself about sth. 为某事而烦恼
It upsets sb.to do sth./that...
让某人心烦的是……
[佳句背诵] People sometimes feel very upset about whether they should vote for those who are better or who are more familiar to them.
人们有时会对他们是否应该投票给那些更优秀的人或者他们更熟悉的人感到非常不安。(江苏卷)
defend vt.辩解，辩白；防御，保护
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The wall was built to defend the road from being_washed(wash) away by the sea.
②All the people, men and women, young and old, in the area，were fighting against the flood in defence(defend) of their own homes in the summer of 2018.
[能力提升]——一句多译
有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭某些攻击。
③Some think that students should be trained to_defend_themselves_from/against some attacks.(defend)
④Some think that students should be trained in_defence_of some attacks.(defence)
(1)defend oneself 为自己辩解；自卫
defend...from/against... 保护……免受……
(2)defence/defense n. 防御；防护；保卫
in defence of 保卫，捍卫；为……辩护
[佳句背诵] He has employed one of the U．K.’s top lawyers to defend him.
他请了一位英国的顶尖律师为他辩护。
[名师点津] 与defend...from/against...用法类似的还有：prevent...from...; stop...(from)．..; keep...from...; protect...from/against...等，在被动语态中from都不可省略。
deserve v．应受，值得
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to_be_respected(respect)．
②He deserved to_win(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games because he had made enough preparations for the game.
[能力提升]——一句多译
由于许多野生动物正在逐渐灭绝，目前的形势值得注意。
③With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves_attention．
④With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves_paying_attention_to/to_be_paid_attention_to．
(1)deserve doing＝deserve to be done
值得(被)做
deserve to do sth. 值得做某事；应该做某事
(2)deserve attention/consideration/sympathy/respect
值得注意/考虑/同情/尊重
deserve blame/punishment
该受责备/惩罚
[名师点津] deserve doing是用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于deserve to be done，用法相同的还有need, want和require等。
insist vi.坚持；坚持认为
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①My husband and I insisted that our children were(be) old enough to make their beds.
②I wanted to walk to the station, but he insisted on driving(drive) me there.
③Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention to (should)_be_underlined(underline) before class.
[能力提升]——一句多译
妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。
④Mother insisted_on_our_washing the clothes by ourselves.
⑤Mother insisted_that_we_(should)_wash the clothes by ourselves.
(1)insist(坚持说/认为)that...，从句用陈述语气
(2)insist(坚决要求/主张)that sb.(should) do...，
从句用虚拟语气
(3)insist on doing sth.坚持做某事
[佳句背诵] ①She insisted on her own opinion even though she was wrong.
尽管错了，她仍然坚持自己的观点。
②The old couple insisted that their youngest son was innocent. 这对上了年纪的夫妻坚持认为他们的小儿子是无辜的。
harm n．伤害；损害 vt.损害；危害
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①There is no harm in giving gifts to children，but they should not be rewards.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D．损害；危害
[能力提升]——一句多译
众所周知，观看暴力电视节目对孩子们有害。
③As we know, watching violence on TV does_harm_to_children/does_children_harm．(harm n．)
④As we know, watching violence on TV is_harmful_to_children．(harmful adj.)
(1)do/cause harm to sb. 对某人造成伤害
do sb. harm 对某人造成伤害
There is no harm in doing sth.
做某事无害处。
(2)harmful adj. 有害的，造成伤害的
be harmful to... 对……有害
[佳句背诵] At present, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, doing serious harm to life and the environment. 目前，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了极大的危害。
forbid vt.(forbad/forbade, forbidden)禁止；不许
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(重庆卷)In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is_forbidden(forbid), especially if you are a woman.
②a.You can’t smoke here. Regulations forbid smoking(smoke) in this room.
b．The patients are forbidden, even if they have recovered, to_drink(drink) in the hospital.
[能力提升]——一句多译
禁止孩子们过度玩手机是父母的责任。
③It is their parents’ duty to forbid_the_children_to_play mobile phones excessively.
④It is their parents’ duty to forbid_the_children_from_playing mobile phones excessively.
forbid (doing) sth. 禁止 (做) 某事
forbid sb. to do sth.＝forbid sb. from doing sth.
禁止某人做某事
forbid sb.sth. 禁止某人某事
[名师点津] (1)forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb.to do sth.形式。
(2)与forbid用法类似的动词还有：allow, advise, permit等。
[词块助记]
the Forbidden City 紫禁城
normal adj. 正常的；一般的 n．通常标准；一般水平
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①By the end of the century, the average global temperature will be 3.50 ℃ above normal.
②My parents thought it was abnormal(normal) for a boy to be interested in ballet.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③过了几天洪水才退去，生活恢复了正常。
It was several days before the flood water sank and life returned_to_normal．
(1)It’s normal to do sth. 做某事是正常的。
(2)above/below normal 标准以上/下
return/come back to normal 恢复正常/常态
(3)abnormal adj. 反常的
[佳句背诵] It’s normal to feel tired after such a long trip.
这样的长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。
limit vt.限制；限定 n．界限；限度
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①There is a limit to one’s life, but no limit to serving(serve) the people.
②(2019·江苏卷)Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited(limit) resources.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③他的英语水平非常有限以至于不能理解以英语为母语的人说的话。
His English is_so_limited_that he can’t understand what the native speakers say.
(1)limit...to... 把……限制在……内
(2)set a limit to... 对……规定限度
there is a/no limit to...
对……是有限的/无限的
(3)limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 无限的
[佳句背诵] The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so.
文章的长度限制在约400词。 (全国卷Ⅰ)
balance n．天平，秤；平衡 vt.平衡；权衡
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.
②People have learnt the importance of keeping a balanced(balance) diet to satisfy their nutritional needs.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(天津卷)你太努力工作了，你最好使工作和放松保持平衡。
You are working too hard. You’d better keep_a_balance_between_work_and_relaxation．
④(湖北卷)男孩追他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。
When he was running after his brother, the boy lost_his_balance and had a bad fall.
(1)balance A against B 权衡/比较A和B
balance A with B 使A和B平衡
(2)keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡
break the balance 打破平衡
(3)balanced adj. 均衡的
[语段背诵]
We should try our best to keep the balance between our development and environment protection. Sometimes, overdevelopment can break the balance of ecology. Once nature loses the balance, it will bring us many disasters.
be supposed to 应当；理应
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(辽宁卷)What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You’re supposed to_be(be) asleep.
b．(陕西卷)The message is very important, so it is supposed to_be_sent(send) as soon as possible.
②Supposing/Suppose(suppose) that there was an earthquake, what would be the right way to escape?
[能力提升]——完成句子
③政府应该采取有效措施保护环境，环境已经大大地影响了人们的日常生活。
The government is_supposed_to_take_effective_measures_to_protect the environment, which has greatly affected people’s daily life.
(1)be supposed to do sth. 应该/理应做某事
(2)suppose＋sb.＋(to be) adj./n.
认为某人……
suppose/supposing (that)．.. 假定/假如/
如果……
[佳句背诵] Chopsticks are used to nip, pick, rip and stir food, which are supposed to be a very important invention and reflect the wisdom of ancient Chinese people.
筷子被用来夹、挑、扯和搅拌食物，它被认为是一项重要的发明， 反映了古代中国人的智慧。
now that 既然；由于
[能力提升]——完成句子
①由于我的儿子们正变得更加独立，我有更多属于自己的时间了。
Now_that_my_sons_are_becoming_more_independent,_I have more time for myself.
②你既然有了自己的工作，就应该学习独立于父母之外了。
Now_that_you_have_got_a_job,_ you should learn to be independent of your parents.
now that相当于since，是连词词组，用来引导原因状语从句。
[佳句背诵] Now that you have decided to do it，you should do it well.
既然你已经决定去做，那么你就应该把它做好。
stay up 不睡觉，熬夜
[能力提升]——完成句子
①喂！瞧瞧你这苍白的脸，你昨天晚上一定熬夜了。
Hey, looking at your pale face，you_must_have_stayed_up_last_night．
②随着金价的上涨，这个国家的经济可能变好。
With_the_price_of_gold_going_up,_this country’s economy is likely to be good.
③他将在下个月底就任民事法庭庭长一职。
He will take_up_his_post as the head of the civil courts at the end of next month.
wake up 醒来
take up 拿起；占用；开始从事
go up 上涨
use up 用完，花光
mix up 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌和
build up 建立，增强
pick up 捡起；偶然学会；收听；(用车)接人
[佳句背诵] With so much homework to do, I will have to stay up late tonight.
有这么多作业要做，今天晚上我得熬夜了。
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
(教材P23)Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset.
丹尼尔双臂抱在胸前，看起来很不高兴。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken(take)．
②a.Uncle Sam won’t have my father and me returning(return) to the farm too late.
b．It was cold, and she had the fire burning(burn) day and night.
③a.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)We students have various activities to_take(take) part in after class.
b．I am going to see my son next week. Do you have anything to_be_taken(take) to your son?
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)You should take the chance to deepen your knowledge of traditional Chinese culture. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
(高级表达)You should take the chance to have_your_knowledge_of_traditional_Chinese_culture_deepened．(have＋宾语＋宾补)
(1)have sth.done使某事完成；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情；让/叫别人做某事
(2)have sb.do sth.让某人做某事
(3)have sb.doing sth.允许某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中)
(4)have sth.to do有某事要做(主语自己做)
have sth.to be done有某事要做(不是主语自己做)
[佳句背诵] If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, have him or her leave a message. 如果我不在时有人来访，让他/她留个口信。(福建卷)
[名师点津] “have＋宾语＋宾补”结构中过去分词与前面的宾语为被动关系，而无to不定式和现在分词与宾语为主动关系。
as if好像，似乎
(教材P35)Sometimes he acts as if he doesn’t love us at all.
有时他表现得好像他根本就不爱我们。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is_going(go) to move in two minutes.
②(江苏卷)More generally, the Internet functions as if it were(be) my memory.
③(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had_done(do) it?
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)She walked here and there on the playground as if she was looking for something.
(高级表达)She walked here and there on the playground as_if_looking_for_something．(省略句)
⑤(普通表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as if he was criticized by the teacher.
(高级表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as_if_criticized_by_the_teacher．(省略句)
(1)as if/though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句。也常位于be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后引导表语从句。
(2)as if/though引导从句，当从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气。其形式如下：
①表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时；
②表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；
③表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might do。
[名师点津] 如果as if/though引导的方式状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式，则省略“从句主语＋be”。
every time 引导时间状语从句
(教材P37)Also, every time I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.
还有，每次我看DVD，他要么催着我上床睡觉，要么教导我要多花些时间学习。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①On arriving(arrive) home, he set out to do his housework.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)But the next time when you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble.删除when
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我第一次在课堂上见到简时，就知道她是一个安静但意志坚定的女孩。
I knew that Jane was a quiet but determined girl the_first_time_I_saw_her_in_class．
④你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。
You are welcome to come back any_time_you_want_to．
(1)every time是名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每当……”，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
(2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有： any time“任何时候”， next time“下次……时”， the last time“最后一次”， the＋序数词＋time“第……次”。
(3)the＋moment/minute/instant/second“一……就……”
(4)on/upon doing sth.“一……就……”
[佳句背诵] “Every/Each time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me. “每次吃甜品时，要喝绿茶。”这是我母亲过去常常告诉我的。(浙江卷)
[名师点津] every/each time, the first time, the last/next time, the moment/minute/instant等引导状语从句时，这些短语后面不需要加when/while。
along with 连同……一起
(教材P38)Along with these physical changes，there come many psychological changes.
与这些生理变化同时而来的，还有很多心理上的变化。
[能力提升]——完成句子
(辽宁卷)除了你很棒的创意之外，你还需要上交一篇报告，解释这个想法是如何产生以及你使用什么材料。
Besides/Along_with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.
along with(＝together with)连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与它前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。类似用法的还有：as well as, with, but，rather than, except等。
[佳句背诵] The problem of pollution arises along with the rapid development of industry.
随着工业的迅速发展，产生了污染问题。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．Parents are supposed to_trust(trust) their children, which is beneficial to their growth.
2．He has won a good reputation as expected, over which many hold the opinion that he deserves(deserve) it in terms of his contribution to the country.
3．To make the most of your time, live every moment as if it were(be) your last.
4．You are fortunate to have had the help and guidance(guide) of such a man.
5．Parents who tend to_sing(sing) to their children may help children’s development of language skills.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．As far as I’m concerned, during the period of exams, we should not stay up too late.
2．His grandmother likes finding fault with others who talk with her on the spot.
3．If you insist on doing so, then we have to work overtime.
4．To cut down PM 2.5 is a tough task.Cities have to consider economic development while dealing with air pollution.
5．Don’t be angry with him. He is going through a very difficult time.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2018·北京卷)They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread.忍受
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)We found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.限制
3．There was a time when I was always upset and easily got angry about some unimportant matters.心烦意乱的
4．He planned to learn Kung Fu in the summer holidays so that he could defend himself against being attacked.保护
5．The happy scene of children playing in the garden disappeared, and it was quiet again.场景；场面
6．Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the importance of a balanced diet to their health.均衡的
维度四 易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．In my opinion, soldiers should always be ready to defend their country and people on any kind of attacks.on→against
2．Lucy had her purse pick in the bus yesterday.pick→picked
3．My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continued my education.continued→(should)_continue
4．Building the Great Wall must have been a challenged project without modern machines.challenged→challenging
5．We are upset of the phenomenon that people turn a blind eye to the old in trouble.of→about/over/by/at
6．He is such a man who is always finding fault about other people.about→with
7．The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if seeing whether he was going in the right direction.seeing→to_see
8．She along with her younger brother were admitted to Beijing University last year.were→was
维度五 完成句子
1．她要买的东西都买了，她高高兴兴地回家了。
With_all_the_things_she_needed_bought,_she went home happily.
2．无论何时她遇到困难，她都找她哥哥帮忙。
Whenever_she_meets_with_difficulties，she turns to her brother for help.
3．运动会本该周二举行，但由于天气恶劣我们不得不推迟。
The sports meeting was_supposed_to_take_place on Tuesday，but we had to postpone it due to the bad weather.
4．我父亲每次来北京， 都要去瞻仰人民英雄纪念碑。
Every_time_my_father_comes_to_Beijing,_he goes to visit the Monument to the People’s Heroes with respect.
5．既然你来了，我们现在就和你一起解决这个问题。
Now_that you have come, we will settle this problem together with you now.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Many of us have much difficulty in 1.handling(handle) the relationship with our parents at present. Sometimes, we may feel that we can’t tolerate our parents any longer and get 2.annoyed(annoy) with them.
Don’t be worried. This problem is very normal among teenagers 3.who are in adolescence. I think our parents deserve our respect. We are supposed 4.to_be(be) patient and have a facetoface talk with them when we don’t agree with them. I insist on our 5.listening(listen) to them because they love us most.
It is true 6.that our parents are hard on us now and forbid us from 7.doing(do) something we want to do. Anyhow, we need to depend on our parents to get some 8.physical(physics) needs and we should be hardworking 9.on our studies now.
Being a parent is very difficult. If we use our 10.wisdom(wise), we can get along well with our parents.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①青春期是我们青少年走向成年的一段时期。
Adolescence is a period when_we_teenagers_grow_to_adults．
②在这段时期，我们除了经历一些生理变化以外，还经历心理的变化。
During this period, we go_through_some_psychological_changes as well as physical_changes．
③例如，我们经常感到孤独，对周围变化中的世界感到困惑。
For example, we often feel lonely and become_confused_with_the_changing_world around us.
④我们可能面临许多困难和挑战。
We may face_a_lot_of_difficulties_and_challenges．
⑤我们渴望独立，希望表现得像成年人。
We desire_independence,_and want to act_like_adults．
⑥我们的父母不能容忍我们认为正常的一些行为。
Our parents can’t tolerate_our_behavior which we think is normal．
⑦烦恼似乎多于收获，我们相信这两者使我们的少年时代变得更加丰富多彩。
It_seems_that pains are more than gains.We believe both of them make_our_teenage_years_more_colourful．
2．升级平淡句
⑧用让步状语从句升级句⑦
Although_it_seems_that_pains_are_more_than_gains，we_believe_both_of_them_make_our_teenage_years_more_colourful.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：besides, but)
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One possible version：
Adolescence is a period when we teenagers grow to adults.During this period，we go through some psychological changes as well as physical changes.For example，we often feel lonely and become confused with the changing world around us.Besides，we may face a lot of difficulties and challenges.We desire independence，and want to act like adults.But our parents can’t tolerate our behavior which we think is normal.
Although it seems that pains are more than gains, we believe both of them make our teenage years more colourful.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
阅读理解
A
(2020·滁州高三模拟)
Growing Pains
The term “adulting” started as a sort of joke—whenever a millennial(千禧一代) would do something ageappropriate, this was an act of “adulting”. Now, though, millennials obviously require training in being an adult.
Rachel Flehinger has cofounded an Adulting School, which includes online courses on simple sewing, conflict resolution and cooking. The cause for such classes is that many millennials haven’t left childhood homes—in America 34 percent of adults aged 18 to 34 still lived with their parents as of 2015, up from 26 percent a decade before.
There’s a good deal of truth to this. If you’re living at home, with Mom and Dad doing their best to spoil(溺爱) you, you’re less likely to know how to do laundry, cook or balance a checkbook. Dependency_breeds_enervation.
But living at home doesn’t necessarily lead to dependency. As of 1940, more than 30 percent of 25 to 29yearolds lived at home with parents or grandparents. They were adulting, even while living at home. Parents expected their kids to do chores, to prepare for life. Instead of blaming living at home, then, we have to blame our style of parenting. The truth is that we’ve simply become lazier as parents.
So what’s the real problem?
We’re more likely to let our kids crash on our couches(长沙发) than tell them to get a job and pay rent. We don’t push our kids to build families of their own, as life expectancy has increased, so has adolescence. Americans aren’t expected to start building a life, particularly middleand upperclass Americans, until they’re nearing their 30s. Then the question is how we can encourage young people to “adult” in noncircumstancedriven fashion.
【解题导语】 千禧一代的孩子接受着父母的宠爱，他们很多人不知道如何洗衣、做饭、管理生活收支，不能独立；所以有必要在他们成人之前培训他们缝纫、解决冲突、烹饪等简单的生活技能。事实上，是父母的养育方式导致孩子不能独立，父母应当让孩子去承担他们的责任。
1．What does the last sentence “Dependency breeds enervation.” in the third paragraph mean?
A．Parents would like to do housework by themselves.
B．Present kids are too lazy to do housework.
C．Dependency makes kids unable to do things.
D．Kids depend on their parents.
C 解析：句意理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，如果你住在家里，爸爸妈妈竭尽全力溺爱你，你就不太可能知道如何洗衣服、做饭或平衡收支。画线句为进一步的总结，据此可推知，画线句意在表达：过度依赖父母会使孩子丧失做事情的能力。故C项正确。
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Millennials would like to be trained in being an adult.
B．Parents are too lazy to do chores.
C．Millennials don’t adult because they still live in their childhood homes.
D．In the 1940s kids were adulting even when they were living at home.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，自20世纪40年代起，有超过30%的25至29岁的人与父母或祖父母一起住在家里；但即使和家人同住，他们也很成熟。故D项正确。
3．Which of the following statements is the main idea of the passage?
A．“Adulting” is hard, but only because parents are too lazy to teach their kids.
B．Millennials should leave home early to adult.
C．Americans aren’t expected to start building a life until they’re nearing their 30s.
D．Adulting schools with online courses are popular.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段尾句“The truth is that we’ve simply become lazier as parents.”并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要论述了由于父母的过分宠爱和懒得教孩子们生活技能，现在许多千禧一代的孩子不能独立，不知道如何洗衣、做饭、管理生活收支等。故A项正确。
4．According to the passage, what will be written about next?
A．The government should put off the age of adulthood.
B．Parents should leave kids in charge of society.
C．Parents should put responsibility on young people.
D．Pushing kids to adult is painful for parents.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据本文最后一句可知，接下来的问题是，我们如何鼓励年轻人以非环境驱动的方式“成年”。据此可推知，下文将介绍家长如何鼓励孩子们承担生活的责任。故C项正确。
B
(2020·蚌埠质检)
Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.
I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.
I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might honour with the title of scientific research.
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only selfdiscipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。
5．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?
A．Wildlife. B．Music.
C．Languages. D．Literature.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。
6．Why can’t the author remember his relatives clearly?
A．He didn’t live with them for long.
B．The family was extremely large.
C．He was fully occupied with observing nature.
D．He was too young when he lived with them.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C。
7．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?
A．Being knowledgeable.
B．Being selfdiscipline.
C．Being full of ambition.
D．Being full of enthusiasm.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。
8．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?
A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.
B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.
C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.
D．He thinks he just reads about other people’s observations.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack.”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的某种必备的素质，故选A。
完形填空
(2020·湖北八市联考)I used to hate running. It seemed too hard, and pushing outside my comfort __1__ was not something I was eager to do.
In fact, I wouldn’t have become a(n) __2__ if it weren’t for my husband Charles. He had been a __3__， competitive runner for many years. After our marriage, he wouldn’t stop talking about how much he __4__ it.
So he picked it up again, and after about a year, I started to join him at the __5__. Just a few weeks later, Charles signed up for a fivekilometer race for both of us. I __6__ about doing it. It was too soon.
But on the race day, there I was.
The gun went off. Thousands of runners __7__．
The first kilometer was tough.I was already breathing __8__ and painfully aware of the group of runners __9__ past me.
After another minute I saw the threekilometer __10__. All I could think of was that I was __11__．
I rounded a corner, and saw both sides of the street __12__ with people watching the race, all cheering the runners on: I __13__ my legs to keep going.
Then I looked up and saw the clock. The __14__ ticking away gave me an incentive(动力). I knew that if I had __15__ finished this race I would have achieved something. So, I __16__up, and kicked it.
I had my arms __17__ higher when I passed through the finish line. A volunteer put a(n) __18__around my neck.
“You did great！I’m so proud of you！” Charles was thrilled that I’d __19__．
“That was amazing！I want to do another race.” I proudly hugged my medal as we started to walk to the postrace festivities. My lungs and my comfort zone both __20__．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者原本不喜欢跑步，但是在丈夫的带动下她也开始跑步，并且坚持完成了5公里的跑步比赛。
1．A.block B．line
C．emotion D．zone
D 解析：根据文章最后一句中的“my comfort zone”可知，答案选D项。
2．A.wife B．coach
C．expert D．runner
D 解析：根据下文可知，作者一开始不喜欢跑步，在丈夫的带动下，最后变成了一名跑步者(runner)。
3．A.serious B．common
C．casual D．sharp
A 解析：根据空后的“competitive runner for many years”并结合语境可知，作者的丈夫以前是一个认真的、有竞争力的跑步者。serious “认真的”。
4．A.hated B．missed
C．admired D．trained
B 解析：根据下文中的“So he picked it up again”可推知，作者的丈夫和她结婚以后，总是不停地说他有多想念(missed)跑步。
5．A.race B．department
C．track D．ceremony
C 解析：根据该句可知，当作者的丈夫重新开始跑步后，作者也加入了他，和他一起跑。track “跑道”。
6．A.hesitated B．puzzled
C．cared D．brought
A 解析：根据上文可知，作者以前并不喜欢跑步，当作者的丈夫让她一起报名参加五公里跑步比赛的时候，作者有些犹豫(hesitated)。
7．A.slipped away B．backed off
C．pushed forward D．came over
C 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，当发令枪一响，数千名跑步者冲了出去(pushed forward)。
8．A.mildly B．shallowly
C．gently D．heavily
D 解析：根据空前一句“The first kilometer was tough.”可推知，当跑了一公里的时候，作者已经呼吸沉重了。heavily “沉重地”。
9．A.running B．bending
C．reaching D．pacing
A 解析：根据语境可知，由于呼吸困难，作者跑步的速度渐渐地慢了下来，于是有很多人跑着超过了作者。
10．A.symbol B．mark
C．pattern D．campaign
B 解析：根据该句“After another minute I saw the threekilometer ______．”可知，此处表示作者看见了三公里的标志牌。mark “标记”。
11．A.hopeful B．speechless
C．dying D．moving
C 解析：根据上文可知，作者跑了一公里便呼吸沉重，并结合语境可知，当作者看见了三公里的标志牌时，认为自己要死(dying)了一样。
12．A.stuck B．crowded
C．provided D．directed
B 解析：街道的两边挤满(crowded)了观看比赛的人，他们都在为选手加油。
13．A.sunk B．bent
C．shook D．willed
D 解析：在听到周围人的鼓舞之后，作者设法用意志力驱使自己的双腿移动。will “设法用意志力驱使”。
14．A.seconds B．titles
C．criteria D．competitors
A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者觉得每一秒走过的时间都在给她加油助力。
15．A.also B．actually
C．just D．unfortunately
B 解析：作者知道如果她的确(actually)完成了比赛，那么她已经完成了一些事。
16．A.dressed B．came
C．stayed D．straightened
D 解析：根据空前一句“I knew that...achieved something.”可推知，作者挺直身子，继续坚持完成比赛。straighten up “挺直身子”。
17．A.kept B．crossed
C．held D．tied
C 解析：当作者冲过终点线的时候，她把自己的手举得更高。hold “使保持(在某位置)”。
18．A.rope B．medal
C．necklace D．award
B 解析：根据下文中的“I proudly hugged my medal”可知，此处表示一个志愿者给作者带上奖牌。
19．A.got it B．meant it
C．made it D．defeated it
C 解析：根据上文可知，作者最终完成了对她来说看似不可能完成的事情，跑完了五公里。make it “获得成功”。
20．A.trembled B．expanded
C．ached D．erupted
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者在这次成功跑完了五公里之后，她感觉自己的肺和舒适区都得到了扩展。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
阅读理解
A
(2020·安庆模拟)
The boy sat on his chair, with his hands above the keyboard. He thought about what to write.
He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away. But he still had not even started on his piece. He looked at the brochure again. “WRITING COMPETITION！” the title read. His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.
As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was. Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.
Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an original and imaginative story.
The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves. Words were coming easily, flowing through him, faster than he could type. He typed faster than he ever had before. He continued to type, amazed how easy writing this story was. The boy could not stop writing. He looked at the word count and saw the number “248” staring right back at him. He was not even halfway yet.
Then he heard his mother’s call of saying time for bed. He continued writing the piece, ignoring her. He had to make up for the time he had lost in thinking about a topic to write.
Finally, he finished. The word count now read “498”．
“Perfect，” he thought, “just under the word limit.” He knew this was the story that would win.
He went to the website and searched for the competition. He found the page but there was no “Enter” button.
Confused, he then reread the page again. It read COMPETITION CLOSED.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。小男孩坐在电脑前，冥思苦想地进行写作。他参加的是一个网络写作比赛，可是怎么也想不出写作主题。好一会儿后，他茅塞顿开，快速敲击键盘，可是等到他写好文章准备提交时，页面上却显示“COMPETITION CLOSED”。
1．What caused the boy to take part in the writing competition?
A．A new computer. B．The prize money.
C．His own interest. D．His mom’s encouragement.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.”可知，他的妈妈鼓励他参加写作比赛，现在他把写作作为假期的个人任务；据此可知，他参加写作比赛是他妈妈鼓励的，故D项正确。
2．How did the boy finish his earlier writing?
A．His mom helped him.
B．He copied others’ ideas.
C．His friends assisted him.
D．He used his imagination.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories.”可知，他之前写的每一个故事都是以其他故事为基础；据此可知，以前写作时，他总是仿照别人的故事写，故B项正确。
3．Why did the boy delay his writing?
A．Because he was terribly lazy.
B．Because he didn’t know what to write.
C．Because he wasn’t confident.
D．Because he read too many stories.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He thought about what to write.”及第三段的内容“As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was...He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.”及倒数第五段尾句“He had to...write.”可知，想象力是写作的关键，而他又缺乏想象力；另外，由于他不知道写什么，所以他延误了写作时间，故B项正确。
4．Which might be the maximum word limit for each entry?
A．100. B．250.
C．500. D．1，000.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第七段“Finally, he finished. The word count now read ‘498’．”可知，他写了498个词，终于完成了；结合第八段第一句“‘Perfect，’ he thought，‘just under the word limit.’”可知，他认为太完美了，刚好低于限定的词数；据此可以判断，文章的最高限定词数可能为500，故C项正确。
B
(2020·亳州联考)
At a farm off Narrow Lane near Lexington, Kentucky, U．S., oldfashioned houses look over the little red barn(畜舍)．The farm is mostly empty now.Jim Mahan and his family, who lived there for generations, have moved to a different plot of land in northern Fayette County.As land is sold, houses go up where there once were fields.
But during the summer, the barn is filled with city kids who have come to enjoy the farm. They’re members of the Fayette County Livestock(FCL) Club, which showcases skills as varied as cutting wool. The barn is where they look after the animals. “A lot of Lexington kids don’t know anything about farm life，” said Adria Meier, 17, who has looked after goats and sheep for three years. “There is so much to learn.”
The dozen or so children who take care of their goats and sheep at the little red barn must do a sixhour class before they get an animal. They pay for their own animals but get special club programs, such as one that provides vet(兽医) care.
Mahan lets the group use the barn for free, and the kids spend up to three hours a day there during the summer.But as his land gets sold, he doesn’t know whether the club can continue. What makes the FCL Club special is that most of the kids can’t just walk out their doors and take care of their animals. Most are driven to the barn by their mothers, who usually hang around and chat as their kids feed and exercise the animals.
There are valuable lessons learned along the way. For instance, don’t cut wool off your goat when there is wind, and sheep are social animals and will cry loudly when separated. “Tending to animals helps teach us responsibility. Unlike learning to shoot an arrow, caring for an animal isn’t something you can simply abandon，” said Carly Playforth, 16, of Lexington.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文， 主要讲述了一群城里的孩子来到乡间农场体验不同的生活，照顾农场动物的故事。
5．What is the requirement for kids before they get animals?
A．Attend a class.
B．Pay certain money.
C．Have varied skills.
D．Get special club programs.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“must do a sixhour class before they get an animal”可知，得到动物之前，孩子们必须上一节六小时的课程，这个课程可能是培训孩子们如何照顾动物的。
6．What do we know about the club?
A．It offers services unconditionally.
B．It pays for their use of the barn.
C．It lets Mothers care for animals.
D．It allows Mothers to push kids.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Most are driven to the barn by their mothers”可推知，该俱乐部让孩子的妈妈督促孩子参与农场活动，故选D项。
7．How does Carly Playforth feel about the experience?
A．Suspicious. B．Moved.
C．Appreciative. D．Opposed.
C 解析：观点态度题。最后一段首句是段落主旨句，作者引用Carly Playforth的话是为了进一步说明因照顾动物而教会孩子们的珍贵东西，比如责任。由此可知， Carly Playforth对这种经历是赞赏的(appreciative)。
8．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Kids’ life on a sold farm.
B．Valuable lessons learned on the farm.
C．A special club intended for Lexington kids.
D．A club activity of caring for farm animals.
D 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文重点介绍的是FCL俱乐部借助一个农场举办的活动——让孩子们亲自照顾动物，在这一过程中，孩子们获益匪浅。故D项概括最为全面。
七选五
(2020·重庆七校联考)It is known to us all that thinking is a good thing. However, some people don’t do it enough, while some people overthink everything. If you’re an overthinker, it can be exhausting running through all the possibilities of everything. It’s not good that the whatifs run your life and you are trapped. 1.________
Here are some signs that you are an overthinker, even if you don’t feel you are.
·2.________
Why didn’t the girl look at me？And why did Peter look away so fast？What does it all mean？！When you’re an overthinker, you tend to find meaning in the world around you. It’s helpful to remind yourself that things mean the meaning you give them.
·You think more than you do.
Sometimes you think so much that you don’t end up doing anything. You weigh the choices, decide which is the best, and compare it with a new choice. You end up doing nothing. 3.________
·You find it difficult to let things go.
When you’ve invested a lot of time and energy into something, it can be hard to let it go when it isn’t working. 4.________ The more you think about something, the more it can eat away at you.
·You want to get everything right.
You might be a perfectionist. You always do your best. But when you don’t get everything right, you seriously blame yourself. By recognizing that this can be a strength as well as a weakness, you should know that you simply can’t get everything right, despite your best efforts.
5．________ Remind yourself that you can balance your level of overthinking with more doing. You can even teach someone else who is thoughtless!
A．You may continue thinking about it even when you believe you have already let it go.
B．You assume that others know what you’re thinking about.
C．Remember that, instead of just thinking, it’s equally important to act.
D．You’re proud of the act that you’re always thinking.
E．You look for meaning in everything.
F．It’s even worse when you’re unaware that you are just like this.
G．Can any of the above signs be found on you?
【解题导语】 本文主要对过度思虑的一些迹象进行了简要的说明。
1．F 解析：根据上文中的“It’s not good that the whatifs run your life and you are trapped.”可知，空处应是说明更深一层的坏处，所以选F项。
2．E 解析：根据文章结构及空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段的小标题，且根据本段的内容及关键词“meaning”可知，E项能概括本段内容。
3．C 解析：根据本段的小标题You think more than you do.及空处前一句可推知，空处是作者针对该段描述的现象所给出的建议。故C项符合语境。
4．A 解析：根据本段的小标题You find it difficult to let things go.及空后一句“The more you think about something, the more it can eat away at you.”可推知，A项符合语境。
5．G 解析：根据上文“Here are some signs that you are an overthinker, even if you don’t feel you are.”可知，G项与之呼应，符合语境。
语法填空
(2020·武汉调研)World Sleep Day falls on March 16. This year’s theme concerns sleep and women.
More women suffer from insomnia(失眠) than men, but only 4 percent of them go to a doctor to get help. A Beijing newspaper 1.____________(report) it recently. A study by 2.____________ international organization in the paper said that women 3.____________(age) 30 to 60 sleep six hours and 41 minutes a day 4.____________ average.
Young people have also been shown to suffer from a lack of sleep. Statistics from a Chinese medical research center show that in 5.____________(city) like Beijing and Shanghai, 40 percent of young people suffer from insomnia, and 80 percent suffer from great tiredness due to poor quality sleep.
Experts blame heavy 6.____________(press) and competition at work for poor 7.____________(sleep) habits. The longterm effects can be unhappiness, anxiety and depression, 8.____________ can in turn lead to chronic illnesses(慢性病), 9.____________(especial) in women.
There are, however, a couple of tricks for getting a good sleep, such as maintaining an optimistic attitude, keeping a regular, 10.____________(day) routine, or finding time for sports. Also, you can develop healthy habits, such as keeping the bedroom clean and avoiding tea, coffee, or wine before sleeping.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。今年世界睡眠日关注的是女性的睡眠问题。调查发现，许多女性睡眠不足，年轻人也是如此。文章介绍了导致睡眠不足的原因及其解决方法。
1．reported 解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“recently”，再结合上文可知，上述结果是北京的一家报纸报道过的，表示已经发生过的事情，故用一般过去时。
2．an 解析：考查不定冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一个国际组织”，且international的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
3．aged 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，空处作名词“women”的后置定语，应用age的过去分词形式aged，表示“年龄介于30到60岁之间的女性”。
4．on 解析：考查固定搭配。on average为固定搭配，意为“平均”。句意：在该报纸中一项由一个国际组织进行的研究表明，30到60岁的女性平均每天睡6小时41分钟。
5．cities 解析：考查名词单复数。根据该句中的“like Beijing and Shanghai”可知，该处指“像北京、上海那样的城市”，为复数意义，故填cities。
6．pressure 解析：考查名词。根据该句中“and competition”，再结合空前的形容词“heavy”可知，该形容词修饰两个并列的名词，故填press的名词形式pressure，表示“压力”。
7．sleeping 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词habits，表示“睡眠习惯”，故填形容词sleeping。
8．which 解析：考查关系词。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中作主语，指代前面的“unhappiness, anxiety and depression”，故填关系代词which引导该定语从句。
9．especially 解析：考查副词。空处修饰短语“in women”，故用副词形式。
10．daily 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词“routine”，表示“日常生活”，故填day的形容词形式daily。
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．fault n． 过错，错误
2．handle vt. 处理；应付
3．guidance n. 指导，引导
4．challenge n．& vt. 挑战
5．annoyed adj. 愤怒的，生气的
6．foolish adj. 愚蠢的
7．emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
8．selfish adj. 自私的
9．independence n. 独立
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．behavior n. 行为，举止
2．teenager n. (13－19岁的)青少年
3．scene n. (戏剧的)一场；场面；景色
4．upset adj. 不高兴的，失望的
vt. 使不高兴，使失望
5．deserve vt. 值得；应得；应受
6．hardworking adj. 工作努力的；辛勤的
7．insist vi. 坚持，坚持认为
8．forbid vt. 禁止
9．normal n．& adj. 正常(的)，一般(的)
10．tend vi. 往往；趋向
vt. 照看
11．tolerate vt. 容忍；允许
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．frightened adj.受惊的；害怕的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的，令人害怕的→frighten vt.使惊吓，使害怕
2．starve vi.挨饿；饿死 vt.使挨饿→starvation n．饿死
3．explanation n．解释，说明→explain vt.& vi.解释，说明
4．defend vt.辩解，辩白；防御，保护→defence/defense n．防御，答辩，防护→defensive adj.防卫的，防御的；辩护的
5．argument n．争吵，辩论；论点，论据→argue vt.争吵
6．harm vt.& n．伤害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
7．patience n．耐心→patient adj.耐心的
8．distant adj.不友好的，冷淡的，疏远的；遥远的→distance n．冷淡；遥远
9．confused adj.困惑的，不解的→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confuse vt.使困惑，把……弄糊涂；混淆→confusion n．困惑，糊涂；混淆；混乱，骚乱
10．limit n．限制；极限；界限 vt.限制→limited adj.有限的
11．balance vt.& vi.& n．平衡；抵消→balanced adj.平衡的
1.“害怕，惊恐”同义词
①frightened adj. 害怕的；受惊的
②scared adj. 感到惊恐的
③alarmed adj. 恐慌的
④terrified adj. 害怕的，恐惧的
2.“处理，对付”常见词
①handle ②process
③solve ④do/deal with
⑤treat with ⑥attend to
3.记住“容忍”四兄弟
①tolerate vt. 容忍；允许
②bear vt. 忍受
③stand vt. 忍受
④put up with 忍受，容忍
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．turn_up 调高(音量)；出现
2．can’t_wait_to_do_sth. 迫不及待地做某事
3．be_supposed_to 应当……，应该……
4．do_with 处理，对付
5．be_hard_on 对……苛刻，对……严厉
6．stay_up 不睡觉，熬夜
7．mix_up 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌和
8．as_if 好像，似乎
9．insist_on 坚持，坚持认为
10．at_present 现在
11．along_with 与……一起
12．go_through 经历；仔细检查或寻找
13．keep_up_with 赶上，跟上
14．in_a_mess 杂乱无章，一团糟
15．depend_on 依赖，依靠
16．take_in 吸收；欺骗
17．let_out 放出；泄露
18．be_proud_of 以……为豪
19．now_that 既然；由于
20．instead_of 代替，而不是
21．tend_to_do_sth. 倾向于做某事，易于做某事
1.up短语全接触
①turn up 调高(音量)；出现
②stay up 不睡觉，熬夜
③pick up 捡起；学会
④bring up 抚养；教养
⑤dress up 穿上盛装；打扮
⑥clear up 澄清；放晴
⑦make up 虚构；弥补；组成；化妆；整理
⑧mix up 混淆；搅匀
2.as短语一扫光
①as if/though 好像，似乎
②as to/for 关于，至于
③as usual 照例，照常
④as follows 如下
⑤as a result 结果
⑥as a rule 通常
⑦as a whole 总的来说
⑧as a matter of fact 事实上
3.“v.＋on”短语大集合
①depend on 依赖，依靠
②insist on 坚持
③keep on 继续
④carry on 继续；进行
⑤turn/switch on 打开
⑥count on 依靠
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
Daniel has_his_arms_crossed and looks upset.
丹尼尔双臂抱在胸前，看起来很不高兴。
句型2：as if好像，似乎
Sometimes he acts as_if he doesn’t love us at all.
有时他表现得好像他根本就不爱我们。
句型3：every time引导时间状语从句
Also, every_time I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.
还有，每次我看DVD，他要么催着我上床睡觉，要么教导我要多花些时间学习。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．I know it’s normal(正常的) for such a thing to happen, but we could have avoided it if we’d been more careful.
2．Smoking is harmful to health. It should be forbidden(禁止) in our office.
3．The young man, who had rushed into the fire to save the old man, deserved(值得) rewarding.
4．They tend(趋向) to buy cheap processed foods like canned chicken and hamburger.
5．It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene(现场) to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.
6．Whatever they meet with, hotel staff should handle the guests’ complaint with patience(patient)．
7．Having balanced(balance) advantages and disadvantages, Mr. Smith decided to leave the company and go to the West to try his fortune.
8. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying(annoy) and unnecessary.
9．When hearing the news that Typhoon was coming, many people felt frightened(frighten)．
10．The teacher gave a clear explanation(explain) on the use of the word.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The confusing problem confuses the confused boy who is always confused about such things.(confuse)
2．She was a patient teacher, teaching us pronunciation of every English word with great patience．(patient)
3．Time is limited,_but there is no limit to serving the people.(limit)
4．After seeing the frightening film, the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.(frighten)
5．While I agree that this kind of food is harmless,_it will be harmful to the teenagers if they eat it often.(harm)
6．The most distant way in the world is not the distance across us, but it is when I sit near you, you don’t understand I love you.(distant)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
along with; at present; stay up; can’t wait to; be supposed to; be hard on
I had difficulty in getting along with my parents when I was a teenager. They 1.were_hard_on me and they thought I 2.was_supposed_to be hardworking. Every time I came back from school, they 3.couldn’t_wait_to go through my homework. They insisted that it was foolish of me to 4.stay_up chatting online. 5.At_present,_I, myself, am a teenager’s father. I have realized that my parents and I harmed each other. So I, 6.along_with my wife, am going to treat my son equally and listen to his explanation with patience.
insist on; do with; mix up; tend to; keep up with
This year my mother is in her seventies, and she finds it harder and harder to 7.keep_up_with the development of modern technology. She 8.tends_to forget some emails or get them 9.mixed_up. Luckily, I can help her to 10.do_with them and 11.insist_on her having a happy life.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．事故后不久他就找人把车修理了。
He had_his_car_repaired soon after the accident.
2．那孩子跟我们谈起话来就像个成年人似的。
The child talked to us as_if_he/she_were a grownup.
3．每次他们去跳舞，都会不欢而散。
Every_time_they_went_dancing,_they ended up in a bad mood.
tolerate vt.容忍；忍受
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The government can’t tolerate everyone’s destroying(destroy) cultural relics.
②Instead of blaming the child, she gave him a tolerant(tolerate) smile and let him go.
③When neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance(tolerate)．
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to bear.
(高级表达)When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to tolerate/put_up_with．
(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
(2)tolerance n． 宽容；容忍；忍受
tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
[佳句背诵] ①In some experts’ opinion, living conditions on the Mars are very hard to tolerate.
在一些专家的眼中，火星上的生活条件难以忍受。
②I don’t know how you tolerate that noise!
我不知道你怎么忍受那样的噪音！
scene n．(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Nine people died on the scene and one more person died in hospital in the car crash.
②In the picture, there’s a scene where some lovely children are having a class.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达) On receiving the call, the police rushed to the scene.There a traffic accident happened.
(高级表达)The moment the police received the call, they rushed to the scene，where/in_which_a_traffic_accident_happened．(定语从句)
on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上
behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中
appear/come on the scene 出场；登场
[佳句背诵] The colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene.
棕色的岩石、深绿的松树和傍晚的阳光混合在一起，创造出一种神奇的景色。(2018·浙江卷6月)
[名师点津] scene有“场景；场面；地点”的含义，后接定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，一般用where或in which来引导。
upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.(upset, upset)使不安；使心烦；打翻
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She was upset to_know(know) that her application for the position was refused.
②The other day, all my plans were_upset(upset) by the sudden change of the bad weather.
[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级
(普通表达)You will return to your country soon and that makes me sad.(2019·浙江卷6月)
③(高级表达)You will return to your country soon, which_makes_me_upset. (非限制性定语从句)
④(高级表达)What_upsets_me_is_that you will return to your country soon. (what引导的主语从句)
(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事心烦/难过
be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/
难过
(2)upset oneself about sth. 为某事而烦恼
It upsets sb.to do sth./that...
让某人心烦的是……
[佳句背诵] People sometimes feel very upset about whether they should vote for those who are better or who are more familiar to them.
人们有时会对他们是否应该投票给那些更优秀的人或者他们更熟悉的人感到非常不安。(江苏卷)
defend vt.辩解，辩白；防御，保护
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The wall was built to defend the road from being_washed(wash) away by the sea.
②All the people, men and women, young and old, in the area，were fighting against the flood in defence(defend) of their own homes in the summer of 2018.
[能力提升]——一句多译
有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭某些攻击。
③Some think that students should be trained to_defend_themselves_from/against some attacks.(defend)
④Some think that students should be trained in_defence_of some attacks.(defence)
(1)defend oneself 为自己辩解；自卫
defend...from/against... 保护……免受……
(2)defence/defense n. 防御；防护；保卫
in defence of 保卫，捍卫；为……辩护
[佳句背诵] He has employed one of the U．K.’s top lawyers to defend him.
他请了一位英国的顶尖律师为他辩护。
[名师点津] 与defend...from/against...用法类似的还有：prevent...from...; stop...(from)．..; keep...from...; protect...from/against...等，在被动语态中from都不可省略。
deserve v．应受，值得
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to_be_respected(respect)．
②He deserved to_win(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games because he had made enough preparations for the game.
[能力提升]——一句多译
由于许多野生动物正在逐渐灭绝，目前的形势值得注意。
③With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves_attention．
④With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves_paying_attention_to/to_be_paid_attention_to．
(1)deserve doing＝deserve to be done
值得(被)做
deserve to do sth. 值得做某事；应该做某事
(2)deserve attention/consideration/sympathy/respect
值得注意/考虑/同情/尊重
deserve blame/punishment
该受责备/惩罚
[名师点津] deserve doing是用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于deserve to be done，用法相同的还有need, want和require等。
insist vi.坚持；坚持认为
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①My husband and I insisted that our children were(be) old enough to make their beds.
②I wanted to walk to the station, but he insisted on driving(drive) me there.
③Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention to (should)_be_underlined(underline) before class.
[能力提升]——一句多译
妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。
④Mother insisted_on_our_washing the clothes by ourselves.
⑤Mother insisted_that_we_(should)_wash the clothes by ourselves.
(1)insist(坚持说/认为)that...，从句用陈述语气
(2)insist(坚决要求/主张)that sb.(should) do...，
从句用虚拟语气
(3)insist on doing sth.坚持做某事
[佳句背诵] ①She insisted on her own opinion even though she was wrong.
尽管错了，她仍然坚持自己的观点。
②The old couple insisted that their youngest son was innocent. 这对上了年纪的夫妻坚持认为他们的小儿子是无辜的。
harm n．伤害；损害 vt.损害；危害
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①There is no harm in giving gifts to children，but they should not be rewards.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D．损害；危害
[能力提升]——一句多译
众所周知，观看暴力电视节目对孩子们有害。
③As we know, watching violence on TV does_harm_to_children/does_children_harm．(harm n．)
④As we know, watching violence on TV is_harmful_to_children．(harmful adj.)
(1)do/cause harm to sb. 对某人造成伤害
do sb. harm 对某人造成伤害
There is no harm in doing sth.
做某事无害处。
(2)harmful adj. 有害的，造成伤害的
be harmful to... 对……有害
[佳句背诵] At present, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, doing serious harm to life and the environment. 目前，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了极大的危害。
forbid vt.(forbad/forbade, forbidden)禁止；不许
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(重庆卷)In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is_forbidden(forbid), especially if you are a woman.
②a.You can’t smoke here. Regulations forbid smoking(smoke) in this room.
b．The patients are forbidden, even if they have recovered, to_drink(drink) in the hospital.
[能力提升]——一句多译
禁止孩子们过度玩手机是父母的责任。
③It is their parents’ duty to forbid_the_children_to_play mobile phones excessively.
④It is their parents’ duty to forbid_the_children_from_playing mobile phones excessively.
forbid (doing) sth. 禁止 (做) 某事
forbid sb. to do sth.＝forbid sb. from doing sth.
禁止某人做某事
forbid sb.sth. 禁止某人某事
[名师点津] (1)forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb.to do sth.形式。
(2)与forbid用法类似的动词还有：allow, advise, permit等。
[词块助记]
the Forbidden City 紫禁城
normal adj. 正常的；一般的 n．通常标准；一般水平
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①By the end of the century, the average global temperature will be 3.50 ℃ above normal.
②My parents thought it was abnormal(normal) for a boy to be interested in ballet.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③过了几天洪水才退去，生活恢复了正常。
It was several days before the flood water sank and life returned_to_normal．
(1)It’s normal to do sth. 做某事是正常的。
(2)above/below normal 标准以上/下
return/come back to normal 恢复正常/常态
(3)abnormal adj. 反常的
[佳句背诵] It’s normal to feel tired after such a long trip.
这样的长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。
limit vt.限制；限定 n．界限；限度
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①There is a limit to one’s life, but no limit to serving(serve) the people.
②(2019·江苏卷)Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited(limit) resources.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③他的英语水平非常有限以至于不能理解以英语为母语的人说的话。
His English is_so_limited_that he can’t understand what the native speakers say.
(1)limit...to... 把……限制在……内
(2)set a limit to... 对……规定限度
there is a/no limit to...
对……是有限的/无限的
(3)limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 无限的
[佳句背诵] The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so.
文章的长度限制在约400词。 (全国卷Ⅰ)
balance n．天平，秤；平衡 vt.平衡；权衡
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.
②People have learnt the importance of keeping a balanced(balance) diet to satisfy their nutritional needs.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(天津卷)你太努力工作了，你最好使工作和放松保持平衡。
You are working too hard. You’d better keep_a_balance_between_work_and_relaxation．
④(湖北卷)男孩追他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。
When he was running after his brother, the boy lost_his_balance and had a bad fall.
(1)balance A against B 权衡/比较A和B
balance A with B 使A和B平衡
(2)keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡
break the balance 打破平衡
(3)balanced adj. 均衡的
[语段背诵]
We should try our best to keep the balance between our development and environment protection. Sometimes, overdevelopment can break the balance of ecology. Once nature loses the balance, it will bring us many disasters.
be supposed to 应当；理应
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(辽宁卷)What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You’re supposed to_be(be) asleep.
b．(陕西卷)The message is very important, so it is supposed to_be_sent(send) as soon as possible.
②Supposing/Suppose(suppose) that there was an earthquake, what would be the right way to escape?
[能力提升]——完成句子
③政府应该采取有效措施保护环境，环境已经大大地影响了人们的日常生活。
The government is_supposed_to_take_effective_measures_to_protect the environment, which has greatly affected people’s daily life.
(1)be supposed to do sth. 应该/理应做某事
(2)suppose＋sb.＋(to be) adj./n.
认为某人……
suppose/supposing (that)．.. 假定/假如/
如果……
[佳句背诵] Chopsticks are used to nip, pick, rip and stir food, which are supposed to be a very important invention and reflect the wisdom of ancient Chinese people.
筷子被用来夹、挑、扯和搅拌食物，它被认为是一项重要的发明， 反映了古代中国人的智慧。
now that 既然；由于
[能力提升]——完成句子
①由于我的儿子们正变得更加独立，我有更多属于自己的时间了。
Now_that_my_sons_are_becoming_more_independent,_I have more time for myself.
②你既然有了自己的工作，就应该学习独立于父母之外了。
Now_that_you_have_got_a_job,_ you should learn to be independent of your parents.
now that相当于since，是连词词组，用来引导原因状语从句。
[佳句背诵] Now that you have decided to do it，you should do it well.
既然你已经决定去做，那么你就应该把它做好。
stay up 不睡觉，熬夜
[能力提升]——完成句子
①喂！瞧瞧你这苍白的脸，你昨天晚上一定熬夜了。
Hey, looking at your pale face，you_must_have_stayed_up_last_night．
②随着金价的上涨，这个国家的经济可能变好。
With_the_price_of_gold_going_up,_this country’s economy is likely to be good.
③他将在下个月底就任民事法庭庭长一职。
He will take_up_his_post as the head of the civil courts at the end of next month.
wake up 醒来
take up 拿起；占用；开始从事
go up 上涨
use up 用完，花光
mix up 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌和
build up 建立，增强
pick up 捡起；偶然学会；收听；(用车)接人
[佳句背诵] With so much homework to do, I will have to stay up late tonight.
有这么多作业要做，今天晚上我得熬夜了。
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
(教材P23)Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset.
丹尼尔双臂抱在胸前，看起来很不高兴。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken(take)．
②a.Uncle Sam won’t have my father and me returning(return) to the farm too late.
b．It was cold, and she had the fire burning(burn) day and night.
③a.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)We students have various activities to_take(take) part in after class.
b．I am going to see my son next week. Do you have anything to_be_taken(take) to your son?
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)You should take the chance to deepen your knowledge of traditional Chinese culture. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
(高级表达)You should take the chance to have_your_knowledge_of_traditional_Chinese_culture_deepened．(have＋宾语＋宾补)
(1)have sth.done使某事完成；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情；让/叫别人做某事
(2)have sb.do sth.让某人做某事
(3)have sb.doing sth.允许某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中)
(4)have sth.to do有某事要做(主语自己做)
have sth.to be done有某事要做(不是主语自己做)
[佳句背诵] If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, have him or her leave a message. 如果我不在时有人来访，让他/她留个口信。(福建卷)
[名师点津] “have＋宾语＋宾补”结构中过去分词与前面的宾语为被动关系，而无to不定式和现在分词与宾语为主动关系。
as if好像，似乎
(教材P35)Sometimes he acts as if he doesn’t love us at all.
有时他表现得好像他根本就不爱我们。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is_going(go) to move in two minutes.
②(江苏卷)More generally, the Internet functions as if it were(be) my memory.
③(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had_done(do) it?
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)She walked here and there on the playground as if she was looking for something.
(高级表达)She walked here and there on the playground as_if_looking_for_something．(省略句)
⑤(普通表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as if he was criticized by the teacher.
(高级表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as_if_criticized_by_the_teacher．(省略句)
(1)as if/though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句。也常位于be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后引导表语从句。
(2)as if/though引导从句，当从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气。其形式如下：
①表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时；
②表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；
③表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might do。
[名师点津] 如果as if/though引导的方式状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式，则省略“从句主语＋be”。
every time 引导时间状语从句
(教材P37)Also, every time I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.
还有，每次我看DVD，他要么催着我上床睡觉，要么教导我要多花些时间学习。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①On arriving(arrive) home, he set out to do his housework.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)But the next time when you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble.删除when
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我第一次在课堂上见到简时，就知道她是一个安静但意志坚定的女孩。
I knew that Jane was a quiet but determined girl the_first_time_I_saw_her_in_class．
④你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。
You are welcome to come back any_time_you_want_to．
(1)every time是名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每当……”，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
(2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有： any time“任何时候”， next time“下次……时”， the last time“最后一次”， the＋序数词＋time“第……次”。
(3)the＋moment/minute/instant/second“一……就……”
(4)on/upon doing sth.“一……就……”
[佳句背诵] “Every/Each time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me. “每次吃甜品时，要喝绿茶。”这是我母亲过去常常告诉我的。(浙江卷)
[名师点津] every/each time, the first time, the last/next time, the moment/minute/instant等引导状语从句时，这些短语后面不需要加when/while。
along with 连同……一起
(教材P38)Along with these physical changes，there come many psychological changes.
与这些生理变化同时而来的，还有很多心理上的变化。
[能力提升]——完成句子
(辽宁卷)除了你很棒的创意之外，你还需要上交一篇报告，解释这个想法是如何产生以及你使用什么材料。
Besides/Along_with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.
along with(＝together with)连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与它前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。类似用法的还有：as well as, with, but，rather than, except等。
[佳句背诵] The problem of pollution arises along with the rapid development of industry.
随着工业的迅速发展，产生了污染问题。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．Parents are supposed to_trust(trust) their children, which is beneficial to their growth.
2．He has won a good reputation as expected, over which many hold the opinion that he deserves(deserve) it in terms of his contribution to the country.
3．To make the most of your time, live every moment as if it were(be) your last.
4．You are fortunate to have had the help and guidance(guide) of such a man.
5．Parents who tend to_sing(sing) to their children may help children’s development of language skills.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．As far as I’m concerned, during the period of exams, we should not stay up too late.
2．His grandmother likes finding fault with others who talk with her on the spot.
3．If you insist on doing so, then we have to work overtime.
4．To cut down PM 2.5 is a tough task.Cities have to consider economic development while dealing with air pollution.
5．Don’t be angry with him. He is going through a very difficult time.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2018·北京卷)They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread.忍受
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)We found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.限制
3．There was a time when I was always upset and easily got angry about some unimportant matters.心烦意乱的
4．He planned to learn Kung Fu in the summer holidays so that he could defend himself against being attacked.保护
5．The happy scene of children playing in the garden disappeared, and it was quiet again.场景；场面
6．Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the importance of a balanced diet to their health.均衡的
维度四 易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．In my opinion, soldiers should always be ready to defend their country and people on any kind of attacks.on→against
2．Lucy had her purse pick in the bus yesterday.pick→picked
3．My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continued my education.continued→(should)_continue
4．Building the Great Wall must have been a challenged project without modern machines.challenged→challenging
5．We are upset of the phenomenon that people turn a blind eye to the old in trouble.of→about/over/by/at
6．He is such a man who is always finding fault about other people.about→with
7．The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if seeing whether he was going in the right direction.seeing→to_see
8．She along with her younger brother were admitted to Beijing University last year.were→was
维度五 完成句子
1．她要买的东西都买了，她高高兴兴地回家了。
With_all_the_things_she_needed_bought,_she went home happily.
2．无论何时她遇到困难，她都找她哥哥帮忙。
Whenever_she_meets_with_difficulties，she turns to her brother for help.
3．运动会本该周二举行，但由于天气恶劣我们不得不推迟。
The sports meeting was_supposed_to_take_place on Tuesday，but we had to postpone it due to the bad weather.
4．我父亲每次来北京， 都要去瞻仰人民英雄纪念碑。
Every_time_my_father_comes_to_Beijing,_he goes to visit the Monument to the People’s Heroes with respect.
5．既然你来了，我们现在就和你一起解决这个问题。
Now_that you have come, we will settle this problem together with you now.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Many of us have much difficulty in 1.handling(handle) the relationship with our parents at present. Sometimes, we may feel that we can’t tolerate our parents any longer and get 2.annoyed(annoy) with them.
Don’t be worried. This problem is very normal among teenagers 3.who are in adolescence. I think our parents deserve our respect. We are supposed 4.to_be(be) patient and have a facetoface talk with them when we don’t agree with them. I insist on our 5.listening(listen) to them because they love us most.
It is true 6.that our parents are hard on us now and forbid us from 7.doing(do) something we want to do. Anyhow, we need to depend on our parents to get some 8.physical(physics) needs and we should be hardworking 9.on our studies now.
Being a parent is very difficult. If we use our 10.wisdom(wise), we can get along well with our parents.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①青春期是我们青少年走向成年的一段时期。
Adolescence is a period when_we_teenagers_grow_to_adults．
②在这段时期，我们除了经历一些生理变化以外，还经历心理的变化。
During this period, we go_through_some_psychological_changes as well as physical_changes．
③例如，我们经常感到孤独，对周围变化中的世界感到困惑。
For example, we often feel lonely and become_confused_with_the_changing_world around us.
④我们可能面临许多困难和挑战。
We may face_a_lot_of_difficulties_and_challenges．
⑤我们渴望独立，希望表现得像成年人。
We desire_independence,_and want to act_like_adults．
⑥我们的父母不能容忍我们认为正常的一些行为。
Our parents can’t tolerate_our_behavior which we think is normal．
⑦烦恼似乎多于收获，我们相信这两者使我们的少年时代变得更加丰富多彩。
It_seems_that pains are more than gains.We believe both of them make_our_teenage_years_more_colourful．
2．升级平淡句
⑧用让步状语从句升级句⑦
Although_it_seems_that_pains_are_more_than_gains，we_believe_both_of_them_make_our_teenage_years_more_colourful.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：besides, but)
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One possible version：
Adolescence is a period when we teenagers grow to adults.During this period，we go through some psychological changes as well as physical changes.For example，we often feel lonely and become confused with the changing world around us.Besides，we may face a lot of difficulties and challenges.We desire independence，and want to act like adults.But our parents can’t tolerate our behavior which we think is normal.
Although it seems that pains are more than gains, we believe both of them make our teenage years more colourful.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
阅读理解
A
(2020·滁州高三模拟)
Growing Pains
The term “adulting” started as a sort of joke—whenever a millennial(千禧一代) would do something ageappropriate, this was an act of “adulting”. Now, though, millennials obviously require training in being an adult.
Rachel Flehinger has cofounded an Adulting School, which includes online courses on simple sewing, conflict resolution and cooking. The cause for such classes is that many millennials haven’t left childhood homes—in America 34 percent of adults aged 18 to 34 still lived with their parents as of 2015, up from 26 percent a decade before.
There’s a good deal of truth to this. If you’re living at home, with Mom and Dad doing their best to spoil(溺爱) you, you’re less likely to know how to do laundry, cook or balance a checkbook. Dependency_breeds_enervation.
But living at home doesn’t necessarily lead to dependency. As of 1940, more than 30 percent of 25 to 29yearolds lived at home with parents or grandparents. They were adulting, even while living at home. Parents expected their kids to do chores, to prepare for life. Instead of blaming living at home, then, we have to blame our style of parenting. The truth is that we’ve simply become lazier as parents.
So what’s the real problem?
We’re more likely to let our kids crash on our couches(长沙发) than tell them to get a job and pay rent. We don’t push our kids to build families of their own, as life expectancy has increased, so has adolescence. Americans aren’t expected to start building a life, particularly middleand upperclass Americans, until they’re nearing their 30s. Then the question is how we can encourage young people to “adult” in noncircumstancedriven fashion.
【解题导语】 千禧一代的孩子接受着父母的宠爱，他们很多人不知道如何洗衣、做饭、管理生活收支，不能独立；所以有必要在他们成人之前培训他们缝纫、解决冲突、烹饪等简单的生活技能。事实上，是父母的养育方式导致孩子不能独立，父母应当让孩子去承担他们的责任。
1．What does the last sentence “Dependency breeds enervation.” in the third paragraph mean?
A．Parents would like to do housework by themselves.
B．Present kids are too lazy to do housework.
C．Dependency makes kids unable to do things.
D．Kids depend on their parents.
C 解析：句意理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，如果你住在家里，爸爸妈妈竭尽全力溺爱你，你就不太可能知道如何洗衣服、做饭或平衡收支。画线句为进一步的总结，据此可推知，画线句意在表达：过度依赖父母会使孩子丧失做事情的能力。故C项正确。
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Millennials would like to be trained in being an adult.
B．Parents are too lazy to do chores.
C．Millennials don’t adult because they still live in their childhood homes.
D．In the 1940s kids were adulting even when they were living at home.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，自20世纪40年代起，有超过30%的25至29岁的人与父母或祖父母一起住在家里；但即使和家人同住，他们也很成熟。故D项正确。
3．Which of the following statements is the main idea of the passage?
A．“Adulting” is hard, but only because parents are too lazy to teach their kids.
B．Millennials should leave home early to adult.
C．Americans aren’t expected to start building a life until they’re nearing their 30s.
D．Adulting schools with online courses are popular.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段尾句“The truth is that we’ve simply become lazier as parents.”并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要论述了由于父母的过分宠爱和懒得教孩子们生活技能，现在许多千禧一代的孩子不能独立，不知道如何洗衣、做饭、管理生活收支等。故A项正确。
4．According to the passage, what will be written about next?
A．The government should put off the age of adulthood.
B．Parents should leave kids in charge of society.
C．Parents should put responsibility on young people.
D．Pushing kids to adult is painful for parents.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据本文最后一句可知，接下来的问题是，我们如何鼓励年轻人以非环境驱动的方式“成年”。据此可推知，下文将介绍家长如何鼓励孩子们承担生活的责任。故C项正确。
B
(2020·蚌埠质检)
Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.
I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.
I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might honour with the title of scientific research.
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only selfdiscipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。
5．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?
A．Wildlife. B．Music.
C．Languages. D．Literature.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。
6．Why can’t the author remember his relatives clearly?
A．He didn’t live with them for long.
B．The family was extremely large.
C．He was fully occupied with observing nature.
D．He was too young when he lived with them.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C。
7．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?
A．Being knowledgeable.
B．Being selfdiscipline.
C．Being full of ambition.
D．Being full of enthusiasm.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。
8．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?
A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.
B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.
C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.
D．He thinks he just reads about other people’s observations.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack.”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的某种必备的素质，故选A。
完形填空
(2020·湖北八市联考)I used to hate running. It seemed too hard, and pushing outside my comfort __1__ was not something I was eager to do.
In fact, I wouldn’t have become a(n) __2__ if it weren’t for my husband Charles. He had been a __3__， competitive runner for many years. After our marriage, he wouldn’t stop talking about how much he __4__ it.
So he picked it up again, and after about a year, I started to join him at the __5__. Just a few weeks later, Charles signed up for a fivekilometer race for both of us. I __6__ about doing it. It was too soon.
But on the race day, there I was.
The gun went off. Thousands of runners __7__．
The first kilometer was tough.I was already breathing __8__ and painfully aware of the group of runners __9__ past me.
After another minute I saw the threekilometer __10__. All I could think of was that I was __11__．
I rounded a corner, and saw both sides of the street __12__ with people watching the race, all cheering the runners on: I __13__ my legs to keep going.
Then I looked up and saw the clock. The __14__ ticking away gave me an incentive(动力). I knew that if I had __15__ finished this race I would have achieved something. So, I __16__up, and kicked it.
I had my arms __17__ higher when I passed through the finish line. A volunteer put a(n) __18__around my neck.
“You did great！I’m so proud of you！” Charles was thrilled that I’d __19__．
“That was amazing！I want to do another race.” I proudly hugged my medal as we started to walk to the postrace festivities. My lungs and my comfort zone both __20__．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者原本不喜欢跑步，但是在丈夫的带动下她也开始跑步，并且坚持完成了5公里的跑步比赛。
1．A.block B．line
C．emotion D．zone
D 解析：根据文章最后一句中的“my comfort zone”可知，答案选D项。
2．A.wife B．coach
C．expert D．runner
D 解析：根据下文可知，作者一开始不喜欢跑步，在丈夫的带动下，最后变成了一名跑步者(runner)。
3．A.serious B．common
C．casual D．sharp
A 解析：根据空后的“competitive runner for many years”并结合语境可知，作者的丈夫以前是一个认真的、有竞争力的跑步者。serious “认真的”。
4．A.hated B．missed
C．admired D．trained
B 解析：根据下文中的“So he picked it up again”可推知，作者的丈夫和她结婚以后，总是不停地说他有多想念(missed)跑步。
5．A.race B．department
C．track D．ceremony
C 解析：根据该句可知，当作者的丈夫重新开始跑步后，作者也加入了他，和他一起跑。track “跑道”。
6．A.hesitated B．puzzled
C．cared D．brought
A 解析：根据上文可知，作者以前并不喜欢跑步，当作者的丈夫让她一起报名参加五公里跑步比赛的时候，作者有些犹豫(hesitated)。
7．A.slipped away B．backed off
C．pushed forward D．came over
C 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，当发令枪一响，数千名跑步者冲了出去(pushed forward)。
8．A.mildly B．shallowly
C．gently D．heavily
D 解析：根据空前一句“The first kilometer was tough.”可推知，当跑了一公里的时候，作者已经呼吸沉重了。heavily “沉重地”。
9．A.running B．bending
C．reaching D．pacing
A 解析：根据语境可知，由于呼吸困难，作者跑步的速度渐渐地慢了下来，于是有很多人跑着超过了作者。
10．A.symbol B．mark
C．pattern D．campaign
B 解析：根据该句“After another minute I saw the threekilometer ______．”可知，此处表示作者看见了三公里的标志牌。mark “标记”。
11．A.hopeful B．speechless
C．dying D．moving
C 解析：根据上文可知，作者跑了一公里便呼吸沉重，并结合语境可知，当作者看见了三公里的标志牌时，认为自己要死(dying)了一样。
12．A.stuck B．crowded
C．provided D．directed
B 解析：街道的两边挤满(crowded)了观看比赛的人，他们都在为选手加油。
13．A.sunk B．bent
C．shook D．willed
D 解析：在听到周围人的鼓舞之后，作者设法用意志力驱使自己的双腿移动。will “设法用意志力驱使”。
14．A.seconds B．titles
C．criteria D．competitors
A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者觉得每一秒走过的时间都在给她加油助力。
15．A.also B．actually
C．just D．unfortunately
B 解析：作者知道如果她的确(actually)完成了比赛，那么她已经完成了一些事。
16．A.dressed B．came
C．stayed D．straightened
D 解析：根据空前一句“I knew that...achieved something.”可推知，作者挺直身子，继续坚持完成比赛。straighten up “挺直身子”。
17．A.kept B．crossed
C．held D．tied
C 解析：当作者冲过终点线的时候，她把自己的手举得更高。hold “使保持(在某位置)”。
18．A.rope B．medal
C．necklace D．award
B 解析：根据下文中的“I proudly hugged my medal”可知，此处表示一个志愿者给作者带上奖牌。
19．A.got it B．meant it
C．made it D．defeated it
C 解析：根据上文可知，作者最终完成了对她来说看似不可能完成的事情，跑完了五公里。make it “获得成功”。
20．A.trembled B．expanded
C．ached D．erupted
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者在这次成功跑完了五公里之后，她感觉自己的肺和舒适区都得到了扩展。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
阅读理解
A
(2020·安庆模拟)
The boy sat on his chair, with his hands above the keyboard. He thought about what to write.
He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away. But he still had not even started on his piece. He looked at the brochure again. “WRITING COMPETITION！” the title read. His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.
As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was. Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.
Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an original and imaginative story.
The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves. Words were coming easily, flowing through him, faster than he could type. He typed faster than he ever had before. He continued to type, amazed how easy writing this story was. The boy could not stop writing. He looked at the word count and saw the number “248” staring right back at him. He was not even halfway yet.
Then he heard his mother’s call of saying time for bed. He continued writing the piece, ignoring her. He had to make up for the time he had lost in thinking about a topic to write.
Finally, he finished. The word count now read “498”．
“Perfect，” he thought, “just under the word limit.” He knew this was the story that would win.
He went to the website and searched for the competition. He found the page but there was no “Enter” button.
Confused, he then reread the page again. It read COMPETITION CLOSED.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。小男孩坐在电脑前，冥思苦想地进行写作。他参加的是一个网络写作比赛，可是怎么也想不出写作主题。好一会儿后，他茅塞顿开，快速敲击键盘，可是等到他写好文章准备提交时，页面上却显示“COMPETITION CLOSED”。
1．What caused the boy to take part in the writing competition?
A．A new computer. B．The prize money.
C．His own interest. D．His mom’s encouragement.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.”可知，他的妈妈鼓励他参加写作比赛，现在他把写作作为假期的个人任务；据此可知，他参加写作比赛是他妈妈鼓励的，故D项正确。
2．How did the boy finish his earlier writing?
A．His mom helped him.
B．He copied others’ ideas.
C．His friends assisted him.
D．He used his imagination.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories.”可知，他之前写的每一个故事都是以其他故事为基础；据此可知，以前写作时，他总是仿照别人的故事写，故B项正确。
3．Why did the boy delay his writing?
A．Because he was terribly lazy.
B．Because he didn’t know what to write.
C．Because he wasn’t confident.
D．Because he read too many stories.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He thought about what to write.”及第三段的内容“As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was...He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.”及倒数第五段尾句“He had to...write.”可知，想象力是写作的关键，而他又缺乏想象力；另外，由于他不知道写什么，所以他延误了写作时间，故B项正确。
4．Which might be the maximum word limit for each entry?
A．100. B．250.
C．500. D．1，000.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第七段“Finally, he finished. The word count now read ‘498’．”可知，他写了498个词，终于完成了；结合第八段第一句“‘Perfect，’ he thought，‘just under the word limit.’”可知，他认为太完美了，刚好低于限定的词数；据此可以判断，文章的最高限定词数可能为500，故C项正确。
B
(2020·亳州联考)
At a farm off Narrow Lane near Lexington, Kentucky, U．S., oldfashioned houses look over the little red barn(畜舍)．The farm is mostly empty now.Jim Mahan and his family, who lived there for generations, have moved to a different plot of land in northern Fayette County.As land is sold, houses go up where there once were fields.
But during the summer, the barn is filled with city kids who have come to enjoy the farm. They’re members of the Fayette County Livestock(FCL) Club, which showcases skills as varied as cutting wool. The barn is where they look after the animals. “A lot of Lexington kids don’t know anything about farm life，” said Adria Meier, 17, who has looked after goats and sheep for three years. “There is so much to learn.”
The dozen or so children who take care of their goats and sheep at the little red barn must do a sixhour class before they get an animal. They pay for their own animals but get special club programs, such as one that provides vet(兽医) care.
Mahan lets the group use the barn for free, and the kids spend up to three hours a day there during the summer.But as his land gets sold, he doesn’t know whether the club can continue. What makes the FCL Club special is that most of the kids can’t just walk out their doors and take care of their animals. Most are driven to the barn by their mothers, who usually hang around and chat as their kids feed and exercise the animals.
There are valuable lessons learned along the way. For instance, don’t cut wool off your goat when there is wind, and sheep are social animals and will cry loudly when separated. “Tending to animals helps teach us responsibility. Unlike learning to shoot an arrow, caring for an animal isn’t something you can simply abandon，” said Carly Playforth, 16, of Lexington.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文， 主要讲述了一群城里的孩子来到乡间农场体验不同的生活，照顾农场动物的故事。
5．What is the requirement for kids before they get animals?
A．Attend a class.
B．Pay certain money.
C．Have varied skills.
D．Get special club programs.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“must do a sixhour class before they get an animal”可知，得到动物之前，孩子们必须上一节六小时的课程，这个课程可能是培训孩子们如何照顾动物的。
6．What do we know about the club?
A．It offers services unconditionally.
B．It pays for their use of the barn.
C．It lets Mothers care for animals.
D．It allows Mothers to push kids.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Most are driven to the barn by their mothers”可推知，该俱乐部让孩子的妈妈督促孩子参与农场活动，故选D项。
7．How does Carly Playforth feel about the experience?
A．Suspicious. B．Moved.
C．Appreciative. D．Opposed.
C 解析：观点态度题。最后一段首句是段落主旨句，作者引用Carly Playforth的话是为了进一步说明因照顾动物而教会孩子们的珍贵东西，比如责任。由此可知， Carly Playforth对这种经历是赞赏的(appreciative)。
8．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Kids’ life on a sold farm.
B．Valuable lessons learned on the farm.
C．A special club intended for Lexington kids.
D．A club activity of caring for farm animals.
D 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文重点介绍的是FCL俱乐部借助一个农场举办的活动——让孩子们亲自照顾动物，在这一过程中，孩子们获益匪浅。故D项概括最为全面。
七选五
(2020·重庆七校联考)It is known to us all that thinking is a good thing. However, some people don’t do it enough, while some people overthink everything. If you’re an overthinker, it can be exhausting running through all the possibilities of everything. It’s not good that the whatifs run your life and you are trapped. 1.________
Here are some signs that you are an overthinker, even if you don’t feel you are.
·2.________
Why didn’t the girl look at me？And why did Peter look away so fast？What does it all mean？！When you’re an overthinker, you tend to find meaning in the world around you. It’s helpful to remind yourself that things mean the meaning you give them.
·You think more than you do.
Sometimes you think so much that you don’t end up doing anything. You weigh the choices, decide which is the best, and compare it with a new choice. You end up doing nothing. 3.________
·You find it difficult to let things go.
When you’ve invested a lot of time and energy into something, it can be hard to let it go when it isn’t working. 4.________ The more you think about something, the more it can eat away at you.
·You want to get everything right.
You might be a perfectionist. You always do your best. But when you don’t get everything right, you seriously blame yourself. By recognizing that this can be a strength as well as a weakness, you should know that you simply can’t get everything right, despite your best efforts.
5．________ Remind yourself that you can balance your level of overthinking with more doing. You can even teach someone else who is thoughtless!
A．You may continue thinking about it even when you believe you have already let it go.
B．You assume that others know what you’re thinking about.
C．Remember that, instead of just thinking, it’s equally important to act.
D．You’re proud of the act that you’re always thinking.
E．You look for meaning in everything.
F．It’s even worse when you’re unaware that you are just like this.
G．Can any of the above signs be found on you?
【解题导语】 本文主要对过度思虑的一些迹象进行了简要的说明。
1．F 解析：根据上文中的“It’s not good that the whatifs run your life and you are trapped.”可知，空处应是说明更深一层的坏处，所以选F项。
2．E 解析：根据文章结构及空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段的小标题，且根据本段的内容及关键词“meaning”可知，E项能概括本段内容。
3．C 解析：根据本段的小标题You think more than you do.及空处前一句可推知，空处是作者针对该段描述的现象所给出的建议。故C项符合语境。
4．A 解析：根据本段的小标题You find it difficult to let things go.及空后一句“The more you think about something, the more it can eat away at you.”可推知，A项符合语境。
5．G 解析：根据上文“Here are some signs that you are an overthinker, even if you don’t feel you are.”可知，G项与之呼应，符合语境。
语法填空
(2020·武汉调研)World Sleep Day falls on March 16. This year’s theme concerns sleep and women.
More women suffer from insomnia(失眠) than men, but only 4 percent of them go to a doctor to get help. A Beijing newspaper 1.____________(report) it recently. A study by 2.____________ international organization in the paper said that women 3.____________(age) 30 to 60 sleep six hours and 41 minutes a day 4.____________ average.
Young people have also been shown to suffer from a lack of sleep. Statistics from a Chinese medical research center show that in 5.____________(city) like Beijing and Shanghai, 40 percent of young people suffer from insomnia, and 80 percent suffer from great tiredness due to poor quality sleep.
Experts blame heavy 6.____________(press) and competition at work for poor 7.____________(sleep) habits. The longterm effects can be unhappiness, anxiety and depression, 8.____________ can in turn lead to chronic illnesses(慢性病), 9.____________(especial) in women.
There are, however, a couple of tricks for getting a good sleep, such as maintaining an optimistic attitude, keeping a regular, 10.____________(day) routine, or finding time for sports. Also, you can develop healthy habits, such as keeping the bedroom clean and avoiding tea, coffee, or wine before sleeping.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。今年世界睡眠日关注的是女性的睡眠问题。调查发现，许多女性睡眠不足，年轻人也是如此。文章介绍了导致睡眠不足的原因及其解决方法。
1．reported 解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“recently”，再结合上文可知，上述结果是北京的一家报纸报道过的，表示已经发生过的事情，故用一般过去时。
2．an 解析：考查不定冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一个国际组织”，且international的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
3．aged 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，空处作名词“women”的后置定语，应用age的过去分词形式aged，表示“年龄介于30到60岁之间的女性”。
4．on 解析：考查固定搭配。on average为固定搭配，意为“平均”。句意：在该报纸中一项由一个国际组织进行的研究表明，30到60岁的女性平均每天睡6小时41分钟。
5．cities 解析：考查名词单复数。根据该句中的“like Beijing and Shanghai”可知，该处指“像北京、上海那样的城市”，为复数意义，故填cities。
6．pressure 解析：考查名词。根据该句中“and competition”，再结合空前的形容词“heavy”可知，该形容词修饰两个并列的名词，故填press的名词形式pressure，表示“压力”。
7．sleeping 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词habits，表示“睡眠习惯”，故填形容词sleeping。
8．which 解析：考查关系词。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中作主语，指代前面的“unhappiness, anxiety and depression”，故填关系代词which引导该定语从句。
9．especially 解析：考查副词。空处修饰短语“in women”，故用副词形式。
10．daily 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词“routine”，表示“日常生活”，故填day的形容词形式daily。
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