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2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题五Book4Unit1Womenofachievement
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1.Such is Tu Youyou, a great scientist of Chinese Medicine, who deserves my admiration and respect.
这就是屠呦呦——一个伟大的中国医学科学家！值得我钦佩和尊重。
2.Such is Lang Ping, a Chinese volleyball coach, whose spirits deserve to be followed by us.
这就是郎平——一个中国排球教练。她的精神值得我们学习。
3.Madame Marie Curie was, and still is the world's most famous woman scientist.
玛丽·居里夫人不论过去，还是现在，都是世界上最著名的女科学家。
4.With Mother's Day around the corner/With Mother's Day approaching, I intend to give my mother a special present—to help her with the housework the whole day.
母亲节快要到了，我打算给妈妈一个特别的礼物——帮她做一天家务。
自主排查 夯基固本
Ⅰ 核心单词
(1)campaign (n.) 运动；战役 (vi.) 作战；参加运动
(2)behave (v.) 举动；(举止或行为) 表现→behaviour (n.) 行为；举止；习性
(3)shade (n.) 荫；阴凉处 (vt.) 遮住光线→shadow (形近词) (n.) 阴影；影子
(4)observe (vt.) 观察；观测；遵守→observation (n.) 观察；观测
(5)respect (vt.& n．) 尊敬；尊重；敬意
(6)argue (v.) 讨论；辩论；争论→argument (n.) 争论；争辩；争吵
(7)crowd (n.) 人群；观众 (vt.) 挤满；使拥挤→crowded(adj.) 拥挤的
(8)support (n.& vt.) 支持；拥护→supporter (n.) 支持者；拥护者→supporting (adj.) 次要的；配角的；支撑的
(9)refer (vi.) 谈到；参考；查阅→reference (n.) 提及；涉及；参考；查阅→referred (过去式/过去分词)
(10)intend (vt.) 计划；打算→intention (n.) 打算；目的；意图
(11)deliver (vt.) 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)→delivery (n.) 投递；交货；分娩
Ⅱ 阅读单词
(1)achievement (n.) 成就；功绩
(2)welfare (n.) 福利；福利事业
(3)project (n.) 项目；工程；规划
(4)institute (n.) 学会；学院；协会
(5)specialist (n.) 专家；专业工作者
(6)connection (n.) 连接；关系
(7)organization (n.) 组织；机构；团体
(8)entertainment (n.) 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演
(9)inspire (vt.) 鼓舞；激发；启示
(10)audience (n.) 观众；听众；读者
(11)rate (n.) 比率；速度
(12)considerate (adj.) 考虑周到的
(13)modest (adj.) 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的
[单句语法填空]
1．Do you want to get this book ________ (deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself?
答案：delivered
2．The children have been so noisy. Let me go and tell them ________ (behave) themselves.
答案：to behave
3．On the National Day, the streets ________ (crowd) with a large number of people.
答案：are crowded
4．I ________ (intend) to take a holiday last year, but I was fully occupied with an unexpected job.
答案：had intended
5．She is an agriculture ________ (special), who devotes all her life to the research into agriculture.
答案：specialist
6．Last night Bruce ________ (observe)to leave the building with two young men and take a taxi away.
答案：was observed
7．I was impressed by his ________ (inspire) words, and I decided to cooperate with him.
答案：inspiring
8．As for whether to buy the blueandwhite porcelain (瓷), a decision was finally made after some heated ________ (argue)．
答案：argument
9．He was such a selfless man that everybody ________ (respect) him.
答案：respected
10．If you want to help the poor, you can join the ________ (organize), which usually has some such activities.
答案：organization
联想积累
1．以ist为后缀的部分高频名词
①art→artist 艺术家
②piano→pianist 钢琴家
③tour→tourist 游客
④science→scientist 科学家
⑤journal→journalist 新闻工作者；记者
⑥social→socialist 社会主义者
⑦special→specialist 专家
⑧psychology→psychologist 心理学家
2．以hood结尾的部分名词
①adulthood 成年
②boyhood 少年时期
③brotherhood 兄弟关系；手足之情
④childhood 童年；幼年时代
⑤neighborhood 街坊；社区；四邻
1．move_off 离开；起程；出发
2．work_out 解决；锻炼身体；弄懂
3．lead a ... life 过着……的生活
4．crowd_in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；
涌入脑海
5．look_down_upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起
6．refer to 查阅；参考；谈到
7．by chance 碰巧；凑巧
8．come across (偶然)遇见；碰见
9．carry on 继续；坚持
[选词填空]
carry on， move off， refer to， crowd in， look down on/upon， by chance
1．The conductor blew his whistle and the train slowly ________.
答案：moved off
2．Complete the exercise without ________ a dictionary.
答案：referring to
3．Rachel Carr intends to ________ teaching in the remote areas after returning to China.
答案：carry on
4．Sweet memories ________ as I looked at the pictures which were taken at the beach in Qingdao last summer.
答案：crowded in
5．Nothing happens ________ or by means of good luck.
答案：by chance
6．I wish you wouldn't ________ this kind of work; after all it is important for our company.
答案：look down on/upon
联想积累
1．“v.＋off”短语速记
①move off 离开；起程；出发
②pay off 还清；取得好结果
③put off 推迟
④show off 炫耀；卖弄
⑤take off 起飞；脱下
⑥give off 发出(光、热、气味等)
⑦set off 出发；使……爆炸
2．by相关短语
①by chance 碰巧 ②by accident 碰巧；偶然地
③by design 故意地 ④by weight 按重量计算
⑤by nature 生来；天生地
⑥one by one 一个接一个地
⑦step by step 一步一步地
课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
only引导状语从句置于句首时，主句用倒装语序。
Only when you have confidence and master proper approaches __________ overcome the difficulties.
只有拥有自信并掌握合理的方法，你才能克服困难。
答案：can you
直击重点 突破考点
① behave vt.& vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现(P2)
(1)单句语法填空
①It is important to reward good ________ (behave)．
②He is old enough to behave ________ (he)．
答案：①behavior ②himself
(2)单句改错
He was not to be served because he visited the bar often and did not behave good.
___________________________________________________________
答案：good→well
(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差
behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
(2)wellbehaved adj. 表现好的
badlybehaved adj. 表现差的
(3)behaviour n. 举止；行为
② observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守；庆祝(P2)
(1)单句语法填空
①The guard observed a young man ________ (enter) the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.
②It is everybody's duty ________ (observe) the rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track.
③The little baby is under close ________ (observe) in hospital.
答案：①enter/entering ②to observe ③observation
(2)单句写作
I felt he ________________ everything I did.
我觉得他正在注视着我做的每一件事。
答案：was observing
(1)observe sb. do sth. 观察/看到某人做某事(全过程)
observe sb. doing sth. 观察/看到某人正在做某事
observe that ... 发现，观察……
(2)observation n. 观察；观测
be under observation 受到监视/观察
③ respect n．& vt. 尊敬；尊重；敬意(P2)
(1)单句语法填空
①He is such a great man that all of us show our respect ________ him.
②Local customs and culture should ________ (respect) by all the tourists.
③Our English teacher was so________(respect) that I respected him very much.
答案：①for ②be respected ③respectable
(2)单句写作
I ________ the greatest ________________ Jane's work.
我非常钦佩简的工作成绩。
答案：have; respect for
(1)respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊重/敬佩某人
(2)have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人
(3)respected adj. 受尊敬的；受敬重的
respectable adj. 受人尊敬的；正派的；(行为)体面的
respectful adj. 有礼貌的；恭敬的
respective adj. 各自的(仅用于名词前)
④ argue vi.& vt. 讨论；辩论；争论(P2)
(1)单句语法填空
①Gun control is a subject ________ which Americans have argued for a long time.
②The author supported the theme of the text by stating his ________ (argue)．
答案：①over/about ②argument
(2)单句写作
①They were always ________________ whether to see the movie Gone with the Wind.
他们总是争论是否去看电影《乱世佳人》。
②Finally, I __________________ reading Romance of the Three Kingdoms written by Luo Guanzhong.
最后，我说服他阅读罗贯中的《三国演义》。
答案：①arguing over/about ②argued him into
(1)argue with sb. over/about sth. 与某人就某事争辩
argue for 为……据理力争
argue against 据理反对……
argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人去做某事
argue sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
(2)argument n. 争辩；争论；论点；论据
⑤ intend vt. 计划；打算(P6)
(1)单句语法填空
①He has made up his mind to intend his son ________ (manage) the company.
②I meant it to be an informal discussion, but it didn't turn out as I ________ (intend)．
③He left England with the ________ (intend) of travelling in Africa.
答案：①to manage ②had intended ③intention
(2)单句改错
The school to be built is intending for the disabled children.
________________________________________________________________
答案：intending→intended
(1)intend to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
intend that ... 打算……
had intended to do ... 原本打算做……
(2)intention n. 意图；意向
have no intention of doing sth. 没有做某事的打算
with the intention of doing sth. 打算……
① look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起(P4)
单句写作
①She __________________ people who haven't been to college.
她瞧不起没上过大学的人。
②Old people enjoy ______________ the past while the young enjoy looking ahead.
老年人喜欢回顾过去而年轻人喜欢展望未来。
③When crossing the street, ____________ the coming cars.
过街时，注意来往车辆。
④Many families ________ education ________ an investment in this area.
在这一地区很多家庭将教育视为一种投资。
答案：①looks down on/upon ②looking back on ③look out for ④look on; as
look back on 回顾
look forward to 盼望；期盼
look sb. in the eye 直视某人
look into 调查
look on 旁观
look on ... as 把……看作
look out for 注意观察；留心
look through 翻查；翻找
② refer to 谈到；提及；查阅；参考(P5)
(1)单句语法填空
①In his letter, he ________ (refer) to his dog as “the captain”．
②Check the ________ (refer) book to see if the grammar is true.
答案：①referred ②reference
(2)单句写作
①When I give my presentation, using Microsoft Office PowerPoint saves me the trouble of ________________ my notes.
当做展示的时候，我就用PPT，这样我不用看笔记。
②The members __________________ the committee, as they were unable to make a decision.
成员们把这个问题交给委员会处理，因为他们无法作出决定。
答案：①referring to ②referred the question to
(1)refer sb./sth. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人/把某事物交给某人(解决)
refer to ... as ... 把……称作……
refer sb. to sth. (正式说法)叫某人去某处(查阅资料)
(2)reference n. 提及，谈到；查阅，查看；参考书目
look up表示“查阅”时，其宾语多为word, information等；而refer to表示“参考；查阅”时，其宾语多为book, dictionary等。
③ carry on 继续；坚持(P6)
单句写作
①Whatever the difficulty, he decided to ______________ the “Rural Rehabilitation Programme”．
不管困难如何，他决定继续实施“乡村振兴计划”。
②Once the plan is drawn up, nothing will stop it from ________________.
一旦计划制订出来，什么也不能阻止它的实施。
答案：①carry on with ②being carried out
carry on with/doing sth. 继续某事/做某事(相当于go on with)
carry out 执行；实施
carry through (克服困难后)把……进行到底；完成
carry off 成功地进行(某事)；赢得，获得
① [教材原句]Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.(P2)
我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。
(1)单句语法填空
①My class ________ (be) going to the Lake District.
②The family ________ (be) the tiniest cell of the society.
③The public now ________ (come) to know the whole story.
④The public ________ (have) every reason to be cautious about professional deception.
答案：①are ②is ③come ④has
(2)单句改错
The goods has been chosen for military use.
____________________________________________________________
答案：has→have
(1)本句中our group属于集体名词。此处强调组内成员，因此谓语动词用复数形式are，此处属于主谓一致的用法。
(2)主谓一致是指句子中的谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。
集合名词作主语时的主谓一致：
①通常用作复数的集合名词，如：police, people, cattle, goods等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
②只用作单数的不可数集合名词，如：clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, furniture, scenery, jewellery, information, equipment等作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。
③既可以表单数意义也可表复数意义的集合名词，如：family, group, class, grade, team, army, nation, crowd, population, company, government, committee等作主语时，根据其代表的意义决定。即表示整体意义时，谓语动词要用单数；表示个体意义时，谓语动词要用复数。
② [教材原句]Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.(P6)
我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。
(1)单句语法填空
①________ had never hit him that he might be falling in love with her.
②It occurred to me ________ I had ever seen him before.
答案：①It ②that
(2)单句写作
①____________________ I should have walked him to the station in case he lost his way again.
我突然想起我本应该把他送到车站，万一他再次迷路。
②________________ they spent their childhood in the same village.
碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。
答案：①It occurred to me that/It hit me that/It struck me that ②It happened that
本句中，it是形式主语，how difficult引导的主语从句作真正的主语。It hit/hits sb. that ... 是一个固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……”，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。类似的句式还有：
(1)It occurs/occurred to sb. that ... 某人突然想到……
(2)It strikes/struck sb. that ... 某人突然想到……
(3)It happens/happened that ... 碰巧……
课文回练 升华运用
Jane Goodall was born in London, England, on April 3,1934. Since childhood, she was attracted by animals and animal stories. In 1957, the 23yearold Goodall went to Kenya to work as a secretary. She also arranged to meet the famous __1__ (special), Louis Leakey, who hired her as his assistant. She went with him on many trips to the African jungles and in 1960, Leakey sent Goodall __2__ (observe) chimpanzees in a remote animal preserve, recording the animals' __3__ (behave). __4__， this was not easy. When she first __5__ (arrive)in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her __6__ the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was __7__ chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group __8__ (hunt) a monkey and then eating __9__. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. What she did set a good example for others __10__ (achieve) their goals.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
答案：1.specialist 2.to observe 3.behaviour 4.However 5.arrived 6.for 7.that 8.hunting 9.it 10.to achieve
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ (regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.
答案：is regarded 当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语保持一致；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处描述一般事实。
2．He was observed by officers ________ (drive) at 90 miles per hour.
答案：driving observe在本句中意为“注意到，发现”，在句中构成observe sb. doing sth. 结构的被动式，用v.ing表示动作正在进行。
3．Many times the person who hurt you does not intend ________ (apologize)．
答案：to apologize intend to do sth. “打算做某事”。
4．Whichever way you look at it, an Olympic silver medal is a remarkable ________ (achieve) for one so young.
答案：achievement a remarkable achievement “一个非凡的成就”。
5．With our teacher ________ (support) us, we feel quite encouraged.
答案：supporting 这是一个独立主格结构，且teacher和support之间是主动关系，故填supporting。
6．He has decided to take a look at the house and see if it might be worthwhile ________ (buy) it.
答案：buying/to buy It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. “值得做某事”。
7．The little boy's bad ________ (behave) at the party made his parents upset.
答案：behaviour behaviour “行为”是名词，此处作主语。
8．It's impossible to pinpoint a moment when ________ hit me that I was a “success”．
答案：it it作形式主语，后面的从句为真正的主语。
9．Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of ________ (entertain)．
答案：entertainment 介词of后应为名词，entertainment “娱乐活动；娱乐”。
10．What I would like to do today is advance an ________ (argue) and see what you make of it.
答案：argument 由an可知，应填名词argument “论点”。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．The purpose of the Beautiful Countryside Project is to make sure the villagers ________________ (过上幸福生活)．
答案：live a happy life
2．________________ (我想起) that you had a great interest in Chinese culture.
答案：It occurred to me
3．As is known, Chinese Guoxue ________ all excellent traditional Chinese culture, which has ____________________ educating people.
众所周知，“国学”指的是所有灿烂的中国传统文化，在育人方面起着重要作用。
答案：refers to; played an important part in
4．______________________________________________________________
事实上，他激励我继续学习英语，架起中国和世界沟通的桥梁。(carry on)
答案：In fact, he inspires me to carry on learning English to be a bridge between China and the world.
5．_______________________________________________________________
坐在高铁上旅行，我意识到我们被看不起的日子一去不复返了。
答案：Traveling on the highspeed train, I am aware that the days are gone when we were looked down upon.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90yearold has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __1__ (be) Britain's oldest fulltime employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __2__ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have __3__ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __4__ (declare) she had no plans __5__ (retire) from her 36yearold business. Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __6__ (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, __7__ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call __8__ (say) she was shortlisted, we thought it was __9__ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's __10__ (wonder)．”
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位90岁的英国女性仍然坚持每周工作40个小时而获得“年度女性奖”的事迹。
1．being 考查非谓语动词。介词for后跟动词时，要用其动名词形式。
2．which 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。
3．finally 考查词性转换。副词修饰动词acknowledge。
4．declared 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语动词；结合后面的had可知，此处应使用一般过去时。
5．to retire 考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语作plans的后置定语，表示“她没有退休的计划”。
6．have made 考查动词的时态。根据空格后的时间状语“over the years”可知，句子要用现在完成时。
7．but 考查连词。not ... but ... “不是……而是……”。
8．saying 考查非谓语动词。say与前面的a call之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填saying，用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a call。
9．a 考查冠词。joke “笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后的joke为单数，故其前用a。
10．wonderful 考查词性转换。系动词is后面跟形容词作表语。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·河北省邢台市高三第一次月考)My mom is a volunteer in a public hospital. She serve dinner every day to the people waiting for their relatives outside hospital. One day, she asked me to help her of volunteering. At first, I didn't want to, and in the end I gave in to her. Certain, I went there unwillingly. The much food we gave, the more people would come. Looking at people's smiles, especially those from children, was amazed! That made me to feel glad for being there. I realized that happy is not only about receiving, but giving as well. Since then, I had kept volunteering every week.
答案：
My mom is a volunteer in a public hospital. She dinner every day to the people waiting for their relatives outside hospital. One day, she asked me to help her volunteering. At first, I didn't want to, in the end I gave in to her. ， I went there unwillingly. The food we gave, the more people would come. Looking at people's smiles, especially those from children, was ！ That made me feel glad for being there. I realized that is not only about receiving, but giving as well. Since then, I kept volunteering every week.
难项分析：
第一处：serve→serves 考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：母亲每天在医院外为等待亲人的人们提供晚餐。根据时间状语“every day”及主语“She”可知，应该使用动词第三人称单数，故将serve改为serves。
第五处：Certain→Certainly 考查副词。此处为副词修饰整个句子，certainly意为“毫无疑问”，故将Certain改为Certainly。
第八处：删除to 考查非谓语动词。固定结构make sb. do sth. “让某人做某事”，故删除to。
1.Such is Tu Youyou, a great scientist of Chinese Medicine, who deserves my admiration and respect.
这就是屠呦呦——一个伟大的中国医学科学家！值得我钦佩和尊重。
2.Such is Lang Ping, a Chinese volleyball coach, whose spirits deserve to be followed by us.
这就是郎平——一个中国排球教练。她的精神值得我们学习。
3.Madame Marie Curie was, and still is the world's most famous woman scientist.
玛丽·居里夫人不论过去，还是现在，都是世界上最著名的女科学家。
4.With Mother's Day around the corner/With Mother's Day approaching, I intend to give my mother a special present—to help her with the housework the whole day.
母亲节快要到了，我打算给妈妈一个特别的礼物——帮她做一天家务。
自主排查 夯基固本
Ⅰ 核心单词
(1)campaign (n.) 运动；战役 (vi.) 作战；参加运动
(2)behave (v.) 举动；(举止或行为) 表现→behaviour (n.) 行为；举止；习性
(3)shade (n.) 荫；阴凉处 (vt.) 遮住光线→shadow (形近词) (n.) 阴影；影子
(4)observe (vt.) 观察；观测；遵守→observation (n.) 观察；观测
(5)respect (vt.& n．) 尊敬；尊重；敬意
(6)argue (v.) 讨论；辩论；争论→argument (n.) 争论；争辩；争吵
(7)crowd (n.) 人群；观众 (vt.) 挤满；使拥挤→crowded(adj.) 拥挤的
(8)support (n.& vt.) 支持；拥护→supporter (n.) 支持者；拥护者→supporting (adj.) 次要的；配角的；支撑的
(9)refer (vi.) 谈到；参考；查阅→reference (n.) 提及；涉及；参考；查阅→referred (过去式/过去分词)
(10)intend (vt.) 计划；打算→intention (n.) 打算；目的；意图
(11)deliver (vt.) 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)→delivery (n.) 投递；交货；分娩
Ⅱ 阅读单词
(1)achievement (n.) 成就；功绩
(2)welfare (n.) 福利；福利事业
(3)project (n.) 项目；工程；规划
(4)institute (n.) 学会；学院；协会
(5)specialist (n.) 专家；专业工作者
(6)connection (n.) 连接；关系
(7)organization (n.) 组织；机构；团体
(8)entertainment (n.) 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演
(9)inspire (vt.) 鼓舞；激发；启示
(10)audience (n.) 观众；听众；读者
(11)rate (n.) 比率；速度
(12)considerate (adj.) 考虑周到的
(13)modest (adj.) 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的
[单句语法填空]
1．Do you want to get this book ________ (deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself?
答案：delivered
2．The children have been so noisy. Let me go and tell them ________ (behave) themselves.
答案：to behave
3．On the National Day, the streets ________ (crowd) with a large number of people.
答案：are crowded
4．I ________ (intend) to take a holiday last year, but I was fully occupied with an unexpected job.
答案：had intended
5．She is an agriculture ________ (special), who devotes all her life to the research into agriculture.
答案：specialist
6．Last night Bruce ________ (observe)to leave the building with two young men and take a taxi away.
答案：was observed
7．I was impressed by his ________ (inspire) words, and I decided to cooperate with him.
答案：inspiring
8．As for whether to buy the blueandwhite porcelain (瓷), a decision was finally made after some heated ________ (argue)．
答案：argument
9．He was such a selfless man that everybody ________ (respect) him.
答案：respected
10．If you want to help the poor, you can join the ________ (organize), which usually has some such activities.
答案：organization
联想积累
1．以ist为后缀的部分高频名词
①art→artist 艺术家
②piano→pianist 钢琴家
③tour→tourist 游客
④science→scientist 科学家
⑤journal→journalist 新闻工作者；记者
⑥social→socialist 社会主义者
⑦special→specialist 专家
⑧psychology→psychologist 心理学家
2．以hood结尾的部分名词
①adulthood 成年
②boyhood 少年时期
③brotherhood 兄弟关系；手足之情
④childhood 童年；幼年时代
⑤neighborhood 街坊；社区；四邻
1．move_off 离开；起程；出发
2．work_out 解决；锻炼身体；弄懂
3．lead a ... life 过着……的生活
4．crowd_in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；
涌入脑海
5．look_down_upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起
6．refer to 查阅；参考；谈到
7．by chance 碰巧；凑巧
8．come across (偶然)遇见；碰见
9．carry on 继续；坚持
[选词填空]
carry on， move off， refer to， crowd in， look down on/upon， by chance
1．The conductor blew his whistle and the train slowly ________.
答案：moved off
2．Complete the exercise without ________ a dictionary.
答案：referring to
3．Rachel Carr intends to ________ teaching in the remote areas after returning to China.
答案：carry on
4．Sweet memories ________ as I looked at the pictures which were taken at the beach in Qingdao last summer.
答案：crowded in
5．Nothing happens ________ or by means of good luck.
答案：by chance
6．I wish you wouldn't ________ this kind of work; after all it is important for our company.
答案：look down on/upon
联想积累
1．“v.＋off”短语速记
①move off 离开；起程；出发
②pay off 还清；取得好结果
③put off 推迟
④show off 炫耀；卖弄
⑤take off 起飞；脱下
⑥give off 发出(光、热、气味等)
⑦set off 出发；使……爆炸
2．by相关短语
①by chance 碰巧 ②by accident 碰巧；偶然地
③by design 故意地 ④by weight 按重量计算
⑤by nature 生来；天生地
⑥one by one 一个接一个地
⑦step by step 一步一步地
课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
only引导状语从句置于句首时，主句用倒装语序。
Only when you have confidence and master proper approaches __________ overcome the difficulties.
只有拥有自信并掌握合理的方法，你才能克服困难。
答案：can you
直击重点 突破考点
① behave vt.& vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现(P2)
(1)单句语法填空
①It is important to reward good ________ (behave)．
②He is old enough to behave ________ (he)．
答案：①behavior ②himself
(2)单句改错
He was not to be served because he visited the bar often and did not behave good.
___________________________________________________________
答案：good→well
(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差
behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
(2)wellbehaved adj. 表现好的
badlybehaved adj. 表现差的
(3)behaviour n. 举止；行为
② observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守；庆祝(P2)
(1)单句语法填空
①The guard observed a young man ________ (enter) the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.
②It is everybody's duty ________ (observe) the rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track.
③The little baby is under close ________ (observe) in hospital.
答案：①enter/entering ②to observe ③observation
(2)单句写作
I felt he ________________ everything I did.
我觉得他正在注视着我做的每一件事。
答案：was observing
(1)observe sb. do sth. 观察/看到某人做某事(全过程)
observe sb. doing sth. 观察/看到某人正在做某事
observe that ... 发现，观察……
(2)observation n. 观察；观测
be under observation 受到监视/观察
③ respect n．& vt. 尊敬；尊重；敬意(P2)
(1)单句语法填空
①He is such a great man that all of us show our respect ________ him.
②Local customs and culture should ________ (respect) by all the tourists.
③Our English teacher was so________(respect) that I respected him very much.
答案：①for ②be respected ③respectable
(2)单句写作
I ________ the greatest ________________ Jane's work.
我非常钦佩简的工作成绩。
答案：have; respect for
(1)respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊重/敬佩某人
(2)have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人
(3)respected adj. 受尊敬的；受敬重的
respectable adj. 受人尊敬的；正派的；(行为)体面的
respectful adj. 有礼貌的；恭敬的
respective adj. 各自的(仅用于名词前)
④ argue vi.& vt. 讨论；辩论；争论(P2)
(1)单句语法填空
①Gun control is a subject ________ which Americans have argued for a long time.
②The author supported the theme of the text by stating his ________ (argue)．
答案：①over/about ②argument
(2)单句写作
①They were always ________________ whether to see the movie Gone with the Wind.
他们总是争论是否去看电影《乱世佳人》。
②Finally, I __________________ reading Romance of the Three Kingdoms written by Luo Guanzhong.
最后，我说服他阅读罗贯中的《三国演义》。
答案：①arguing over/about ②argued him into
(1)argue with sb. over/about sth. 与某人就某事争辩
argue for 为……据理力争
argue against 据理反对……
argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人去做某事
argue sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
(2)argument n. 争辩；争论；论点；论据
⑤ intend vt. 计划；打算(P6)
(1)单句语法填空
①He has made up his mind to intend his son ________ (manage) the company.
②I meant it to be an informal discussion, but it didn't turn out as I ________ (intend)．
③He left England with the ________ (intend) of travelling in Africa.
答案：①to manage ②had intended ③intention
(2)单句改错
The school to be built is intending for the disabled children.
________________________________________________________________
答案：intending→intended
(1)intend to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
intend that ... 打算……
had intended to do ... 原本打算做……
(2)intention n. 意图；意向
have no intention of doing sth. 没有做某事的打算
with the intention of doing sth. 打算……
① look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起(P4)
单句写作
①She __________________ people who haven't been to college.
她瞧不起没上过大学的人。
②Old people enjoy ______________ the past while the young enjoy looking ahead.
老年人喜欢回顾过去而年轻人喜欢展望未来。
③When crossing the street, ____________ the coming cars.
过街时，注意来往车辆。
④Many families ________ education ________ an investment in this area.
在这一地区很多家庭将教育视为一种投资。
答案：①looks down on/upon ②looking back on ③look out for ④look on; as
look back on 回顾
look forward to 盼望；期盼
look sb. in the eye 直视某人
look into 调查
look on 旁观
look on ... as 把……看作
look out for 注意观察；留心
look through 翻查；翻找
② refer to 谈到；提及；查阅；参考(P5)
(1)单句语法填空
①In his letter, he ________ (refer) to his dog as “the captain”．
②Check the ________ (refer) book to see if the grammar is true.
答案：①referred ②reference
(2)单句写作
①When I give my presentation, using Microsoft Office PowerPoint saves me the trouble of ________________ my notes.
当做展示的时候，我就用PPT，这样我不用看笔记。
②The members __________________ the committee, as they were unable to make a decision.
成员们把这个问题交给委员会处理，因为他们无法作出决定。
答案：①referring to ②referred the question to
(1)refer sb./sth. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人/把某事物交给某人(解决)
refer to ... as ... 把……称作……
refer sb. to sth. (正式说法)叫某人去某处(查阅资料)
(2)reference n. 提及，谈到；查阅，查看；参考书目
look up表示“查阅”时，其宾语多为word, information等；而refer to表示“参考；查阅”时，其宾语多为book, dictionary等。
③ carry on 继续；坚持(P6)
单句写作
①Whatever the difficulty, he decided to ______________ the “Rural Rehabilitation Programme”．
不管困难如何，他决定继续实施“乡村振兴计划”。
②Once the plan is drawn up, nothing will stop it from ________________.
一旦计划制订出来，什么也不能阻止它的实施。
答案：①carry on with ②being carried out
carry on with/doing sth. 继续某事/做某事(相当于go on with)
carry out 执行；实施
carry through (克服困难后)把……进行到底；完成
carry off 成功地进行(某事)；赢得，获得
① [教材原句]Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.(P2)
我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。
(1)单句语法填空
①My class ________ (be) going to the Lake District.
②The family ________ (be) the tiniest cell of the society.
③The public now ________ (come) to know the whole story.
④The public ________ (have) every reason to be cautious about professional deception.
答案：①are ②is ③come ④has
(2)单句改错
The goods has been chosen for military use.
____________________________________________________________
答案：has→have
(1)本句中our group属于集体名词。此处强调组内成员，因此谓语动词用复数形式are，此处属于主谓一致的用法。
(2)主谓一致是指句子中的谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。
集合名词作主语时的主谓一致：
①通常用作复数的集合名词，如：police, people, cattle, goods等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
②只用作单数的不可数集合名词，如：clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, furniture, scenery, jewellery, information, equipment等作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。
③既可以表单数意义也可表复数意义的集合名词，如：family, group, class, grade, team, army, nation, crowd, population, company, government, committee等作主语时，根据其代表的意义决定。即表示整体意义时，谓语动词要用单数；表示个体意义时，谓语动词要用复数。
② [教材原句]Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.(P6)
我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。
(1)单句语法填空
①________ had never hit him that he might be falling in love with her.
②It occurred to me ________ I had ever seen him before.
答案：①It ②that
(2)单句写作
①____________________ I should have walked him to the station in case he lost his way again.
我突然想起我本应该把他送到车站，万一他再次迷路。
②________________ they spent their childhood in the same village.
碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。
答案：①It occurred to me that/It hit me that/It struck me that ②It happened that
本句中，it是形式主语，how difficult引导的主语从句作真正的主语。It hit/hits sb. that ... 是一个固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……”，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。类似的句式还有：
(1)It occurs/occurred to sb. that ... 某人突然想到……
(2)It strikes/struck sb. that ... 某人突然想到……
(3)It happens/happened that ... 碰巧……
课文回练 升华运用
Jane Goodall was born in London, England, on April 3,1934. Since childhood, she was attracted by animals and animal stories. In 1957, the 23yearold Goodall went to Kenya to work as a secretary. She also arranged to meet the famous __1__ (special), Louis Leakey, who hired her as his assistant. She went with him on many trips to the African jungles and in 1960, Leakey sent Goodall __2__ (observe) chimpanzees in a remote animal preserve, recording the animals' __3__ (behave). __4__， this was not easy. When she first __5__ (arrive)in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her __6__ the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was __7__ chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group __8__ (hunt) a monkey and then eating __9__. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. What she did set a good example for others __10__ (achieve) their goals.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
答案：1.specialist 2.to observe 3.behaviour 4.However 5.arrived 6.for 7.that 8.hunting 9.it 10.to achieve
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ (regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.
答案：is regarded 当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语保持一致；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处描述一般事实。
2．He was observed by officers ________ (drive) at 90 miles per hour.
答案：driving observe在本句中意为“注意到，发现”，在句中构成observe sb. doing sth. 结构的被动式，用v.ing表示动作正在进行。
3．Many times the person who hurt you does not intend ________ (apologize)．
答案：to apologize intend to do sth. “打算做某事”。
4．Whichever way you look at it, an Olympic silver medal is a remarkable ________ (achieve) for one so young.
答案：achievement a remarkable achievement “一个非凡的成就”。
5．With our teacher ________ (support) us, we feel quite encouraged.
答案：supporting 这是一个独立主格结构，且teacher和support之间是主动关系，故填supporting。
6．He has decided to take a look at the house and see if it might be worthwhile ________ (buy) it.
答案：buying/to buy It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. “值得做某事”。
7．The little boy's bad ________ (behave) at the party made his parents upset.
答案：behaviour behaviour “行为”是名词，此处作主语。
8．It's impossible to pinpoint a moment when ________ hit me that I was a “success”．
答案：it it作形式主语，后面的从句为真正的主语。
9．Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of ________ (entertain)．
答案：entertainment 介词of后应为名词，entertainment “娱乐活动；娱乐”。
10．What I would like to do today is advance an ________ (argue) and see what you make of it.
答案：argument 由an可知，应填名词argument “论点”。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．The purpose of the Beautiful Countryside Project is to make sure the villagers ________________ (过上幸福生活)．
答案：live a happy life
2．________________ (我想起) that you had a great interest in Chinese culture.
答案：It occurred to me
3．As is known, Chinese Guoxue ________ all excellent traditional Chinese culture, which has ____________________ educating people.
众所周知，“国学”指的是所有灿烂的中国传统文化，在育人方面起着重要作用。
答案：refers to; played an important part in
4．______________________________________________________________
事实上，他激励我继续学习英语，架起中国和世界沟通的桥梁。(carry on)
答案：In fact, he inspires me to carry on learning English to be a bridge between China and the world.
5．_______________________________________________________________
坐在高铁上旅行，我意识到我们被看不起的日子一去不复返了。
答案：Traveling on the highspeed train, I am aware that the days are gone when we were looked down upon.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90yearold has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __1__ (be) Britain's oldest fulltime employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __2__ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have __3__ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __4__ (declare) she had no plans __5__ (retire) from her 36yearold business. Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __6__ (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, __7__ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call __8__ (say) she was shortlisted, we thought it was __9__ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's __10__ (wonder)．”
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位90岁的英国女性仍然坚持每周工作40个小时而获得“年度女性奖”的事迹。
1．being 考查非谓语动词。介词for后跟动词时，要用其动名词形式。
2．which 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。
3．finally 考查词性转换。副词修饰动词acknowledge。
4．declared 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语动词；结合后面的had可知，此处应使用一般过去时。
5．to retire 考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语作plans的后置定语，表示“她没有退休的计划”。
6．have made 考查动词的时态。根据空格后的时间状语“over the years”可知，句子要用现在完成时。
7．but 考查连词。not ... but ... “不是……而是……”。
8．saying 考查非谓语动词。say与前面的a call之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填saying，用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a call。
9．a 考查冠词。joke “笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后的joke为单数，故其前用a。
10．wonderful 考查词性转换。系动词is后面跟形容词作表语。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·河北省邢台市高三第一次月考)My mom is a volunteer in a public hospital. She serve dinner every day to the people waiting for their relatives outside hospital. One day, she asked me to help her of volunteering. At first, I didn't want to, and in the end I gave in to her. Certain, I went there unwillingly. The much food we gave, the more people would come. Looking at people's smiles, especially those from children, was amazed! That made me to feel glad for being there. I realized that happy is not only about receiving, but giving as well. Since then, I had kept volunteering every week.
答案：
My mom is a volunteer in a public hospital. She dinner every day to the people waiting for their relatives outside hospital. One day, she asked me to help her volunteering. At first, I didn't want to, in the end I gave in to her. ， I went there unwillingly. The food we gave, the more people would come. Looking at people's smiles, especially those from children, was ！ That made me feel glad for being there. I realized that is not only about receiving, but giving as well. Since then, I kept volunteering every week.
难项分析：
第一处：serve→serves 考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：母亲每天在医院外为等待亲人的人们提供晚餐。根据时间状语“every day”及主语“She”可知，应该使用动词第三人称单数，故将serve改为serves。
第五处：Certain→Certainly 考查副词。此处为副词修饰整个句子，certainly意为“毫无疑问”，故将Certain改为Certainly。
第八处：删除to 考查非谓语动词。固定结构make sb. do sth. “让某人做某事”，故删除to。
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