2021版新高考英语（人教版）一轮复习教师用书：板块4第2讲 并列句和状语从句
展开第2讲 并列句和状语从句
[全国卷考情分析]
题型 | 典题试做 | 命题解读 |
语 法 填 空 | 1． (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) I work not because I have to, but because I want to. 2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia，especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，and Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks. 3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time，as/when the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. | 1．并列连词(考查的重点：and，but，or，so，when，while)； 2．状语从句的引导词。 |
短 文 改 错 | 1． (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.but→and 2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) When I studied chemistry at high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.or→and 3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.but→and | 1．并列连词的错用或缺失； 2．状语从句连接词的错用； 3．并列连词和状语从句的连接词的同时使用错误。 |
考点一 | 并列连词 |
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·河北衡水中学调研)She didn't know anything about current TV shows
fashion trends.
or [句意：她对于当前的电视节目和流行趋势一无所知。or用在表示否定意义的动词后表示“也不，也不是，也没有”的意思。根据本句中表示否定意义的“didn't know”可知设空处填or。]
2．(2019·福建泉州1月质检)In China, the question is not “What shall I have？” “What shall we have？”．Food is ordered to share with others, not just for oneself.
but [句意：在中国，问题不是“我吃什么？”而是“我们吃什么？”。点餐是为了和别人分享，而不是只为了自己。not...but...为固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”。]
3．(2019·河南中原名校联考)Around 7：30 a．m., she was lying on her surfboard with her left arm in the water a 14footlong tiger shark attacked her，severing her left arm just below the shoulder.
when [句意：大约在上午七点半左右，她正躺在她的冲浪板上，左臂放在水里，就在那时一条14英尺长的虎鲨袭击了她，咬断了她肩部以下的左臂。be doing sth. when...为固定句型，其中when为并列连词，意为“正在做某事，这/那时突然……”。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
4．(2019·广东七校联考)Although I was tired，but I really had a good time.
删除but或but→yet [although不能和but连用，能和yet连用。补充：此处也可删除Although，但是语意上没有删除but好。]
5．(2019·郑州质量检测)Should I tell him the truth, and should I pay to repair it? I wish for your advice.
and→or [考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的选择关系，故用连词or。]
1．表并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词：and，both ...and ...，neither ...nor ...，not only ...but also ...，as well as
Not only the teacher but also the students were invited.不但那位教师被邀请，而且学生们也被邀请了。
2．表转折的并列连词：but，yet；表对比关系的并列连词：while
The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。
I was never very neat，while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.
我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。
[易错提醒] but不与although/though连用，但yet，still可与although/though连用。
3．表选择关系的并列连词：or，either ...or ...，not ...but ...
They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是以个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。
4．表因果关系的并列连词：so，for (表“由于”，一般不放在句首)
He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。
5．when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
①be about to do sth.when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”
②be on the point of doing sth.when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”
③be doing sth.when ...“正在做某事，这时突然……”
④had done sth.when ...“刚做完某事，这时突然……”
I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。
She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。
【技法点拨】
在语法填空中：
并列连词的考查主要是通过句子意义及两个并列成分之间的关系来判断连词词义。解题时准确理解题干的意义，理清前后逻辑关系很重要。
[易错提醒] 在短文改错中：
1．分析句子结构及句与句之间的关系和相应的标点符号，确定是否需要连接词连接，从而确定是否缺少连词或连词多余，以便增删连接词。
2．分析句子间的意义关系，判断句子间连接词的使用是否正确，然后予以改正。and表并列；yet/but表转折；or表选择；so表因果；while表对比；when表“就在这时”等，在做短文改错时一定要记牢。
考点二 | 状语从句 |
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·安徽六安一中月考)Talking about fires can be scary no one likes to think about people getting hurt or their things getting burned.
because [句意：谈论火灾可能会令人害怕，因为没人愿意考虑人们受伤或者他们的东西被烧毁。设空处引导原因状语从句，该原因状语从句说明主句发生的直接原因，故填because。]
2．(2019·福州四校联考)I am grateful for the gifts shared by the musicians with the audience that I'll carry this special feeling along with me.
so [考查副词。根据空后的grateful可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词，又根据下文中的that可知，此处为“so...that...”结构，故填so。]
3．(2019·福建龙岩3月质检)But for now, they all have to postpone their plans
the winter storms pass.
until/till [句意：但是现在他们都得把他们的计划推迟到冬季风暴结束时才能实施。根据句意可知设空处填until或till。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
4．(2019·湖南益阳调研)One day，I was skiing down a mountain while I saw a girl aged about 15 who had fallen.
while→when [be doing sth.when...为固定搭配，意为“正在做某事，突然……”。故将while改为when。]
5．(2019·安徽百所重点中学二模)It happens such often that we end up taking our parents for granted.
such→so [在so/such...that...句型中，so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。此处修饰副词，故用so。]
一、时间状语从句
1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句
when | 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。 |
while | 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。 |
as | 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”。 |
While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.
尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。
As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句
(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly
The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。
(2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly got to the office，when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我马上回家。
3．before，since引导的时间状语从句
(1)before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：①It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……；②It won't be/wasn't＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……。
We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.
在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。
If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
(2)since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
As is reported，it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。
4．till/until引导的时间状语从句
until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。
If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.
如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。
She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down.等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句
By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold.
等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。
二、让步状语从句
1．although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句
(1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；as引导的从句必须用倒装语序。
Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now.
虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。
Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。
(2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。
(3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。
(4)as、though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装的两种特殊情况
①如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。
Youngest as/though he is in our class，he speaks English best.
他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但他英语说得最好。
②行为动词前置时，从句主语后面要用may，might，can，could，will，would等情态动词，若没有情态动词，则需加上一个do(does或did)。若前置的行为动词是及物动词，则其宾语也随其后一并提前。
Search as they would here and there，they could find nothing in the room.
尽管到处寻找，但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。
Change your mind as/though you do，you will get no help from us.
即使你改变主意，你也得不到我们的帮助。
2．even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句
even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。
Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise.
蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。
3．“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句
wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
However/No matter how hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.无论我有多饿，我似乎从来不能吃完整条面包。
4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句
whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
所有人，无论年老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。
三、其他状语从句
状语从句 | 连词 |
条件状语从句 | if，unless(＝if...not)，so/as long as(只要)，on condition that，in case(万一)，suppose/supposing，provided/providing |
原因状语从句 | because，as，since，now that，considering that (考虑到，鉴于) |
目的状语从句 | so that，in order that，in case (以防) |
结果状语从句 | so that，so...that...，such...that... |
地点状语从句 | where，wherever |
方式状语从句 | as(正如，正像)，as if/as though(好像) |
比较状语从句 | than，as...as...，not as/so...as... |
You won't find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.
只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。
Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。
He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.
他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。
[易错提醒] as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，用过去时；与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来情况相反时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。
【技法点拨】
在语法填空中，状语从句的考查集中在连词的使用上。解题时要认真分析主、从句之间的逻辑关系，明确从句表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较等，再根据各种从句固定使用的连接词确定正确答案。
[易错提醒] 在短文改错中：
1．分析句子结构，找到主句的谓语动词，确定句子的主谓结构，查看句子连接是否正确。
2．理解句意，把握句子的内在逻辑关系，确定从句在句中的作用及连接词在句中所作的成分，检查连接词是否正确。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·北京朝阳区期末)It is freezing here. Wear your coat, you'll catch a cold.
or [结合语义可知，此处表示“否则，要不然”的意思，故填or。]
2．(2019·江苏镇江模拟)We thought that, we were in the area, we'd stop by and see the places of interest.
since [句意：我们认为，既然到这了，我们不如驻足一会儿，看一看这儿的名胜。由句意可知，此处填since表示“既然”。]
3．(2019·哈六中模拟)However, when I had to go back I forgot my book, I noticed she had just finished picking them up by herself.
because/since/as [根据句意并结合前后两句的逻辑关系可知，此处需用一个表原因的连词，故填because/since/as。]
4．(2019·北京西城模拟) I get home late，Grandma always leaves a light on for me.
Whenever [whenever “无论何时”；根据句意，“每当”我回家晚了， 故填Whenever。]
5．(2019·天津模拟)—Don't look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.
—Oh, yes, others are weak, he is strong.
where [where可以引导表示抽象意义的地点状语从句。此处表述别人的弱点正是他的强势所在。故填where。]
6．(2019·江苏南通月考) serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
However [由句义判断此处表述“无论多么严重”。故填However，引导让步状语从句。]
7．(2019·杭州质检)Remember that you won't be able to cancel the order
you've signed.
once [句意：记住一旦你签了字，就不能取消订单。根据句义可知，此处表示条件，故填once。]
8．(2019·浙江温州十校联考)Good news never goes beyond the gate,
bad news spreads far and wide.
while [句意：好事不出门，坏事传千里。结合句义可知，此处填while表“转折和对照”。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·广州检测)Because my arms looked weak, my mother trusted that I could hold the baby.
Because→Although/Though [根据句义可知，两句之间为让步关系，而非因果关系，故应将Because改为Although/Though。]
2．(2019·天水一中质检)One day, I was cooking in the kitchen while the telephone rang.
while→when [根据句子结构可知，此处连词表示“在那时候”，故用when。固定句型“be doing ... when ...”意为“正在做某事，这时……”。]
3．(2019·山东日照模拟)I would have enjoyed a perfect afternoon unless it had not been for an unfortunate incident.
unless→if [根据句义可知，此处表示肯定条件，也是if引导的虚拟条件句，故将unless改为if。]
4．(2019·浙江暨阳模拟)Summer isn't exactly flu season, so that you have flulike symptoms after a long day in the sun, you may be to blame.
that→if [句意：夏天不是流感的季节，因此如果你在太阳下待了一整天后，有流感的症状的话，你自己该为此负责。这里不是so that引导的结果状语从句，因此将that改为if。]
5．(2019·广东惠州高三模拟)There are a number of companies that create robots to teach subjects to children ranging from biology to computer science, because such tools have not become widespread yet.
because→though [由主句中的“create robots to teach”和从句中的“have not become widespread yet”可知主从句之间的逻辑关系不是因果关系，而是让步关系，因此将because改为though。句意：有大量的公司制造教学生们从生物到电脑科学的机器人，即使这样的工具还没有广泛普及。]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2019·广西柳州二模)The Watersplashing (泼洒) Festival of the Dai ethnic minority (少数民族) falls on April 13th to April 15th. It is the most important festival 1． (observe) by the Dai people of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. It is the New Year for the Dai, a festival to send off the old and greet the new.
During the festival, 2. lasts three days, people are dressed in their best clothes and participate in a variety of rich and colourful 3. (activity). Dragon boat racing, fireworks displays and other performances such as Peacock Dance 4. (hold) on the first day. And the most popular event 5. (be) watersplashing on the second day. People splash water on each other, hoping to take away sicknesses and disasters. The wetter you get, the 6． (lucky) you will be. The last day is usually for the young people to play games as a way 7． (express) their love for each other.
The Watersplashing Festival 8. (vivid) exhibits the Dai's respect for water and the culture of music, dance, food, and costumes. It is also a cultural bridge 9. Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries that share 10. same festival culture of watersplashing.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了傣族泼水节的相关情况，包括时间、活动内容和意义等。
1．observed [考查过去分词。这是云南省西双版纳的傣族人所奉行的最重要的节日。根据该句中的“by the Dai people”可知，动词observe和名词festival之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。]
2．which [考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为“the festival”，故用which引导该定语从句。]
3．activities [考查名词复数。activity“(群体性的)活动”常用复数，根据该句中的“a variety of”可知，此处表示“多种多样的活动”，故用其复数形式。]
4．are held [考查被动语态和主谓一致。该句主语为“Dragon boat racing，fireworks displays and other performances such as Peacock Dance”，故谓语动词用复数形式；主语和动词hold之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态；故填are held。]
5．is [考查主谓一致和时态。该句主语为“the most popular event”为单数，故谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是传统习惯，故用一般现在时。]
6．luckier [考查形容词的比较级。根据句子结构和该句中的“The wetter”可知，该句使用了“the more...the more...”结构，表示“越……就越……”。故填luckier。]
7．to express [考查动词不定式。最后一天的活动通常是年轻人玩游戏来表达他们对彼此的爱。根据语境可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。 ]
8．vividly [考查副词。泼水节生动地展示了傣族人对水和音乐、舞蹈、食物以及服饰文化的尊重。根据空后的“exhibits”可知，空处修饰该动词，故用vivid的副词形式。]
9．between [考查介词。此处表示两者之间，between...and...为固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。泼水节也是西双版纳和东南亚国家之间的文化桥梁，他们共享相同的泼水节日文化。]
10．the [考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表特指，故填the。]
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2019·新疆第一次适应性考试)Dormitory life is part of college life. But sometime the harmony in the dormitory is disturbed in one way or another. What is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and benefit all the members. On one hand you can have a good rest and put your hearts into study. On the other hand, you will have a good mood and enjoy being together. There are several ways create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life. Firstly, you have to evaluate your lifestyle and try to get rid of your bad habits, if there are any. Secondly, when an annoyed situation arises, you'll just have to learn to tolerate each other or coexist. Thirdly, you'll have to share with each other and make the good friends.
On conclusion, you should try your best to build a harmonious dormitory life for our college life.
【答案】
Dormitory life is part of college life. But the harmony in the dormitory is disturbed in one way or another. is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and all the members. On one hand you can have a good rest and put your into study. On the other hand, you will have a good mood
and enjoy being together. There are several ways create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life. Firstly, you have to evaluate your lifestyle and try to get rid of your bad habits, if there are any. Secondly, when an situation arises, you'll just have to learn to tolerate each other coexist. Thirdly, you'll have to share with each other and make good friends.
conclusion, you should try your best to build a harmonious dormitory life for college life.
