2021届高考英语大一轮复习Unit23Conflict课时作业23b北师大版选修8 练习

课时作业23　Conflict

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·湖北襄阳五中月考)

What's more exciting than having a fresh hot pizza delivered to your door? How about having it brought to you by a robot? Thanks to Domino's Robotic Unit or DRU, that just became a reality! On March 8, the three­foot tall robot delivered its first pizza to some lucky residents in Brisbane, Australia.

The fully autonomous DRU is the result of cooperation between Domino's Pizza Australia and Marathon Robotics. The 450­pound machine that travels at a maximum speed of 12.4 miles an hour can traverse a distance of up to 12 miles and back, before requiring to recharge the battery. LIDAR, a laser­based sensor technology similar to the one used in self­driving cars, enables DRU to detect and avoid obstacles, while traditional sensors, much like those used in vacuum robots ensure its path is safe as it heads to its destination.

The robot can fit up to ten pizzas and even has a separate cold area to accommodate drink orders. To access their food, customers have to enter the unique code provided for them by the company. This not only ensures that they pick up the right pizza, but also prevents the pies from getting stolen.

Scientists expect additional DRU's to be ready for service in their various Queensland locations within the next six months. But don't expect these super cute robots to replace humans anytime soon. According to Domino's the DRU still  needs extensive testing, which the company believes could take up to two years.

And then there is also the issue of regulations. The public use of autonomous vehicles is still banned in most countries. But Don Meij, the CEO and Managing Director of Domino's Pizza Australia New Zealand Ltd, is not worried. He is confident that one day DRU will become an integral part of the Domino's family.

本文介绍了一种可以送比萨上门的机器人。

1．What's the function of LIDAR?

A．Recharging DRU's battery.

B．Keeping DRU free of obstacles.

C．Helping DRU find its destination.

D．Protecting DRU from bad weather.

答案：B

解析：推理判断题。由第二段LIDAR, a laser­based sensor technology similar to the one used in self­driving cars, enables DRU to detect and avoid obstacles可知LIDAR技术类似于一个用于自动驾驶汽车的传感技术，确保DRU的检测和避免障碍，故选B。

2．The underlined word “accommodate” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．

A．hold　　　　　　　　　 B．sell

C．heat   D．show

答案：A

解析：词义猜测题。由句意可推知，它不仅送比萨还送饮料，因此冷的地方肯定是用来储藏饮料的，故选A。

3．What can we infer about the future of DRU?

A．It will replace humans soon.

B．It will be applied worldwide.

C．It may be banned in Australia.

D．It may need some improvements.

答案：D

解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段According to Domino's the DRU still needs extensive testing, which the company believes could take up to two years.可知该机器人仍然需要大量的测试，公司认为可能需要长达两年时间，所以还有需要改进的地方，故选D。

B

(2019·江西师范大学调研)

Pacing and pausing

Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve's new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing.

Conversation is a turn­taking game. When our habits are similar, there's no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before I'm finished or fail to take your turn when I'm finished. That's what was happening with Betty and Sara.

It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.

The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational styles but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思维定势). And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the south­western part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in — and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.

That's why slight differences in conversational style—tiny little things like microseconds of pause — can have a great effect on one's life. The result in this case was a judgement of psychological problems — even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.

本文介绍了不同国家之间的语言交谈的文化差异。

4．What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her?

A．Betty was talkative.

B．Betty was an interrupter.

C．Betty did not take her turn.

D．Betty paid no attention to her.

答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk.”可知，Sara认为Betty坚持不到她讲话的结束，Betty抱怨Sara从不给她说话的机会。故选C项。

5．According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?

A．Americans   B．Israelis.

C．The British.   D．The Finns.

答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“...Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.”可知，Sara和Betty谈话时，Sara期望对话停顿短些，而Betty和芬兰人谈话时发现芬兰人停顿时间更长。Sara和拉丁美洲人和以色列人谈话时感觉很难插话。由此可知拉丁美洲人和以色列人说话停顿最短。故选B项。

6．We can learn from the passage that ________.

A．communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacing

B．women are unfavourably stereotyped in eastern cities of the US

C．one's inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimes

D．one should receive training to build up one's confidence

答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据文章的第三段可知，不同国家之间的对话停顿时间不同，这是由各国的文化决定的。故选C项。

7．The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means “________”．

A．being willing to speak one's mind

B．being able to increase one's power

C．being ready to make one's own judgement

D．being quick to express one's ideas confidently

答案：D

解析：词义猜测题。在画线的这一段提到了谈话风格的差异对人们生活有很大的影响。上文所举事例的主人公希望“能够快速流利地交流”。故选D项。

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2019·河北张家口检测)

There was a boy in India who was sent by his parents to a boarding school. Before being __1__， this boy was the brightest student in his class. He was at the top in every competition. He was a __2__.

But the boy __3__ after leaving home and attending the boarding school. His __4__ started dropping. He __5__ being in a group. He was lonely all the time. And there were especially __6__ times when he felt like committing suicide. All of this was because he thought he was of no __7__ and that no one loved him. His parents started __8__ the boy. But even they did not __9__ what was wrong with him. __10__ his dad decided to travel to the boarding school and talk with him. They sat on the bank of the lake near the school. The father started asking him __11__ questions about his classes, teachers and sports. After some time his dad said, “Do you know, son, __12__ I am here today？”

The boy answered, “To __13__ my grades？”

“No，no，” his dad replied. “I am here to tell you that you are the most __14__ person to me. I want to see you __15__. I don't care about grades. I care about you. I care about your happiness. You are my __16__.”

These words caused the boy's eyes to fill with __17__. He hugged his dad. They didn't say anything to each other for a long time.

Now the boy had everything he __18__. He knew there was someone on this earth who cared for him __19__. He meant the world to someone. And today this young man is in college at the top of his class and no one has __20__ seen him sad!

Thanks a lot, dad. You are my life.

本文是一篇记叙文。一个印度男孩被父母送到寄宿学校后，感觉自己是被世界遗忘的人，感到十分消极和失落。后来父亲的话让他重拾对生活的希望和信心。

1．A.set up   B．pointed out

C．sent away   D．taken over

答案：C

解析：根据前文可知，这个男孩被父母送到了寄宿学校。这里所表示的意思应是“在被送走之前”。

2．A.champion B．loser

C．competitor D．host

答案：A

解析：在每次竞赛中，他的成绩都是最好的。可以说，他是一个“冠军”。

3．A.failed B．cried

C．complained D．changed

答案：D

解析：根据下文中提到的小男孩种种异常的表现可知，他被送到寄宿学校后就发生了变化。

4．A.weights B．grades

C．emotions D．feelings

答案：B

解析：前文中提到他的学习成绩很好，根据后文可知，他猜测父亲找他谈话是来问有关成绩的问题。所以，这里说的应该是成绩开始下降。

5．A.loved B．continued

C．hated D．regretted

答案：C

解析：根据空后可知，他一直很孤独。所以他不喜欢和别人交往。

6．A.good B．private

C．spare D．dark

答案：D

解析：他甚至有过想要自杀的时候。

7．A.importance B．purpose

C．use D．confidence

答案：A

解析：男孩认为父母把他送到寄宿学校是因为不爱自己了，同时也觉得自己是不重要的。of no importance“不重要的”。

8．A.giving up B．worrying about

C．picking up D．caring about

答案：B

解析：看到孩子的变化，父母很担心。

9．A.know B．believe

C．ask D．mind

答案：A

解析：但是就连他们都不知道孩子是怎么回事。

10．A.But B．So

C．Or D．For

答案：B

解析：所以，父亲决定去和儿子谈一谈。

11．A.shallow B．tough

C．casual D．serious

答案：C

解析：父亲并没有直截了当地询问孩子的想法，一开始只是问了一些很随意的问题。

12．A.what B．when

C．how D．why

答案：D

解析：父亲问儿子知不知道为什么来找他谈话。

13．A.find B．check

C．question D．criticize

答案：B

解析：男孩认为父亲是来检查他的学习成绩的。

14．A.important B．handsome

C．meaningful D．generous

答案：A

解析：父亲仿佛明白了儿子变化的原因：儿子或许认为自己只是关心他的成绩，而不关心他的感受。所以，父亲安慰他说，儿子对自己来说是最重要的人。

15．A.brilliant B．excellent

C．lucky D．happy

答案：D

解析：根据本空后的happiness可知，父亲只希望孩子能够快乐。

16．A.dream B．power

C．life D．way

答案：C

解析：父亲为了表示儿子在他心目中的重要性，对他说：“你就是我的生命”。同时，此处与最后一段“You are my life.”相呼应。

17．A.tears B．doubts

C．pain D．anger

答案：A

解析：父亲的话深深触动了孩子，使他的眼中充满了泪水。

18．A.insisted B．wanted

C．believed D．imagined

答案：B

解析：现在男孩拥有了想要的一切。

19．A.simply B．lovely

C．deeply D．hardly

答案：C

解析：男孩知道这个世界上有人在深深地爱着他。

20．A.just B．still

C．never D．ever

答案：D

解析：再也没有人看到他伤心过。ever在此处意为“在任何时候，从来”。