2021届高考英语大一轮复习Unit24Society课时作业24b北师大版选修8 练习
展开课时作业24 Society
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019·辽宁大连检测)
French writer Frantz Fanon once said, “To speak a language is to take on a world, a culture.” Since the world changes every day, so does our language.
More than 300 new words and phrases have recently made it into the online Oxford Dictionary, and in one way or another they are all reflections of today's changing world.
After a year that was politically unstable, it's not hard to understand the fact that people's political views are one of the main drives of our expanding vocabulary. One example is “clicktivism”， a compound of “click” and “activism”. It refers to “armchair activists” — people who support a political or social cause, but only show their support from behind a computer or smartphone. And “otherize” is a verb for “other” that means to alienate (使疏远) people who are different from ourselves — whether that be different skin color, religious belief or sexuality.
Lifestyle is also changing our language. For example, “fitspiration” — a compound of fit and inspiration — refers to a person or thing that encourages one to exercise and stay fit and healthy.
The phrase “climate refugee” — someone who is forced to leave their home due to climate change — reflects people's concern for the environment.
According to Stevenson, social media was the main source for the new expressions. “People feel much freer to coin their own words these days，” he said.
But still, not all newlyinvented words get the chance to make their way into a mainstream (主流的) dictionary. If you want to create your own hit words, Angus Stevenson, Oxford Dictionaries head of content development, suggests that you should not only make sure that they are expressive (有表现力的) and meaningful, but also have an attractive sound so that people will enjoy saying them out loud.
本篇文章主要讲述了语言与社会生活的联系，世界每天都在变化，语言也在变化。越来越多有表现力的词语出现，并给我们的生活带来一定的影响。
1．What's the purpose of the quotation from French writer Frantz Fanon?
A．To serve as the topic of the passage.
B．To present one of the major views of the society.
C．To show the fact that language mirrors the culture in a way.
D．To lead to the topic of the whole passage.
答案：D
解析：目的意图题。文章开头引用法国作家Frantz Fanon的话借以引入正题，世界在变，语言也在变，说明语言与社会生活之间的联系。故选D。
2．The underlined word “coin” in the secondtolast paragraph probably means “________”．
A．use B．record
C．change D．create
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据全文可知，本篇文章主要讲述的是人们在实践生活中创造出了许多新单词，并且最后一段运用了“But still, not all newlyinvented words get the chance to make their way into a mainstream (主流的) dictionary.”这句话进行转折，说明不是所有新单词都会进入主流词典。并且本句的前面提到“social media was the main source for the new expressions”社交媒体是新的表达方式的主要来源，由此可以推测此句应和新词的“发明”有关。故选D。
3．How is the article mainly developed?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following a timeline.
D．By presenting research findings.
答案：A
解析：写作手法题。文章第三、四、五段都在介绍一些新的词汇并解释它们的由来和意义，所以本篇文章是通过举例子进行描述的。故选A。
4．According to Stevenson, to make the words you invent popular, they should ________.
A．be easy to remember
B．have unique meanings
C．reflect the changing world
D．be meaningful, expressive and catchy
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。从文章最后一段“suggests that you should not only make sure that they are expressive (有表现力的) and meaningful, but also have an attractive sound so that people will enjoy saying them out loud.”可知，具有表现力、意义丰富并且吸人眼球的新词汇才会被更多人运用。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读填句
(2019·吉林实验中学检测)
April 22nd every year marks the start of Earth Day, a day that is celebrated every year to raise awareness (意识) about our home planet and how we can save it from being damaged. __1__.
·Green up your home
This is one of the most common things that people do whenever Earth Day rolls around, that is, switch off their lights. __2__. Conserve (节约) energy by switching off all power of electricity points whenever they are not on use. In addition, take out all the plugs (插头) from plug points even after switching them off.
·__3__
Cars, being the greatest source of air pollution, can be left at home this weekend. __4__. Other greener choices are carpooling, riding a bike or you can also walk if you want a healthier choice and if your workplace is not that far away from your home.
·Be a little dirty
No, we don't mean it “that way”. We simply mean to say, don't take a bath. Yes, saving water is super important. A day or two without a bath won't harm you, but it will certainly do a lot of good for our planet. A daily shower isn't a matter of health; it's a matter of comfort. __5__.
The future of our planet is in your hands!
A．Leave your cars at home
B．Traveling by public transport is a better choice
C．Below, we have made a list of things you can do to celebrate Earth Day
D．Showering every day can wash away the natural oils that our skin and hair need
E．However, this is not something you should do just for a day or for only an hour
F．Started in the year 1970, Earth Day is now celebrated in more than 190 countries each year
G．Do something every day that will improve your surroundings to make the planet a better place to live
众所周知，每年的4月22日是地球日。这是一个能让我们关注地球家园、珍惜并保护它免遭人类行为反复破坏的日子。本文列举了便于人们实践的地球日活动。
1．C 解析：根据上文：每年的4月22日是地球日。这是一个能让我们关注地球家园并保护它免遭破坏的日子。再根据下文的关注地球家园所采取的措施，可知此空是一个承上启下引出下文的句子，根据句意可知选C项(下面我们列举了几项便于人们实践的地球日活动)。
2．E 解析：根据上文：每到地球日，很多人都会不约而同选择做这件事：关灯。再根据空格下句：为了节省能源，我们应该随时关闭所有不在使用当中的用电设施。可知E项(然而，这不应该只是你在这一天或这一小时做的事)符合语境。
3．A 解析：此空是一个小标题。根据小标题的特点和下文内容，可知A项Leave your cars at home符合语境。
4．B 解析：根据下文：其他绿色出行方式还包括拼车、骑行；如果你的工作地点离家不远的话，更健康的选择就是步行。可知上文应该再提到一种绿色出行方式，根据句意可知选B项(公共交通其实是更好的选择)。
5．D 解析：根据上句：每天冲澡与健康无关，其实只是为了舒服而已。可知D项(每天洗澡还会冲掉我们皮肤上天然的油脂，而这些油脂其实是皮肤和头发需要的)符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·河北石家庄一中月考)
I write 10 things for which I am grateful every day, posting them on Facebook, and have done so for well over a year. Several __1__ (month) ago my mother died after a long __2__ (ill). It was expected and we had her on hospice (安养所) care __3__ several months. I wrote of my feelings __4__ her impending (即将) death and the places __5__ I found gratitude and joy during that time, and __6__ (continue) my writing following her death. One morning, several weeks following my mom's __7__ (die), I received a beautiful note __8__ (express) how much my writings had meant to someone from another part of __9__ world. While my mom was dying, their loved one also lay dying. Every day that person opened the computer and read my words, and somehow they helped. I was __10__ (deep) touched that those words I wrote to help make sense of my dark days could lighten the dark days of someone across the world. I guess we are more connected than I realize!
作者每天都写下10件自己感激的事情，以表示对生活的感谢。
1．months 解析：考查名词单复数。空前有several修饰，因此这里用复数，表达“几个月”。
2．illness 解析：考查名词。从空前的a long看这里需要名词，而ill是形容词，因此用illness。
3．for 解析：考查介词。for several months“几个月”，表示一段时间介词要用for。
4．about 解析：考查介词。联系空后的her impending(即将)death and the places可知，关于她即将的死亡作者写了感受，因此用about。
5．where 解析：考查定语从句。本空与I found gratitude and joy during that time一起构成定语从句，修饰places，且引导词在从句中作状语，因此用where。
6．continued 解析：考查时态。从前文的I found可知这里用一般过去时，因此用continued。
7．death 解析：考查名词。空前有my mom's，因此这里需要用名词形式。
8．expressing 解析：考查非谓语动词。expressing how much my writings had meant to someone为动词ing短语作定语，修饰note。
9．the 解析：考查冠词。world前面要加定冠词the。
10．deeply 解析：考查副词。deeply为副词，修饰touched。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·湖北荆州第一次质量检测)
Once there lived a donkey on a small island. Every day she walked around on the island looking for something to eat. Soon he got boring and thought of going to a new place. All his friends asked him not to do that, and he didn't pay any attention to their words. He swam to other island with green grass. In a few day, he became very fat. Fortunately, one day the donkey was caught by a farmer. He was made work hard day and night. In a rainy evening, he got an opportunity and fled from the farmer's house. He went back to a small island, and decided not to leave his friends again who have given him good advice.
答案与解析
1．she→he 考查代词。这里的he指donkey，下文都是用he指代它。
2．boring→bored 考查形容词。表达“感到厌烦”用bored，表达“令人厌烦”用boring。
3．and→but 考查逻辑关系。前后为转折关系，而不是并列关系。
4．other→another 考查代词。这里表达“另一个岛”，而other修饰的是复数名词。
5．day→days 考查名词的单复数形式。day前有a few修饰，因此用复数形式。
6．Fortunately→Unfortunately 考查副词。此处是对后面事情的评价，它被农夫抓住是一件不幸的事情。
7．work前加to 考查非谓语动词。表达“使；让”的部分动词，在主动语态中后面跟不带to的不定式作宾补，但是变成被动语态后，要把不定式符号加上。
8．In→On 考查介词。表达具体的某一天，或者某种天气的一天，介词用on，而不是用in。
9．a→the 考查冠词。small island是第二次提到，因此用定冠词。
10．have→had 考查时态。“提出好的建议”发生在decided动作以前，因此属于过去的过去，用过去完成时。
Ⅴ.书面表达
(2019·河北衡水中学检测)
假定你是李华，你校书法社将于本周末举行社团活动。作为书法社社长，你想邀请外教Mr Smith来参加活动。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．时间和地点；
2．内容——听讲座并参加中国书法体验活动。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：书法calligraphy
Dear_Mr_Smith，
I'm_writing_on_behalf_of_our_calligraphy_club_to_invite_you_to_come_to_the_Student_Activity_Center_for_some_activities_with_us_from_2：00_pm_to_5：00_pm_this_weekend.
Being_an_important_part_of_traditional_Chinese_culture,_calligraphy_serves_the_purpose_of_conveying_thoughts_and_showing_the_beauty_of_lines.
Not_only_is_it_a_practical_technique_for_writing_Chinese_characters,_but_it's_a_unique_art_form_to_purify_our_souls_as_well._You_will_enjoy_a_lecture_about_the_Chinese_calligraphy_and_appreciate_masterpieces_of_some_celebrities._After_that,_you_will_be_exposed_to_some_handson_activities.
Hopefully,_you_will_be_able_to_feel_the_beauty_and_power_of_Chinese_calligraphy._Looking_forward_to_your_reply!
Yours，
Li Hua
