九年级上册（2024）Unit 4 A better meSection 2 Exploring and applying rules (Grammar)当堂达标检测题

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一、学习目标
1. 能理解跨学科学术文本，获取关于青少年情绪变化的生物学解释
2. 能理解并运用跨学科词汇：md swing, mature, regulate, peer pressure
3. 能用英语讨论情绪管理策略，将生物学知识与个人生活联系起来
二、重点
• 情绪波动（md swings）的定义和生物学原因
• 大脑发育的不均衡性：情感区域发育早，控制区域发育晚
• 外部压力因素：学业压力、同伴压力、期望压力
三、难点
• 理解学术性长句中的因果关系表达
• 将生物学概念用英语准确表达
• 区分主要原因和次要原因
字词与词汇
学习支架
Causes f Md Swings in Teenagers
Key Crss-curricular Vcabulary
四、知识要点
1. What Are Md Swings?
Md swings are rapid (sudden and quick) changes in md. They are cmmn and nrmal fr teenagers. During the teenage years, a persn's md can change very quickly — frm happy t sad, frm calm t angry — ften withut an bvius reasn.
2. Bilgical Cause — Brain Develpment
During teenage years, different parts f the brain mature at different rates. The part respnsible fr emtins and feelings develps EARLY, while the part that regulates (cntrls) emtins develps LATER. This means teenagers tend t experience extreme emtins but are generally LESS able t manage thse emtins. This imbalance causes md swings.
3. External Causes — Pressure and Stress
In additin t bilgical causes, teenagers face many external pressures that cntribute t md swings:
- Study stress: exams, hmewrk, academic expectatins
- Peer pressure: pressure frm friends and classmates
- High expectatins frm teachers and parents
- Wrries abut the future: career, schl chices, life decisins
All these factrs play a rle in changing mds.
五、典型例题
【例1】
Read the text excerpt and answer:
'Md swings — rapid md change — are cmmn and nrmal fr teenagers. During teenage years, the parts f the brain mature at different rates. The part f the brain that is respnsible fr emtins and feelings develps early, while the part f the brain that regulates the cntrl f emtins develps later.'
(1) What are md swings?
(2) Why d md swings happen accrding t the text?
(3) Which part f the brain develps earlier?
同 步 练 习
Key Crss-curricular Vcabulary
★ 基础巩固
1. Read the passage and answer questins (1)-(5).
Md swings — rapid md change — are cmmn and nrmal fr teenagers. Teenagers experience md swings fr a number f reasns.
During teenage years, the parts f the brain mature at different rates. The part f the brain that is respnsible fr emtins and feelings develps early, while the part f the brain that regulates the cntrl f emtins develps later. As a result, teenagers tend t experience extreme emtins and are generally less able t manage their emtins. This causes md swings.
In additin, teenagers face a lt f pressure. Study stress, peer pressure, high expectatins frm teachers and parents, and wrries abut the future — all these things play a rle in their changing mds.
(1) What des 'md swings' mean?
A. A type f exercise
B. Rapid changes in md
C. A brain disease
D. A type f medicine
(2) Are md swings nrmal fr teenagers?
A. N, they are a sign f illness.
B. Yes, they are cmmn and nrmal.
C. Only fr girls.
D. Only fr bys.
(3) What happens t the brain during teenage years?
A. All parts develp at the same rate.
B. The brain stps develping.
C. Different parts mature at different rates.
D. Only the emtinal part develps.
(4) Which part f the brain develps earlier?
A. The part that cntrls emtins
B. The part respnsible fr emtins and feelings
C. The part that cntrls mvement
D. The part that cntrls memry
(5) What external factrs cntribute t md swings?
A. Only study stress
B. Only peer pressure
C. Study stress, peer pressure, high expectatins, and wrries abut the future
D. Nne f the abve
2. Match the wrds with their meanings. Fill in the blanks.
(1) 'mature' means t ______ (becme fully grwn/develped).
(2) 'regulate' means t ______ (cntrl/manage).
(3) 'peer' means a persn f the same ______ (age/grup).
(4) 'md swing' means a rapid ______ in md (change).
(5) 'manage emtins' means t ______ yur feelings (cntrl/handle).
(6) 'at different rates' means at different ______ (speeds).
3. Read the passage again and cmplete the cause-effect chart.
Causes f Md Swings:
Bilgical Causes:
(1) The emtinal part f the brain develps ______ (early/late).
(2) The cntrl part f the brain develps ______ (early/late).
(3) Result: teenagers experience ______ emtins but are ______ able t manage them.
External Causes:
(4) ______ stress — frm exams and hmewrk
(5) ______ pressure — frm friends and classmates
(6) High ______ frm teachers and parents
(7) ______ abut the future
4. Read each statement and decide if it is True (T) r False (F).
(1) Md swings nly happen t adults.
(2) All parts f the brain develp at the same speed during teenage years.
(3) The emtinal part f the brain develps befre the cntrl part.
(4) Peer pressure has nthing t d with md swings.
(5) Teenagers can learn t manage their emtins better ver time.
(6) Study stress is ne f the external causes f md swings.
5. Cmplete the summary using wrds frm the text.
Md swings are r______(1) md changes. They are c______(2) and n______(3) fr teenagers. One reasn is that the brain parts m______(4) at different r______(5). The emtinal part d______(6) early, but the p______(7) that r______(8) emtins develps l______(9). Teenagers als face p______(10) frm study, peers, and parents.
6. Chse the crrect answer.
Which subject area des this text mainly cnnect t?
A. Histry B. Bilgical science C. Gegraphy D. Music
★★ 能力提升
7. Read the text and answer.
In additin t bilgical causes, there are ther reasns fr md swings. Study stress is a majr factr — teenagers face exams, hmewrk deadlines, and cmpetitin fr gd grades. Peer pressure is anther: teenagers want t fit in with their friends and may feel stressed abut their appearance, behaviur, r chices. High expectatins frm teachers and parents add t the pressure. Finally, wrries abut the future — which schl t attend, what career t chse — can make teenagers feel anxius and verwhelmed.
(1) What des 'in additin t' mean?
A. Instead f B. Besides / Als C. Because f D. In spite f
(2) What is a 'majr factr' in md swings accrding t this paragraph?
A. Eating t much B. Study stress C. Watching TV D. Sleeping t much
(3) What des 'peer pressure' refer t?
A. Pressure frm parents
B. Pressure frm teachers
C. Pressure frm peple f the same age
D. Pressure frm yunger children
(4) What des the wrd 'verwhelmed' suggest abut teenagers?
A. They feel happy and excited.
B. They feel unable t cpe with everything.
C. They feel bred.
D. They feel angry at their parents.
8. Chse the best answer.
(1) Why can't teenagers manage their emtins well?
A. Because they dn't want t.
B. Because the brain part that cntrls emtins develps later than the emtinal part.
C. Because their parents dn't teach them.
D. Because they watch t much TV.
(2) What des 'As a result' mean in the text?
A. Fr example
B. Because f this / Therefre
C. Hwever
D. In additin
(3) The wrd 'tend t' in the text means:
A. always d
B. never d
C. are likely t / usually d
D. refuse t
9. Cmplete the sentences using wrds frm the text.
(1) During teenage years, the parts f the brain ______ at different rates.
(2) The part f the brain that is ______ fr emtins develps early.
(3) The part that ______ the cntrl f emtins develps later.
(4) As a ______, teenagers experience extreme emtins.
(5) Teenagers are generally less able t ______ their emtins.
(6) Study stress, peer pressure, and high ______ all play a ______ in changing mds.
(7) Peer ______ is ne f the external causes f md swings.
10. Based n what yu've learned, answer the questins in cmplete sentences.
(1) What causes md swings in teenagers accrding t the text?
(2) D yu think there are mre reasns fr md swings? What are they?
(3) What can teenagers d t manage their emtins better? Give at least TWO suggestins.
11. Based n the text, which f the fllwing is the BEST way t deal with md swings?
A. Ignre them cmpletely.
B. Understand the bilgical cause and learn cping strategies.
C. Stp ging t schl.
D. Blame yur parents.
★★★ 拓展延伸
12. Write a shrt paragraph (60-80 wrds) giving advice t a teenager wh is experiencing md swings. Use the bilgical infrmatin frm the text t explain WHY md swings happen, then give practical suggestins.
Start with: 'Dear friend, md swings are cmpletely nrmal. Here's why...'
Use at least 3 wrds frm the lessn: mature, regulate, peer pressure, manage, emtin, rate.
单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
md swing
/muːd swɪŋ/
n.
情绪波动
Md swings are cmmn and nrmal fr teenagers.
mature
/məˈtʃʊə(r)/
v.
成熟
The parts f the brain mature at different rates.
regulate
/ˈreɡjuleɪt/
v.
控制；调节
The brain regulates the cntrl f emtins.
peer
/pɪə(r)/
n.
同龄人
Peer pressure affects many teenagers.
emtin
/ɪˈməʊʃn/
n.
情感；情绪
Teenagers experience extreme emtins.
rate
/reɪt/
n.
速率；速度
The parts f the brain mature at different rates.
manage
/ˈmænɪdʒ/
v.
管理；应对
Teenagers are less able t manage their emtins.
Cause
Type
Explanatin
Brain develpment — emtinal part matures early
Bilgical
The part f the brain respnsible fr emtins develps befre the cntrl part
Brain develpment — cntrl part matures later
Bilgical
The part that regulates emtins develps later, s teens can't manage emtins well
Study stress
External
Pressure frm exams, hmewrk, and academic expectatins
Peer pressure
External
Pressure frm friends and classmates t fit in
High expectatins frm teachers and parents
External
Adults expect t much, causing wrry and stress
Wrries abut the future
External
Uncertainty abut career, schl, and life chices
Wrd
Meaning
Subject
Example
md swing
情绪波动
Bilgy/Psychlgy
Md swings are cmmn fr teenagers.
mature
成熟
Bilgy
The parts f the brain mature at different rates.
regulate
控制；调节
Bilgy
The brain regulates the cntrl f emtins.
peer pressure
同伴压力
Psychlgy
Peer pressure affects teenagers' decisins.
emtin
情感；情绪
Bilgy/Psychlgy
Teenagers experience extreme emtins.
manage emtins
管理情绪
Psychlgy
Teens are less able t manage their emtins.
Wrd
Meaning
Subject
Example
md swing
情绪波动
Bilgy/Psychlgy
Md swings are cmmn fr teenagers.
mature
成熟
Bilgy
The parts f the brain mature at different rates.
regulate
控制；调节
Bilgy
The brain regulates the cntrl f emtins.
peer pressure
同伴压力
Psychlgy
Peer pressure affects teenagers' decisins.
emtin
情感；情绪
Bilgy/Psychlgy
Teenagers experience extreme emtins.
manage emtins
管理情绪
Psychlgy
Teens are less able t manage their emtins.