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      2024版人教版八年级上册英语Unit1-Unit8词形变专项练含答案

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      2024版人教版八年级上册英语Unit1-Unit8词形变专项练含答案

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      这是一份2024版人教版八年级上册英语Unit1-Unit8词形变专项练含答案
      Unit 1 Happy Holiday学一学重点词汇词形变化1. camp → camping (n. 露营活动) 2. strange → stranger (n. 陌生人) → strangely (adv. 奇怪地) 3. breath → breathe (v. 呼吸) → breathing (n. 呼吸动作) 4. especially → especial (adj. 特别的) 5. scenery → scenic (adj. 风景优美的) → scenically (adv. 风景优美地) 6. scarf → scarves/scarfs (复数) 7. comfortable → comfort (n. 舒适) → comfortably (adv. 舒适地) → uncomfortable (adj. 不舒服的) 8. bored → bore (v. 使厌烦) → boring (adj. 令人厌烦的) 9. enjoy → enjoyable (adj. 令人愉快的) → enjoyment (n. 乐趣) 10. relax → relaxing (adj. 令人放松的) → relaxation (n. 放松) 练一练一、词形变化填空练习camp → __________________ (n. 露营活动)strange → ________________ (n. 陌生人); strange → _________________ (adv. 奇怪地)breath → ____________________ (v. 呼吸); breath →____________________ (n. 呼吸动作)especially → ____________________ (adj. 特别的)scenery → ____________________ (adj. 风景优美的);scenery →____________________ (adv. 风景优美地)scarf →____________________ /____________________ (复数)comfortable →____________________ (n. 舒适);comfortable →____________________ (adv. 舒适地);comfortable → ____________________ (adj. 不舒服的)bored →____________________ (v. 使厌烦); bored →____________________ (adj. 令人厌烦的)enjoy →____________________ (adj. 令人愉快的); enjoy → ____________________ (n. 乐趣)relax →____________________ (adj. 令人放松的); relax → ____________________ (n. 放松)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺。We are planning to go __________ (camp) with our classmates next weekend.A __________ (strange) came to our door and asked for directions to the nearest bank.She looked at me __________ (strange) when I told her the unexpected news.You should __________ (breath) deeply before making an important decision to calm down.The doctor told him to pay attention to his __________ (breath) because he has a slight cough.This is an __________ (especial) important meeting, so everyone must be on time.The small town is famous for its __________ (scenery) views of mountains and lakes.My mother bought two new __________ (scarf) for me—one red and one blue.The old armchair in the living room is so __________ (comfort) that I often fall asleep in it.After a long day of work, she likes to listen to __________ (relax) music to reduce stress.breath strange relax comfortable camp(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空My family usually goes __________ by the lake every summer because we all love outdoor activities.When the little girl saw a __________waiting for her at the school gate, she ran back to ask her teacher for help.After running 800 meters, Tom stopped to __________ heavily—his face turned red from tiredness.The new sofa in our living room is much more __________than the old one; I can sit on it for hours reading books.Listening to soft piano music is a good way to get __________after finishing a whole day’s study.三、词形变化应用进阶练camp strange breath especially scenery scarf comfortable bored enjoy relax阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空Last weekend, my class had a special outdoor activity—we went __________ (1) by a small river. The weather was perfect, and the __________ (2) along the river was amazing. Green trees and colorful flowers were everywhere, making the place look so beautiful.When we arrived, some classmates set up tents while others prepared food. I shared a tent with my best friend. Inside, we put soft blankets to make it __________ (3) to sleep in. In the afternoon, we played games together. One game was "Guess Who," and it was so funny that no one felt __________ (4) at all.As the sun went down, we sat around the campfire and told stories. A classmate even brought a guitar and played soft songs. The music was so __________ (5) that everyone felt calm after a busy day. When I looked up at the stars, I took a deep __________ (6) and felt so lucky to be with my friends.Before going to bed, my teacher gave each of us a warm __________ (7) because the night was a little cold. I put it on and felt very warm. The next morning, we walked along the river bank. The path was __________ (8) beautiful in the early sunlight—everything seemed to shine.This trip was one of the most __________ (9) experiences I’ve had this year. It not only let me get close to nature but also helped me __________ (10) from school pressure. I hope we can have more activities like this in the future!Unit 2 Home Sweet Home学一学 重点词汇词形变化bathroom (n. 浴室;洗手间) → bath (n. 浴缸;洗澡) → bathe (v. 洗澡)invite (v. 邀请) → invitation (n. 邀请函)arrive (v. 到达) → arrival (n. 到达) → arrived (v. 到达,过去式)add (v. 添加) → addition (n. 添加) → additional (adj. 额外的)decorate (v. 装饰) → decoration (n. 装饰) → decorative (adj. 装饰性的)balcony (n. 阳台) → balconies (n. 阳台,复数)community (n. 社区) → communities (n. 社区,复数)describe (v. 描述) → description (n. 描述) → described (v. 描述,过去式)fresh (adj. 新鲜的) → freshly (adv. 新鲜地) → freshness (n. 新鲜)joy (n. 喜悦) → joyful (adj. 快乐的) → joyfully (adv. 快乐地)练一练一、词形变化填空练习bathroom → ________________ (n. 浴缸;洗澡);bathroom → ________________ (v. 洗澡)invite → ________________ (n. 邀请函)arrive → ________________ (n. 到达);arrive → ________________ (v. 到达,过去式)add → ________________ (n. 添加);add → ________________ (adj. 额外的)decorate → ________________ (n. 装饰);decorate → ________________ (adj. 装饰性的)balcony → ________________ (n. 阳台,复数)community → ________________ (n. 社区,复数)describe → ________________ (n. 描述);describe → ________________ (v. 描述,过去式)fresh → ________________ (adv. 新鲜地);fresh → ________________ (n. 新鲜)joy → ________________ (adj. 快乐的);joy → ________________ (adv. 快乐地)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺。My little sister likes to take a warm __________ (bath) before going to bed every night.Lucy received an __________ (invite) to her cousin’s birthday party and decided to buy a gift.We waited for the __________ (arrive) of the school bus at the stop for ten minutes this morning.The teacher asked us to write an __________ (addition) paragraph to make our composition more detailed.The students made paper flowers and colorful balloons as __________ (decorate) for the classroom New Year party.There are two __________ (balcony) in our new house, and we can grow some small plants on them.People in these small __________ (community) often share food and help each other during festivals.Can you give a clear __________ (describe) of the person who helped you pick up your lost bag?The baker sells __________ (fresh) made bread every morning, so it’s always popular with neighbors.Everyone in the family felt __________ (joy) when we heard the good news that my grandma recovered.(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空 community bath describe invite decorateAfter playing basketball for an hour, Tom went home to take a __________ to relax himself.Our class will hold a reading party next week, and we plan to __________ our favorite author to share stories.Last weekend, my parents and I __________ the living room with red lanterns and paper cuts for the Spring Festival.Volunteers in our __________ clean the park every Saturday to keep the environment tidy.The little girl tried to __________ her new pet rabbit to her friends, saying it has white fur and long ears.三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空bath invite arrive add decorate balcony community describe fresh joyLast month, my family moved to a new house in a friendly __________ (1). The house is bigger than our old one, and it has two sunny __________ (2). We put some potted flowers on one balcony, and they look very beautiful in the sun.Before moving, we spent a day packing our things. My mom prepared a small bag of snacks for me, and I helped her clean the __________ (3) to make sure it was tidy. On the moving day, we waited for my aunt’s __________ (4) at the door. When she arrived with a basket of __________ (5) fruits, we all smiled happily.After settling in, we started to __________ (6) our new home. I helped my dad hang colorful posters in my bedroom, and my mom bought some __________ (7) lights for the living room. We also decided to __________ (8) a small bookshelf in the study to hold our favorite books.Yesterday, we held a small party and __________ (9) our new neighbors. They brought delicious homemade cakes and shared interesting stories about the community. Everyone talked and laughed, and the room was filled with __________ (10). I love my new home, and I’m glad to make new friends here!Unit 3 Same or Different学一学 重点词汇词形变化compare (v. 比较) → comparative (adj. 比较的) → comparison (n. 比较)shy (adj. 害羞的) → shyly (adv. 害羞地) → shyness (n. 害羞)perform (v. 表演) → performance (n. 表演) → performer (n. 表演者)solve (v. 解决) → solution (n. 解决办法) → solved (v. 解决,过去式)interest (n./v. 兴趣;对…… 感兴趣) → interested (adj. 感兴趣的) → interesting (adj. 有趣的)difference (n. 差异) → different (adj. 不同的)humour/humor (n. 幽默;幽默感) → humorous (adj. 幽默的)honest (adj. 诚实的) → honesty (n. 诚实;正直) → dishonest (adj. 不诚实的)similarity (n. 相似之处) → similar (adj. 相似的) → similarly (adv. 相似地)expect (v. 预料;期待) → expectation (n. 期待;预期) → unexpected (adj. 想不到的;出乎意料的)练一练一、词形变化填空练习compare → ________________ (adj. 比较的);compare → ________________ (n. 比较)shy → ________________ (adv. 害羞地);shy → ________________ (n. 害羞)perform → ________________ (n. 表演);perform → ________________ (n. 表演者)solve → ________________ (n. 解决办法);solve → ________________ (v. 解决,过去式)interest → ________________ (adj. 感兴趣的);interest → ________________ (adj. 有趣的)difference → ________________ (adj. 不同的)humour/humor → ________________ (adj. 幽默的)honest → ________________ (n. 诚实;正直);honest → ________________ (adj. 不诚实的)similarity → ________________ (adj. 相似的);similarity → ________________ (adv. 相似地)expect → ________________ (n. 期待;预期);expect → ________________ (adj. 想不到的;出乎意料的)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺。The teacher asked us to make a __________ (compare) between the two poems and find their differences.The little girl spoke __________ (shy) when she introduced herself in front of the whole class.The singer’s __________ (perform) at the concert last night was amazing, and the audience cheered loudly.After thinking for a long time, Tom finally found a __________ (solve) to the difficult math problem.My brother is __________ (interest) in space science, so he often reads books about planets.There are many __________ (different) between the two cities, such as weather and culture.Mr. Li is a __________ (humour) teacher; his classes are always full of laughter.We should always tell the truth because __________ (honest) is the most important quality for a person.The two brothers look very __________ (similar), and even their friends can’t tell them apart sometimes.The __________ (expect) rain ruined our plan to have a picnic in the park this weekend.(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空solve interest perform honest compare Before buying a new phone, my dad likes to __________ the functions and prices of different brands.A group of students will __________ a short play about environmental protection at the school party.If you have trouble with your homework, you can ask your teacher for help to __________ the problem.This book about ocean life is so __________ that I read it from cover to cover in one day.It’s important to be __________ with your parents; they will understand you if you tell them the truth.三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空compare shy perform solve interest difference humorous honest similar expectLast week, our class held a "Talent Show" to show our different skills. Before the show, we talked about the __________ (1) between our talents—some of us liked singing, while others preferred dancing.My best friend Lily is a little __________ (2), but she decided to play the piano. When she walked onto the stage, she took a deep breath and started playing. Her __________ (3) was so beautiful that everyone clapped loudly. After the show, I told her I was __________ (4) in learning to play the piano too, and she promised to teach me.Our classmate Mike is a __________ (5) boy. He told funny stories that made everyone laugh. Many students said his stories were more interesting than mine, but I didn’t mind—I knew we all had our own strengths.During the show, a small problem happened: the microphone didn’t work. But our teacher helped us __________ (6) it quickly. This __________ (7) problem didn’t stop us from enjoying the show.At the end of the show, the teacher asked us to __________ (8) our feelings. We all agreed that it was a great experience. We also learned that being __________ (9) with each other and respecting our differences is important. Although we have many __________ (10), we are like a big family. I hope we can have more activities like this in the future!Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals学一学重点词汇词形变化fold (v. 折叠) → folding (adj. 折叠式的;可折叠的) → unfold (v. 展开)popular (adj. 流行的;受欢迎的) → unpopular (adj. 不受欢迎的) → popularity (n. 流行,受欢迎)appear (v. 出现) → disappear (v. 消失,反义词) → appearance (n. 出现;外貌)weigh (v. 称重) → weight (n. 体重)connect (v. 关联;链接) → connected (adj. 连接的) → connection (n. 联系)imagine (v. 想象) → imagination (n. 想象力) → imaginary (adj. 想象中的)disappoint (v. 使失望) → disappointed (adj. 失望的,修饰人) → disappointing (adj. 令人失望的,修饰物)protect (v. 保护) → protection (n. 保护) → protective (adj. 防护的;保护的)important (adj. 重要的) → importance (n. 重要性)live (v. 居住;存在;生活;adj. 活的;现场直播的) → lively (adj. 活泼的,生机勃勃的) → alive (adj. 活着的)练一练一、词形变化填空练习fold → ________________ (adj. 折叠式的;可折叠的);fold → ________________ (v. 展开)popular → ________________ (adj. 不受欢迎的);popular → ________________ (n. 流行,受欢迎)appear → ________________ (v. 消失,反义词);appear → ________________ (n. 出现;外貌)weigh → ________________ (n. 体重)connect → ________________ (adj. 连接的);connect → ________________ (n. 联系)imagine → ________________ (n. 想象力);imagine → ________________ (adj. 想象中的)disappoint → ________________ (adj. 失望的,修饰人);disappoint → ________________ (adj. 令人失望的,修饰物)protect → ________________ (n. 保护);protect → ________________ (adj. 防护的;保护的)important → ________________ (n. 重要性)live → ________________ (adj. 活泼的,生机勃勃的);live → ________________ (adj. 活着的)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺。My mom bought a __________ (fold) chair for our picnic, so it’s easy to carry in the bag.This kind of music was very popular in the 1990s, but its __________ (popular) has decreased recently.The stars __________ (appear) in the sky as soon as the sun went down, making the night very beautiful.The doctor told me to __________ (weigh) myself every week to keep track of my body changes.We need to __________ (connect) the computer to the Internet before we can search for information.Children have rich __________ (imagine); they can think of many wonderful stories.Lucy was __________ (disappoint) when she didn’t get the concert ticket she had waited for.We should take action to provide better __________ (protect) for the endangered animals in the forest.Teachers always tell us the __________ (important) of reading— it can help us gain more knowledge.The little bird looked __________ (live) after we gave it some water and seeds.(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空imagine popular fold protect appearBefore putting the map back into the bag, you should __________ it neatly to avoid creases.This park is very __________ among families on weekends because it has a big playground for kids.The moon __________ behind the clouds suddenly, and the garden became dark.Local people set up a fence around the old tree to __________ it from being cut down.Can you __________ what our city will be like in 50 years? I think it will be more beautiful and modern.三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空fold popular appear weigh connect imagine disappoint protect important liveLast month, my class went on a field trip to a botanical garden. It’s a very __________ (1) place for students because we can learn about many plants and animals there.When we arrived, the guide gave each of us a __________ (2) map. She told us to unfold it carefully and follow the route. Along the way, we saw colorful peonies and beautiful lotuses—their __________ (3) made the garden look like a painting. We also saw some small animals, like butterflies. The guide said we must __________ (4) them and not disturb their lives.Later, we visited a lab. The scientist there taught us how to __________ (5) a small seed and explained the __________ (6) of water and sunlight for plant growth. She also asked us to __________ (7) how the seed would grow in different environments. It was very interesting!In the afternoon, we planned to watch a bird show, but it was canceled because of rain. We felt a little __________ (8), but the guide took us to a greenhouse instead. Inside, we saw many __________ (9) plants that only grow in warm places. We even learned how plants __________ (10) with each other through their roots.This trip taught me a lot about nature. I realized that every living thing is important, and we should always try to protect our environment.Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal!学一学重点词汇词形变化mix (n.&v. 混合;混合料) → mixed (adj. 混合的) → mixture (n. 混合物)bake (v. 烘焙) → baker (n. 烘焙师) → bakery (n. 面包店)simple (adj. 简单的) → simply (adv. 仅仅;不过,只是)instruction (n. 说明书;操作指南) → instruct (v. 指导) → instructor (n. 教练;(大学) 讲师;导师)mess (n. 脏乱;凌乱) → messy (adj. 混乱的)memory (n. 回忆;记忆) → memories (n. 回忆,复数) → memorable (adj. 难忘的;值得纪念的)sweet (adj. 甜的;甜蜜的) → sweetness (n. 甜;芬芳;愉快)potato (n. 土豆) → potatoes (n. 土豆,复数)tomato (n. 西红柿) → tomatoes (n. 西红柿,复数)luck (n. 运气) → lucky (adj. 幸运的) → luckily (adv. 幸运地)练一练一、词形变化填空练习mix → ________________ (adj. 混合的);mix → ________________ (n. 混合物)bake → ________________ (n. 烘焙师);bake → ________________ (n. 面包店)simple → ________________ (adv. 仅仅;不过,只是)instruction → ________________ (v. 指导);instruction → ________________ (n. 教练;(大学) 讲师;导师)mess → ________________ (adj. 混乱的)memory → ________________ (n. 回忆,复数);memory → ________________ (adj. 难忘的;值得纪念的)sweet → ________________ (n. 甜;芬芳;愉快)potato → ________________ (n. 土豆,复数)tomato → ________________ (n. 西红柿,复数)luck → ________________ (adj. 幸运的);luck → ________________ (adv. 幸运地)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺。My mom poured milk into the flour and stirred to make a smooth __________ (mix).The __________ (bake) at the corner bakery makes the most delicious bread in our neighborhood.Making a fruit salad is __________ (simple) a matter of cutting fruits and mixing them together.You should read the __________ (instruction) carefully before using the new blender.After the birthday party, the living room was in a __________ (mess) with paper plates and balloons everywhere.My grandma often shares her childhood __________ (memory) with me, and they always make me laugh.The __________ (sweet) of the fresh strawberries makes them a popular snack in summer.We need to buy five __________ (potato) and two __________ (tomato) to make vegetable soup.__________ (luck), we arrived at the restaurant on time and got the last available table.The cooking class was a __________ (memorable) experience—I learned to make my favorite dish.(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空mess simple mix bake luckBefore making the cake, you need to __________ the eggs, sugar and flour well.My aunt works as a __________ in a big restaurant; she bakes cakes and cookies every day.This recipe is so __________ that even a beginner can follow it to make delicious noodles.Don’t leave your toys on the floor—they will make the room a __________.__________, it didn’t rain on our picnic day, so we enjoyed the meal in the park happily.三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空mix bake simple instruction mess memory sweet potato tomato luckLast Sunday, my family decided to make a big dinner together. My mom said it would be a __________ (1) way to create happy __________ (2) for all of us.First, we went to the market to buy ingredients. We picked fresh __________ (3) and __________ (4)—they looked bright red and full of vitality. On the way back, we passed a small __________ (5) and bought a loaf of warm bread for starters.When we got home, my dad volunteered to make salad. He cut the vegetables and __________ (6) them with olive oil and vinegar. The salad tasted fresh and had just the right amount of __________ (7) from the tomatoes. My mom followed the __________ (8) on the recipe to make steak. I helped her wash the dishes while waiting for the steak to cook.Everything was going well until my little brother knocked over a bowl of sauce. The table became a __________ (9), but we all laughed and cleaned it up together. __________ (10), the steak still turned out delicious.After dinner, we sat around the table and talked about the day. I felt so happy to cook and eat with my family. This meal was not just delicious, but also full of love. I hope we can do this more often!Unit 6 Plan for Yourself学一学重点词汇词形变化engineer (n. 工程师;技师) → engineering (n. 工程学;工程)fashion (n. 时装业;时尚) → fashionable (adj. 时髦的;时尚的)design (n. 设计;设计方案;v. 设计) → designer (n. 设计师)direct (v. 指导;指挥;adj. 直接的) → director (n. 导演;主任) → direction (n. 方向)achieve (v. 达到;完成) → achievement (n. 完成;实现)confident (adj. 自信的;肯定的) → confidence (n. 自信;信心)organize/organise (v. 组织) → organized/organised (adj. 有条理的;有组织的) → organization/organisation (n. 组织)wise (adj. 明智的) → wisely (adv. 聪明地;明智地) → wisdom (n. 智慧)decide (v. 决定) → decision (n. 决定)improve (v. 改善) → improvement (n. 提升;改善)练一练一、词形变化填空练习engineer → ________________ (n. 工程学;工程)fashion → ________________ (adj. 时髦的;时尚的)design → ________________ (n. 设计师)direct → ________________ (n. 导演;主任);direct → ________________ (n. 方向)achieve → ________________ (n. 完成;实现)confident → ________________ (n. 自信;信心)organize/organise → ________________ (adj. 有条理的;有组织的);organize/organise → ________________ (n. 组织)wise → ________________ (adv. 聪明地;明智地);wise → ________________ (n. 智慧)decide → ________________ (n. 决定)improve → ________________ (n. 提升;改善)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺。My uncle works as an __________ (engineer) in a car factory, and he often helps design new car parts.This brand of clothes is very __________ (fashion) among teenagers because of its unique styles.The famous __________ (design) will hold a fashion show in our city next month, and many stars will attend.Can you tell me the __________ (direct) to the nearest library? I’m new here and can’t find my way.Winning the national math competition was a great __________ (achieve) for Tom, and his parents were very proud of him.With the support of her teachers and friends, Lisa gained more __________ (confident) to speak in front of the class.Our class monitor is very __________ (organize); she always plans our group activities clearly and neatly.You should think __________ (wise) before making an important decision, or you may regret it later.After a long discussion, our family finally made a __________ (decide) to go to the beach for this year’s summer vacation.Practicing speaking English every day will lead to great __________ (improve) in your oral English skills.(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空design confident achieve engineer fashionMy cousin studied __________ in college, and now he builds bridges and roads for the city.This new style of shoes is in __________ this year—you can see many people wearing them on the street.The architect spent three months __________ the new school building, making sure it’s safe and beautiful.Through hard work and persistence, Mary __________ her dream of becoming a doctor last year.The more you practice public speaking, the more __________ you will become when talking to a big crowd.三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空engineer fashion design direct achieve confident organize wise decide improveEveryone has dreams for the future, and making a good plan helps us achieve them. Last week, our class had a "Future Career" discussion, and I shared my plan with my classmates.I want to be a __________ (1) when I grow up. I’m interested in building things that make people’s lives easier, so I plan to study __________ (2) in college. To prepare for this, I’m trying to improve my math and physics grades—my teacher said these subjects are very important for this career.My best friend Lucy loves clothes and wants to work in the __________ (3) industry. She hopes to be a __________ (4) who creates beautiful and comfortable clothes. She’s already learning to draw __________ (5) for dresses in her free time, and her works look really amazing.During the discussion, our teacher told us to set small goals first, as they can help us gain __________ (6) step by step. For example, if we want to __________ (7) a big dream, we can start with daily tasks like reading related books or practicing skills. She also advised us to __________ (8) our time wisely—don’t spend too much time on games, but use it to learn new things.After the discussion, I made a __________ (9) to keep a weekly plan notebook. I’ll write down my goals and check if I’ve made __________ (10) each week. I believe that with a clear plan and hard work, I can make my dream come true one day!Unit 7 When Tomorrow Comes学一学重点词汇词形变化prediction (n. 预测;预言) → predict (v. 预测)bad (adj. 差的;坏的) → worse (adj. 更糟的,比较级) → worst (adj. 最糟糕的,最高级) → badly (adv. 坏地;差地)positive (adj. 乐观的;积极的) → positively (adv. 乐观地) → negative (adj. 消极的;负面的,反义词)efficient (adj. 效率高的;有功效的) → efficiently (adv. 高效率地) → efficiency (n. 效率)education (n. 教育) → educate (v. 教育) → educational (adj. 有教育意义的) → educator (n. 教育家)win (v. 赢得;获胜) → won (v. 赢得,过去式) → winner (n. 优胜者;成功者)service (n. 服务) → serve (v. 为…… 服务)challenge (v.&n. 挑战) → challenging (adj. 挑战性的)create (v. 创造) → creative (adj. 有创造力的) → creativity (n. 创造力)possible (adj. 可能的) → possibly (adv. 可能地) → impossible (adj. 不可能的,反义词)练一练一、词形变化填空练习prediction → ________________ (v. 预测)bad → ________________ (adj. 更糟的,比较级);bad → ________________ (adj. 最糟糕的,最高级);bad → ________________ (adv. 坏地;差地)positive → ________________ (adv. 乐观地);positive → ________________ (adj. 消极的;负面的,反义词)efficient → ________________ (adv. 高效率地);efficient → ________________ (n. 效率)education → ________________ (v. 教育);education → ________________ (adj. 有教育意义的);education → ________________ (n. 教育家)win → ________________ (v. 赢得,过去式);win → ________________ (n. 优胜者;成功者)service → ________________ (v. 为…… 服务)challenge → ________________ (adj. 挑战性的)create → ________________ (adj. 有创造力的);create → ________________ (n. 创造力)possible → ________________ (adv. 可能地);possible → ________________ (adj. 不可能的,反义词)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺。The weather report made a __________ (predict) that it will rain heavily tomorrow, so we need to take umbrellas.This year’s exam is much __________ (bad) than last year’s—many students said they couldn’t finish it on time.We should take a __________ (positive) attitude towards difficulties instead of giving up easily.This new machine works more __________ (efficient) than the old one; it saves us a lot of time.The government is trying to improve the quality of __________ (educate) in rural areas to help more children go to school.Lisa __________ (win) the first prize in the English speech contest last week, and her parents held a small party for her.The hotel provides 24-hour room __________ (service), so guests can call for help at any time.Climbing this high mountain is a __________ (challenge) task, but we all believe we can make it.Children are born with __________ (create); parents should encourage them to try new things.It’s __________ (possible) to finish this big project in just three days—we need more time and help.(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空positive bad challenge service predictCan you __________ what our city will be like in 10 years? I think there will be more green parks.The weather got __________ in the afternoon— the rain turned into a storm, so we had to stay indoors.My teacher always tells us to stay __________ even when we fail exams, because practice makes perfect.This restaurant is famous for its delicious food and good __________; many people come here every weekend.Learning a new language is a __________, but if you practice every day, you will make progress soon.三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空predict bad positive efficient education win service challenge create possibleLast week, our school held a "Future Life" speech contest. Many students talked about their ideas for the future, and it was a very interesting event.The first speaker talked about how technology will make our lives more __________ (1). She said robots will help us do housework, and we will have more time to do things we love. She also __________ (2) that people will work from home more often in the future.Another speaker shared her thoughts on __________ (3). She said schools will use more interesting tools to make classes __________ (4) and fun. She hopes to become an __________ (5) when she grows up, to help more children get a good education.The contest was full of __________ (6). Every speaker tried their best to show their ideas. Finally, Tom __________ (7) the first prize. His speech was about staying __________ (8) when facing difficulties in the future. He said even if things get __________ (9), we should never lose hope.After the contest, our teacher told us that nothing is __________ (10) if we work hard. We all agreed that the contest not only let us share ideas but also inspired us to think more about our future. I hope we can have more events like this to help us grow!Unit 8 Let's Communicate!学一学重点词汇词形变化communication (n. 表达;交流) → communicate (v. 交流;沟通)speak (v. 说) → speaker (n. 说话者;发言者) → spoken (adj. 口语的)argue (v. 争论;争吵) → argument (n. 争论;争吵)prefer (v. 较喜欢) → preference (n. 喜好;偏好)express (v. 表达) → expression (n. 表达方式;表达)difficult (adj. 困难的) → difficulty (n. 困难;难题)serious (adj. 严肃的;严重的;认真的) → seriously (adv. 严肃地;认真地) → seriousness (n. 严重;认真;严肃)care (v. 照顾;照料;n. 关心) → careful (adj. 认真的;谨慎的) → carefully (adv. 仔细地;认真地) → careless (adj. 粗心的)polite (adj. 礼貌的) → politely (adv. 礼貌地) → impolite (adj. 不礼貌的;粗鲁的) → impolitely (adv. 不礼貌地)understand (v. 理解;了解) → misunderstanding (n. 误会) → misunderstand (v. 误解) → understanding (n. 理解;领会)练一练一、词形变化填空练习communication → ________________ (v. 交流;沟通)speak → ________________ (n. 说话者;发言者);speak → ________________ (adj. 口语的)argue → ________________ (n. 争论;争吵)prefer → ________________ (n. 喜好;偏好)express → ________________ (n. 表达方式;表达)difficult → ________________ (n. 困难;难题)serious → ________________ (adv. 严肃地;认真地);serious → ________________ (n. 严重;认真;严肃)care → ________________ (adj. 认真的;谨慎的);care → ________________ (adv. 仔细地;认真地);care → ________________ (adj. 粗心的)polite → ________________ (adv. 礼貌地);polite → ________________ (adj. 不礼貌的;粗鲁的)understand → ________________ (n. 误会);understand → ________________ (v. 误解);understand → ________________ (n. 理解;领会)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺。Good __________ (communicate) between parents and children can help solve many family problems.The __________ (speak) at the meeting shared many useful ideas about environmental protection.Tom and his brother had an __________ (argue) about which TV show to watch last night, but they made up soon.My little sister has a __________ (prefer) for sweet food—she likes cakes and candies best.The artist used bright colors to __________ (express) his love for his hometown in the painting.We should try our best to overcome the __________ (difficult) we meet in our study instead of giving up.The teacher told us to take the exam __________ (serious) and not to cheat in any way.Please read the instructions __________ (careful) before using the new mobile phone to avoid mistakes.It’s __________ (polite) to interrupt others when they are speaking; we should wait until they finish.I __________ (understand) her words yesterday, but later she explained and we cleared up the mistake.(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空argue care speak polite communicateMy parents often talk with me to __________ their thoughts, so we have a good relationship.English __________ skills are very important—we need to practice speaking every day to improve them.Don’t __________ with your friends over small things; it will hurt your friendship.The little boy is very __________; he always forgets to bring his homework to school.When asking for help, we should speak __________ to show our respect to others.三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空communicate speak argue prefer express difficult serious care polite understandCommunication is an important part of our daily life. It helps us share ideas and get along with others. Last week, our class had a "Good Communication" theme activity, and we learned a lot from it.First, the teacher asked us to practice __________ (1) with our partners. We talked about our hobbies and __________ (2). My partner said she __________ (3) reading books, while I like playing sports. We listened to each other carefully and didn’t __________ (4) at all.Then, we did a __________ (5) task: we had to __________ (6) our feelings through body language. It was not easy, and some of us had __________ (7) in making others understand. For example, I wanted to show "happy," but my partner __________ (8) it as "sad" at first. Later, we explained and cleared up the mistake.During the activity, the teacher told us to be __________ (9) when talking to others. She said it’s __________ (10) to listen more and speak less, and we should take others’ ideas __________ (11). She also reminded us not to be __________ (12) —small mistakes in communication are normal, and we can fix them with patience.This activity made me realize that good communication needs practice and respect. I will use what I learned to get along better with my family and friends!UNIT1 词形变专项练 参考答案与解析一、词形变化填空练习1. camp → camping (n. 露营活动) 2. strange → stranger (n. 陌生人) → strangely (adv. 奇怪地) 3. breath → breathe (v. 呼吸) → breathing (n. 呼吸动作) 4. especially → especial (adj. 特别的) 5. scenery → scenic (adj. 风景优美的) → scenically (adv. 风景优美地) 6. scarf → scarves/scarfs (复数) 7. comfortable → comfort (n. 舒适) → comfortably (adv. 舒适地) → uncomfortable (adj. 不舒服的) 8. bored → bore (v. 使厌烦) → boring (adj. 令人厌烦的) 9. enjoy → enjoyable (adj. 令人愉快的) → enjoyment (n. 乐趣) 10. relax → relaxing (adj. 令人放松的) → relaxation (n. 放松) 二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺camping;2. stranger;3. strangely;4. breathe;5. breathing;6. especial;7. scenic;8. scarves/scarfs;9. comfortable;10. relaxingcamping 【解析】句意:我们计划下周末和同学们去露营。本题考查动词 “camp” 的名词形式变化。“go + 动名词” 是固定搭配,表示 “去做某事”,“camp” 的动名词形式为 “camping”,故答案为 camping。stranger 【解析】句意:一个陌生人来到我们家门口,询问去最近银行的路。本题考查形容词 “strange” 的名词形式变化。空前有不定冠词 “A”,后接可数名词单数,“strange” 表示 “奇怪的”,其名词形式 “stranger” 表示 “陌生人”,故答案为 stranger。strangely 【解析】句意:当我告诉她这个意外的消息时,她奇怪地看着我。本题考查形容词 “strange” 的副词形式变化。此处需要副词修饰动词 “looked”,“strange” 的副词形式是 “strangely”,表示 “奇怪地”,故答案为 strangely。breathe 【解析】句意:在做重要决定前,你应该深呼吸来冷静下来。本题考查名词 “breath” 的动词形式变化。空前有情态动词 “should”,后接动词原形,“breath” 的动词形式是 “breathe”,表示 “呼吸”,故答案为 breathe。breathing 【解析】句意:医生告诉他要注意自己的呼吸,因为他有点咳嗽。本题考查名词 “breath” 的派生名词形式变化。空前有形容词性物主代词 “his”,后接名词,“breathing” 表示 “呼吸动作”,符合 “注意呼吸(动作)” 的语境,故答案为 breathing。especial 【解析】句意:这是一个特别重要的会议,所以每个人都必须准时。本题考查副词 “especially” 的形容词形式变化。此处需要形容词修饰名词 “meeting”,“especially” 的形容词形式是 “especial”,表示 “特别的”,故答案为 especial。scenic 【解析】句意:这个小镇以其山水美景而闻名。本题考查名词 “scenery” 的形容词形式变化。此处需要形容词修饰名词 “views”,“scenery” 的形容词形式是 “scenic”,表示 “风景优美的”,“scenic views” 意为 “风景”,故答案为 scenic。scarves/scarfs 【解析】句意:妈妈给我买了两条新围巾 —— 一条红色的,一条蓝色的。本题考查名词 “scarf” 的复数形式变化。空前有数量词 “two”,后接可数名词复数,“scarf” 的复数形式有两种,分别是 “scarves” 和 “scarfs”,故答案为 scarves/scarfs。comfortable 【解析】句意:客厅里的那把旧扶手椅太舒服了,我经常在上面睡着。本题考查形容词 “comfortable” 的用法。空前有系动词 “is”,后接形容词作表语,“comfortable” 本身就是形容词,意为 “舒服的”,符合 “让人能睡着” 的语境,故答案为 comfortable。relaxing 【解析】句意:经过漫长的一天工作,她喜欢听令人放松的音乐来减压。本题考查动词 “relax” 的形容词形式变化。此处需要形容词修饰名词 “music”,“relaxing” 表示 “令人放松的”,用于修饰事物(音乐),符合语境,故答案为 relaxing。(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空camping;2. stranger;3. breathe;4. comfortable;5. relaxedcamping 【解析】句意:我们家每年夏天通常去湖边露营,因为我们都喜欢户外活动。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇并进行词形变化。方框中 “camp” 符合 “户外露营” 的语境,“go + 动名词” 是固定搭配,“camp” 的动名词形式为 “camping”,故填 camping。stranger 【解析】句意:当小女孩看到一个陌生人在学校门口等她时,她跑回去向老师求助。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇并进行词形变化。方框中 “strange” 符合 “陌生人” 的语境,空前有不定冠词 “a”,需用 “strange” 的名词形式 “stranger”(陌生人),故填 stranger。breathe 【解析】句意:跑完 800 米后,汤姆停下来大口喘气 —— 他的脸因疲惫而变红。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇并进行词形变化。方框中 “breath” 符合 “呼吸” 的语境,空前有不定式符号 “to”(“stop to do sth” 表示 “停下来去做某事”),需用 “breath” 的动词形式 “breathe”(呼吸),故填 breathe。comfortable 【解析】句意:我们客厅里的新沙发比旧沙发舒服多了,我可以在上面坐几个小时看书。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇并进行词形变化。方框中 “comfortable” 符合 “舒服” 的语境,此处是 “more + 形容词原级” 构成比较级,“comfortable” 为形容词原级,意为 “舒服的”,故填 comfortable。relaxed 【解析】句意:听完一整天的课后,听轻柔的钢琴曲是放松的好方法。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇并进行词形变化。方框中 “relax” 符合 “放松” 的语境,此处 “get + 形容词” 表示 “变得……”,“relaxed” 表示 “感到放松的”,用于修饰人(此处隐含 “让人感到放松”),故填 relaxed。三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空camping;2. scenery;3. comfortable;4. bored;5. relaxing;6. breath;7. scarf;8. especially;9. enjoyable;10. relax【导语】本文主要讲述了作者班级上周末在小河边进行的户外露营活动,描述了活动中的场景、所做的事情以及作者的感受,体现了这次露营活动的愉快和意义。camping 【解析】句意:上周末,我们班进行了一次特别的户外活动 —— 我们去小河边露营了。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇并进行词形变化。方框中 “camp” 符合 “露营” 的语境,“go camping” 是固定短语,意为 “去露营”,故答案为 camping。scenery 【解析】句意:天气很好,河边的风景美极了。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇。方框中 “scenery” 表示 “风景”,为名词,空前有定冠词 “the”,后接名词作主语,符合 “描述河边风景” 的语境,故答案为 scenery。comfortable 【解析】句意:在里面,我们铺上了柔软的毯子,让它睡起来很舒服。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇并进行词形变化。方框中 “comfortable” 符合 “舒服” 的语境,“make + 宾语 + 形容词” 是固定结构,意为 “使…… 怎么样”,“comfortable” 为形容词,意为 “舒服的”,故答案为 comfortable。bored 【解析】句意:其中一个游戏是 “猜猜是谁”,它非常有趣,以至于没有人感到无聊。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇并进行词形变化。方框中 “bored” 符合 “感到无聊的” 的语境,空前有系动词 “felt”,后接形容词作表语,“bored” 表示 “感到无聊的”,用于修饰人(此处 “no one” 指人),故答案为 bored。relaxing 【解析】句意:音乐非常令人放松,以至于忙碌了一天后每个人都感到很平静。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇并进行词形变化。方框中 “relax” 符合 “令人放松的” 的语境,此处需要形容词修饰名词 “music”,“relaxing” 表示 “令人放松的”,用于修饰事物(音乐),故答案为 relaxing。breath 【解析】句意:当我抬头看星星时,我深吸了一口气,觉得能和朋友们在一起很幸运。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇。方框中 “breath” 符合 “呼吸” 的语境,“take a deep breath” 是固定短语,意为 “深吸一口气”,故答案为 breath。scarf 【解析】句意:睡觉前,老师给了我们每个人一条温暖的围巾,因为晚上有点冷。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇。方框中 “scarf” 符合 “围巾” 的语境,空前有不定冠词 “a”,后接可数名词单数,“scarf” 为单数形式,意为 “围巾”,故答案为 scarf。especially 【解析】句意:清晨的阳光中,小路特别漂亮 —— 一切似乎都在发光。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇并进行词形变化。方框中 “especially” 符合 “特别” 的语境,此处需要副词修饰形容词 “beautiful”,“especially” 为副词,意为 “特别”,故答案为 especially。enjoyable 【解析】句意:这次旅行是我今年经历过的最愉快的事情之一。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇并进行词形变化。方框中 “enjoy” 符合 “愉快的” 的语境,此处需要形容词修饰名词 “experiences”,“enjoyable” 为形容词,意为 “令人愉快的”,“the most enjoyable” 是其最高级形式,符合 “one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数” 的结构,故答案为 enjoyable。relax 【解析】句意:它不仅让我亲近了自然,还帮助我从学习压力中放松下来。本题考查从方框中选择合适词汇。方框中 “relax” 符合 “放松” 的语境,“help sb do sth” 是固定结构,意为 “帮助某人做某事”,此处用动词原形 “relax”,故答案为 relax。Unit 2 Home Sweet Home参考答案与解析一、词形变化填空练习bathroom (n. 浴室;洗手间) → bath (n. 浴缸;洗澡) → bathe (v. 洗澡)invite (v. 邀请) → invitation (n. 邀请函)arrive (v. 到达) → arrival (n. 到达) → arrived (v. 到达,过去式)add (v. 添加) → addition (n. 添加) → additional (adj. 额外的)decorate (v. 装饰) → decoration (n. 装饰) → decorative (adj. 装饰性的)balcony (n. 阳台) → balconies (n. 阳台,复数)community (n. 社区) → communities (n. 社区,复数)describe (v. 描述) → description (n. 描述) → described (v. 描述,过去式)fresh (adj. 新鲜的) → freshly (adv. 新鲜地) → freshness (n. 新鲜)joy (n. 喜悦) → joyful (adj. 快乐的) → joyfully (adv. 快乐地)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺1.bath 2.invitation 3.arrival 4.additional 5.decorations 6.balconies 7.communities 8.description 9.freshly 10.joyfulbath 【解析】句意:我的小妹妹每晚睡前都喜欢洗个热水澡。本题考查名词词形变化。括号内 “bath” 此处需用名词形式表示 “洗澡”,“take a bath” 是固定搭配,意为 “洗澡”,符合语境,故答案为 bath。invitation 【解析】句意:露西收到了去参加表妹生日派对的邀请函,并决定买一份礼物。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “invite” 是动词,意为 “邀请”,此处需用其名词形式 “invitation”(邀请函)作宾语,“an” 后接可数名词单数,故答案为 invitation。arrival 【解析】句意:今天早上我们在车站等校车,等了十分钟。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “arrive” 是动词,意为 “到达”,此处需用其名词形式 “arrival”(到达)作 “waited for” 的宾语,故答案为 arrival。additional 【解析】句意:老师让我们再写一个额外的段落,使我们的作文更详细。本题考查名词变形容词。括号内 “addition” 是名词,意为 “添加”,此处需用其形容词形式 “additional”(额外的)修饰名词 “paragraph”,故答案为 additional。decorations 【解析】句意:学生们制作了纸花和彩色气球,作为教室新年派对的装饰品。本题考查动词变名词及名词复数。括号内 “decorate” 是动词,意为 “装饰”,此处需用其名词形式 “decoration”(装饰品),且根据 “paper flowers and colorful balloons” 可知,装饰品不止一个,需用复数 “decorations”,故答案为 decorations。balconies 【解析】句意:我们的新房子里有两个阳台,我们可以在上面种一些小植物。本题考查名词复数。括号内 “balcony” 是可数名词,意为 “阳台”,前面有 “two” 修饰,需用复数形式,“balcony” 的复数是 “balconies”,故答案为 balconies。communities 【解析】句意:这些小社区里的人们在节日期间经常分享食物、互相帮助。本题考查名词复数。括号内 “community” 是可数名词,意为 “社区”,前面有 “these” 修饰,需用复数形式,“community” 的复数是 “communities”,故答案为 communities。description 【解析】句意:你能清晰地描述一下帮你捡起丢失的包的那个人吗?本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “describe” 是动词,意为 “描述”,此处需用其名词形式 “description”(描述)作 “give” 的宾语,“a” 后接可数名词单数,故答案为 description。freshly 【解析】句意:这位面包师每天早上都卖新鲜制作的面包,所以它在邻居中一直很受欢迎。本题考查形容词变副词。括号内 “fresh” 是形容词,意为 “新鲜的”,此处需用其副词形式 “freshly”(新鲜地)修饰动词 “made”,故答案为 freshly。joyful 【解析】句意:当听到奶奶康复的好消息时,家里每个人都感到很高兴。本题考查名词变形容词。括号内 “joy” 是名词,意为 “喜悦”,此处需用其形容词形式 “joyful”(快乐的)作系动词 “felt” 的表语,故答案为 joyful。(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空1.bath 2.invite 3.decorated 4.community 5.describebath 【解析】句意:打了一个小时篮球后,汤姆回家洗了个澡放松自己。本题考查名词辨析与固定搭配。方框中 “bath” 是名词,“take a bath” 为固定短语,意为 “洗澡”,符合 “运动后放松” 的语境,故填 bath。invite 【解析】句意:我们班下周将举办一场读书派对,我们计划邀请我们最喜欢的作家来分享故事。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “invite” 是动词,意为 “邀请”,“plan to do sth”(计划做某事)后接动词原形,结合 “邀请作家分享故事” 的语境,故填 invite。decorated 【解析】句意:上周末,我和父母用红灯笼和剪纸装饰客厅,为春节做准备。本题考查动词辨析与时态。方框中 “decorate” 是动词,意为 “装饰”,根据 “Last weekend” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,需用过去式 “decorated”,符合 “春节装饰客厅” 的语境,故填 decorated。community 【解析】句意:我们社区的志愿者每周六都会打扫公园,保持环境整洁。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “community” 是名词,意为 “社区”,“in our community”(在我们社区)作定语修饰 “volunteers”,符合 “志愿者打扫社区公园” 的语境,故填 community。describe 【解析】句意:这个小女孩试图向她的朋友们描述她的新宠物兔,说它有白色的毛和长长的耳朵。本题考查动词辨析与固定搭配。方框中 “describe” 是动词,意为 “描述”,“try to do sth”(试图做某事)后接动词原形,结合 “描述宠物兔的外形” 的语境,故填 describe。三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空【导语】本文主要讲述了作者一家搬到新社区后的生活,包括新家的环境、迎接亲戚、装饰房子以及邀请邻居举办派对等,体现了新社区的友好和家庭生活的快乐。1.community 2.balconies 3.bathroom 4.arrival 5.fresh 6.decorate 7.decorative 8.add 9.invited 10.joycommunity 【解析】句意:上个月,我们家搬到了一个友好的社区里的新房子。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “community” 是名词,意为 “社区”,“in a friendly community”(在一个友好的社区里)符合 “搬到新房子” 的背景,故答案为 community。balconies 【解析】句意:这所房子比我们以前的大,而且有两个向阳的阳台。本题考查名词复数与语境理解。方框中 “balcony” 是可数名词,意为 “阳台”,前面有 “two” 修饰,需用复数 “balconies”,结合 “在阳台上放盆栽” 的下文语境,故答案为 balconies。bathroom 【解析】句意:搬家前,我们花了一天时间打包行李。妈妈给我准备了一小袋零食,我帮她打扫了浴室,确保它整洁。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “bathroom” 是名词,意为 “浴室”,“clean the bathroom”(打扫浴室)是日常家务场景,符合语境,故答案为 bathroom。arrival 【解析】句意:搬家那天,我们在门口等姑姑到来。本题考查动词变名词与语境理解。方框中 “arrive” 是动词,意为 “到达”,此处需用其名词形式 “arrival”(到达)作 “waited for” 的宾语,符合 “等待亲戚到来” 的语境,故答案为 arrival。fresh 【解析】句意:当她提着一篮新鲜水果来时,我们都开心地笑了。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “fresh” 是形容词,意为 “新鲜的”,修饰名词 “fruits”(水果),“fresh fruits”(新鲜水果)符合日常场景,故答案为 fresh。decorate 【解析】句意:安顿下来后,我们开始装饰我们的新家。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “decorate” 是动词,意为 “装饰”,“start to do sth”(开始做某事)后接动词原形,结合下文 “挂海报、买灯” 的装饰行为,故答案为 decorate。decorative 【解析】句意:我帮爸爸在我的卧室里挂了彩色海报,妈妈给客厅买了一些装饰灯。本题考查动词变形容词与语境理解。方框中 “decorate” 是动词,意为 “装饰”,此处需用其形容词形式 “decorative”(装饰性的)修饰名词 “lights”(灯),“decorative lights”(装饰灯)符合 “装饰房子” 的语境,故答案为 decorative。add 【解析】句意:我们还决定在书房里加一个小书架,用来放我们最喜欢的书。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “add” 是动词,意为 “添加”,“decide to do sth”(决定做某事)后接动词原形,“add a small bookshelf”(加一个小书架)符合 “完善书房功能” 的语境,故答案为 add。invited 【解析】句意:昨天,我们举办了一个小型派对,并邀请了新邻居。本题考查动词时态与语境理解。方框中 “invite” 是动词,意为 “邀请”,根据 “Yesterday” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,需用过去式 “invited”,符合 “举办派对邀请邻居” 的语境,故答案为 invited。joy 【解析】句意:大家有说有笑,房间里充满了欢乐。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “joy” 是名词,意为 “喜悦”,“be filled with joy”(充满欢乐)符合 “邻居聚会、有说有笑” 的快乐氛围,故答案为 joy。Unit 3 Same or Different 参考答案与解析一、词形变化填空练习compare (v. 比较) → comparative (adj. 比较的) → comparison (n. 比较)shy (adj. 害羞的) → shyly (adv. 害羞地) → shyness (n. 害羞)perform (v. 表演) → performance (n. 表演) → performer (n. 表演者)solve (v. 解决) → solution (n. 解决办法) → solved (v. 解决,过去式)interest (n./v. 兴趣;对…… 感兴趣) → interested (adj. 感兴趣的) → interesting (adj. 有趣的)difference (n. 差异) → different (adj. 不同的)humour/humor (n. 幽默;幽默感) → humorous (adj. 幽默的)honest (adj. 诚实的) → honesty (n. 诚实;正直) → dishonest (adj. 不诚实的)similarity (n. 相似之处) → similar (adj. 相似的) → similarly (adv. 相似地)expect (v. 预料;期待) → expectation (n. 期待;预期) → unexpected (adj. 想不到的;出乎意料的)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺1.comparison 2.shyly 3.performance 4.solution 5.interested 6.differences 7.humorous 8.honesty 9.similar 10.unexpectedcomparison 【解析】句意:老师让我们对这两首诗进行比较,找出它们的不同之处。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “compare” 是动词,意为 “比较”,空前 “a” 后需接可数名词单数,其名词形式 “comparison”(比较)符合语法要求,故答案为 comparison。shyly 【解析】句意:这个小女孩在全班同学面前介绍自己时,说话很害羞。本题考查形容词变副词。括号内 “shy” 是形容词,意为 “害羞的”,此处需用副词修饰动词 “spoke”,“shy” 的副词形式为 “shyly”(害羞地),故答案为 shyly。performance 【解析】句意:这位歌手昨晚在演唱会上的表演非常精彩,观众们大声欢呼。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “perform” 是动词,意为 “表演”,空前名词所有格 “singer’s” 后需接名词,其名词形式 “performance”(表演,可数名词单数)符合 “一场表演” 的语境,故答案为 performance。solution 【解析】句意:思考了很长时间后,汤姆终于找到了这道数学难题的解决办法。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “solve” 是动词,意为 “解决”,空前 “a” 后需接可数名词单数,其名词形式 “solution”(解决办法)符合语境,故答案为 solution。interested 【解析】句意:我弟弟对太空科学感兴趣,所以他经常读关于行星的书。本题考查名词 / 动词变形容词。括号内 “interest” 可作名词或动词,“be interested in” 是固定搭配,意为 “对…… 感兴趣”,修饰人需用 “interested”,故答案为 interested。differences 【解析】句意:这两座城市之间有很多不同之处,比如天气和文化。本题考查名词变形容词及词性转换反向应用(此处需名词复数)。括号内 “different” 是形容词,意为 “不同的”,空前 “many” 后需接可数名词复数,其名词形式 “difference” 的复数 “differences”(不同之处)符合语法要求,故答案为 differences。humorous 【解析】句意:李老师是一位幽默的老师,他的课总是充满笑声。本题考查名词变形容词。括号内 “humour/humor” 是名词,意为 “幽默”,此处需用形容词修饰名词 “teacher”,其形容词形式 “humorous”(幽默的)符合语境,故答案为 humorous。honesty 【解析】句意:我们应该总是说实话,因为诚实是一个人最重要的品质。本题考查形容词变名词。括号内 “honest” 是形容词,意为 “诚实的”,空前 “because” 引导的从句中需用名词作主语,其名词形式 “honesty”(诚实,不可数名词)符合语法要求,故答案为 honesty。similar 【解析】句意:这两兄弟长得很像,有时候甚至他们的朋友都分不清他们。本题考查名词变形容词。括号内 “similarity” 是名词,意为 “相似之处”,空前系动词 “look” 后需接形容词作表语,其形容词形式 “similar”(相似的)符合语境,故答案为 similar。unexpected 【解析】句意:这场突如其来的雨打乱了我们这个周末去公园野餐的计划。本题考查动词变形容词(含否定前缀)。括号内 “expect” 是动词,意为 “预料”,此处需用形容词修饰名词 “rain”,结合 “打乱计划” 可知,雨是 “出乎意料的”,其形容词形式 “unexpected”(想不到的;出乎意料的)符合语境,故答案为 unexpected。(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空1.compare 2.perform 3.solve 4.interesting 5.honestcompare 【解析】句意:在买新手机之前,我爸爸喜欢比较不同品牌的功能和价格。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “compare” 是动词,意为 “比较”,“like to do sth”(喜欢做某事)后接动词原形,结合 “比较手机功能和价格” 的语境,故填 compare。perform 【解析】句意:一群学生将在学校派对上表演一出关于环境保护的短剧。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “perform” 是动词,意为 “表演”,空前 “will” 后接动词原形,“perform a short play”(表演短剧)符合 “学校派对” 的场景,故填 perform。solve 【解析】句意:如果你作业有困难,可以向老师求助来解决问题。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “solve” 是动词,意为 “解决”,此处用动词不定式 “to solve” 表目的,“solve the problem”(解决问题)符合 “求助老师” 的语境,故填 solve。interesting 【解析】句意:这本关于海洋生物的书非常有趣,我一天就把它从头到尾读完了。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “interest” 的形容词形式 “interesting” 意为 “有趣的”,修饰物(书),“so interesting that...”(如此有趣以至于……)符合 “一天读完” 的语境,故填 interesting。honest 【解析】句意:对父母诚实很重要,如果你告诉他们真相,他们会理解你的。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “honest” 是形容词,意为 “诚实的”,“be honest with sb”(对某人诚实)是固定搭配,符合 “告诉父母真相” 的语境,故填 honest。三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空【导语】本文讲述了作者所在班级举办 “才艺秀” 的经历,介绍了同学们展示的不同才艺、活动中遇到的小问题及活动带来的感悟,体现了班级同学间的包容与团结。1.differences 2.shy 3.performance 4.interested 5.humorous 6.solve 7.unexpected 8.compare 9.honest 10.differencesdifferences 【解析】句意:表演前,我们讨论了各自才艺之间的不同之处 —— 我们中有些人喜欢唱歌,而另一些人更喜欢跳舞。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “difference” 是名词,意为 “差异”,结合 “some...while others...” 可知,才艺有多种不同,需用复数 “differences”,故答案为 differences。shy 【解析】句意:我最好的朋友莉莉有点害羞,但她决定弹钢琴。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “shy” 是形容词,意为 “害羞的”,空前 “a little”(有点)后接形容词原级,修饰人(莉莉),符合 “虽害羞但仍决定表演” 的语境,故答案为 shy。performance 【解析】句意:她的表演非常精彩,所有人都大声鼓掌。本题考查动词变名词与语境理解。方框中 “perform” 是动词,意为 “表演”,空前形容词性物主代词 “her” 后需接名词,“performance”(表演,可数名词单数)指代莉莉弹钢琴的表演,故答案为 performance。interested 【解析】句意:表演结束后,我告诉她我也对学弹钢琴感兴趣,她答应教我。本题考查形容词辨析与固定搭配。方框中 “interest” 的形容词形式 “interested” 意为 “感兴趣的”,“be interested in doing sth”(对做某事感兴趣)是固定搭配,修饰人(我),故答案为 interested。humorous 【解析】句意:我们的同学迈克是一个幽默的男孩,他讲的有趣故事让所有人都笑了。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “humour/humor” 的形容词形式 “humorous” 意为 “幽默的”,修饰名词 “boy”,结合 “讲有趣故事让人笑” 的语境,故答案为 humorous。solve 【解析】句意:表演期间出现了一个小问题:麦克风坏了。但我们的老师帮我们很快解决了它。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “solve” 是动词,意为 “解决”,“help sb do sth”(帮助某人做某事)后接动词原形,“solve it”(解决问题,it 指代麦克风故障)符合语境,故答案为 solve。unexpected 【解析】句意:这个意外的问题并没有阻止我们享受表演。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “expect” 的形容词形式 “unexpected” 意为 “出乎意料的”,修饰名词 “problem”(问题),结合 “麦克风突然故障” 可知,这是意外情况,故答案为 unexpected。compare 【解析】句意:表演结束时,老师让我们对比各自的感受。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “compare” 是动词,意为 “比较;对比”,“ask sb to do sth”(让某人做某事)后接动词原形,结合 “分享感受” 的场景,“compare our feelings”(对比感受)符合语境,故答案为 compare。honest 【解析】句意:我们还学到,彼此诚实并尊重差异很重要。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “honest” 是形容词,意为 “诚实的”,“being honest with each other”(彼此诚实)是动名词短语作宾语,符合 “同学间相处” 的感悟,故答案为 honest。differences 【解析】句意:虽然我们有很多不同之处,但我们就像一个大家庭。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “difference” 是名词,意为 “差异”,空前 “many” 后接可数名词复数,“have many differences”(有很多不同之处)与前文 “respecting our differences” 呼应,故答案为 differences。Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 参考答案与解析一、词形变化填空练习 fold (v. 折叠) → folding (adj. 折叠式的;可折叠的) → unfold (v. 展开)popular (adj. 流行的;受欢迎的) → unpopular (adj. 不受欢迎的) → popularity (n. 流行,受欢迎)appear (v. 出现) → disappear (v. 消失,反义词) → appearance (n. 出现;外貌)weigh (v. 称重) → weight (n. 体重)connect (v. 关联;链接) → connected (adj. 连接的) → connection (n. 联系)imagine (v. 想象) → imagination (n. 想象力) → imaginary (adj. 想象中的)disappoint (v. 使失望) → disappointed (adj. 失望的,修饰人) → disappointing (adj. 令人失望的,修饰物)protect (v. 保护) → protection (n. 保护) → protective (adj. 防护的;保护的)important (adj. 重要的) → importance (n. 重要性)live (v. 居住;存在;生活;adj. 活的;现场直播的) → lively (adj. 活泼的,生机勃勃的) → alive (adj. 活着的)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺1.folding 2.popularity 3.appeared 4.weigh 5.connect 6.imagination 7.disappointed 8.protection 9.importance 10.livelyfolding 【解析】句意:妈妈给我们的野餐买了一把折叠椅,所以很容易装在包里携带。本题考查动词变形容词。括号内 “fold” 是动词,意为 “折叠”,此处需用形容词修饰名词 “chair”,其形容词形式 “folding”(折叠式的;可折叠的)符合 “易携带” 的语境,故答案为 folding。popularity 【解析】句意:这种音乐在 20 世纪 90 年代非常流行,但最近它的受欢迎程度下降了。本题考查形容词变名词。括号内 “popular” 是形容词,意为 “流行的;受欢迎的”,空前形容词性物主代词 “its” 后需接名词,其名词形式 “popularity”(流行,受欢迎)符合 “受欢迎程度变化” 的语境,故答案为 popularity。appeared 【解析】句意:太阳一落山,星星就出现在天空中,让夜晚变得非常美丽。本题考查动词时态。括号内 “appear” 是动词,意为 “出现”,根据 “went down” 可知句子时态为一般过去时,需用过去式 “appeared”,符合 “太阳落山星星出现” 的自然场景,故答案为 appeared。weigh 【解析】句意:医生让我每周称一次体重,以记录身体的变化。本题考查动词用法。括号内 “weigh” 是动词,意为 “称重”,空前 “told me to” 后接动词原形,“weigh oneself”(称某人的体重)是固定搭配,故答案为 weigh。connect 【解析】句意:我们需要先把电脑连上网,才能搜索信息。本题考查动词用法。括号内 “connect” 是动词,意为 “关联;链接”,空前 “need to” 后接动词原形,“connect...to...”(把…… 连接到……)是固定搭配,符合 “连接电脑与网络” 的语境,故答案为 connect。imagination 【解析】句意:孩子们有丰富的想象力,他们能想出很多精彩的故事。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “imagine” 是动词,意为 “想象”,空前 “rich”(丰富的)后需接名词,其名词形式 “imagination”(想象力)符合 “想出精彩故事” 的语境,故答案为 imagination。disappointed 【解析】句意:露西没拿到她一直期待的音乐会门票,感到很失望。本题考查动词变形容词(修饰人)。括号内 “disappoint” 是动词,意为 “使失望”,此处需用形容词修饰人(Lucy),“disappointed”(失望的)符合 “没拿到门票” 的情绪语境,故答案为 disappointed。protection 【解析】句意:我们应该采取行动,为森林里的濒危动物提供更好的保护。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “protect” 是动词,意为 “保护”,空前 “better”(更好的)后需接名词,其名词形式 “protection”(保护)符合 “保护濒危动物” 的语境,故答案为 protection。importance 【解析】句意:老师总是告诉我们阅读的重要性 —— 阅读能帮助我们获取更多知识。本题考查形容词变名词。括号内 “important” 是形容词,意为 “重要的”,空前 “the” 后需接名词,“the importance of...”(…… 的重要性)是固定搭配,故答案为 importance。lively 【解析】句意:我们给这只小鸟喂了水和种子后,它看起来充满了活力。本题考查动词 / 形容词变形容词。括号内 “live” 可作动词或形容词,此处需用形容词作表语,修饰 “the little bird”,“lively”(活泼的,生机勃勃的)符合 “喂水喂种子后有活力” 的语境,故答案为 lively。(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空1.fold 2.popular 3.disappeared 4.protect 5.imaginefold 【解析】句意:把地图放回包里之前,你应该把它整齐地折叠起来,避免产生褶皱。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “fold” 是动词,意为 “折叠”,空前 “should” 后接动词原形,“fold the map neatly”(整齐折叠地图)符合 “避免褶皱” 的语境,故填 fold。popular 【解析】句意:这个公园在周末很受家庭欢迎,因为它有一个供孩子们玩耍的大操场。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “popular” 是形容词,意为 “流行的;受欢迎的”,“be popular among...”(在…… 中受欢迎)是固定搭配,符合 “有大操场吸引家庭” 的语境,故填 popular。disappeared 【解析】句意:月亮突然消失在云层后面,花园变得一片漆黑。本题考查动词辨析与时态。方框中 “appear” 的反义词 “disappear” 意为 “消失”,根据 “became” 可知句子时态为一般过去时,需用过去式 “disappeared”,符合 “花园变黑” 的语境,故填 disappeared。protect 【解析】句意:当地人在这棵古树周围围了一圈栅栏,以保护它不被砍伐。本题考查动词辨析与固定搭配。方框中 “protect” 是动词,意为 “保护”,“protect...from doing sth”(保护…… 免受……)是固定搭配,此处用动词不定式 “to protect” 表目的,故填 protect。imagine 【解析】句意:你能想象 50 年后我们的城市会是什么样子吗?我认为它会变得更美丽、更现代化。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “imagine” 是动词,意为 “想象”,空前 “Can you” 后接动词原形,“imagine what...will be like”(想象…… 会是什么样子)符合语境,故填 imagine。三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空【导语】本文讲述了作者所在班级去植物园实地考察的经历,介绍了植物园的热门程度、参观路线中的动植物、实验室学习内容及行程小变动,最后表达了对自然保护的感悟。1.popular 2.folding 3.appearance 4.protect 5.weigh 6.importance 7.imagine 8.disappointed 9.lively 10.connectpopular 【解析】句意:它(植物园)是一个非常受学生欢迎的地方,因为我们可以在那里了解很多动植物。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “popular” 是形容词,意为 “流行的;受欢迎的”,“be popular for...”(因…… 受欢迎)符合 “能了解动植物吸引学生” 的语境,故答案为 popular。folding 【解析】句意:我们到达时,导游给了我们每人一张折叠地图。她告诉我们要小心展开,跟着路线走。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “fold” 的形容词形式 “folding” 意为 “可折叠的”,修饰名词 “map”,结合 “unfold it”(展开它)可知地图是可折叠的,故答案为 folding。appearance 【解析】句意:沿途我们看到了五颜六色的牡丹和美丽的荷花 —— 它们的出现让植物园看起来像一幅画。本题考查动词变名词与语境理解。方框中 “appear” 是动词,意为 “出现”,空前形容词性物主代词 “their” 后需接名词,“appearance”(出现)指代牡丹和荷花盛开的景象,故答案为 appearance。protect 【解析】句意:导游说我们必须保护它们,不要打扰它们的生活。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “protect” 是动词,意为 “保护”,空前 “must” 后接动词原形,结合 “not disturb their lives”(不打扰它们的生活)可知需 “保护” 这些动物,故答案为 protect。weigh 【解析】句意:那里的科学家教我们如何给小种子称重,并解释了水和阳光对植物生长的重要性。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “weigh” 是动词,意为 “称重”,“how to do sth”(如何做某事)后接动词原形,“weigh a small seed”(给小种子称重)符合实验室学习场景,故答案为 weigh。importance 【解析】句意:那里的科学家教我们如何给小种子称重,并解释了水和阳光对植物生长的重要性。本题考查形容词变名词与语境理解。方框中 “important” 的名词形式 “importance” 意为 “重要性”,“the importance of...”(…… 的重要性)是固定搭配,符合 “解释水和阳光的作用” 的语境,故答案为 importance。imagine 【解析】句意:她还让我们想象种子在不同环境中会如何生长。这非常有趣!本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “imagine” 是动词,意为 “想象”,“asked us to” 后接动词原形,“imagine how...”(想象…… 如何)符合 “科学探究” 的语境,故答案为 imagine。disappointed 【解析】句意:下午,我们计划去看鸟类表演,但因为下雨取消了。我们感到有点失望,但导游带我们去了温室 instead。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “disappoint” 的形容词形式 “disappointed” 意为 “失望的”,修饰人(we),符合 “表演取消” 的情绪语境,故答案为 disappointed。lively 【解析】句意:在温室里,我们看到了许多只在温暖地方生长的生机勃勃的植物。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “live” 的形容词形式 “lively” 意为 “活泼的,生机勃勃的”,修饰名词 “plants”,符合 “温室植物长势好” 的语境,故答案为 lively。connect 【解析】句意:我们甚至了解到植物如何通过根系相互联系。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “connect” 是动词,意为 “关联;链接”,“how plants connect with each other”(植物如何相互联系)是宾语从句,从句主语 “plants” 是复数,时态为一般现在时,用动词原形 “connect”,故答案为 connect。Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! 参考答案与解析一、词形变化填空练习mix (n.&v. 混合;混合料) → mixed (adj. 混合的) → mixture (n. 混合物)bake (v. 烘焙) → baker (n. 烘焙师) → bakery (n. 面包店)simple (adj. 简单的) → simply (adv. 仅仅;不过,只是)instruction (n. 说明书;操作指南) → instruct (v. 指导) → instructor (n. 教练;(大学) 讲师;导师)mess (n. 脏乱;凌乱) → messy (adj. 混乱的)memory (n. 回忆;记忆) → memories (n. 回忆,复数) → memorable (adj. 难忘的;值得纪念的)sweet (adj. 甜的;甜蜜的) → sweetness (n. 甜;芬芳;愉快)potato (n. 土豆) → potatoes (n. 土豆,复数)tomato (n. 西红柿) → tomatoes (n. 西红柿,复数)luck (n. 运气) → lucky (adj. 幸运的) → luckily (adv. 幸运地)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺1.mixture 2.baker 3.simply 4.instructions 5.mess 6.memories 7.sweetness 8.potatoes, tomatoes 9.Luckily 10.memorablemixture 【解析】句意:妈妈把牛奶倒进面粉里搅拌,制作出顺滑的混合物。本题考查动词 / 名词变名词。括号内 “mix” 可作动词或名词,空前 “a smooth” 后需接可数名词单数,其名词形式 “mixture”(混合物)符合 “牛奶与面粉搅拌后的产物” 的语境,故答案为 mixture。baker 【解析】句意:街角面包店的烘焙师做的面包是我们街区最美味的。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “bake” 是动词,意为 “烘焙”,空前 “the” 后需接表示人的名词,其名词形式 “baker”(烘焙师)符合 “在面包店做面包的人” 的语境,故答案为 baker。simply 【解析】句意:做水果沙拉仅仅是把水果切好然后混合在一起的事儿。本题考查形容词变副词。括号内 “simple” 是形容词,意为 “简单的”,此处需用副词修饰整个句子,其副词形式 “simply”(仅仅;不过,只是)符合语境,故答案为 simply。instructions 【解析】句意:使用新的搅拌机前,你应该仔细阅读说明书。本题考查名词复数。括号内 “instruction” 是可数名词,意为 “说明书;操作指南”,通常用复数形式 “instructions” 表示 “说明书”,故答案为 instructions。mess 【解析】句意:生日派对结束后,客厅一片狼藉,到处都是纸盘子和气球。本题考查名词用法。括号内 “mess” 是名词,意为 “脏乱;凌乱”,“in a mess” 是固定搭配,意为 “一片狼藉”,符合 “派对后杂乱” 的语境,故答案为 mess。memories 【解析】句意:奶奶经常和我分享她童年的回忆,那些回忆总能让我笑起来。本题考查名词复数。括号内 “memory” 是可数名词,意为 “回忆;记忆”,根据 “her childhood” 可知回忆不止一件,需用复数 “memories”,故答案为 memories。sweetness 【解析】句意:新鲜草莓的甜味让它们成为夏天很受欢迎的零食。本题考查形容词变名词。括号内 “sweet” 是形容词,意为 “甜的”,空前 “the” 后需接名词,其名词形式 “sweetness”(甜)符合 “草莓的味道” 的语境,故答案为 sweetness。potatoes, tomatoes 【解析】句意:我们需要买五个土豆和两个西红柿来做蔬菜汤。本题考查名词复数。括号内 “potato” 的复数形式为 “potatoes”,“tomato” 的复数形式为 “tomatoes”,空前分别有 “five” 和 “two” 修饰,均需用复数,故答案为 potatoes, tomatoes。Luckily 【解析】句意:幸运的是,我们准时到达了餐厅,拿到了最后一张空桌。本题考查名词变副词。括号内 “luck” 是名词,意为 “运气”,此处需用副词修饰整个句子,其副词形式 “luckily”(幸运地)符合 “拿到最后一张桌” 的语境,句首首字母大写,故答案为 Luckily。memorable 【解析】句意:这节烹饪课是一次难忘的经历 —— 我学会了做我最喜欢的菜。本题考查名词变形容词。括号内 “memory” 的形容词形式 “memorable” 意为 “难忘的;值得纪念的”,修饰名词 “experience”,符合 “学会做喜欢的菜” 的语境,故答案为 memorable。(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空1.mix 2.baker 3.simple 4.mess 5.Luckilymix 【解析】句意:做蛋糕前,你需要把鸡蛋、糖和面粉充分混合。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “mix” 是动词,意为 “混合”,空前 “need to” 后接动词原形,“mix...well”(充分混合……)符合 “做蛋糕的步骤” 的语境,故填 mix。baker 【解析】句意:我姑姑在一家大餐厅当烘焙师,她每天都烤蛋糕和饼干。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “bake” 的名词形式 “baker” 意为 “烘焙师”,“work as a baker”(当烘焙师)符合 “烤蛋糕和饼干” 的职业描述,故填 baker。simple 【解析】句意:这个食谱非常简单,即使是新手也能照着做美味的面条。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “simple” 是形容词,意为 “简单的”,“so simple that...”(如此简单以至于……)符合 “新手能操作” 的语境,故填 simple。mess 【解析】句意:别把玩具放在地上 —— 它们会把房间弄得一团糟。本题考查名词辨析与固定搭配。方框中 “mess” 是名词,意为 “脏乱;凌乱”,“make the room a mess”(把房间弄得一团糟)是固定表达,符合语境,故填 mess。Luckily 【解析】句意:幸运的是,我们野餐那天没下雨,所以我们在公园里愉快地享用了美食。本题考查副词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “luck” 的副词形式 “luckily” 意为 “幸运地”,修饰整个句子,符合 “没下雨能愉快野餐” 的语境,句首首字母大写,故填 Luckily。三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空【导语】本文讲述了作者一家周日一起准备丰盛晚餐的经历,包括采购食材、分工烹饪、中途小插曲及晚餐后的温馨时光,体现了家庭团聚的快乐与爱意。1.simple 2.memories 3.tomatoes 4.potatoes 5.bakery 6.mixed 7.sweetness 8.instructions 9.mess 10.Luckilysimple 【解析】句意:妈妈说这会是为我们所有人创造快乐回忆的一种简单方式。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “simple” 是形容词,意为 “简单的”,修饰名词 “way”,结合 “一家人一起做饭” 的场景,“simple way”(简单的方式)符合语境,故答案为 simple。memories 【解析】句意:妈妈说这会是为我们所有人创造快乐回忆的一种简单方式。本题考查名词复数与语境理解。方框中 “memory” 是可数名词,意为 “回忆”,“happy memories”(快乐回忆)为常用搭配,且回忆不止一件,需用复数 “memories”,故答案为 memories。tomatoes ;4. potatoes 【解析】句意:我们挑选了新鲜的西红柿和土豆 —— 它们看起来鲜红饱满,充满活力。本题考查名词复数与语境理解。方框中 “tomato” 的复数为 “tomatoes”,“potato” 的复数为 “potatoes”,根据 “bright red” 可知先描述西红柿,再搭配土豆,二者均为制作蔬菜汤的常见食材,需用复数,故 3 题答案为 tomatoes,4 题答案为 potatoes。bakery 【解析】句意:在回家的路上,我们路过一家小面包店,买了一条热面包当开胃菜。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “bake” 的名词形式 “bakery” 意为 “面包店”,“pass a small bakery”(路过一家小面包店)符合 “买面包” 的语境,故答案为 bakery。mixed 【解析】句意:爸爸自告奋勇做沙拉,他切好蔬菜,然后把它们和橄榄油、醋混合在一起。本题考查动词时态与语境理解。方框中 “mix” 是动词,意为 “混合”,根据 “cut the vegetables” 可知句子时态为一般过去时,需用过去式 “mixed”,故答案为 mixed。sweetness 【解析】句意:这份沙拉尝起来很新鲜,西红柿的甜度恰到好处。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “sweet” 的名词形式 “sweetness” 意为 “甜”,“the right amount of sweetness”(恰到好处的甜度)符合 “沙拉的味道” 的语境,故答案为 sweetness。instructions 【解析】句意:妈妈按照食谱上的说明做牛排。本题考查名词复数与语境理解。方框中 “instruction” 是可数名词,意为 “说明书;操作指南”,“follow the instructions”(按照说明)是固定搭配,食谱说明不止一条,需用复数 “instructions”,故答案为 instructions。mess 【解析】句意:一切都很顺利,直到我弟弟打翻了一碗酱汁。桌子变得一片狼藉,但我们都笑着一起清理干净了。本题考查名词辨析与固定搭配。方框中 “mess” 是名词,意为 “脏乱”,“become a mess”(变得一片狼藉)符合 “打翻酱汁” 的场景,故答案为 mess。Luckily 【解析】句意:幸运的是,牛排最终还是做得很美味。本题考查副词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “luck” 的副词形式 “luckily” 意为 “幸运地”,修饰整个句子,结合 “虽然打翻酱汁但牛排仍美味” 的语境,句首首字母大写,故答案为 Luckily。Luckily【解析】句意:幸运的是,牛排最终还是做得很美味。本题考查名词变副词及语境理解。括号内对应的词汇是 “luck”,其副词形式为 “luckily”,意为 “幸运地”。前文提到 “弟弟打翻酱汁导致桌子一片狼藉”,后文转折 “牛排仍美味”,需用副词修饰整个句子,体现 “意外中的幸运”;且位于句首,首字母需大写,故答案为 Luckily。Unit 6 Plan for Yourself 参考答案与解析一、词形变化填空练习engineer (n. 工程师;技师) → engineering (n. 工程学;工程)fashion (n. 时装业;时尚) → fashionable (adj. 时髦的;时尚的)design (n. 设计;设计方案;v. 设计) → designer (n. 设计师)direct (v. 指导;指挥;adj. 直接的) → director (n. 导演;主任) → direction (n. 方向)achieve (v. 达到;完成) → achievement (n. 完成;实现)confident (adj. 自信的;肯定的) → confidence (n. 自信;信心)organize/organise (v. 组织) → organized/organised (adj. 有条理的;有组织的) → organization/organisation (n. 组织)wise (adj. 明智的) → wisely (adv. 聪明地;明智地) → wisdom (n. 智慧)decide (v. 决定) → decision (n. 决定)improve (v. 改善) → improvement (n. 提升;改善)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺1.engineer 2.fashionable 3.designer 4.direction 5.achievement 6.confidence 7.organized/organised 8.wisely 9.decision 10.improvementengineer 【解析】句意:我叔叔在一家汽车厂当工程师,他经常帮忙设计新的汽车零件。本题考查名词用法。括号内 “engineer” 是可数名词,意为 “工程师;技师”,空前 “an” 后接可数名词单数,符合 “在汽车厂设计零件” 的职业语境,故答案为 engineer。fashionable 【解析】句意:这个品牌的衣服因其独特的款式在青少年中很时尚。本题考查名词变形容词。括号内 “fashion” 是名词,意为 “时装业;时尚”,此处需用形容词作表语,其形容词形式 “fashionable”(时髦的;时尚的)符合 “受青少年欢迎” 的语境,故答案为 fashionable。designer 【解析】句意:这位著名的设计师下个月将在我们城市举办时装秀,很多明星都会出席。本题考查动词 / 名词变名词。括号内 “design” 可作动词或名词,空前 “the famous” 后需接表示人的名词,其名词形式 “designer”(设计师)符合 “举办时装秀” 的职业语境,故答案为 designer。direction 【解析】句意:你能告诉我去最近图书馆的方向吗?我是新来的,找不到路。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “direct” 可作动词或形容词,空前 “the” 后需接名词,其名词形式 “direction”(方向)符合 “询问路线” 的语境,故答案为 direction。achievement 【解析】句意:赢得全国数学竞赛对汤姆来说是一项重大成就,他的父母为此感到非常骄傲。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “achieve” 是动词,意为 “达到;完成”,空前 “a great” 后接可数名词单数,其名词形式 “achievement”(完成;实现)符合 “赢得竞赛” 的语境,故答案为 achievement。confidence 【解析】句意:在老师和朋友的支持下,莉萨获得了更多在全班面前发言的自信。本题考查形容词变名词。括号内 “confident” 是形容词,意为 “自信的;肯定的”,空前 “gained more” 后需接名词,其名词形式 “confidence”(自信;信心)符合 “发言” 的场景,故答案为 confidence。organized/organised 【解析】句意:我们的班长非常有条理,她总是把我们的小组活动计划得清晰又整齐。本题考查动词变形容词。括号内 “organize/organise” 是动词,意为 “组织”,此处需用形容词作表语,其形容词形式 “organized/organised”(有条理的;有组织的)符合 “计划清晰” 的语境,故答案为 organized/organised。wisely 【解析】句意:在做重要决定前,你应该明智地思考,否则之后可能会后悔。本题考查形容词变副词。括号内 “wise” 是形容词,意为 “明智的”,此处需用副词修饰动词 “think”,其副词形式 “wisely”(聪明地;明智地)符合语境,故答案为 wisely。decision 【解析】句意:经过长时间的讨论,我们家最终决定今年暑假去海边。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “decide” 是动词,意为 “决定”,空前 “made a” 后接可数名词单数,“make a decision” 是固定搭配,意为 “做决定”,故答案为 decision。improvement 【解析】句意:每天练习说英语会让你的英语口语能力有很大提升。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “improve” 是动词,意为 “改善”,空前 “great” 后需接名词,其名词形式 “improvement”(提升;改善)符合 “练习英语带来的效果” 的语境,故答案为 improvement。(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空1.engineering 2.fashion 3.designing 4.achieved 5.confidentengineering 【解析】句意:我表哥在大学学的工程学,现在他为这座城市建造桥梁和道路。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “engineer” 的名词形式 “engineering” 意为 “工程学;工程”,“study engineering”(学习工程学)符合 “建造桥梁道路” 的职业背景,故填 engineering。fashion 【解析】句意:这种新款式的鞋子今年很流行 —— 你在街上能看到很多人穿。本题考查名词辨析与固定搭配。方框中 “fashion” 是名词,意为 “时尚”,“in fashion” 是固定短语,意为 “流行;时髦”,符合 “很多人穿” 的语境,故填 fashion。designing 【解析】句意:这位建筑师花了三个月时间设计这座新教学楼,确保它安全又美观。本题考查动词辨析与固定搭配。方框中 “design” 是动词,意为 “设计”,“spend time doing sth”(花费时间做某事)后接动词 - ing 形式,“designing the new school building”(设计新教学楼)符合 “建筑师” 的职业行为,故填 designing。achieved 【解析】句意:通过努力和坚持,玛丽去年实现了成为一名医生的梦想。本题考查动词辨析与时态。方框中 “achieve” 是动词,意为 “达到;完成”,根据 “last year” 可知句子时态为一般过去时,需用过去式 “achieved”,“achieve one’s dream”(实现某人的梦想)符合语境,故填 achieved。confident 【解析】句意:你练习公开演讲越多,在面对一大群人讲话时就会越自信。本题考查形容词辨析与固定句型。方框中 “confident” 是形容词,意为 “自信的;肯定的”,“the more...the more...”(越…… 越……)句型中,后接形容词原级,符合 “练习越多越自信” 的语境,故填 confident。三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空【导语】本文讲述了作者在班级 “未来职业” 讨论中分享的个人职业规划,以及好友露西的职业理想,还记录了老师给出的职业规划建议,体现了明确目标与合理规划对实现梦想的重要性。1.engineer 2.engineering 3.fashion 4.designer 5.designs 6.confidence 7.achieve 8.organize 9.decision 10.improvementengineer 【解析】句意:我长大后想成为一名工程师。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “engineer” 是可数名词,意为 “工程师;技师”,空前 “a” 后接可数名词单数,结合下文 “对建造改善生活的事物感兴趣” 的描述,符合 “工程师” 的职业定位,故答案为 engineer。engineering 【解析】句意:我对建造能让人们生活更便捷的事物感兴趣,所以计划在大学学习工程学。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “engineer” 的名词形式 “engineering” 意为 “工程学;工程”,“study engineering”(学习工程学)是成为工程师的常见学业路径,符合语境,故答案为 engineering。fashion 【解析】句意:我最好的朋友露西喜欢衣服,想在时装行业工作。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “fashion” 是名词,意为 “时装业;时尚”,“fashion industry”(时装行业)是固定搭配,符合 “喜欢衣服” 的兴趣背景,故答案为 fashion。designer 【解析】句意:她希望成为一名设计师,设计出美观又舒适的衣服。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “design” 的名词形式 “designer” 意为 “设计师”,空前 “a” 后接可数名词单数,“a designer who creates clothes”(设计衣服的设计师)符合 “时装行业” 的职业目标,故答案为 designer。designs 【解析】句意:她已经开始在空闲时间画连衣裙的设计图,她的作品看起来非常棒。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “design” 是可数名词,意为 “设计;设计方案”,“draw designs for dresses”(画连衣裙的设计图)符合 “设计师的准备工作” 的语境,此处设计图不止一张,需用复数 “designs”,故答案为 designs。confidence 【解析】句意:讨论期间,老师告诉我们要先设定小目标,因为小目标能帮助我们逐步建立自信。本题考查形容词变名词与语境理解。方框中 “confident” 的名词形式 “confidence” 意为 “自信;信心”,“gain confidence”(建立自信)符合 “从小目标积累” 的逻辑,故答案为 confidence。achieve 【解析】句意:例如,如果我们想实现一个大梦想,可以从日常任务做起,比如读相关书籍或练习技能。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “achieve” 是动词,意为 “达到;完成”,“want to do sth”(想要做某事)后接动词原形,“achieve a big dream”(实现大梦想)与前文 “设定小目标” 形成对应,故答案为 achieve。organize 【解析】句意:她还建议我们要明智地安排时间 —— 不要花太多时间玩游戏,而是用时间学习新东西。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “organize” 是动词,意为 “组织”,“advise sb to do sth”(建议某人做某事)后接动词原形,“organize time”(安排时间)符合 “合理规划” 的建议内容,故答案为 organize。decision 【解析】句意:讨论结束后,我决定坚持写每周计划笔记。本题考查动词变名词与语境理解。方框中 “decide” 的名词形式 “decision” 意为 “决定”,“made a decision”(做决定)是固定搭配,符合 “制定计划” 的行动,故答案为 decision。improvement 【解析】句意:我会写下我的目标,并每周检查自己是否有进步。本题考查动词变名词与语境理解。方框中 “improve” 的名词形式 “improvement” 意为 “提升;改善”,“made improvement”(取得进步)符合 “检查目标完成情况” 的语境,故答案为 improvement。Unit 7 When Tomorrow Comes 参考答案与解析一、词形变化填空练习prediction (n. 预测;预言) → predict (v. 预测)bad (adj. 差的;坏的) → worse (adj. 更糟的,比较级) → worst (adj. 最糟糕的,最高级) → badly (adv. 坏地;差地)positive (adj. 乐观的;积极的) → positively (adv. 乐观地) → negative (adj. 消极的;负面的,反义词)efficient (adj. 效率高的;有功效的) → efficiently (adv. 高效率地) → efficiency (n. 效率)education (n. 教育) → educate (v. 教育) → educational (adj. 有教育意义的) → educator (n. 教育家)win (v. 赢得;获胜) → won (v. 赢得,过去式) → winner (n. 优胜者;成功者)service (n. 服务) → serve (v. 为…… 服务)challenge (v.&n. 挑战) → challenging (adj. 挑战性的)create (v. 创造) → creative (adj. 有创造力的) → creativity (n. 创造力)possible (adj. 可能的) → possibly (adv. 可能地) → impossible (adj. 不可能的,反义词)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺1.prediction 2.worse 3.positive 4.efficiently 5.education 6.won 7.service 8.challenging 9.creativity 10.impossibleprediction 【解析】句意:天气预报预测明天会下大雨,所以我们需要带雨伞。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “predict” 是动词,意为 “预测”,空前 “a” 后需接可数名词单数,其名词形式 “prediction”(预测;预言)符合 “天气预报” 的语境,故答案为 prediction。worse 【解析】句意:今年的考试比去年难多了 —— 很多学生说他们没能按时做完。本题考查形容词比较级。括号内 “bad” 是形容词,意为 “差的;坏的”,根据 “than” 可知需用比较级,“bad” 的比较级为 “worse”(更糟的),故答案为 worse。positive 【解析】句意:我们应该用积极的态度面对困难,而不是轻易放弃。本题考查形容词用法。括号内 “positive” 是形容词,意为 “乐观的;积极的”,此处需用形容词修饰名词 “attitude”,符合 “面对困难不放弃” 的语境,故答案为 positive。efficiently 【解析】句意:这台新机器比旧机器工作效率更高,为我们节省了很多时间。本题考查形容词变副词。括号内 “efficient” 是形容词,意为 “效率高的;有功效的”,此处需用副词修饰动词 “works”,其副词形式 “efficiently”(高效率地)符合 “节省时间” 的语境,故答案为 efficiently。education 【解析】句意:政府正努力提高农村地区的教育质量,以帮助更多孩子上学。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “educate” 是动词,意为 “教育”,空前 “the quality of” 后需接名词,其名词形式 “education”(教育)符合 “提高教育质量” 的语境,故答案为 education。won 【解析】句意:莉萨上周在英语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖,她的父母为她举办了一个小型派对。本题考查动词时态。括号内 “win” 是动词,意为 “赢得;获胜”,根据 “last week” 可知句子时态为一般过去时,“win” 的过去式为 “won”,故答案为 won。service 【解析】句意:这家酒店提供 24 小时客房服务,所以客人随时都可以打电话求助。本题考查名词用法。括号内 “service” 是名词,意为 “服务”,“room service” 是固定搭配,意为 “客房服务”,符合酒店服务场景,故答案为 service。challenging 【解析】句意:攀登这座高山是一项具有挑战性的任务,但我们都相信我们能做到。本题考查动词 / 名词变形容词。括号内 “challenge” 可作动词或名词,此处需用形容词修饰名词 “task”,其形容词形式 “challenging”(挑战性的)符合 “攀登高山” 的语境,故答案为 challenging。creativity 【解析】句意:孩子天生具有创造力,父母应该鼓励他们尝试新事物。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “create” 是动词,意为 “创造”,空前 “with” 后需接名词,其名词形式 “creativity”(创造力)符合 “尝试新事物” 的语境,故答案为 creativity。impossible 【解析】句意:仅用三天时间完成这个大项目是不可能的 —— 我们需要更多时间和帮助。本题考查形容词反义词。括号内 “possible” 是形容词,意为 “可能的”,结合 “需要更多时间” 可知 “三天完成不可能”,其反义词 “impossible”(不可能的)符合语境,故答案为 impossible。(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空1.predict 2.worse 3.positive 4.service 5.challengepredict 【解析】句意:你能预测 10 年后我们的城市会是什么样子吗?我认为会有更多绿色公园。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “predict” 是动词,意为 “预测”,空前 “Can you” 后接动词原形,“predict what...will be like”(预测…… 会是什么样子)符合语境,故填 predict。worse 【解析】句意:下午天气变得更糟了 —— 雨变成了暴风雨,所以我们不得不待在室内。本题考查形容词比较级与语境理解。方框中 “bad” 的比较级 “worse” 意为 “更糟的”,结合 “雨变暴风雨” 可知天气变差,需用比较级体现变化,故填 worse。positive 【解析】句意:我的老师总是告诉我们,即使考试失败也要保持积极,因为熟能生巧。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “positive” 是形容词,意为 “乐观的;积极的”,“stay positive”(保持积极)符合 “面对失败不气馁” 的语境,故填 positive。service 【解析】句意:这家餐厅以美味的食物和优质的服务闻名,很多人每周都来这里。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “service” 是名词,意为 “服务”,“good service”(优质服务)与 “美味食物” 并列,符合 “吸引顾客” 的语境,故填 service。challenge 【解析】句意:学习一门新语言是一项挑战,但如果你每天练习,很快就会取得进步。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “challenge” 是名词,意为 “挑战”,空前 “a” 后接可数名词单数,“a challenge”(一项挑战)符合 “学习新语言有难度但可克服” 的语境,故填 challenge。三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空【导语】本文讲述了作者所在学校举办 “未来生活” 演讲比赛的经历,介绍了两位演讲者的观点、比赛结果及老师的总结,体现了比赛对学生思考未来、树立积极态度的启发作用。1.efficient 2.predicted 3.education 4.educational 5.educator 6.challenges 7.won 8.positive 9.worse 10.impossibleefficient 【解析】句意:第一位演讲者谈论了科技将如何使我们的生活更高效。她表示机器人会帮我们做家务,我们将有更多时间做自己喜欢的事。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “efficient” 是形容词,意为 “效率高的;有功效的”,“make our lives more efficient”(使生活更高效)符合 “机器人帮忙做家务节省时间” 的语境,故答案为 efficient。predicted 【解析】句意:她还预测未来人们会更频繁地居家办公。本题考查动词时态与语境理解。方框中 “predict” 是动词,意为 “预测”,根据前文 “talked” 可知句子时态为一般过去时,需用过去式 “predicted”,符合 “对未来的预测” 的语境,故答案为 predicted。education 【解析】句意:另一位演讲者分享了她对教育的看法。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “education” 是名词,意为 “教育”,结合下文 “谈论学校、帮助孩子获得良好教育” 可知,演讲主题是教育,故答案为 education。educational 【解析】句意:她说学校会使用更多有趣的工具,让课堂既有教育意义又有趣。本题考查名词变形容词与语境理解。方框中 “education” 的形容词形式 “educational” 意为 “有教育意义的”,“make classes educational and fun”(让课堂有教育意义且有趣)符合 “学校教学改进” 的语境,故答案为 educational。educator 【解析】句意:她希望长大后成为一名教育家,帮助更多孩子获得良好的教育。本题考查名词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “education” 的名词形式 “educator” 意为 “教育家”,空前 “an” 后接可数名词单数,“an educator who helps children”(帮助孩子的教育家)符合 “关注教育” 的职业理想,故答案为 educator。challenges 【解析】句意:比赛充满了挑战。每位演讲者都尽力展示自己的想法。本题考查名词复数与语境理解。方框中 “challenge” 是可数名词,意为 “挑战”,“be full of challenges”(充满挑战)符合 “演讲者需尽力展示” 的比赛场景,需用复数 “challenges”,故答案为 challenges。won 【解析】句意:最后,汤姆获得了一等奖。本题考查动词时态与语境理解。方框中 “win” 是动词,意为 “赢得;获胜”,根据 “Finally” 及比赛场景可知,句子时态为一般过去时,需用过去式 “won”,故答案为 won。positive 【解析】句意:他的演讲主题是面对未来的困难时保持积极。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “positive” 是形容词,意为 “乐观的;积极的”,“staying positive when facing difficulties”(面对困难保持积极)符合演讲主题,故答案为 positive。worse 【解析】句意:他说即使情况变得更糟,我们也永远不应该失去希望。本题考查形容词比较级与语境理解。方框中 “bad” 的比较级 “worse” 意为 “更糟的”,“get worse”(变得更糟)与 “不失去希望” 形成转折,符合积极面对困难的主题,故答案为 worse。impossible 【解析】句意:比赛结束后,老师告诉我们,只要努力,没有什么是不可能的。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “possible” 的反义词 “impossible” 意为 “不可能的”,“nothing is impossible”(没有什么是不可能的)是鼓励性表达,符合 “努力就能实现目标” 的语境,故答案为 impossible。Unit 8 Let's Communicate! 参考答案与解析一、词形变化填空练习 communication (n. 表达;交流) → communicate (v. 交流;沟通)speak (v. 说) → speaker (n. 说话者;发言者) → spoken (adj. 口语的)argue (v. 争论;争吵) → argument (n. 争论;争吵)prefer (v. 较喜欢) → preference (n. 喜好;偏好)express (v. 表达) → expression (n. 表达方式;表达)difficult (adj. 困难的) → difficulty (n. 困难;难题)serious (adj. 严肃的;严重的;认真的) → seriously (adv. 严肃地;认真地) → seriousness (n. 严重;认真;严肃)care (v. 照顾;照料;n. 关心) → careful (adj. 认真的;谨慎的) → carefully (adv. 仔细地;认真地) → careless (adj. 粗心的)polite (adj. 礼貌的) → politely (adv. 礼貌地) → impolite (adj. 不礼貌的;粗鲁的) → impolitely (adv. 不礼貌地)understand (v. 理解;了解) → misunderstanding (n. 误会) → misunderstand (v. 误解) → understanding (n. 理解;领会)二、词形变化应用过关练(一)请根据括号内所给单词,用其正确词形填空,使句子完整、通顺1.communication 2.speaker 3.argument 4.preference 5.express 6.difficulties 7.seriously 8.carefully 9.impolite 10.misunderstoodcommunication 【解析】句意:父母和孩子之间良好的沟通能帮助解决很多家庭问题。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “communicate” 是动词,意为 “交流;沟通”,空前 “Good” 后需接名词,其名词形式 “communication”(表达;交流)符合 “解决家庭问题” 的语境,故答案为 communication。speaker 【解析】句意:会议上的发言者分享了许多关于环境保护的有用观点。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “speak” 是动词,意为 “说”,空前 “The” 后需接表示人的名词,其名词形式 “speaker”(说话者;发言者)符合 “在会议上分享观点” 的语境,故答案为 speaker。argument 【解析】句意:汤姆和他弟弟昨晚为看哪个电视节目吵了一架,但很快就和好了。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “argue” 是动词,意为 “争论;争吵”,空前 “an” 后接可数名词单数,其名词形式 “argument”(争论;争吵)符合 “吵架后和好” 的语境,故答案为 argument。preference 【解析】句意:我的小妹妹偏爱甜食 —— 她最喜欢蛋糕和糖果。本题考查动词变名词。括号内 “prefer” 是动词,意为 “较喜欢”,空前 “a” 后接可数名词单数,其名词形式 “preference”(喜好;偏好)符合 “喜欢甜食” 的语境,故答案为 preference。express 【解析】句意:这位艺术家在画作中用鲜艳的色彩表达他对家乡的热爱。本题考查动词用法。括号内 “express” 是动词,意为 “表达”,空前 “used bright colors to” 后接动词原形,“express one’s love”(表达某人的热爱)符合语境,故答案为 express。difficulties 【解析】句意:我们应该尽力克服在学习中遇到的困难,而不是轻易放弃。本题考查形容词变名词及复数。括号内 “difficult” 是形容词,意为 “困难的”,空前 “the” 后需接名词,“difficulty”(困难;难题)为可数名词,结合 “we meet” 可知困难不止一个,需用复数 “difficulties”,故答案为 difficulties。seriously 【解析】句意:老师告诉我们要认真对待考试,不要以任何方式作弊。本题考查形容词变副词。括号内 “serious” 是形容词,意为 “严肃的;认真的”,此处需用副词修饰动词 “take”,“take...seriously” 是固定搭配,意为 “认真对待……”,故答案为 seriously。carefully 【解析】句意:使用新手机前请仔细阅读说明书,以免出错。本题考查形容词变副词。括号内 “careful” 是形容词,意为 “认真的;谨慎的”,此处需用副词修饰动词 “read”,其副词形式 “carefully”(仔细地;认真地)符合 “避免出错” 的语境,故答案为 carefully。impolite 【解析】句意:打断别人说话是不礼貌的,我们应该等到他们说完。本题考查形容词反义词。括号内 “polite” 是形容词,意为 “礼貌的”,结合 “打断别人说话” 的行为可知是 “不礼貌的”,其反义词 “impolite”(不礼貌的;粗鲁的)符合语境,故答案为 impolite。misunderstood 【解析】句意:昨天我误解了她的话,但后来她解释了,我们澄清了误会。本题考查动词时态及词形变化。括号内 “understand” 的反义词 “misunderstand” 意为 “误解”,根据 “yesterday” 可知句子时态为一般过去时,“misunderstand” 的过去式为 “misunderstood”,故答案为 misunderstood。(二)阅读句子,请从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空1.communicate 2.spoken 3.argue 4.careless 5.politelycommunicate 【解析】句意:我的父母经常和我聊天来交流他们的想法,所以我们关系很好。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “communicate” 是动词,意为 “交流;沟通”,“talk with sb to communicate thoughts”(和某人聊天交流想法)符合 “关系好” 的语境,“to” 后接动词原形,故填 communicate。spoken 【解析】句意:英语口语技能非常重要 —— 我们需要每天练习口语来提高它。本题考查动词变形容词与语境理解。方框中 “speak” 的形容词形式 “spoken” 意为 “口语的”,“spoken English”(英语口语)是固定搭配,符合 “练习口语” 的语境,故填 spoken。argue 【解析】句意:不要因为小事和朋友吵架,这会伤害你们的友谊。本题考查动词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “argue” 是动词,意为 “争论;争吵”,“Don’t” 后接动词原形,“argue with friends”(和朋友吵架)符合 “伤害友谊” 的语境,故填 argue。careless 【解析】句意:这个小男孩很粗心,他总是忘记把作业带到学校。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “care” 的反义词形容词 “careless” 意为 “粗心的”,结合 “忘记带作业” 的行为可知是 “粗心的”,故填 careless。politely 【解析】句意:求助时,我们应该礼貌地说话,以表示对别人的尊重。本题考查形容词变副词与语境理解。方框中 “polite” 的副词形式 “politely” 意为 “礼貌地”,此处需用副词修饰动词 “speak”,“speak politely”(礼貌地说话)符合 “表示尊重” 的语境,故填 politely。三、词形变化应用进阶练阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词的正确形式填空【导语】本文讲述了作者所在班级开展 “良好沟通” 主题活动的经历,包括与搭档练习交流、用肢体语言表达感受等环节,以及老师给出的沟通建议,体现了良好沟通对人际交往的重要性。1.communicating 2.preferences 3.prefers 4.argue 5.difficult 6.express 7.difficulty 8.misunderstood 9.polite 10.important 11.seriously 12.carelesscommunicating 【解析】句意:首先,老师让我们和搭档练习沟通。本题考查动词 - ing 形式与语境理解。方框中 “communicate” 是动词,意为 “交流;沟通”,“practice doing sth”(练习做某事)后接动词 - ing 形式,“practice communicating”(练习沟通)符合 “主题活动” 的要求,故答案为 communicating。preferences 【解析】句意:我们谈论了自己的爱好和偏好。本题考查名词复数与语境理解。方框中 “prefer” 的名词形式 “preference” 意为 “喜好;偏好”,“hobbies and preferences”(爱好和偏好)为并列关系,“preference” 为可数名词,结合 “our” 可知需用复数 “preferences”,故答案为 preferences。prefers 【解析】句意:我的搭档说她更喜欢读书,而我喜欢运动。本题考查动词时态与语境理解。方框中 “prefer” 是动词,意为 “较喜欢”,根据 “said” 可知宾语从句时态为一般现在时(陈述客观喜好),主语 “she” 是第三人称单数,谓语动词用 “prefers”,故答案为 prefers。argue 【解析】句意:我们认真倾听对方的想法,完全没有争吵。本题考查动词用法与语境理解。方框中 “argue” 是动词,意为 “争论;争吵”,“didn’t” 后接动词原形,结合 “认真倾听” 可知 “没有争吵”,故答案为 argue。difficult 【解析】句意:然后,我们做了一项困难的任务:必须通过肢体语言表达自己的感受。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “difficult” 是形容词,意为 “困难的”,修饰名词 “task”,结合下文 “it was not easy” 可知任务 “困难”,故答案为 difficult。express 【解析】句意:然后,我们做了一项困难的任务:必须通过肢体语言表达自己的感受。本题考查动词用法与语境理解。方框中 “express” 是动词,意为 “表达”,“had to” 后接动词原形,“express our feelings”(表达我们的感受)符合 “肢体语言的作用” 的语境,故答案为 express。difficulty 【解析】句意:这并不容易,我们中的一些人很难让别人理解自己的意思。本题考查形容词变名词与语境理解。方框中 “difficult” 的名词形式 “difficulty” 意为 “困难;难题”,“have difficulty in doing sth”(做某事有困难)是固定搭配,故答案为 difficulty。misunderstood 【解析】句意:例如,我想表达 “开心”,但我的搭档一开始把它误解成了 “难过”。本题考查动词时态与语境理解。方框中 “understand” 的反义词 “misunderstand” 意为 “误解”,根据 “wanted” 可知句子时态为一般过去时,“misunderstand” 的过去式为 “misunderstood”,故答案为 misunderstood。polite 【解析】句意:活动期间,老师告诉我们和别人说话时要礼貌。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “polite” 是形容词,意为 “礼貌的”,“be polite when talking to others”(和别人说话时礼貌)符合沟通礼仪,故答案为 polite。important 【解析】句意:她说多听少说很重要,而且我们应该认真对待别人的想法。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中虽未直接给出 “important”,但结合 “沟通建议” 可知 “多听少说” 是 “重要的”,“it’s important to do sth”(做某事很重要)是常用句式,故答案为 important。seriously 【解析】句意:她说多听少说很重要,而且我们应该认真对待别人的想法。本题考查形容词变副词与语境理解。方框中 “serious” 的副词形式 “seriously” 意为 “严肃地;认真地”,“take...seriously”(认真对待……)是固定搭配,“take others’ ideas seriously”(认真对待别人的想法)符合沟通建议,故答案为 seriously。careless 【解析】句意:她还提醒我们不要粗心 —— 沟通中的小错误很正常,我们可以耐心解决。本题考查形容词辨析与语境理解。方框中 “care” 的反义词形容词 “careless” 意为 “粗心的”,“not be careless”(不要粗心)是避免沟通错误的建议,符合语境,故答案为 careless。

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