Unit 3 Same or Different 同步词汇笔记- 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级上册学案

这是一份Unit 3 Same or Different 同步词汇笔记- 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级上册学案，共13页。
Unit 3 Same or Different? 同步词汇笔记1. compare /kəm'peə(r)/ v. 比较；对比compare A with B 将A与B比较compare A to B 把A比作B2. shy /ʃaɪ/ adj. 害羞的比较级 shyer/shier，最高级 shyest/shiest。She is too shy to speak in front of others.她害羞得不敢在别人面前说话。shyness n. 害羞3. lazy /'leɪzi/ adj. 懒惰的；懒洋洋的反义词 hard-working勤奋的比较级 lazier，最高级 laziest。Don’t be lazy—finish your homework first!别偷懒，先完成作业！4. loud /laʊd/ adv. 响亮地 adj. 大声的形容词：a loud voice大声的嗓音副词：speak loud大声说话loudly adv.大声地 aloud adv. 出声地;大声地5. outgoing /'aʊtɡəʊɪŋ/ adj. 外向的反义词 shy害羞的an outgoing girl 一个外向的小女孩My sister is outgoing and has many friends.我妹妹性格外向，有很多朋友。6. hard-working /'hɑːd wɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 勤奋的= hardworking反义词 lazy 懒的He is a hard-working student and always gets good grades.他是个勤奋的学生，成绩总是很好。7. perform /pə'fɔːm/ v. 表演；执行“表演”：perform a play演话剧，perform magic变魔术“执行”：perform a task执行任务performance n. 表演performer n. 表演者8. solve /sɒlv/ v. 解决；解答 solve a problem解决问题solve a math question解答数学题9. flute /fluːt/ n. 长笛 play the flute吹长笛She learned to play the flute at the age of 10.她10岁开始学吹长笛。10. congratulation /kənˌɡrætʃu'leɪʃn/ n. 祝贺 Congratulations on sth 祝贺某事Congratulations on your success!祝贺你成功！Congratulations! 恭喜！11. prize /praɪz/ n. 奖；奖励 win a prize获奖first prize一等奖She won the first prize in the singing competition.她在歌唱比赛中获一等奖。12. attend /ə'tend/ v. 参加；出席attend school上学attend a meeting参加会议attend a party参加派对He didn’t attend class yesterday because he was sick. 他昨天生病没上课。及物动词，直接接宾语，不接介词如 attend the event√，attend to the event×13. as...as... 像……一样中间加形容词/副词原级，表示同级比较：肯定句：as + 原级 + as：She is as tall as her mother.她和妈妈一样高。否定句：not as/so + 原级 + as：This book is not as interesting as that one.这本书不如那本有趣。14. besides /bɪ'saɪdz/ prep. 除……外还 adv. 而且介词Besides English, she also learns French.除英语外，她还学法语。副词=what’s more：I don’t want to go; besides, it’s too late.我不想去，而且太晚了。besides包括在内vs. except排除在外Besides Tom, we all went.包括汤姆，我们都去了。Except Tom, we all went.除了汤姆，我们都去了。15. spare /speə(r)/ adj. 空闲的 v. 抽出形容词：spare time空闲时间spare room备用房间动词：spare time to do sth抽出时间做某事16. pleasure /'pleʒə(r)/ un. 乐事；愉快with pleasure乐意地I’ll help you with pleasure.我乐意帮你。my pleasure不用谢—Thank you! —My pleasure.——谢谢！——不客气。pleasant adj. 令人愉快的Pleased adj. 感到高兴的17. have sth in common 有共同之处后接“共同的事物”，如兴趣、爱好：Tom and I have many hobbies in common.汤姆和我有很多共同爱好。18. appearance /ə'pærəns/ n. 外表；露面“外表”可数/不可数Don’t judge a person by his appearance.不要以貌取人。“露面”可数：make an appearance公开露面appear v. 出现；显得反义词 disappearance n. 消失19. personality /ˌpɜːsə'næləti/ n. 性格；品质复数 personalitiesShe has a warm and friendly personality.她性格热情友好。strong personality个性强personality test性格测试20. serious /'sɪəriəs/ adj. 严肃的；严重的“严肃的”：a serious teacher严肃的老师“严重的”：a serious problem严重的问题be serious about sth 严肃对待某物seriously adv. 严肃地；严重地 seriousness n. 严肃21. strength /streŋθ/ n. 优势；力量“优势”可数His strength is speaking English.他的优势是说英语。“力量”不可数the strength of the team团队的力量strengthen v. 加强反义词 weakness n. 弱点22. fact /fækt/ n. 事实；现实in fact事实上as a matter of fact事实上23. slim /slɪm/ adj. 苗条的；薄的比较级 slimmer，最高级 slimmest。She keeps exercising to stay slim.她坚持锻炼保持苗条。24. population /ˌpɒpju'leɪʃn/ n. 人口作整体时动词用单数：The population of China is large.中国人口众多。提问用 what：What is the population of this city?这个城市的人口是多少？不能用 many/much 修饰，可用 large/small如 a large population。25. km (=kilometre/kilometer) 千米；公里The school is 2 km away from my home.学校离我家2公里。km per hour每小时千米，即 km/haverage /'ævərɪdʒ/ adj. 平均的；平常的“平均的”：average temperature平均温度，an average of 10 students平均10名学生“平常的”：an average student普通学生The average age of the class is 13.这个班的平均年龄是13岁。27. rainfall /'reɪnfɔːl/ un. 降雨量The annual rainfall in this area is about 800 mm.该地区年降雨量约800毫米。rain雨+ fall下落→ 降雨量。28. per /pə(r)/ prep. 每表示“每单位时间/数量”，如 per day每天，per kilogram每千克。The car travels at 60 km per hour.汽车时速60公里。后接单数名词，不接复数如 per student√，per students×。29. mm (=millimetre/millimeter) 毫米The thickness of the paper is only 0.1 mm.这张纸的厚度只有0.1毫米。30. pleasant /'pleznt/ adj. 宜人的；友好的，近义词 nice, enjoyableWe had a pleasant time at the party.我们在派对上玩得很开心。pleasant事物vs. pleased人感到高兴的：I’m pleased with the result.我对结果满意。31. alike /ə'laɪk/ adj. 相像的 adv. 相似地形容词作表语，不修饰名词The twins look alike.双胞胎长得像。副词：They think alike.他们想法相似。不能说 an alike person，要说 people alike相像的人。32. mirror /'mɪrə(r)/ n. 镜子look in the mirror照镜子She looked at herself in the mirror and smiled.她照镜子笑了笑。33. interest /'ɪntrəst/ n. 兴趣 v. 使感兴趣名词可数/不可数：interest in sth对某事的兴趣，hobbies and interests兴趣爱好动词：interest sb使某人感兴趣：The story interests me.这个故事让我感兴趣。interesting adj. 有趣的，interested adj. 感兴趣的。34. novel /'nɒvl/ n. 小说近义词 fiction虚构文学，反义词 non-fiction非虚构作品。I’m reading a novel about space travel.我在读一本关于太空旅行的小说。novel长篇vs. short story短篇小说。35. difference /'dɪfrəns/ n. 差异可数：There are many differences between the two cities.两座城市有很多差异。不可数：the difference in height高度差异differ v. 不同，形容词 different adj. 不同的。36. sense /sens/ n. 理解力；感觉sense of humor幽默感sense of direction方向感make sense有意义37. humour (=humor) n. 幽默；幽默感 a sense of humour幽默感His speech was full of humour and made everyone laugh.他的演讲充满幽默，大家都笑了。humorous adj. 幽默的。38. thanks to 归功于；由于后接名词/代词，表原因，相当于 because of。Thanks to your help, we finished the work on time.多亏你的帮助，我们按时完成了工作。重点短语，后接感谢的对象，不能接句子如 thanks to you√，thanks to you helped us×。39. less /les/ adj. 较少的 adv. 更少地形容词修饰不可数名词：less time更少时间，less money更少钱副词：work less工作更少比较级：less原级 little，最高级 least，反义词 more。 less不可数vs. fewer可数：fewer students更少学生。40. straightforward /ˌstreɪt'fɔːwəd/ adj. 坦率的；简单的近义词 direct/simple。He gave a straightforward answer to the question.他直接回答了问题。straight直的+ forward向前→ 直截了当的。41. opinion /ə'pɪnjən/ n. 看法；意见 in one’s opinion在某人看来give an opinion发表意见。In my opinion, we should study hard every day.在我看来，我们应该每天努力学习。42. make a mistake 犯错误 make mistakes in sth 在某方面犯错I made a mistake in the math exam.我数学考试犯了个错误。It’s normal to make mistakes when learning a new language.学新语言时犯错很正常。43. honest /'ɒnɪst/ adj. 坦诚的；诚实的an honest boy一个诚实的男孩。Be honest with yourself—do you really want to do this?对自己坦诚，你真的想做吗？honestly adv. 诚实地，honesty n. 诚实，反义词 dishonest adj. 不诚实的44. direct /dɪ'rekt/ adj. 率直的；直接的“率直的”：a direct person直率的人“直接的”：a direct flight直飞航班，direct answer直接回答He is very direct and always says what he thinks.他很直率，想到什么说什么。directly adv. 直接地，direction n. 方向。45. similarity /ˌsɪmə'lærəti/ n. 相似之处复数 similaritiesSimilar adj. 相似的，搭配 be similar to与……相似。46. friendship /'frendʃɪp/ n. 友谊；友情 build friendship建立友谊。Their friendship has lasted for more than ten years.他们的友谊持续了十多年。friend朋友+ ship表关系→ friendship友谊。47. metre (=meter) n. 米长度单位，缩写 m，复数 metres/meters加 s，如 5 metres5米。The table is two metres long.桌子长两米。48. prince /prɪns/ n. 王子对应词 princess公主 prince charming 白马王子。In the story, the prince saved the princess from the dragon.故事中，王子从龙手中救出了公主。49. character /'kærəktə(r)/ n. 人物；个性“人物”：a main character主角，characters in a novel小说中的人物“个性”：a strong character坚强的性格I like the character of the hero in this movie.我喜欢这部电影中英雄的角色。50. pauper /'pɔːpə(r)/ n. 贫民；乞丐反义词 millionaire百万富翁。The story is about a pauper who becomes rich overnight.故事讲一个贫民一夜暴富。51. exchange /ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ/ v.&n. 交换exchange sth with sb与某人交换某物an exchange of ideas思想交流exchange student交换生52. accident /'æksɪdənt/ n. 意外；事故 traffic accident交通事故by accident偶然。53. by accident 偶然；意外地=by chanceI met an old friend by accident on the street.我在街上偶然遇见一位老朋友。54. expect /ɪk'spekt/ v. 预料；期待expect to do sth期待做某事：I expect to pass the exam.我期待通过考试。expect sb to do sth期望某人做某事：My parents expect me to be a doctor.父母期望我当医生。55. silver /'sɪlvə(r)/ adj. 银色的 n. 银形容词：a silver car银色的汽车，silver hair银发silver lining一线光明：Every cloud has a silver lining.黑暗中总有一线光明。56. situation /ˌsɪtʃu'eɪʃn/ n. 情况；状况 emergency situation紧急情况。We need to find a way to improve the situation.我们需要找到改善现状的方法。in a difficult situation处于困境中deal with the situation处理情况57. care about 关心；担心She cares about her friends’ feelings very much.她很在意朋友的感受。 care for照顾，喜欢58. reach /riːtʃ/ v. 伸手；达到“伸手”：reach for sth伸手去够：He reached for the book on the shelf.他伸手够书架上的书。“达到”：reach a city到达城市，reach a goal达到目标及物动词，直接接宾语如 reach Beijing√，reach to Beijing×。59. touch /tʌtʃ/ v. 触动；触碰“触碰”：Don’t touch the machine—it’s dangerous.别碰机器，危险。“触动”：The story touched my heart.这个故事触动了我的心。touch n. 接触；触感：a light touch轻轻一碰。60. lend (sb) a hand 帮助某人= help sb，后接 to do sth / with sth：Can you lend me a hand with the heavy box?能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？= give sb a hand。中考高频短语总结短语含义例句as...as...像……一样She is as smart as her brother.besides除……外还Besides math, he likes science.spare time空闲时间I often draw in my spare time.have sth in common有共同之处We have the same hobby in common.thanks to由于Thanks to your advice, I succeeded.make a mistake犯错误I made a mistake in spelling.care about关心He doesn’t care about what others think.lend a hand帮助Please lend a hand—this is too heavy.