备考2027中考英语一轮复习之七八年级核心考点精讲精练 专题十五 定语从句

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【教材出处】
八下 Unit 4 Helping ut：wh /which/that 引导的定语从句
八下 Unit 6 Living with nature：where /when 引导的定语从句
八上 Unit 5 Play by the rules?：阅读语篇渗透定语从句
【考点精讲】
考点 1 定语从句基本概念
定语从句修饰名词 / 代词，被修饰的词叫先行词；从句由关系词引导，置于先行词后，关系词在从句中充当成分。
基本结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
例句：The girl wh is standing there is my sister.
先行词：the girl
关系词：wh（从句中作主语）
定语从句：wh is standing there
考点 2 关系代词（wh /whm/which /that/whse）
关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语。
1. wh
指代人，从句可作主语、宾语；作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
作主语：The man wh is talking t my father is a dctr.
作宾语：The girl wh I met yesterday is very kind.
补充：口语中 wh 常替代 whm 作宾语。
2. whm
指代人，仅作从句宾语，正式文体专用，口语多用 wh 替换。
The by whm yu saw is my brther.
介词搭配两种写法：
正式（介词前置）：The teacher t whm yu talked is Mr Wang.
非正式（介词后置）：The teacher wh/whm yu talked t is Mr Wang.
补充：中考不重点考查 wh 与 whm 区分，掌握 wh 即可。
3. which
指代事物，从句作主语、宾语；作宾语可省略。
作主语：The bk which is n the desk is mine.
作宾语：The bk which I bught yesterday is interesting.
4. that
人、物均可指代，从句作主语、宾语；作宾语可省略。
指人 = wh：The man that is talking t my father is a dctr.
指物 = which：The bk that is n the desk is mine.
5. whse
表 “…… 的”，从句作定语，人、物均可修饰。
指人：I knw the girl whse father is a teacher.
指物：I live in a rm whse windw faces suth.
6. 介词 + 关系代词
关系代词作介词宾语有两种句式：
正式（介词前置）：The schl in which I studied is very big.
非正式（介词后置）：The schl which I studied in is very big.
⚠️ 关键规则：介词前置时，只能用 which（物）/whm（人），不能用 that/wh；介词后置无此限制。
7. 关系代词作主 / 宾语核心区别
两条核心规则：
关系代词作主语：从句谓语单复数与先行词保持一致
The girl wh likes music is my friend.（先行词单数，谓语 likes）
The girls wh like music are my friends.（先行词复数，谓语 like）
关系代词作宾语：可直接省略
不可省（作主语）：The man wh is standing there is my uncle.
可省（作宾语）：The bk (which/that) I read is interesting.
考点 3 关系副词（where /when/why）
关系副词在从句中作状语，一律不可省略。
where：地点状语，先行词为地点（schl, city, rm, place）
This is the schl where I studied.
when：时间状语，先行词为时间（day, year, time, mment）
I will never frget the day when I met him.
why：原因状语，先行词只能是 reasn
Can yu tell me the reasn why he was late?
考点 4 关系代词 vs 关系副词 判断方法
核心判断标准：看从句是否缺少主语 / 宾语
从句缺主语、宾语 → 用关系代词（wh/which/that）
从句主谓宾结构完整 → 用关系副词（where/when/why）
例句区分：
This is the schl where I studied.
I studied 主谓完整，无宾语，用 where（地点状语）
This is the schl which/that I visited.
visit 是及物动词，缺宾语，用 which/that
四、高频失分点整理
失分点 1 混淆 wh/which 指代对象
错误：The man which is standing there is my uncle.
正确：The man wh/that is standing there is my uncle.
解析：人用 wh/that，物用 which
失分点 2 关系代词作宾语重复代词
错误：The bk that I bught it is interesting.
正确：The bk that I bught is interesting.
解析：that 已经充当 bught 的宾语，不能再加 it
失分点 3 关系代词作主语，谓语单复数不匹配
错误：The girls wh likes music are my friends.
正确：The girls wh like music are my friends.
解析：谓语跟随先行词单复数变化
失分点 4 分不清 where 和 which/that
错误：This is the schl which I studied.
正确：This is the schl where I studied.
解析：study 此处为不及物动词，句子不缺宾语，用 where
失分点 5 混淆 whse 和 wh’s
错误：D yu knw the by wh’s father is a teacher?
正确：D yu knw the by whse father is a teacher?
解析：whse 表 “…… 的”；wh’s = wh is
五、九年级衔接预览
九年级 Unit4 Heres 拓展非限制性定语从句：
用逗号和主句隔开；
不能使用 that；
指人用 wh，指物用 which；
大量出现介词 + whm/which 结构。
本专题仅掌握限制性定语从句，为九年级铺垫。
三级过关精练
过关一・基础达标
一、填入合适关系代词 / 关系副词
The by ________ is reading a bk is my brther.
The bk ________ I bught yesterday is very interesting.
This is the schl ________ I studied.
I will never frget the day ________ I met her.
The man ________ yu saw is my uncle.
I knw the girl ________ father is a dctr.
The wman ________ is talking t my mther is a teacher.
This is the huse ________ I lived last year.
The reasn ________ he was late is nt clear.
The mvie ________ we watched is very exciting.
二、单项选择
The girl ________ is singing is my sister.
A. which B. wh C. whm D. whse
The bk ________ I read yesterday is very interesting.
A. which B. whm C. wh D. whse
This is the schl ________ I studied tw years ag.
A. which B. that C. where D. whse
I knw the man ________ daughter is a famus singer.
A. wh B. which C. whm D. whse
The mvie ________ we saw last night is very exciting.
A. wh B. which C. whse D. whm
This is the huse ________ I lived when I was yung.
A. which B. that C. where D. whse
The by ________ father is a teacher is my classmate.
A. wh B. which C. whm D. whse
The wman ________ yu met yesterday is my aunt.
A. wh B. which C. whse D. whm
The bk ________ is n the desk is mine.
A. wh B. whm C. which D. whse
I will never frget the day ________ I jined the club.
A. which B. that C. whse D. when
过关二・能力提升
三、动词适当形式填空
The girl wh ________ (dance) nw is my sister.
The bk which ________ (be) n the desk is mine.
The students wh ________ (study) hard will pass the exam.
This is the best mvie that ________ (shw) in ur schl last year.
The by whse father ________ (be) a teacher is my friend.
四、单项选择
The man ________ is talking t my teacher is frm England.
A. which B. whm C. wh D. whse
The bk ________ I brrwed frm the library is very useful.
A. wh B. which C. whse D. whm
This is the city ________ I was brn.
A. which B. that C. whse D. where
D yu knw the by ________ mther is a nurse?
A. wh B. which C. whse D. whm
The film ________ we saw yesterday was very mving.
A. wh B. which C. whse D. whm
This is the park ________ I ften play with my friends.
A. which B. that C. where D. whse
The teacher ________ yu are waiting fr is cming.
A. wh B. which C. whse D. whm
The bk ________ cver is blue is mine.
A. wh B. which C. whse D. that
This is the schl ________ I visited last year.
A. where B. which C. when D. wh
The reasn ________ he was absent is that he was ill.
A. which B. that C. when D. why
过关三・综合突破
五、短文填空：填入关系词
I have a gd friend ________ (36) name is Lucy. She is the girl ________ (37) is always ready t help thers. She lives in a city ________ (38) there are many beautiful parks. I will never frget the day ________ (39) we first met. We met in a library ________ (40) we ften went t read bks.
Last week, she gave me a bk ________ (41) she bught frm the bkstre. The bk is abut a yung man ________ (42) travelled arund the wrld. I like the bk very much. It is ne f the best bks ________ (43) I have ever read. The reasn ________ (44) I like it s much is that it tells us t fllw ur dreams.关系代词
先行词
从句成分
能否省略
wh
人
主语 / 宾语
作宾语可省
which
物
主语 / 宾语
作宾语可省
that
人 / 物
主语 / 宾语
作宾语可省
whm
人
宾语
可省略
whse
人 / 物
定语
不可省略
先行词
从句缺主语 / 宾语
从句结构完整（作状语）
人
wh /that
无
物
which /that
无
地点
which /that
where
时间
which /that
when
原因
无
why
参考答案与详细解析
过关一・基础达标
一、填空
wh /that 先行词 by 指人，从句缺主语
which /that 先行词 bk 指物，从句缺宾语，可省略
where 先行词 schl，从句主谓完整，缺地点状语
when 先行词 day，从句主谓宾完整，缺时间状语
wh /whm/that 先行词 man 指人，从句缺宾语，可省略
whse 修饰 father，表所属 “女孩的爸爸”
wh /that 先行词 wman 指人，从句缺主语
where 先行词 huse，live 不及物，句子完整，地点状语
why 先行词 reasn，表原因状语
which /that 先行词 mvie 指物，从句缺宾语，可省略
二、单项选择
B 先行词 girl 指人，从句缺主语用 wh
A bk 指物，缺宾语用 which
C study 不及物，句子完整，地点状语 where
D 修饰 daughter 表所属用 whse
B mvie 指物，缺宾语 which
C lived 不及物，地点状语 where
D 修饰 father，所属关系 whse
A wman 指人，作宾语口语常用 wh
C bk 作主语，指物用 which
D day 时间名词，句子完整，时间状语 when
过关二・能力提升
三、动词变形
is dancing 先行词 girl 单数，现在进行时
is bk 单数，which 作主语，谓语单数
study students 复数，wh 作主语，谓语原形
was shwn last year 过去时；mvie 被动，单数 was shwn
is whse father 作主语，father 单数，谓语 is
四、单项选择
C man 指人，从句缺主语 wh
B bk 指物，缺宾语 which
D brn 后无宾语，地点状语 where
C 修饰 mther 表所属 whse
B film 指物，缺宾语 which
C play 后无宾语，地点状语 where
A wait fr 后缺人，口语优先 wh
C 修饰 cver，书的封面，whse
B visit 及物动词缺宾语，which
D reasn 搭配 why 作原因状语
过关三・综合突破
whse 修饰 name，朋友的名字
wh /that girl 指人，从句缺主语
where city 地点，从句完整，地点状语
when day 时间，完整句子，时间状语
where（优先）/which where 作状语；用 which 需搭配 went t
which /that bk 指物，缺宾语
wh /that man 指人，缺主语
that 先行词被最高级 best 修饰，只能用 that
why reasn 搭配 why 表原因状语