2026年高考英语二轮复习专题突破-专题二 七选五 讲义

这是一份2026年高考英语二轮复习专题突破-专题二 七选五 讲义，共5页。学案主要包含了考情分析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2.热点:注重生活、学习品质,增强学生自信,如2025年新高考全国Ⅰ卷介绍了一位热爱本职工作的咖啡馆员工,2025年新高考全国Ⅱ卷介绍的是家庭共同参与志愿活动的好处。
3.变化:
(1)减少了对主题句和过渡句的考查,增加了对细节句的考查力度,考查手法更加隐蔽;
(2)内容比较抽象,需要细思量句意;
(3)更注重篇章结构,段与段之间和句与句之间的逻辑关系。
4.建议:在平时练习时,多练习说明文,也要关注记叙文。同时,在做题时要更多地围绕语境去理解上下文,而不是仅仅从词汇的角度孤立地去选答案,要学会挖掘句际关系,从逻辑的角度来解题。
【考情分析】
第一讲 设空位置题
阅读七选五设空分布均匀,以段中设题为主,兼顾段首和段尾。大部分文本中无小标题。从写作手法上来看,不同位置的句子在文中的作用不尽相同。命题者正是利用设空位置的暗示作用和设空处上下文的提示作用,来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。
1.段落小标题题
段落小标题题是一种考查学生对文章段落主旨理解和概括能力的题型,要求学生为文章中的段落选择最能概括段落大意的标题。
[典例1]
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,七选五片段)
·Yu can live lnger if yu vlunteer regularly.
38.Fr adults,vlunteering can prvide significant physical health benefits.Washingtn University fund that adults 55 and lder wh vlunteered had better memry and maintained verall health lnger than thers their age.Vlunteers are als mre likely t lk after their wn health and are mre fcused n adding physical activity int their lives.
·39.
Vlunteering during teenage years has been linked t sme majr psitive effects such as imprved grades and increased self-cnfidence.These effects aren’t just shrt-term but have been prved t affect a teen’s well-being in the years t cme.
·Yu’ll have mre time with family.
...
A.Helping the cmmunity lwers rates f depressin.
B.Vlunteering as a family may be just the thing yu need.
C.Vlunteering has a lifelng effect n kids and teenagers.
D.Vlunteering can be the first step in breaking dwn prejudice.
...
答案及剖析:C 分析可知,设空处为该段的小标题。根据下文“Vlunteering during teenage the years t cme.”可知,本段讲的是志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C项中的“lifelng effect”对应下文中的“affect a teen’s well-being in the years t cme”,且C项中的“n kids and teenagers”覆盖本段讨论的年龄群体,符合段落主旨。故选C。
[典例2]
(2025· 浙江1月卷,七选五片段)
·Dn’t use ten wrds when ne will d.
Even the mst engaged and cmmitted audience will eventually get bred.Keeping yur message simple and clear will make it easier fr peple t the speaker,yu already knw what yu’re ging t say.Hwever,they’re hearing it fr the first time.Keep it simple.
·39.
If yu’ve ever wrked as an instructr,manager,trainer r cach,yu’ll knw that there are few better ways t learn new infrmatin than t teach it.Ask the audience t cntribute their ideas r t take a rle in explaining new cncepts and plicies t thers.Allw them t lead discussins and meetings t develp their cmmunicatin skills.
·Cnsider the best methd t deliver yur message.
If the infrmatin yu’re cmmunicating isn’t urgent,cnsider sending an email.Written cmmunicatin will give yur audience mre time t review it,think it ver,and fllw up with will als give them a handy recrd t refer back t.
A.Be patient.
B.Get the audience invlved.
C.The best messages are ften simple.
D.Speak directly t what matters t them.
...
答案及剖析:B 分析结构可知,设空处为该段的小标题。由上段和下段的小标题可知,此处要填一个祈使句,答案从A、B、D三项中选择一项;根据本段后两句可知,本段建议讲话者应该让听众积极贡献想法并参与到讨论中来。因此B项“让听众参与进来”最能概括本段内容。故选B。
2.段首设空题
段首设空题是指在段落起始处设置空白,需填入的句子通常为段落主题句、段落过渡
句等。
(2024·浙江1月卷,七选五片段)
The tip that cmes up mst ften is simple:build nline curses int yur weekly schedule,just like what yu wuld d with in-persn Alex Davidsn teaches the same curse in persn and nline.He nted that his nline students usually end up with lwer grades.It is s easy t let an nline curse slide,but yur grades will suffer as a result.Be sure t schedule set times t watch yur lectures,read materials and cntribute t nline discussin bards.
40. A scial cnnectin is ften a big part f learning.There are things yu can d t ease this prblem.Jessica Pink,an undergraduate student,suggests taking nline curses with a friend,s yu can mtivate each ther t stay n track.Yu can als find students n the class discussin bard t rganize a study grup,r schedule in-persn meetings with yur prfessr t discuss curse cncepts.
...
D.Prfessr Alex Davidsn teaches the same curse in persn and nline.
E.The chief cmplaint abut nline curses is that they lack human interactin.
F.If yu take an nline curse,what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade?
G.A survey fund that 29 percent f cllege students registered fr nline curses.
答案及剖析:E 后文“A scial cnnectin is ease this prblem.(社交通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。)”提到社交的重要性,并指出有缓解某个问题的方法,因此E项“人们对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人际互动。”符合语境,指出在线课程的最大问题是缺乏人际互动,引出后文,后文的this prblem指“缺乏人际互动”。故选E。
3.段中设空题
段中设空题是指在段落中间位置设置空白,要求学生根据上下文逻辑关系从选项中选出最佳答案的题型。解答此类试题时,尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性,注意各句间的衔接手段。还需要确定所缺的句子是过渡句还是细节句,对于这两类句子,我们将采用不同的方法来解题。
[典例1]
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
“I enjy wrking in the cafe,” Murphy said.40. She has every intentin f staying and cntinuing ding what she lves.
A.The cafe clses at 9 pm every day.
B.She has tw children aged eight and fur.
C.Smetimes she arrives early t serve the students early.
...
F.Ging t the cafe starts her day ff gd and gets her ready fr class.
G.She has served here fr 17 years and can’t imagine wrking anywhere else.
答案及剖析:G 设空处前一句提到Murphy喜欢在咖啡店工作,设空处后一句讲她要留下来坚持做自己喜欢的事情。所以设空处应继续强调她的坚持与投入,G项符合题意。故选G。
[典例2]
(2025·浙江1月卷,七选五片段)
One f the mst cmmn mistakes in cmmunicatin is trying t d t much.36. There’s n value in delivering any kind f cmmunicatin,whether written,spken,frmal,r infrmal,if the message desn’t cme acrss clearly.Being clear and brief—while maintaining interest and including everything yur listeners need t knw — is a high-level cmmunicatin skill.
...
C.The best messages are ften simple.
D.Speak directly t what matters t them.
E.Yu may be surprised by what yur listeners ffer.
F.It will als give them a handy recrd t refer back t.
...
答案及剖析:C 设空处前提到,在沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做太多;设空处后讲的是如果信息没有被清晰地传达出来,那么任何形式的沟通,无论是书面的、口头的、正式的或非正式的,都没有价值。由此可知,设空处强调的应是不要传达过多内容,而是要注重信息的清晰传达,C项符合语境。故选C。
4.段尾设空题
段尾设空处多为总结本段内容的总结性语句,即结论句或总结句,偶尔是起承上启下作用的过渡句或对本段上文信息进行补充说明的信息补充句。
[典例1]
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
An Unsung Her
Need a break between classes r just a quick pick-me-up in the mrning? The Cllege Cafe has just that,and mre.36.
Catherine Murphy,a cafe wrker in a green shirt and black hat,makes sure that each custmer gets exactly what they rder.She ges back and frth between machines t make the drinks.
37.After finishing an rder,she calls ut the name n the cup.As the custmer grabs the drink frm her hand,she smiles and says,“Hell,hw is yur day?” Even when the line is getting lnger,she desn’t let it get in the way f her genuine cnversatins.
...
D.After finishing an rder,she calls ut the name n the cup.
E.Nt nly des this cafe serve up drinks,it als serves up smiles.
F.Ging t the cafe starts her day ff gd and gets her ready fr class.
G.She has served here fr 17 years and can’t imagine wrking anywhere else.
答案及剖析:E 根据设空处前两句和第二段的内容可知,E项起到了承上启下的作用,既呼应了上文中的“just that,and mre”,也为下文描述Catherine Murphy的热情服务做铺垫。故选E。
[典例2]
(2025·浙江1月卷,七选五片段)
·Cnsider the best methd t deliver yur message.
If the infrmatin yu’re cmmunicating isn’t urgent,cnsider sending an email.Written cmmunicatin will give yur audience mre time t review it,think it ver,and fllw up with questins.40.
Building effective cmmunicatin skills takes time,but the effects are wrth the effrt.
...
D.Speak directly t what matters t them.
E.Yu may be surprised by what yur listeners ffer.
F.It will als give them a handy recrd t refer back t.
G.As the speaker,yu already knw what yu’re ging t say.
答案及剖析:F 根据小标题可知,本段建议沟通者考虑传递信息的最佳方式。设空处前面提到,书面沟通能让听众有更多时间回顾、认真思考并提出问题。F项“这也会为他们提供一份方便查阅的记录”进一步说明了书面沟通的另一个好处,与上文衔接紧密,属于信息补充句。故选F。
第二讲 词汇线索题
为了表达同一主题,作者在文章中会使用一些相同、相近或相反的词汇从不同角度组织表达,还会使用代词指代前面提到的名词,服务于主题。抓住这些词汇线索,就能快速且准确地匹配一些选项。
1.词汇复现法
词汇复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段,即作者在文章中对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系主要是指原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。另外还有同根词复现。
[典例1]
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,七选五片段)
·Yu can live lnger if yu vlunteer regularly.
38. Washingtn University fund that adults 55 and lder wh vlunteered had better memry and maintained verall health lnger than thers their age.Vlunteers are als mre likely t lk after their wn health and are mre fcused n adding physical activity int their lives.
...
A.Helping the cmmunity lwers rates f depressin.
B.Vlunteering as a family may be just the thing yu need.
C.Vlunteering has a lifelng effect n kids and teenagers.
D.Vlunteering can be the first step in breaking dwn prejudice.
E.Fr adults,vlunteering can prvide significant physical health benefits.
F.Yu may even learn that yur kid has a talent yu didn’t knw abut befre.
G.Vlunteering makes yu feel capable and inspires yu t make the mst f each day.
答案及剖析:E 根据下文中的“Washingtn University fund thers their age.”可知,本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。E项中的“Fr adults”对应下文中的“adults 55 and lder”,“physical health benefits”概括了“better memry”和“maintained verall health”,且E项中的“physical”和“health”在下文中均有复现。故选E。
[典例2]
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
Fr well ver a hundred years the mst influential English dictinary was Samuel Jhnsn’s Dictinary f the English Language published in 1755.“T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk,”wrte Jhnsn,illustrating ne definitin f “dull”.40. A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.
A.I dn’t ften use this dictinary.
B.It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C.But I still dn’t want t replace them.
D.But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
...
答案及剖析:D 设空处前一句提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作,设空处后一句讲花几分钟的时间浏览一两页字典是一种有益的体验,D项是作者对字典的评价,dictinary与上文的dictinaries是原词复现;a pleasure与上文的dull形成对比,与上文构成转折关系,属于反义词复现。故选D。
2.代词指代法
为了避免与上文提到的名词重复,通常用不同的代词指代上文提到的人物、事物或事件,也可以指代前面提及的名词、名词短语或句子。
[典例1]
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
Nt all great writers are great spellers.If yu want t be published,it’s vital t submit a perfect,prfessinally presented manuscript (原稿).36. N editr is likely t tlerate a writer wh des nt take the truble t spell wrds crrectly.
...
D.But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E.Of curse,a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
F.That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.
G.Dictinaries dn’t always give yu enugh infrmatin.
答案及剖析:F 设空处前一句提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性。F项是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明,That指代的是“完美的、专业的手稿”。故选F。
[典例2]
(2024·浙江1月卷,七选五片段)
The tip that cmes up mst ften is simple:build nline curses int yur weekly schedule,
just like what yu wuld d with in-persn curses.39. He nted that his nline students usually end up with lwer grades.It is s easy t let an nline curse slide,but yur grades will suffer as a result.Be sure t schedule set times t watch yur lectures,read materials and cntribute t nline discussin bards.
...
D.Prfessr Alex Davidsn teaches the same curse in persn and nline.
E.The chief cmplaint abut nline curses is that they lack human interactin.
F.If yu take an nline curse,what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade?
G.A survey fund that 29 percent f cllege students registered fr nline curses.
答案及剖析:D 设空处位于段落中间,设空处后的代词He应该指代空格处的某个人物,即Prfessr Alex Davidsn,因此D项符合上下文语境。故选D。
第三讲 逻辑关系题
逻辑关系是阅读七选五的考查重点,掌握必要的逻辑关系对解题意义重大。常见的逻辑关系主要包括总分关系、例证关系、转折/对比关系、并列/递进关系、因果关系、解释
关系等。
1.根据总分关系解题
总分关系指前面的句子涉及两个或多个对象,后面的句子紧接着分别加以说明。这种组织方式使语段前后呼应,彼此配合,意义表达条理分明。
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
In a jurnal r n a piece f paper,put the heading “Persnal strengths.”37. Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing,just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.
...
A.A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B.Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C.They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D.It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
...
答案及剖析:B 分析结构可知,本题考查总分关系。根据空前的“Persnal strengths”及空后的例子可知,该空与列举优点有关。B项承上启下,符合语境。B项与下文构成总分关系,B项是总体概括,下文是具体展开。故选B。
2.根据例证关系解题
例证关系指后面的句子对前面的句子进行阐释、引申、例证,从而使意义表达更加明了、具体、生动,更有说服力。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳和推理。常见的表示例证关系的标志词(组)有like、such as、fr example、fr instance、in fact/as a matter f fact、actually、in ther wrds/that is t say等。
(2023·全国乙卷,七选五片段)
Why are indr plants gd fr yu?
Will Spelstra,wh wrks at the Ryal Btanic Gardens,says,“38.There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs.I find during the winter mnths,plants arund the huse can really lift yur md.” Several studies have backed this up and fund that indr plants can imprve creativity,
fcus and memry.There is als research shwing that pt plants can clean the air arund them by remving harmful gases,such as carbn dixide.They als remve sme harmful chemicals frm paints r cking.39. .
...
D.Instead,they grw better inside,where it is warmer
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are amng the best
F.Changing the pt f yur plant frm time t time will als help
G.Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding
答案及剖析:E 本题可以利用例证关系解题。根据上文“There is als research shwing...
chemicals frm paints r cking.”可知,盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知,E项能够承接上文,列举了在这方面效果最好的植物,符合语境。like是解题关键词。故选E。
3.根据转折/对比关系解题
如果设空处前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转,则设空处很有可能是表示转折/对比关系的句子。表示转折/对比关系的连接词有but、 hwever/whereas、 nevertheless (然而,不过)、 thugh、 yet、 in spite f、 at any rate (无论如何)、 in any case (无论如何,不管怎样)、 n the cntrary、 by cntrast (相反,相比之下)、 by cmparisn (相比之下)、 therwise、 、while等。
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
In additin,I have an ld tw-vlume cpy f the Shrter Oxfrd Dictinary,picked up a few years ag in a bkshp sale fr just 99 pence.Of curse,with its 2,672 pages,it’s nt exactly shrt.
It cntains arund 163,000 wrds,plus wrd cmbinatins and idimatic phrases.39. Hwever,if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage,there’s nthing better.
...
A.I dn’t ften use this dictinary.
B.It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C.But I still dn’t want t replace them.
D.But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E.Of curse,a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
...
答案及剖析:A 本题可以利用转折关系解题。设空处后一句说,如果“我”需要查找一个单词的来源或有关其用法的例子,没有什么比字典更好用的了。A项是对字典使用频率的说明,表明“我”不经常用这本字典,与下文构成转折关系。Hwever是解题关键。故选A。
4.根据并列/递进关系解题
设空处前后句之间是否含有并列关系,可以通过表示并列关系的标志词(组)来判断,如and、first(ly)、secnd(ly)、then/next、t begin with、fr ne thing、fr anther thing、finally/last等,而als、besides、in additin、nt (als)...、furthermre、additinally、plus、mrever、what’s mre等则表示前后是递进关系。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
Catherine Murphy,a cafe wrker in a green shirt and black hat,makes sure that each custmer gets exactly what they rder.She ges back and frth between machines t make the drinks.
37. As the custmer grabs the drink frm her hand,she smiles and says,“Hell,hw is yur day?” Even when the line is getting lnger,she desn’t let it get in the way f her genuine cnversatins.
...
D. After finishing an rder,she calls ut the name n the cup.
E.Nt nly des this cafe serve up drinks,it als serves up smiles.
F.Ging t the cafe starts her day ff gd and gets her ready fr class.
G.She has served here fr 17 years and can’t imagine wrking anywhere else.
答案及剖析:D 本题可以利用并列/递进关系解题。设空处前一句讲Catherine Murphy在机器之间来回走动为顾客准备饮料,设空处后一句讲她一边把饮料递给顾客一边笑着问候对方。D项正好是饮料制作流程中的一环,与前后内容自然衔接,描绘出她工作的细节。故选D。
5.根据因果关系解题
设空处前后句之间是否含有因果关系,可以通过一些关联词(组)来判断,如why、because、since、nw that、s、due t、wing t、thanks t、as a result、cnsequently、result in、n accunt f、as a cnsequence、therefre、thus、hence 等。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,七选五片段)
·Yu’ll feel like yu have mre time.
Peple ften feel they are t busy t vlunteer.Yet,research has fund that giving yur time t cmmunity causes actually makes yu feel like yu have mre f it.37.
...
D.Vlunteering can be the first step in breaking dwn prejudice.
E.Fr adults,vlunteering can prvide significant physical health benefits.
F.Yu may even learn that yur kid has a talent yu didn’t knw abut befre.
G.Vlunteering makes yu feel capable and inspires yu t make the mst f each day.
答案及剖析:G 根据段落小标题“Yu’ll feel like yu have mre time.”及设空处前一句可知,设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G项中的“makes yu feel capable”和“inspires yu t make the mst f each day”解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉,与“feel like yu have mre time”形成因果关系。故选G。
6.根据解释关系解题
从逻辑意义上来看,句子与句子之间常常是解释关系,往往作者在提出观点后,紧接着就会对这个观点进行解释说明。表示解释关系的标志词(组)有that is(t say)、in ther wrds、namely等。因此,把握文章结构,厘清作者所表达的观点至关重要。
(2024·全国甲卷,七选五片段)
Cntrl emtinal (情绪的) eating.39. Many f us als turn t fd t deal with unpleasant emtins such as sadness,lneliness,r bredm.But by learning healthier ways t manage emtins,yu can regain cntrl ver the fd yu eat and yur feelings.
...
A.Eat prperly thrughut the day.
B.We dn’t always eat just t satisfy hunger.
C.Dn’t swallw a meal n the way t wrk.
D.Mst f us need t duble the amunt we eat.
...
答案及剖析:B 根据设空处前一句可知,本段主要建议读者不要情绪化地进行暴饮暴食,要进行健康饮食。再根据后一句中的“als”可知,空处也应与人们吃东西的目的有关。B项符合语境,引出下文有些人会通过食物发泄情绪,这都是对段首句的解释说明。故选B。
2023—2025高考七选五考情分析表
年份
卷别
文体
主题语境
语篇话题
小标题
设空位置
段首
段中
段尾
2025
新高考全国Ⅰ卷
记叙文
人与社会
热爱本职工作的
咖啡馆员工
无
0
4
1
新高考全国Ⅱ卷
说明文
人与社会
家庭共同参与志愿
活动的好处
有
2
2
1
浙江1月卷
说明文
人与社会
有效沟通的方式
有
1
3
1
2024
新高考全国Ⅰ卷
说明文
人与自我
英语词典的使用
无
1
4
0
新高考全国Ⅱ卷
说明文
人与社会
如何避免“过度旅游”
无
1
3
1
浙江1月卷
说明文
人与社会
在线学习的利与弊
无
1
4
0
2023
新高考全国Ⅰ卷
说明文
人与自我
自我宽恕
无
0
4
1
新高考全国Ⅱ卷
说明文
人与自我
如何开始艺术之旅
无
1
3
1
浙江1月卷
说明文
人与社会
乘坐火车旅行的建议
无
0
5
0